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八年级英语下册
Unit 2 Section B预习指导
一、知识点
1.Run out of sth. 用光某物
Sth.run out ... 某物用光了
Eg: She runs out of the ink.
她用光了墨水。
The ink runs out.
墨水用光了。
2.Take after ... “（外貌或性格）像...”（血缘关系）
Look like “看起来像...”（外表）
Eg: She takes after her mother.
她像她的妈妈。
She looks like that star.
她看起来像那个明星。
3.Fix ...up 修理...
Repair、fix与mend区别：
Repair通常指对损坏或不完全运作的物品进行大规模修复
fix通常指对某个物体进行调整和安装的过程使其保持固定的状态
mend通常指对较小规模或结构进行简单的修补或修复
Eg: Let’s fix this machine up.
让我们修理一下这台机器吧。
Can you repair it
你能修理它吗？
4.Give away 分发
Give up 放弃
Give in 投降、让步
Give back 归还
Give out 分发；散发
Give off 放出；发出
Give ab.a hand 给予帮助
Eg: Please give them away.
请把他们分发一下。
5.Not...any more = no more “不再”
Not ...any longer = no longer 不再
Eg: She isn’t a child any more.
= She is no more a child.
她不再是个孩子。
6.Be similar to... “与...相似”
Be similar in ... 在...方面相似
Eg: This book is similar to that one.
这本书和那本书相似。
7.Keep (动词) “保存；保持；持续”
Keep sth. 保存某物
Keep + 形容词 “保持某种状态”
Keep doing sth. 一直做某事
Eg: Please keep this book.
请保存这本书。
Please keep quiet.
请保持安静。
Please keep studying hard.
请一直努力学习。
8.Broken (形容词) “破损的”
-- break (动词） “打破；损坏”
（名词）“休息”
Eg: Broken cup 破杯子
Please don’t break this vase.
请不要打破这个花瓶。
Have a break. 休息一下。
9.Letter (名词) “字母”；“信”
常见搭配：capital letter 大写字母
Small letter 小写字母
Write a letter to sb.= write to sb. 给某人写信
Receive a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人来信
Eg: Can you write a letter to me
你能给我写封信吗？
10.Would like to do sth. 想要做某事
注意：其中would为情态动词。
Eg: I would like to be an actor.
我想成为一名演员。
11.Thank you for + 名词/代词/doing sth
“为...而表示感谢”
Eg: Thank you for inviting me.
谢谢你帮我。
12.Give sth.to sb.
= give sb.sth.
给某人某物
Eg: Please give me a book.
= Please give a book to me.
请给我一本书。
13.Be sure + that从句
= be sure to do sth.“确信...”
Be sure about sth. “对某事确信”
Eg: I’m sure that I will pass the exam.
= I’m sure to pass the exam.
我确信通过考试。
14.Set up “建立；设立”
Eg: They set up a music club.
他们建立了一个英语俱乐部。
15.Disabled people = the disabled “残疾人”
The + 形容词 “表示一类人”
Eg: the old 老人；
the young 年轻人
the blind 盲人；
the deaf 聋子
16.Help (名词/动词) “帮助”
常用搭配：help sb.(to) do sth.= help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
With the help of ... 在...帮助下
Help oneself to sth. 随便吃...
Can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
Eg: Can you help me learn English
= Can you help me with English
你能帮我学英语吗？
He made great progress with the help of his teacher.
在老师的帮助下，他取得了很大进步。
Please help yourself to some bread.
请随便吃些面包。
The girl can’t help crying when she heard the news.
听到这个消息时，那个女孩情不自禁地哭了。
17.Possible (形容词) “可能的”
-- impossible (形容词) “不可能的”
Eg: Nothing is impossible.
一切皆有可能。
18.Make it + 形容词 + for sb.+ to do sth.
“使某人做某事是...的”
注意：it为形式宾语，to do才是真正的宾语
Eg: Working hard made it possible for me to win the first prize.
努力工作使我有可能获得一等奖。
19.Luck (名词) “幸运”
派生词：lucky (形容词） “幸运的”；
luckily (副词) “幸运地”；
unlucky (形容词) “不幸的”；
unluckily (副词) “不行地”
Eg: Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
运气对我的生活造成了影响。
20.Make a big difference to... “对...有影响”
Make no difference to ... “对...没影响”
Eg: Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
运气对我的生活造成了影响。
21.Tell a story 讲故事
Eg: She often tells a story to her daughter.
她经常给她女儿讲故事。
22.Imagine (动词) “想象”
-- imagination (名词) “想象”
Imagine (sb.) doing sth.想象(某人)做某事
Eg: Please imagine you flying like a bird.
请想象一下你想鸟儿一样飞。
23.Use sth.to do sth. 使用某物做某事
Eg: I use this pen to write.
我用这个钢笔写字。
24.Have a difficulty with sth./ (in) doing sth.
“做某事有困难”
Difficulty (名词) “困难” -- difficult (形容词) “困难的”
Be difficult for sb. 对某人来说很难。
Eg: I have a difficulty (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。
It is difficult for you.
这对你来说很难。
25.Normal things like doing sth. 像做...的正常事
Eg: normal things like answering the telephone
像接电话这类平常事
26.Answer the telephone 接电话
27.A friend of mine
= one of my friend’s “我的一个朋友”
该句为双重所有格
Eg: She is a friend of mine.
她是我的一个朋友。
28.Help me out 帮某人摆脱困境
Eg: Please help me out.
请帮我摆脱困境。
29.Train (名词) “火车” (动词) “训练”
-- training (名词) “训练”
-- trained (形容词) 受过训练的
常见搭配：train sb.in sth. 在某方面训练某人
Train sb.to do sth. 训练某人做某事
Eg: She trained this dog to help people.
她训练这条狗去帮助人们。
30.Cheer sb.up 使某人振奋
Eg: Please cheer her up.
请让她振奋起来吧。
31.Be excited about sth. 对某事感兴奋
Be excited to do sth. 对做某事感兴奋
Exciting (形容词) “令人兴奋的”修饰物
Excited (形容词) “感到兴奋的”修饰人
Eg: I’m excited about this movie.
我对这部电影感兴奋。
She is excited to visit China.
她对参观中国很兴奋。
32.Be able to do sth.
= can do sth. “能做某事”
Eg: The little girl is able to look after herself.
= The little girl can look after herself.
这个小女孩可以照顾自己。
33.Carry 拿；提；扛
Bring 带来；拿来
Take 带走；拿走
Eg: Please bring him home.
请把他带回家。
34.Feel lucky to do sth. 对做某事感到幸运
Eg: He feels lucky to take part in the meeting.
他感到很幸运参加这个会议。
35.Because of + 短语
Because + 句子
Eg: The meeting is put off because of the weather.
会议因为天气被推迟了。
I passed the exam because I worked hard.
因为努力学习，我通过了考试。
36.Kind (形容词) “善良的”
-- kindness (名词) “善良”
Eg: We like him because of his kindness.
我们喜欢他因为他的善良。
37.Give sb.orders 给某人下命令
Order (名词) “命令；顺序”
(动词) “命令；订购”
常见搭配：in order to ... 为了
Eg: I got up early in order to catch the first bus.
为了赶头班车我早早起床。
38.For example “例如”一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子
such as “例如”一般用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面总数。
Eg: I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.
我喜欢水果，例如，我经常晚上吃香蕉。
He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.
他直到几种语言，例如英语和中文。
39.At once
= right now = right away 立刻
Eg: Please leave at once.
请立刻离开。
40.Send sb.sth.
= send sth.to sb. “送给某人某物”
Eg: Tony sent me a book.
= Tony sent a book to me.
托尼送给我一本书。
41.A photo of ... ...的照片
Eg: a photo of my family 全家福
42.Show (动词) “展示” (名词) “展览”
常见搭配：show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb. 给某人看某物
Eg: Please show me that photo.
= Please show that photo to me.
请给我看看那张照片。
Magic show. 魔术表演。
43.Change (动词) “改变”
Change one’s life 改变某人的生活
Change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Change...into...把...变成
Eg: The magician changed the girl into a bird.
魔术师把那个女孩变成一只鸟。
44.Best wishes 最好的祝福
45.Guide (名词) “导游” (动词) “指导”
Guide sb.to + 地点 “引导某人去...”
Eg: Guide me to the bookstore.
带我去书店。
46.Interest (名词) “兴趣”
-- Interesting (形容词) “有趣的”（修饰物）
-- interested (形容词) “感兴趣的”（修饰人）
常见搭配：take an interest in sth.
= be interested in (doing) sth.
对（做）某事感兴趣
Lose interest in ... 对...失去兴趣
A place of interest 名胜古迹
Eg: Mike takes an interest in this book.
= Mike is interested in this book.
马克对这本书感兴趣。
47.Be free to do sth. 有空做某事
Eg: She is free to watch this movie.
她有空看这部电影。
48.Be strong in
= be good at = do well in “擅长...”
Eg: She is strong in English.
她擅长英语。
49.In one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
Eg: She often reads books in her free time.
她在空闲时间经常读书。
二、练习题
一、短语互译
1.Run out of ... ______
2.修理 __________
3.Give away _________
4.建立 _________
5.Answer the telephone ________
二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1.The poor b_______ man can’t see anything.
2.The old man can’t hear you because he is _______ (聋的).
3.My alarm clock doesn’t work.Who can help me r_______ it
4.I can’t ______ (想象) what the future life is like.
5.I wrote some l______ to you.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.This is a _______ (train) dog.It is very lucky.
2.If you have some _________ (difficult) in learning English, you should ask your teacher for help.
3.More and more people are ________ (interest) in reading books.
4.He is free _______ (visit) his grandparents.
5.She feels _______ (luck) to take part in this meeting.
四、单项选择
( )1.They need money to ______ a special school for disabled children.
A.ask for
B.think up
C.set up
D.put off
( )2.They are helping _______ food to the poor.
A.give out
B.give away
C.give up
D.give off
( )3.They are really ______ about this ______ news.
A.exciting; exciting
B.exciting; excited
C.excited; excited
D.excited; exciting
( )4.Mike _____ his father, because they are both handsome.
A.looks after
B.looks at
C.takes after
D.looks up
( )5.The Internet makes _____ possible for everyone ______ education anywhere and anytime.
A.it; to get
B.this; to get
C.it; getting
D.this; getting
( )6.The meeting is put off ______ bad weather.
A.when
B.until
C.because of
D.because
( )7.My computer doesn’t work.Could you please help me _____
A.fix up it
B.fix it up
C.fix them up
D.fix up them
( )8.Our milk _______.Let’s go to supermarket and buy some.
A.is run out
B.is run out of
C.runs out
D.runs out of
( )9.She is ________ flowers.
A.interested to planting
B.interesting in planting
C.interested in planting
D.interesting to plant
( )10.______, he passed the exam.
A.Luck
B.Lucky
C.Luckily
D.Unlucky
五、句型转化
1.He has worked in this school for five years.(就划线部分提问)
______ ______ has he ______ in this school
2.She didn’t live here any more.(改为同义句)
She ______ ______ live here.
3.She can look after herself.(改为同义句)
She _____ ______ ______ look after herself.
4.谢谢你来看我。(译成英语)
_____ _____ _____ ______ me.
5.这是一张我的全家福。
This is _____ _____ _____ ______ _____.
六、阅读理解
Llamas (美洲鸵) are four - legged animals that live in the mountains of South America.The people that live in these mountains have used llamas for thousands of years.Llamas are useful in many ways.Male (雄性的) llamas carry heavy bags up and down the mountains.An adult male llama can carry things which are as heavy as 100 pounds (磅) for 12 hours at a time.Female (雌性的) llamas provide milk for the local people.Llamas are sturdy animals.They can go for days without drinking water.They can stay alive for a long time because they get enough water from the plants they eat.
( )1.Male llamas are animals that ______.
A.can provide lots of milk
B.mainly live in South Africa
C.can carry heavy things
D.don’t like to be with people
( )2.In this passage, the word “sturdy” means “______” in Chinese.
A.弱小的 B.好笑的
C.顽强的 D.固执的
( )3.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Llamas are very useful animals.
B.It is easy to take care of llamas.
C.People can drink llamas’ milk.
D.Llamas are as clever as men.
( )4.The readers can know from the passage that an adult male llama is ______.
A.strong B.clean
C.friendly D.fast
( )5.Llamas can go for days without drinking water because ______.
A.they don’t like drinking water
B.they eat very little
C.they eat plants that have lots of water
D.they don’t need much water
附：参考答案
一、1.用光
2.fix...up
3.分发
4.set up
5.接电话
二、1.blind 2.deaf 3.repair 4.imagine 5.letter
三、1.trained 2 .difficulties 3.interested 4.to visit 5.lucky
四、1 -- 5 CBDCA 6 -- 10 CBCCC
五、1.How long; worked
2.no more
3.is able to
4.Thank you for visiting
5.a photo of my family
六、 1 -- 5 CCAAC

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