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阅读七选五
一
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ___16___ Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：
(1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives. ___17___ They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear，that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. ___18___
(3)Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business. ___19___ Even if you can't solve all of it，you can solve a piece of it.
(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.
These steps aren't magic，but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster. ___20___
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. D
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。主要关注孩子健康：如何排解压力
16C根据下文的Some ways of…和But other ways…说明人们处理压力有多种方法，故C项符合上下文
17F本段讲述的是向别人寻求支持，除了你的父母和亲戚，也不要忘记你的朋友。故F项符合上下文。
18A根据前一句Don't take it out on yourself不要总是独自承担一切，要寻求别人的帮助，故A项符合上下文串联。
19E根据上一句it's time to get down to business.说明是时候解决问题了，首先你要知道你要解决的问题是什么。故E项符合上下文。
20D根据上一句And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.说明如果我们能够保持积极向上的态度，就会感觉很好。故D项符合上下文的含义。
二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. ____16____ I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze(保住不动).
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. ____17____ We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really difficult. ____18____ There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it or else we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. ____19____
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos(蚊子). But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. ____20____ We had lost our home and everything in it. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. As Mom kept on reminding(提醒) us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better and gave us hope for the future.
A. It all happened so quickly.
B. We were so happy to take him with us.
C. It was difficult to stay positive, though.
D. Our street turned into a river in seconds.
E. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
F. Now, one year has passed and I’m back home.
G. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. G 19. E 20. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者经历的一场飓风灾难。
16上文“It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. (这很奇怪，但我真的不太记得飓风本身。)”说明作者遇到飓风灾难，选项A“一切发生得太快了。”承接上文，表示灾难发生得很快，引出下文“I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. (我坐在我的房间里，我的猫，Smartie，在我的腿上，当屋顶刚刚飞开。)”具体描述飓风来的非常快。故选A项。
17上文“The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. (雨下得又大又快。)”说明雨非常大，选项D“我们的街道在几秒钟内就变成了一条河。”承接上文，下文“We were going nowhere. (我们哪里也去不了。)”又和选项之间存在因果关系。故选D项。
18上文“At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really difficult. (起初，我很高兴我们可以待在家里，但很快就变得非常困难。)”说明待在家里非常困难，选项G“没有屋顶，待在里面太危险了。”承接上文，说明具体困难，里面的危险，引出下文“There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it or else we’d get really sick.(到处都是水，但我们不能喝，否则就会生病。)”说明困难和危险所在。故选G项。
19上文“I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. (我只是整天看着船在街上来来往往，寻找Smartie。)”，选项E“暴风雨一来，他就不见了。”和上文存在因果关系，因为猫不见了，所以寻找猫。He指Smartie，故选E项。
20上文“But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. (但是妈妈说不管发生什么事，我们都应该看到事物好的一面。)”说明要看到事物好的一面，选项C“但是很难保持积极。”转折上文语义，表示难以看到好的一面，引出下文“We had lost our home and everything in it. (我们失去了我们的家和里面的一切。)”。故选C项。
三
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You've probably noticed that new emoji show up on your phone every year.____16____This year is no different. If you have an Android device, you may have used a new emoji such as a melting face. Other devices, such as Apple products, will have these now emoji soon.
The updates come from a California-based nonprofit called Unicode Consortium. Each year. the emoji committee releases (发布) new emoji that will update the existing keyboard._____17_____“It's important for people to understand that we're not inventing language and that it's really the people who create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair of the committee.
_____18_____He created emoji because the mobile phone company where he worked offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and emoji are only one character each but can be used to say more. Emoji have since become popular around the world.
Anyone is allowed to make a proposal for a new emoji. Unicode get proposals in lots of different languages from around the world. If the proposal is strong enough, Unicode will accept it____19____
The process does not simply involve coming up with something that doesn't have an emoji representing it. An emoji idea has to meet certain criteria (标准). These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emoji and whether it can have lots of meanings.____20____You can pair it with many other emoji to express how you are feeling. Additionally, this emoji has adopted many meanings.
A. The keyboard has acquired more than 3.600 emoji characters.
B. Emoji aren't tied to any language or any region of the world.
C. But it's not the organization coming up with these new characters.
D. And it can take up to two years to create and release the new emoji.
E. The “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is special and easy to identify.
F. The first emoji keyboard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.
G. For example, the ninja emoji was introduced in 2020, or the yawning face in 2019.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了手机表情符号，以及它被发明创造的过程和起源。
16上文“You've probably noticed that new emoji show up on your phone every year.”（你可能已经注意到，手机上每年都会出现新的表情符号。）引出话题，提到表情符号。下文“This year is no different.”（今年也不例外。）说明今年也出现了很多表情符号。故可推知空格处内容与此相关，结合选项G项For example, the ninja emoji was introduced in 2020, or the yawning face in 2019.（例如，忍者表情符号是在2020年推出的，打哈欠表情符号是在2019年推出的。）为上文内容的具体举例说明，也是引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选G项。
17上文“Each year, the emoji committee releases new emoji that will update the existing keyboard.”（表情符号委员会每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。）提到每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。下文“It's important for people to understand that we're not inventing language and that it's really the people who create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair of the committee.”（该委员会主席詹妮弗 丹尼尔(Jennifer Daniel)表示：“重要的是，要让人们明白，语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们，而且他们很有创造力。”）提到语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们。和上文意思形成转折，故可推断空格处内容为和上文内容的语意转折。结合选项C项But it's not the organization coming up with these new characters.（但并不是这个组织想出了这些新角色。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
18根据下文“He created emoji because the mobile phone company where he worked offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and emoji are only one character each but can be used to say more.”（他创造了表情符号，因为他工作的移动电话公司提供的电子邮件通信仅限于250个字符，而表情符号每个只有一个字符，但可以用来表达更多的意思。）可知，讲的是具体某人创造了表情符号。结合选项F项The first emoji keyboard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.（第一个表情键盘是由设计师栗田重武(Shigetake Kurita)发明的。）可知，和下文内容相关，下文中的He指的就是该句中提到的人物Shigetake Kurita。下文是空格处内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
19根据上文“Anyone is allowed to make a proposal for a new emoji.”（任何人都可以为新的表情符号提出建议。）提到新的表情符号。结合选项D项And it can take up to two years to create and release the new emoji.（新表情符号的创建和发布可能需要两年的时间。）也是讲的新表情符号相关的内容，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
20上文“These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emoji and whether it can have lots of meanings.”（这些标准包括它的独特性，它是否可以与现有的表情符号一起使用，以及它是否有很多含义。）说明这些标准包括它的独特性。下文“You can pair it with many other emoji to express how you are feeling.”（你可以将它与许多其他表情符号搭配来表达你的感受。）可知，讲的是与许多其他表情符号搭配使用。故可推断空格处内容为具体介绍的例子。结合选项E项The “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is special and easy to identify.（例如，“喜极而泣”的表情符号很特别，也很容易识别。）符合此推断，为具体介绍一个表情符号的特点，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E项。
四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are someone who struggles with exam anxiety, know that you aren't alone.
Some levels of stress are normal, and they do serve a purpose. Stress can improve your work performance, think more quickly and more efficiently. ____26____ These high levels of stress and anxiety have harmful effects on both your mental health and your performance. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to try and relieve this.
Simply being aware of what is causing your anxiety can help to lessen the effects. Try to take some time to reflect on what could be causing your anxiety. ____27____ In terms of exam anxiety, it could be linked to a few different factors. For example, if you're someone that tends to be a bit of a perfectionist, you might experience higher levels of exam anxiety. ____28____.
Most of the time, the key to exam anxiety is making full preparations. Make an early start on your revision. Starting 6 weeks before the exam is usually recommended. ____29____ Take enough time to do yourself justice.
____30____ Studying constantly will make you worn out, and you may even feel burnt out-long before you even get the chance to sit the exam. Make sure that you have at least one day off from revision a week. Take regular breaks for exercise to help keep your brain active. And always remember to eat nutritious, high-quality foods and drink enough water.
Hopefully, you will be free from exam anxiety in the future.
A. Also, try not to neglect your self-care.
B. In addition, your mental health matters the most.
C. It is completely normal to experience exam anxiety.
D. Once you address the causes, it puts you in a better position to treat it.
E. That being said, sometimes stress can turn into anxiety, which is overwhelming.
F. But this can change depending on where you feel you are in your studies and the study level.
G. This often means you set yourself up for failure or disappointment, due to the fear of never feeling "good enough".
【答案】26. E 27. D 28. G 29. F 30. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了我们应对焦虑的一些策略和方法。
26根据前文“Stress can improve your work performance, think more quickly and more efficiently. ”（压力可以提高你的工作表现，思考更快更有效率。）提到了压力在生活中带给我们的好处。下文“These high levels of stress and anxiety have harmful effects on both your mental health and your performance. ”（这些高水平的压力和焦虑对你的心理健康和表现都有害。）讲到了压力和焦虑过大会对健康带来害处。所以空白处应为承上启下的作用。与前文表示转折，开启下文的话题，即压力有时还是会对健康带来害处的。选项E.“That being said, sometimes stress can turn into anxiety, which is overwhelming.”（话虽如此，有时候压力会转化为焦虑，这是不可抗拒的。）与文意相符，故选E。
27根据前文“Simply being aware of what is causing your anxiety can help to lessen the effects. Try to take some time to reflect on what could be causing your anxiety.”（只要知道是什么引起你的焦虑，可以帮助减轻影响。花点时间想想是什么导致了你的焦虑。）说明了找到引起焦虑的原因可以帮助减轻其带来的影响。所以下文应该陈述一旦找到焦虑的原因后，会带来什么结果。选项D.“Once you address the causes, it puts you in a better position to treat it.”（一旦你解决了病因，你就能更好地治疗它。）与前文逻辑一致，符合题意，故选D。
28根据前文“For example, if you're someone that tends to be a bit of a perfectionist, you might experience higher levels of exam anxiety.”（例如，如果你是一个有点完美主义的人，你可能会经历更高程度的考试焦虑。）列举了会带来更大焦虑的一个情景，因而下文应该承接前文讲述这种焦虑对你而言的意义。选项G.“This often means you set yourself up for failure or disappointment, due to the fear of never feeling ‘good enough’.”（这通常意味着你将自己置于失败或失望之中，因为你害怕自己永远不会觉得“足够好”。）符号逻辑，故选G。
29根据前文“Most of the time, the key to reducing exam anxiety is making full preparations. Make an early start on your revision. Starting 6 weeks before the exam is usually recommended. ”（大多数时候，减少考试焦虑的关键是做好充分的准备。早点开始复习。通常建议在考试前6周开始。）提到了减少焦虑的关键是做好充分的准备，同时列举了两个具体的方法。下文“Take enough time to do yourself justice.”（给自己足够的时间来审视自己。）说明我们要根据自己的实际情形来安排。所以空白处应该讲述充分准备也是分情况而定的。选项F.“But this can change depending on where you feel you are in your studies and the study level.”（但这可能会因为你在学习中的感觉和学而改变。）与文意相符，故选F。
30根据下文“Studying constantly will make you worn out, and you may even feel burnt out long before you even get the chance to sit the exam. Make sure that you have at least one day off from revision a week.”（不停地学习会让你筋疲力尽，甚至在你有机会参加考试之前，你就会感到筋疲力尽。确保每周至少有一天不用复习。）提到我们在学习疲惫的同时也要注意休息，即要劳逸结合。所以空白处应总说我们也不能忽略照顾自己的健康。选项A.“Also, try not to neglect your self-care.”（而且，不要忽视你的自我照顾。）符合题意，故选A。
五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you ever find yourself studying really hard for a test but finally not doing so well You spent hours reviewing your notes, only to find your hard work doesn’t make you receive a grade you want. It’s not that you’re not smart. ____16____. If you want to study in an effective way, below are studying methods that may be suitable for you.
Try explaining the concepts(概念) that you’re studying to family members or friends. ____17____
Study with friends. If you’re able to stay focused, studying with a group might be more fun than studying alone. ____18____. It is possible that there’s something you miss or misunderstand, so hearing others’ opinions is very important. Pick possible test topics and hold discussions to gain understanding of these topics in different ways.
Use flashcards. Flashcards are a great way to memorize important information! To make it more fun, write your flashcards using colorful pens and mark important parts.
____19____. I personally use learning apps(应用软件), where I can find very useful resources(资料) for foreign language studies. I’ve also used websites in the past. A lot of sites offer expensive versions, so be aware of which features are free.
Try using some of these methods when you study for your next test, and see whether you’ve improved. Studying can be boring. ____20____. Don’t lose motivation(积极性), and you’ll succeed!
A. Use online resources
B. Start studying in a more interesting way
C. It’s just that the way you study is wrong
D. This stops us from dealing with information
E. It’s of great help to hear other people’s thoughts
F. Finding ways to make it more fun can really improve your grade
G. Correctly explaining the concepts to others means you understand them
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些学习方法以帮助读者更加有效地学习，从而得到自己想要的分数。
16根据空前“It’s not that you’re not smart.(并不是说你不聪明)”以及下文“If you want to study in an effective way, below are studying methods that may be suitable for you. (如果你想以一种有效的方式学习，下面是一些适合你的学习方法)”可知，空处应该是解释你未能得到理想分数的原因。选项C“It’s just that the way you study is wrong (只是你的学习方法不对)”承上启下，与上下文内容一致。故选C。
17根据上文“Try explaining the concepts(概念) that you’re studying to family members or friends.(试着向家人或朋友解释你正在学习的概念)”可知，作者建议读者向家人或朋友解释自己正在学习的概念。选项G“Correctly explaining the concepts to others means you understand them (正确地向别人解释这些概念意味着你理解了它们)”解释了这样做带来的好处，与上文内容一致。故选G。
18根据空后“It is possible that there’s something you miss or misunderstand, so hearing others’ opinions is very important.(你可能会错过或误解一些东西，所以听取别人的意见是非常重要的)”可知，作者告诉读者听取别人的意见很重要。选项E“It’s of great help to hear other people’s thoughts (倾听别人的想法很有帮助)”与下文内容一致。故选E。
19空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“I personally use learning apps(应用软件), where I can find very useful resources(资料) for foreign language studies. I’ve also used websites in the past. A lot of sites offer expensive versions, so be aware of which features are free. (我个人使用学习应用程序，在那里我可以找到非常有用的外语学习资料。我以前也用过网站。很多网站提供昂贵的版本，所以要知道哪些功能是免费的)”可知，在本段中，作者建议读者利用在线资源。选项A“Use online resources(利用在线资源)”与下文内容一致。故选A。
20根据上文“Try using some of these methods when you study for your next test, and see whether you’ve improved. Studying can be boring.(当你准备下次考试的时候，试着使用其中的一些方法，看看你是否有进步。学习可能很无聊)”可知，作者这是在勉励读者，希望读者能够尝试这些方法。选项F“Finding ways to make it more fun can really improve your grade (想办法让学习变得更有趣真的可以提高你的成绩)”与上文内容一致。故选F。
六
阅读七选五
A letter to my children on their first day of school
Dear Olivia and Evan,
As I opened my eyes this morning, the realization that you will be starting a new school year at a new school today controlled my mind for a moment. As we went about our morning routine (例行事务), I thought of so many things I wanted to say to you.
As I quietly entered your room and softly kissed you awake—I wanted to tell you that I know what it’s like to be the new kid. I understand worrying about finding your way both physically and socially. You’ll spend a lifetime finding your way. ___16___
As I stood at the bathroom door while you brushed your teeth—I wanted to tell you to try not to look so nervous. ___17___ It is said a picture is worth a thousand words. I believe a smile is worth at least that much.
___18___—I wanted to tell you if at any moment today you find yourself in an uncomfortable situation, just breathe. You’ll be surprised how a couple of deep breaths can help you see things in a whole new light.
As we got in the car—I wanted to tell you not everyone will have things in common with you. ___19___ They may pleasantly surprise you.
As I drove the few blocks to school—I wanted to tell you to listen when the teacher speaks, when someone new talks about themselves, etc. ___20___
As you got out of the car I gave you each a kiss and a hug and said — “Just be yourself, and remember how much I love you. I’ll be waiting to hear all about your experiences this afternoon.”
I realized that’s really all you needed to hear.
Love
Mom
A. Never give up.
B. As you went to bed
C. As you ate your breakfast
D. Accept the differences happily.
E. It’s good to take notes while listening in class.
F. Listening is one of those skills that will come in handy later in life.
G. The simple act of smiling can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇书信。在信中，作者对两个孩子Olivia和Evan讲了新的学校，新的学期开学第一天应该注意的六点。
16上文I understand worrying about finding your way both physically and socially. You’ll spend a lifetime finding your way.提到作者理解孩子们对寻找自己的路很担忧，并鼓励孩子们用一生的时间寻找适合自己的路。因此推断作者应该激励孩子不要放弃，始终坚持寻找适合自己的路。A项Never give up.（永远不要放弃）符合。故选A。
17下文I believe a smile is wroth at least that much.（我相信微笑比得上千言万语）提到了微笑的重要性。选项中只有G项The simple act of smiling can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship.（微笑这一简单的举动可能是一段美好友谊的开始）符合。故选G。
18本文是以时间为顺序组织的，上文两段开头分别是As I quietly entered your room and softly kissed you awake（当我叫醒你们的时候）、As I stood at the bathroom door while you brushed your teeth（当你们起床后刷牙的时候），接下来应该是吃早餐。因此 C. As you ate your breakfast（当你们吃早餐的时候）符合语境。故选C。
19上文I wanted to tell you not everyone will have things in common with you.提到了我想告诉你们并不是所有人都一样，由此可知接下来应该是强调我们中存在的“不同”，并鼓励孩子接受这些“不同”，因为，这些“不同”会给你惊喜。故选D。
20上文I wanted to tell you to listen when the teacher speaks, when someone new talks about themselves, etc.提到作者告诉孩子老师讲话时，新认识的人讲关于自己的事的时候都要认真听，所以本段主要是强调“听”的重要性。F. Listening is one of those skills that will come in handy later in life.“听”是今后人生中派的上用处的技能之一。故选F。
七
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I grew up in the countryside of Poland. It’s an area where skiing is popular, but my family was poor. I couldn’t afford to ride the ski lift, so I used to hike up with the skis on my back. ____16____
K2(乔戈里峰)is called “death mountain”. You may hear sad stories: For every four people who reach the top, one dies. I was too afraid to even think about skiing down it. ____17____
But that changed after a training exploration to Broad Peak. I got a clear look at K2’s massive face, and it inspired me. Over time, my skills improved and, by 2017, I didn’t feel the fear anymore. I began preparations.
____18____ I love nature, and I love setting goals. To be the first to do it just adds to the challenge. Fear is an important part of life, but to ski down K2, I had to stop being afraid. At the base camp, I felt cam and prepared. There were doubts-I just knew I could do it. But there were challenges. At the third base camp, 7, 000 meters up, my safety guide suffered serious back pain. We waited for 36 hours before he got better, and we decided to continue. In total, it took about 3 days to reach the top.
For many climbers, getting to the top of K2 would be the defining moment of their lives. ____19____ Skiing down a mountain demands patience and endurance(耐力).
The most dangerous part was the Messner Traverse. It’s pure ice, up to a 75-degree angle in places, with drops on either side. You need to keep your tums and movements smooth with confidence. No one had attempted it before, so it was a relief(宽慰)to cross it. ____20____ When I eventually skied into camp, I simply lay in the snow, emotionally and physically tired out.
I’m so proud of what I achieved. No one thought it could be done. It taught me the value of patience and that nobody else can make your dreams come true.
A. Have you ever tried extreme sports
B. It turned out that this was good practice.
C. But for me, it was where the real challenge began.
D. Even the best ski mountaineer thought it impossible.
E. In total, going down the mountain took about 7 hours.
F. Why attempt such an impressive and difficult achievement
G. If you overcome fears and difficulties, you will surely make it to the top.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. F 19. C 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者自己从乔戈里峰滑雪的经历。
16根据前文“I couldn’t afford to ride the ski lift, so I used to hike up with the skis on my back (我负担不起乘坐滑雪缆车的费用，所以我曾经背着滑雪板徒步上去)”可知，作者曾徒步去滑雪，与B项“It turned out that this was good practice.(事实证明，这是很好的做法。)”中的“this was good practice”相呼应，与上下文一致，故选B项。
17根据前文“For every four people who reach the top, one dies. I was too afraid to even think about skiing down it. (每四个人登顶，就有一人死亡。我太害怕了，甚至没有想到要滑雪下来。)”可知从山顶滑下来是难以完成的，作者自己也很害怕，也没想过要滑下来，与D项“Even the best ski mountaineer thought it impossible. (即使是最好的滑雪登山者也认为这是不可能的。)”上下文一致，故选D项。
18根据空后“I love nature, and I love setting goals. (我热爱大自然，也喜欢设定目标。)”可知，这是作者为什么要去爬K2的原因，不是为了创纪录，而是为了感受自然和挑战，与F项“Why attempt such an impressive and difficult achievement (为什么要尝试如此令人印象深刻和困难的成就？)”上下文一致，F项为设问，下文为回答，故选F项。
19前文“For many climbers, getting to the top of K2 would be the defining moment of their lives. (对于许多登山者来说，登上K2的顶峰将是他们生命中的决定性时刻。)”中的For many climbers与C项“But for me, it was where the real challenge began.(但对我来说，这是真正的挑战开始的地方。)”中But for me为前后对比关系，符合文意，与上下文一致，故选C项。
20根据上文“The most dangerous part was the Messner Traverse. It’s pure ice, up to a 75-degree angle in places, with drops on either side. You need to keep your tums and movements smooth with confidence. No one had attempted it before, so it was a relief(宽慰)to cross it. (最危险的部分是梅斯纳横线。它是纯冰，有些地方高达75度角，两侧都有水滴。您需要自信地保持肚子和动作平稳。以前没有人尝试过，所以穿越它是一种宽慰。)”可知本段主要讲述了攀爬K2过程中遇到的挑战，E项“In total, going down the mountain took about 7 hours. (下山总共需要大约7个小时。)”与下文“当我最终滑入营地时，我只是躺在雪地里，身心疲惫。”一致，且承接上文说明作者经历了挑战花费了很长时间成功从山顶滑下，故选E项。
八
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being sick at college is no fun at all. It means missing classes and social events and then catching up on work. Maintaining physical health as well as mental health is as likely to determine students’ happiness and success as anything else. ____36____
1. Wash your hands. It is the easiest way to prevent catching colds from roommates and friends. ____37____
2. Drink water. Coffee may wake you up, but water will keep you going. Replace at least a cup of coffee with one glass of water each day. Or, better yet, drink a cup of water for every cup of coffee you consume daily. You will feel better. ____38____
3. Sometimes students’ schedules prevent them from having “normal” meals at “normal” times. ____39____
4. Track your sleep. Staying up late and then getting up early for class the next day works for about one night. The quickest way to run down your body is to not provide sufficient nourishment through food, water and sleep.
5. ____40____ Every college offers academic support as well as mental health services. Thankfully, much of the shame of seeing an adviser has decreased, and students are more willing to get help sooner. Unfortunately, many students wait until they are very unhappy, and then the road to recovery is longer.
A. Examine your physical health regularly.
B. Here are a few tips on how you can stay healthy at college.
C. Just carry a water bottle in your backpack and fill it up regularly.
D. You must be careful about your health at college.
E. Check out student services.
F. It makes sense to wash before eating and to carry a small container of hand cleanser.
G. Carry some healthy snacks that will satisfy you until your next meal.
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于如何在大学里保持健康的建议。
36本句为第一段最后一句，有启示下文的作用，结合后文主要说明了一些如何在大学保持健康的建议。故B选项“以下是一些关于如何在大学里保持健康的建议”符合上下文语境，故选B。
37根据上文Wash your hands. It is the easiest way to prevent catching colds from roommates and friends.可知洗你的手。这是防止室友和朋友感染感冒的最简单方法。由此可知，本段是在说明饭前洗手的建议。故F选项“饭前洗个手，带一小盒洗手液是有道理的”符合上下文语境，故选F。
38根据上文Or, better yet, drink a cup of water for every cup of coffee you consume daily. You will feel better.可知或者，更好的方法是，每天喝一杯咖啡就喝一杯水。你会感觉更好。由此可知，本段是在说明喝水的重要性，本句为本段最后一句，有承接上文的作用，为说明随时能喝到水的方法是“在背包里放一个水瓶”。故C选项“只需在你的背包里放一个水瓶，定期把它装满就行了”符合上下文语境，故选C。
39根据上文Sometimes students’ schedules prevent them from having “normal” meals at “normal” times.可知有时，学生的日程安排使他们无法在“正常”时间享用“正常”饭菜。由此可知，本句是在说明如何在不能正常吃饭的情况下进行正常的饮食。故G选项“带上一些健康的零食，直到你下顿饭吃为止”符合上下文语境，故选G。
40根据后文Every college offers academic support as well as mental health services.可知每所大学都提供学术支持和心理健康服务。由此可知本段是在说明去看学校提供的学生心理服务。后文中services可对应E选项中student services。故E选项“查看学生服务”符合上下文语境，故选E。
九
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nobody likes the possibility of a crisis occurring, but disaster preparation is a necessity.
Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, and other disasters can occur with little or no warning. A disaster can cause even the calmest people to panic. _____36_____
Create a disaster kit
This kit should contain the basic necessities that you would need in the event of a dangerous situation. _____37_____. Basic first aid supplies, a change of clothes for each person in your household, and copies of important identification documents should also be included in your kit.
_____38_____
This type of disaster preparation is the best way to make sure everyone in your home understands disaster preparedness. It may frighten small children, however, so don’t go into any more detail than necessary. Young children need to understand escape routes from your home. Older children can be shown the location of the disaster kit, taught to shut off gas and electricity, and instructed on how to operate a fire extinguisher (灭火器).
Plan ahead
When conducting a disaster drill (演习), keep in mind that members of your family may not all be together when a disaster occurs. ____39____, so it’s smart to have a disaster preparation plan for how you will reconnect with loved ones. You can agree to meet in a safe place in your neighborhood, such as a church, school, or shopping mall.
Learn first aid
_____40_____. In the United States, you can contact the local American Red Cross chapter to register for a class that will provide the training you need in these areas. There are also various websites offering online lessons.
A. Work together as a team
B. Schedule regular disaster drills
C. Phone services may not be available
D. This includes foods and drinking water for three days
E. So take the time to learn about preparing for emergency
F. It may take some time for emergency workers to reach you
G. This is a great way to make your disaster preparation complete
【答案】36. E 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是没有人喜欢发生危机的可能性，但灾难准备是必要的。文章从几个方面介绍了如何为灾难做准备。
36根据前文“A disaster can cause even the calmest people to panic.(灾难甚至会使最冷静的人感到恐慌。)”可知，此处强调即使最冷静的人对灾难也会感到恐慌，因此后文应该强调对灾难做好准备。E选项“So take the time to learn about preparing for emergency.(所以花点时间学习应急准备。)”承上启下，与上文构成因果关系，同时引出下文对灾难如何做好准备，符合文意。故选E。
37根据前文的“This kit should contain the basic necessities that you would need in the event of a dangerous situation. (这个包应该包含你在危险情况下需要的基本必需品。)”可知，此处强调的是在突发灾难前应该准备好基本的生活必需品。后文应该对此进行解释。D选项“This includes foods and drinking water for three days.(这包括三天的食物和饮用水。)”承接前文，说明这些生活必需品具体包含什么，符合语境。故选D。
38本空为小标题段落。根据后文的“This type of disaster preparation is the best way to make sure everyone in your home understands disaster preparedness. It may frighten small children, however, so don’t go into any more detail than necessary. Young children need to understand escape routes from your home. Older children can be shown the location of the disaster kit, taught to shut off gas and electricity, and instructed on how to operate a fire extinguisher (灭火器).(这种类型的灾难准备是确保家里每个人都了解灾难准备的最佳方式。然而，这可能会吓到小孩子，所以除非必要，不要讲得太详细。年幼的孩子需要了解从家里逃生的路线。大一点的孩子可以看到救灾包的位置，教他们关闭煤气和电力，并指导他们如何操作灭火器。)”可知，本段讲要让孩子们知道些防灾常识，要进行演练。B选项“Schedule regular disaster drills.(安排定期的灾难演练。)”概括本段内容，符合文意。故选B。
39根据后文的“so it’s smart to have a disaster preparation plan for how you will reconnect with loved ones.(因此，为如何与所爱的人重新联系做好灾难准备是明智的。)”可知，此处强调应该提前与所爱的人做好灾难中重新联系的准备是明智的，设空处应该指出这样做的原因。C选项“Phone services may not be available.(电话服务可能无法使用。)”指出原因，引起下文。故选C。
40根据本段标题“Learn first aid(学习急救)”可知，后文应该强调学习急救的重要性。G选项“This is a great way to make your disaster preparation complete.(这是完成灾难准备的好方法。)”中的“this”指代前文的“学习急救”，指出学习急救是完成灾难准备的好方法。故选G。
十
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cycling is becoming increasingly fashionable in China as people begin to pay more attention to the need for environmental protection and low-carbon transportation. ____16____ Many citizens regard cycling as an effective way of making short-and mid-length trips.
In Beijing, a bicycle highway connecting Changping District with Haidian District is making cycling much more convenient for local people. The 6.5-kilometer bicycle path was officially opened on May 31, 2019. A lot of people live along the highway. ____17____ It is often seen that people nearby cycle happily.
____18____ Compared with traditional bike lanes, the bicycle highway is free from the crowds both in a subway and ground traffic during the busiest hours. Cyclists don’t have to worry about the speeding cars. Cyclists can also move faster along the path as it does not have traffic lights. ____19____
The bike path has also become a “must-see” attraction. It gains huge popularity among cycling clubs, citizens and tourists visiting Beijing. ____20____ Even the COVID-19 was unable to stop people’s enthusiasm. This bicycle path is also very helpful in exploring ways to develop biking transportation, and will guide similar planning and building in the future.
A. The bike path is faster and safer.
B. Cycling is much more like touring.
C. It has been visited by over 1 million people.
D. It is especially welcomed by people in the city.
E. More bike- only roads will be built in China soon.
F. They can ride freely on the open and wide bike path.
G. It saves a lot of time on their way to and from the work.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一条连接昌平区和海淀区的自行车高速公路。
16空后说“Many citizens regard cycling as an effective way of making short-and mid-length trips.(许多市民认为骑自行车是一种进行中短途旅行的有效方式)”，因此骑自行车很受人欢迎，D选项“It is especially welcomed by people in the city.(它尤其受到城里人们的欢迎)”说明了骑自行车很受人欢迎，能够承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17空前说“The 6.5-kilometer bicycle path was officially opened on May 31, 2019. A lot of people live along the highway.(这条6.5公里长的自行车道于2019年5月31日正式开通。许多人住在高速公路旁)”，空后说“It is often seen that people nearby cycle happily.(经常可以看到附近的人骑得很开心)”，空格处应该说人们可以在这条自行车道上骑行，F选项“They can ride freely on the open and wide bike path.(他们可以在开阔的自行车道上自由骑行。)”中的“They”指代前面的“A lot of people”，说明了这些人可以在这条自行车道上骑行，因此F选项能够承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
18空后说“Compared with traditional bike lanes, the bicycle highway is free from the crowds both in a subway and ground traffic during the busiest hours. Cyclists don’t have to worry about the speeding cars. Cyclists can also move faster along the path as it does not have traffic lights.(与传统的自行车道相比，这条自行车道在最繁忙的时候不受地铁和地面交通的影响。骑自行车的人不必担心超速行驶的汽车。骑自行车的人也可以沿着这条路走得更快，因为它没有红绿灯)”，说明这条自行车道更快更安全，A选项“The bike path is faster and safer.(自行车道更快更安全)”说明了这条自行车道更快更安全，能够引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
19空前说“Cyclists can also move faster along the path as it does not have traffic lights.(骑自行车的人也可以沿着这条路走得更快，因为它没有红绿灯)”，空格处应该说可以让人骑得很快所带来的好处，G选项“It saves a lot of time on their way to and from the work.(这节省了他们上下班路上的很多时间)”说明了人在自行车道上骑得很快可以节省他们上下班路上的很多时间，能够承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
20空前说“The bike path has also become a “must-see” attraction. It gains huge popularity among cycling clubs, citizens and tourists visiting Beijing.(自行车道也成为“必看”景点。它在自行车俱乐部、市民和来北京的游客中广受欢迎)”，空格处应该具体说明这条自行车道是如何受欢迎，C选项“It has been visited by over 1 million people.(已经有超过100万人参观了它)”具体说明了这条车道受人欢迎的程度，能够承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
十一
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a speaker of 10 languages I know the benefits of speaking more than one language. Actually it is not a big challenge to learn languages. We only have to change the way we learn them. ___16___
Language learning is hard.
It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. ___17___ What you mostly need to do is spend some time listening and reading. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking.
___18___
No, you don’t. Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages. Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude that determines success.
You have to live where the language is spoken.
Some immigrants (移民) to North America never learn to speak more than broken English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak perfect English. In 1968, I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. ___19___ You can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not a problem.
I would love to learn but I don’t have the time.
How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, going for a walk ___20___ Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you believe you will achieve great results, and if you enjoy doing it, as I do, you will find the time.
I believe if you can avoid these traps, we will surely become masters of language learning.
A. The following are some tips for you to follow.
B. You have to have a gift for learning languages.
C. Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult
D. We need to avoid some common misunderstandings
E. Languages can only be learned instead of being taught.
F. Why not use that time to listen to a language on your iPod
G. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了对语言学习的4种误解。
16根据下文各段小标题“Language learning is hard.”（学习语言很难。），“You have to live where the language is spoken.”（你必须要到说英语的地方生活。）和“I would love to learn but I don’t have the time.”（我想学，但是我没有时间。）可知，接下来要介绍的是对语言学习的一些误解。D选项“我们需要避免一些常见的误解。”承上启下，引出下文内容。故选D。
17根据上文“It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to.”（如果你不想学，那么学习语言就是很难的。）可知，作者想说的是学习语言实际上不难。C选项“学习语言需要花时间，但是不难。”和上文意思一致。故选C。
18根据下文“Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages.”（任何想学的人都可以学习。在瑞典和荷兰，大多数人会说不止一种语言。他们不可能都有语言天赋。）可知，这一段作者是解释学习语言和天赋的关系，语言学习与天赋无关。B选项“你必须是在学习语言上很有天赋”是对语言学习的一种误解。故选B。
19根据下文“You can download it to your iPod and listen.”（你可以把它下载到你的播放器上去听。）可知，这里提到代词it，所以上文要说明it是指什么。G选项“有了网络，电脑里的语言内容对任何人都是可以用的。”提到了it的指代对象“语言内容”，和下文意思一致。故选G。
20根据上文“How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, going for a walk ”（你等车的时间，在房子里做事的时候，散步的时候怎么样？）可知，作者是在指出这些时间是可以用来学习语言的。F选项“为什么不用这个时间用你的播放器来听语言呢？”和上文意思一致。故选F。
十二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you miss one of the old friends you’ve lost touch with and think about reaching out to them, you may worry about whether it’ll be just like old times, or uncomfortable and awkward. Here are some ways to help you avoid any awkwardness while reconnecting with an old friend.
Reach out through social media. Connect with them through social media, text message or other means if you’re too nervous to make a phone call or to begin a meet up. Follow up on one of their most recent posts. ____16____
Show some love. If you’re really happy to connect with your old friend, make it a point to communicate that to them. ____17____ Sincere warmth can help lessen some of the awkwardness that may build up in a relationship.
____18____ Start conversation by bringing up a fun time you shared. It will transport you both back to that moment when you were close and help smooth over the “What are you up to now ” conversations that sound too rigid (死板).
Display your interest. As you chat with your friend, try to pay attention and ask follow-up questions. ____19____ Empathizing (共鸣) with them can help you connect with them and get to know who they are today.
Move past conflicts. Don’t talk a lot about your conflicts or the reasons why your friendship became less close. If it happens to come up naturally down the line, then feel free to address any possible hurt feelings. ____20____ In the beginning, just focus on what you had in common and the good times you shared together.
A. Bring back a happy memory.
B. Make detailed plans for the future.
C. But better avoid taking the risk too soon.
D. Update your friend on everything going on in your life.
E. This shows you’re interested in what they’re sharing with you.
F. Be warm with them and let them know how much it means to you.
G. Then starting conversation about what they’re up to will be a natural thing.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了可以帮助你在与老朋友重新联系时避免尴尬的一些方法。
16根据上文“Reach out through social media. Connect with them through social media, text message or other means if you’re too nervous to make a phone call or to begin a meet up. Follow up on one of their most recent posts. (通过社交媒体联系。如果你太紧张而不敢打电话或开始见面，可以通过社交媒体、短信或其他方式与他们联系。跟进他们最近的一个帖子)”可知，本句承接上文说明跟进帖子之后的做法：开始谈论他们在做什么将是一件很自然的事情。故G选项“然后开始谈论他们在做什么将是一件很自然的事情”符合语境，故选G。
17根据上文“Show some love. If you’re really happy to connect with your old friend, make it a point to communicate that to them. (表达一些爱。如果你真的很高兴和你的老朋友联系，那就把这一点告诉他们)”以及后文“Sincere warmth can help lessen some of the awkwardness that may build up in a relationship. (真诚的温暖可以帮助减少一些可能在关系中建立起来的尴尬)”可知，后文提到了真诚的温柔，说明要温柔对待老朋友。故F选项“温暖地对待他们，让他们知道这对你有多重要”符合语境，故选F。
18根据后文“Start conversation by bringing up a fun time you shared. It will transport you both back to that moment when you were close and help smooth over the “What are you up to now ” conversations that sound too rigid (死板). (用你们一起度过的一段有趣的时光来开始谈话。它会把你们两个都带回到你们亲密的那一刻，并帮助平息“你现在在做什么？”听起来太死板的对话)”可知，后文提到了带回到亲密的那一刻，说明要用对话回忆美好的记忆，故A选项“唤起快乐的回忆”符合语境，故选A。
19根据上文“Display your interest. As you chat with your friend, try to pay attention and ask follow-up questions. (表现出你的兴趣。当你和你的朋友聊天时，试着集中注意力并问一些后续问题)”可知，本句继续说明这些问题的作用：表明你对他们和你分享的东西很感兴趣。故E选项“这表明你对他们和你分享的东西很感兴趣”符合语境，故选E。
20根据上文“Move past conflicts. Don’t talk a lot about your conflicts or the reasons why your friendship became less close. If it happens to come up naturally down the line, then feel free to address any possible hurt feelings. (放下过去的冲突。不要过多地谈论你们之间的矛盾或你们的友谊变得不那么亲密的原因。如果这是自然而然地发生的，那么就随意地说出任何可能的伤害感)”以及后文“In the beginning, just focus on what you had in common and the good times you shared together.(刚开始的时候，只关注你们的共同点和你们一起度过的美好时光)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出避免太早说出别人对自己的伤害。故C选项“但最好避免过早冒险”符合语境，故选C。
十三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
English family names or surnames as we know today weren’t widely used until the Norman conquest (征服)of 1066. Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name. ____16____people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. These descriptive names eventually became associated with a family, passed down from one generation to the next.
Occupational(职业性的)Surnames. ____17____ Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. A name ending in “-man” usually suggests a trade name, as in Chapman (shopkeeper).
Descriptive Surnames. Based on a unique quality or physical characteristic of the individual, descriptive surnames often developed from nicknames. Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong. ____18____ Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.
Geographical Surnames. These are names coming from the location of the land in which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of English surnames. They were first introduced into England by the Normans, many of whom were known by the name of their personal lands. ____19____ County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.
Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives. ____20____
A. As the country’s population grew,
B. As a person entered under one surname,
C. A rare name can tell you the family’s origin.
D. This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.
E. They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.
F. Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.
G. Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. E 19. G 20. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国姓氏的由来，我们今天所知道的英国姓氏直到1066年诺曼征服才被广泛使用。
16根据空前“Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name.(在那之前，没有足够多的人需要使用单一的名字以外的任何东西。)”可知，在诺曼征服之前人口不多。再根据空后“people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. (人们开始添加诸如“面包师约翰”这样的描述来区分同名的人。)”可知，人们开始添加一些描述来区分同名的人。选项A“As the country’s population grew,(随着国家人口的增长，)”不仅从形式上符合下文，从内容上也承上启下，使得上下文符合逻辑。正因为人口增加，人们才开始添加描述来区分同名的人。故选A。
17根据段首“Occupational(职业性的)Surnames.(职业性的姓氏)”可知，本段主要讲述的是姓氏和职业相关。选项F“Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.(许多英语姓氏是由一个人的工作或贸易发展而来的。)”和本段内容相符。同时与下文所举例子“Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. (两个常见的英国姓氏，史密斯和赖特，就是很好的例子。)”保持一致。故选F。
18根据上文“Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong.(大多数是指一个人的外表，如大小、颜色或身体形状，例如，Little或 Armstrong。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是有些姓氏用来描述一个人。再根据空后“Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.( Goodchild或Wise就是很好的例子。)”可知，Goodchild或Wise是描述了一个人的性格。选项E“They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.(它们也可以指一个人的性格。)”是下文内容的总结，符合本段内容。故选E。
19根据下文“County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.(英国的郡名，如肯特郡和德文郡，已被普遍采纳为姓氏。)”可知，一些地名已经成为了姓氏。选项G“Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.(因此，许多英文姓氏是从一个实际的城镇或郡的名字发展而来的。)”与下文所举例子相一致，指的都是一些城镇或郡的名字已经成为了正式的姓氏。故选G。
20根据空前“Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives.(其他当地姓氏来自描述性的景观特征，如山丘和森林，描述了持有者居住的土地。)”可知，有些景观特征也成为了姓氏。选项D“This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.(这是Hill和Bush等姓氏的起源。)”与上文内容一致，是上文所指的景观特征的具体例子。故选D。
十四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mountains are great places to spend your free time, but they can be dangerous if you’re not prepared. Imagine you went hiking with your friends or family and got lost while taking pictures of plants and animals. What if you couldn’t find your way back and had to wait until someone came and saved you ____16____
Fire is important because mountains get cold at night, even in the summer. Fire also keeps dangerous animals away and can let people know where you are. ____17____ If you don’t have either of these, you can hit a rock against a piece of steel to make a spark(火花)and start a fire. Just make sure that the fire doesn’t spread!
____18____ Humans can’t live without water. If your drinking water runs out, you’ll need to find clean water as soon as possible. It’s best to look for running water, such as a stream or river. If you can’t find any, try digging a deep hole to find water underground. Or, if you have any empty containers(容器), you can use them to collect rainwater.
____19____ A cave can be a good shelter. If you can’t find one, find a dry area, build a frame(支架)with branches, and cover it with a blanket. If you don’t have a blanket, cover your body with a pile of leaves instead. ____20____
Remember, you should never go into the mountains without the right skills and equipment. But if you’re prepared, you’ll have a safe and enjoyable experience.
A. Finally, you will need some kind of shelter.
B. Another thing you’ll need is clean drinking water.
C. To survive, you’d need three things: fire, water and shelter.
D. You can survive for hours without shelter in ice conditions.
E. This will keep you dry on the rainiest nights and block the wind.
F. It’s important to keep your home warm to avoid health problems.
G. Therefore, you should always carry a lighter or a box of matches with you.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. E
【解析】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在山区度过闲暇时光时不慎迷路又没有做好准备时应该找到自己需要的三样东西：：火、水和住所。
16上文“What if you couldn’t find your way back and had to wait until someone came and saved you (如果你找不到回去的路，不得不等到有人来救你，怎么办？)”可知空格处应该是回答这个问题。 结合下文第二段“Fire is important because mountains get cold at night, even in the summer. (火很重要，因为山在晚上会变冷，即使在夏天也是如此)”，第三段“Humans can’t live without water. (人类离不开水)”以及第四段“A cave can be a good shelter.( 洞穴可以是一个很好的避难所。)”可知空格处说的是生存下去的必要条件。因此C项“为了生存，你需要三样东西：火、水和住所”符合语境，故选C。
17上文“Fire is important because mountains get cold at night, even in the summer. Fire also keeps dangerous animals away and can let people know where you are. (火很重要，因为山在晚上会变冷，即使在夏天也是如此。火也能让危险的动物远离，让人们知道你在哪里。)”说明火很重要，空格处填入你应该采取的措施。因此G项“因此，你应该随身携带打火机或火柴盒”符合语境，故选G。
18下文“Humans can’t live without water. (人类离不开水)”说明水非常重要，放在句首是主题句，应该与水有关，因此B项“你需要的另一件事是清洁的饮用水”符合本段主旨，故选B。
19下文“A cave can be a good shelter.( 洞穴可以是一个很好的避难所。)”说明本段要说明的是“避难所”的重要性，因此A项“最后，你需要一些庇护所”符合本段主旨，故选A。
20上文“If you don’t have a blanket, cover your body with a pile of leaves instead.( 如果你没有毯子，用一堆树叶代替。)”说明可以使用其他的方法保暖，注意E项中的“this”代指的是上文中提到的a pile of leaves,因此E项“这将使你在最下雨的夜晚保持干燥，并阻挡风”符合语境，故选E。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
16根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
19根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。阅读七选五
一
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ___16___ Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：
(1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives. ___17___ They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear，that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. ___18___
(3)Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business. ___19___ Even if you can't solve all of it，you can solve a piece of it.
(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.
These steps aren't magic，but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster. ___20___
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. ____16____ I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze(保住不动).
Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. ____17____ We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really difficult. ____18____ There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it or else we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. ____19____
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos(蚊子). But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. ____20____ We had lost our home and everything in it. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. As Mom kept on reminding(提醒) us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better and gave us hope for the future.
A. It all happened so quickly.
B. We were so happy to take him with us.
C. It was difficult to stay positive, though.
D. Our street turned into a river in seconds.
E. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
F. Now, one year has passed and I’m back home.
G. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous.
三
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You've probably noticed that new emoji show up on your phone every year.____16____This year is no different. If you have an Android device, you may have used a new emoji such as a melting face. Other devices, such as Apple products, will have these now emoji soon.
The updates come from a California-based nonprofit called Unicode Consortium. Each year. the emoji committee releases (发布) new emoji that will update the existing keyboard._____17_____“It's important for people to understand that we're not inventing language and that it's really the people who create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair of the committee.
_____18_____He created emoji because the mobile phone company where he worked offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and emoji are only one character each but can be used to say more. Emoji have since become popular around the world.
Anyone is allowed to make a proposal for a new emoji. Unicode get proposals in lots of different languages from around the world. If the proposal is strong enough, Unicode will accept it____19____
The process does not simply involve coming up with something that doesn't have an emoji representing it. An emoji idea has to meet certain criteria (标准). These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emoji and whether it can have lots of meanings.____20____You can pair it with many other emoji to express how you are feeling. Additionally, this emoji has adopted many meanings.
A. The keyboard has acquired more than 3.600 emoji characters.
B. Emoji aren't tied to any language or any region of the world.
C. But it's not the organization coming up with these new characters.
D. And it can take up to two years to create and release the new emoji.
E. The “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is special and easy to identify.
F. The first emoji keyboard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.
G. For example, the ninja emoji was introduced in 2020, or the yawning face in 2019.
四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are someone who struggles with exam anxiety, know that you aren't alone.
Some levels of stress are normal, and they do serve a purpose. Stress can improve your work performance, think more quickly and more efficiently. ____26____ These high levels of stress and anxiety have harmful effects on both your mental health and your performance. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to try and relieve this.
Simply being aware of what is causing your anxiety can help to lessen the effects. Try to take some time to reflect on what could be causing your anxiety. ____27____ In terms of exam anxiety, it could be linked to a few different factors. For example, if you're someone that tends to be a bit of a perfectionist, you might experience higher levels of exam anxiety. ____28____.
Most of the time, the key to exam anxiety is making full preparations. Make an early start on your revision. Starting 6 weeks before the exam is usually recommended. ____29____ Take enough time to do yourself justice.
____30____ Studying constantly will make you worn out, and you may even feel burnt out-long before you even get the chance to sit the exam. Make sure that you have at least one day off from revision a week. Take regular breaks for exercise to help keep your brain active. And always remember to eat nutritious, high-quality foods and drink enough water.
Hopefully, you will be free from exam anxiety in the future.
A. Also, try not to neglect your self-care.
B. In addition, your mental health matters the most.
C. It is completely normal to experience exam anxiety.
D. Once you address the causes, it puts you in a better position to treat it.
E. That being said, sometimes stress can turn into anxiety, which is overwhelming.
F. But this can change depending on where you feel you are in your studies and the study level.
G. This often means you set yourself up for failure or disappointment, due to the fear of never feeling "good enough".
五
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Do you ever find yourself studying really hard for a test but finally not doing so well You spent hours reviewing your notes, only to find your hard work doesn’t make you receive a grade you want. It’s not that you’re not smart. ____16____. If you want to study in an effective way, below are studying methods that may be suitable for you.
Try explaining the concepts(概念) that you’re studying to family members or friends. ____17____
Study with friends. If you’re able to stay focused, studying with a group might be more fun than studying alone. ____18____. It is possible that there’s something you miss or misunderstand, so hearing others’ opinions is very important. Pick possible test topics and hold discussions to gain understanding of these topics in different ways.
Use flashcards. Flashcards are a great way to memorize important information! To make it more fun, write your flashcards using colorful pens and mark important parts.
____19____. I personally use learning apps(应用软件), where I can find very useful resources(资料) for foreign language studies. I’ve also used websites in the past. A lot of sites offer expensive versions, so be aware of which features are free.
Try using some of these methods when you study for your next test, and see whether you’ve improved. Studying can be boring. ____20____. Don’t lose motivation(积极性), and you’ll succeed!
A. Use online resources
B. Start studying in a more interesting way
C. It’s just that the way you study is wrong
D. This stops us from dealing with information
E. It’s of great help to hear other people’s thoughts
F. Finding ways to make it more fun can really improve your grade
G. Correctly explaining the concepts to others means you understand them
六
阅读七选五
A letter to my children on their first day of school
Dear Olivia and Evan,
As I opened my eyes this morning, the realization that you will be starting a new school year at a new school today controlled my mind for a moment. As we went about our morning routine (例行事务), I thought of so many things I wanted to say to you.
As I quietly entered your room and softly kissed you awake—I wanted to tell you that I know what it’s like to be the new kid. I understand worrying about finding your way both physically and socially. You’ll spend a lifetime finding your way. ___16___
As I stood at the bathroom door while you brushed your teeth—I wanted to tell you to try not to look so nervous. ___17___ It is said a picture is worth a thousand words. I believe a smile is worth at least that much.
___18___—I wanted to tell you if at any moment today you find yourself in an uncomfortable situation, just breathe. You’ll be surprised how a couple of deep breaths can help you see things in a whole new light.
As we got in the car—I wanted to tell you not everyone will have things in common with you. ___19___ They may pleasantly surprise you.
As I drove the few blocks to school—I wanted to tell you to listen when the teacher speaks, when someone new talks about themselves, etc. ___20___
As you got out of the car I gave you each a kiss and a hug and said — “Just be yourself, and remember how much I love you. I’ll be waiting to hear all about your experiences this afternoon.”
I realized that’s really all you needed to hear.
Love
Mom
A. Never give up.
B. As you went to bed
C. As you ate your breakfast
D. Accept the differences happily.
E. It’s good to take notes while listening in class.
F. Listening is one of those skills that will come in handy later in life.
G. The simple act of smiling can be the beginning of a beautiful friendship.
七
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I grew up in the countryside of Poland. It’s an area where skiing is popular, but my family was poor. I couldn’t afford to ride the ski lift, so I used to hike up with the skis on my back. ____16____
K2(乔戈里峰)is called “death mountain”. You may hear sad stories: For every four people who reach the top, one dies. I was too afraid to even think about skiing down it. ____17____
But that changed after a training exploration to Broad Peak. I got a clear look at K2’s massive face, and it inspired me. Over time, my skills improved and, by 2017, I didn’t feel the fear anymore. I began preparations.
____18____ I love nature, and I love setting goals. To be the first to do it just adds to the challenge. Fear is an important part of life, but to ski down K2, I had to stop being afraid. At the base camp, I felt cam and prepared. There were doubts-I just knew I could do it. But there were challenges. At the third base camp, 7, 000 meters up, my safety guide suffered serious back pain. We waited for 36 hours before he got better, and we decided to continue. In total, it took about 3 days to reach the top.
For many climbers, getting to the top of K2 would be the defining moment of their lives. ____19____ Skiing down a mountain demands patience and endurance(耐力).
The most dangerous part was the Messner Traverse. It’s pure ice, up to a 75-degree angle in places, with drops on either side. You need to keep your tums and movements smooth with confidence. No one had attempted it before, so it was a relief(宽慰)to cross it. ____20____ When I eventually skied into camp, I simply lay in the snow, emotionally and physically tired out.
I’m so proud of what I achieved. No one thought it could be done. It taught me the value of patience and that nobody else can make your dreams come true.
A. Have you ever tried extreme sports
B. It turned out that this was good practice.
C. But for me, it was where the real challenge began.
D. Even the best ski mountaineer thought it impossible.
E. In total, going down the mountain took about 7 hours.
F. Why attempt such an impressive and difficult achievement
G. If you overcome fears and difficulties, you will surely make it to the top.
八
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being sick at college is no fun at all. It means missing classes and social events and then catching up on work. Maintaining physical health as well as mental health is as likely to determine students’ happiness and success as anything else. ____36____
1. Wash your hands. It is the easiest way to prevent catching colds from roommates and friends. ____37____
2. Drink water. Coffee may wake you up, but water will keep you going. Replace at least a cup of coffee with one glass of water each day. Or, better yet, drink a cup of water for every cup of coffee you consume daily. You will feel better. ____38____
3. Sometimes students’ schedules prevent them from having “normal” meals at “normal” times. ____39____
4. Track your sleep. Staying up late and then getting up early for class the next day works for about one night. The quickest way to run down your body is to not provide sufficient nourishment through food, water and sleep.
5. ____40____ Every college offers academic support as well as mental health services. Thankfully, much of the shame of seeing an adviser has decreased, and students are more willing to get help sooner. Unfortunately, many students wait until they are very unhappy, and then the road to recovery is longer.
A. Examine your physical health regularly.
B. Here are a few tips on how you can stay healthy at college.
C. Just carry a water bottle in your backpack and fill it up regularly.
D. You must be careful about your health at college.
E. Check out student services.
F. It makes sense to wash before eating and to carry a small container of hand cleanser.
G. Carry some healthy snacks that will satisfy you until your next meal.
九
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Nobody likes the possibility of a crisis occurring, but disaster preparation is a necessity.
Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, and other disasters can occur with little or no warning. A disaster can cause even the calmest people to panic. _____36_____
Create a disaster kit
This kit should contain the basic necessities that you would need in the event of a dangerous situation. _____37_____. Basic first aid supplies, a change of clothes for each person in your household, and copies of important identification documents should also be included in your kit.
_____38_____
This type of disaster preparation is the best way to make sure everyone in your home understands disaster preparedness. It may frighten small children, however, so don’t go into any more detail than necessary. Young children need to understand escape routes from your home. Older children can be shown the location of the disaster kit, taught to shut off gas and electricity, and instructed on how to operate a fire extinguisher (灭火器).
Plan ahead
When conducting a disaster drill (演习), keep in mind that members of your family may not all be together when a disaster occurs. ____39____, so it’s smart to have a disaster preparation plan for how you will reconnect with loved ones. You can agree to meet in a safe place in your neighborhood, such as a church, school, or shopping mall.
Learn first aid
_____40_____. In the United States, you can contact the local American Red Cross chapter to register for a class that will provide the training you need in these areas. There are also various websites offering online lessons.
A. Work together as a team
B. Schedule regular disaster drills
C. Phone services may not be available
D. This includes foods and drinking water for three days
E. So take the time to learn about preparing for emergency
F. It may take some time for emergency workers to reach you
G. This is a great way to make your disaster preparation complete
十
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Cycling is becoming increasingly fashionable in China as people begin to pay more attention to the need for environmental protection and low-carbon transportation. ____16____ Many citizens regard cycling as an effective way of making short-and mid-length trips.
In Beijing, a bicycle highway connecting Changping District with Haidian District is making cycling much more convenient for local people. The 6.5-kilometer bicycle path was officially opened on May 31, 2019. A lot of people live along the highway. ____17____ It is often seen that people nearby cycle happily.
____18____ Compared with traditional bike lanes, the bicycle highway is free from the crowds both in a subway and ground traffic during the busiest hours. Cyclists don’t have to worry about the speeding cars. Cyclists can also move faster along the path as it does not have traffic lights. ____19____
The bike path has also become a “must-see” attraction. It gains huge popularity among cycling clubs, citizens and tourists visiting Beijing. ____20____ Even the COVID-19 was unable to stop people’s enthusiasm. This bicycle path is also very helpful in exploring ways to develop biking transportation, and will guide similar planning and building in the future.
A. The bike path is faster and safer.
B. Cycling is much more like touring.
C. It has been visited by over 1 million people.
D. It is especially welcomed by people in the city.
E. More bike- only roads will be built in China soon.
F. They can ride freely on the open and wide bike path.
G. It saves a lot of time on their way to and from the work.
十一
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a speaker of 10 languages I know the benefits of speaking more than one language. Actually it is not a big challenge to learn languages. We only have to change the way we learn them. ___16___
Language learning is hard.
It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. ___17___ What you mostly need to do is spend some time listening and reading. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking.
___18___
No, you don’t. Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages. Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude that determines success.
You have to live where the language is spoken.
Some immigrants (移民) to North America never learn to speak more than broken English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak perfect English. In 1968, I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. ___19___ You can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not a problem.
I would love to learn but I don’t have the time.
How about the time you spend waiting in line, doing things around the house, going for a walk ___20___ Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you believe you will achieve great results, and if you enjoy doing it, as I do, you will find the time.
I believe if you can avoid these traps, we will surely become masters of language learning.
A. The following are some tips for you to follow.
B. You have to have a gift for learning languages.
C. Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult
D. We need to avoid some common misunderstandings
E. Languages can only be learned instead of being taught.
F. Why not use that time to listen to a language on your iPod
G. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer.
十二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you miss one of the old friends you’ve lost touch with and think about reaching out to them, you may worry about whether it’ll be just like old times, or uncomfortable and awkward. Here are some ways to help you avoid any awkwardness while reconnecting with an old friend.
Reach out through social media. Connect with them through social media, text message or other means if you’re too nervous to make a phone call or to begin a meet up. Follow up on one of their most recent posts. ____16____
Show some love. If you’re really happy to connect with your old friend, make it a point to communicate that to them. ____17____ Sincere warmth can help lessen some of the awkwardness that may build up in a relationship.
____18____ Start conversation by bringing up a fun time you shared. It will transport you both back to that moment when you were close and help smooth over the “What are you up to now ” conversations that sound too rigid (死板).
Display your interest. As you chat with your friend, try to pay attention and ask follow-up questions. ____19____ Empathizing (共鸣) with them can help you connect with them and get to know who they are today.
Move past conflicts. Don’t talk a lot about your conflicts or the reasons why your friendship became less close. If it happens to come up naturally down the line, then feel free to address any possible hurt feelings. ____20____ In the beginning, just focus on what you had in common and the good times you shared together.
A. Bring back a happy memory.
B. Make detailed plans for the future.
C. But better avoid taking the risk too soon.
D. Update your friend on everything going on in your life.
E. This shows you’re interested in what they’re sharing with you.
F. Be warm with them and let them know how much it means to you.
G. Then starting conversation about what they’re up to will be a natural thing.
十三
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English family names or surnames as we know today weren’t widely used until the Norman conquest (征服)of 1066. Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name. ____16____people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. These descriptive names eventually became associated with a family, passed down from one generation to the next.
Occupational(职业性的)Surnames. ____17____ Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. A name ending in “-man” usually suggests a trade name, as in Chapman (shopkeeper).
Descriptive Surnames. Based on a unique quality or physical characteristic of the individual, descriptive surnames often developed from nicknames. Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong. ____18____ Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.
Geographical Surnames. These are names coming from the location of the land in which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of English surnames. They were first introduced into England by the Normans, many of whom were known by the name of their personal lands. ____19____ County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.
Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives. ____20____
A. As the country’s population grew,
B. As a person entered under one surname,
C. A rare name can tell you the family’s origin.
D. This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.
E. They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.
F. Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.
G. Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.
十四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mountains are great places to spend your free time, but they can be dangerous if you’re not prepared. Imagine you went hiking with your friends or family and got lost while taking pictures of plants and animals. What if you couldn’t find your way back and had to wait until someone came and saved you ____16____
Fire is important because mountains get cold at night, even in the summer. Fire also keeps dangerous animals away and can let people know where you are. ____17____ If you don’t have either of these, you can hit a rock against a piece of steel to make a spark(火花)and start a fire. Just make sure that the fire doesn’t spread!
____18____ Humans can’t live without water. If your drinking water runs out, you’ll need to find clean water as soon as possible. It’s best to look for running water, such as a stream or river. If you can’t find any, try digging a deep hole to find water underground. Or, if you have any empty containers(容器), you can use them to collect rainwater.
____19____ A cave can be a good shelter. If you can’t find one, find a dry area, build a frame(支架)with branches, and cover it with a blanket. If you don’t have a blanket, cover your body with a pile of leaves instead. ____20____
Remember, you should never go into the mountains without the right skills and equipment. But if you’re prepared, you’ll have a safe and enjoyable experience.
A. Finally, you will need some kind of shelter.
B. Another thing you’ll need is clean drinking water.
C. To survive, you’d need three things: fire, water and shelter.
D. You can survive for hours without shelter in ice conditions.
E. This will keep you dry on the rainiest nights and block the wind.
F. It’s important to keep your home warm to avoid health problems.
G. Therefore, you should always carry a lighter or a box of matches with you.
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.

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