资源简介

(共101张PPT)
xiaoling tomb of
the ming dynasty
明孝陵
Main Contents
Major Elements
Words & Expressions
Part One
General Knowledge
Main Contents
Part Two
Detailed Information
1.General Introduction
2.Stone-Tablet Pavilion
3.Sacred Way & Plum-Blossom Hill
4. Golden Water Bridge & Civil and Military Gate & Imperial Tablet Hall
5.Sacrificial Hall
6.Square Castle and Ming Tower & Treasury City & Treasury Cover
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
1. Major Elements
Questions for Better Understanding
1.What are the two sections of Xiaoling Tomb
2.Where is the Horse Dismounting Archway
3.What are the parts of Xiaoling Tomb museum
4.Can you tell us the life story of Zhu Yuanzhang
5.How many characters are there on the Tablet of Defied Exploits and Holy Virtues of the Ming Tomb What is its main content
6.What are the orders of the divine beasts/stone animals on the Sacred Way What is the layout of the Sacred Way
Questions for Better Understanding
7.What are the main functions of Lingxing Gate
8.What is the origin of Civil and Military Gate
9.What are the languages on the Tablet of Special Notice And its content
10.Who wrote “Zhi Long Tang Song” to be inscribed on the tablet When did he write it What is the meaning
11.What’s the original size of the Sacrificial Hall When was it rebuilt
12.What is the relationship between the Ming Tower, Square Castle and Treasury City and Treasury Cover What are their functions
proclaim / pr kle m / v. 宣告，公布
monarchal / m 'nɑ:k l / adj. 帝王的
inscription / n skr p n / n. 碑文
praise / pre z / v. 赞扬
plead / pli:d / v. 恳求，请求
ascend / send / v. 攀登
abolish / b l / v. 废除
tribute / tr bju:t / n. 颂词
Part One General Knowledge
2. Words & Expressions (1)
relief / r li:f / n. 浮雕
imposing / m p z / adj. 雄伟的
column / k l m / n. 圆柱
convention / k n ven n / n. 传统，惯例
geomancy / d i: m nsi / n. 风水
juxtapose / d kst p z / v. 并列
concubine / k kjuba n / n. 妃嫔
2. Words & Expressions (1)
cabinet minister 中书
overlapped eaves and gable roof 重檐歇山顶
reverence pillar 望柱
stone Sumeru base 须弥座台基
Zhi Long Tang Song 治隆唐宋
World Heritage Site 世界遗产地
Stone-Tablet Pavilion 碑亭
Square City 四方城
2. Words & Expressions (1)
The Tablet of Defied Exploits and Holy Virtues of the Ming Tomb 大明孝陵神功圣德碑
Sacred Way 神道
Stone Animals Road 石象路
Wengzhong Road 翁仲路
Plum-Blossom Hill 梅花山
Civil and Military Gate 文武方门
2. Words & Expressions (1)
Imperial Tablet Hall 碑殿
Sacrificial Hall 享殿
Inner Red Gate 内红门
Square Castle and Ming Tower 方城明楼
Treasury Cover 宝顶
Treasury City 宝城
2. Words & Expressions (1)
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
1. Major Elements
1.1 地理位置、景区地位
1.1 地理位置、景区地位
1.1 地理位置、景区地位
1.1 地理位置、景区地位
Useful Expressions
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty 明孝陵
lying in 位于
southern foot 南麓
be listed as 被列为
buried together 合葬
Hello, everyone. We have arrived at the Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty lying in Dulongfu at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain. It was listed as World Heritage Site in July 2003. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife Empress Ma were buried here together.
1.1 地理位置、景区地位
1.2 朱元璋生平
1.2 朱元璋生平
Useful Expressions
be born into 出生于
poor peasant family 贫苦农民家庭
Red Scarf Army 红巾军
take over 攻占
proclaim ... emperor 称帝
Does anyone know Zhu Yuanzhang Well, he was born into a poor peasant family in today’s Fengyang County, Anhui Province in 1328. He joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing in 1352, taking over Nanjing in 1356. In 1368, he proclaimed himself Emperor Hongwu by establishing the Ming Dynasty.
1.2 朱元璋生平
1.3建陵时间及陵墓特点等
1.3建陵时间及陵墓特点等
1.3 建陵时间及陵墓特点等
Useful Expressions
be honored with the title of 谥号
monarchal mausoleum system 皇陵形制
the front part for administering state affairs and the rear
part for sleep 前朝后寝
milestone 里程碑
5. historical development of Chinese mausoleums 中国陵墓发展史
The tomb construction started in 1381 and was completed in 1413. I’ve got a question for you. Why was it named as Xiaoling Right, just because Empress Ma, honored with the title of “Xiaoci” died and buried here in 1382. It has created the monarchal mausoleum system of “the front part for administering state affairs and the rear part for rest featured by treasury city and treasury cover”. This was followed by later emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for about 500 years. It can be regarded as a milestone in the historical development of Chinese mausoleums.
1.3 建陵时间及陵墓特点等
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
2.Stone-Tablet Pavilion
2.1 碑亭的建筑形式
2.1 碑亭的建筑形式
2.1 碑亭的建筑形式
Useful Expressions
square form 四方形的
featured by 特色是
overlapped eaves and gable roof 重檐歇山顶
covered with yellow tiles 顶盖黄色琉璃瓦
Here we are at the Stone-Tablet Pavilion. It was a square form featured by overlapped eaves and gable roof covered with yellow tiles.
2.1 碑亭的建筑形式
2.2 碑亭的俗称
2.2 碑亭的俗称
2.2 碑亭的俗称
Useful Expressions
original pavilion 原亭
be destroyed by the war 毁于战火
arch-gate 拱门
added for protection 由于保护缘由而增加
The original pavilion was destroyed by the war in the Qing Dynasty, only leaving four walls and four arch-gates. Therefore, it is commonly called “Square City” by local people in Nanjing. The beautiful cover was added for protection in 2012.
2.2 碑亭的俗称
2.3 功德碑的内容
2.3 功德碑的内容
2.3 功德碑的内容
Useful Expressions
inscription in frontal tablet 正面碑文
plead on behalf of people 为民请命
ascend to throne and proclaim the emperor 登基称帝
abolishing the cabinet minister and establishing six
ministries 废中书、设六部
5. four-word tribute 四言颂词
Within the pavilion stands “The Tablet of Defied Exploits and Holy Virtues of the Ming Tomb”. This tablet is 8.78 meters high, which is the highest one of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing. The inscription in the tablet is written by Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, praising highly of Zhu Yuanzhang’s whole life. Can you tell me about the animal that carries the tablet A tortoise No! The animal in the shape of a tortoise is called Bixi, one of the nine sons of dragon and famous for its strength according to myths.
2.3 功德碑的内容
There are 2,746 Chinese characters on the tablet. The content is divided into seven parts. First, the emperor was born in a big family with ancestral home in Jurong; second, he pleaded on behalf of people and rose to power in Dingyuan; third, he ascended to the throne and made Nanjing the capital of the Ming; fourth, he abolished the cabinet minister by establishing six ministries; fifth, he respected talented people and establishing national learning; sixth, he lived a simple life; at last, 57 royal children’s names and a four-word tribute totaling 144 sentences as the conclusion.
2.3 功德碑的内容容
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
3.Sacred Way & Plum-Blossom Hill
3.1 石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序
3.1 石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序
3.1 石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序
Useful Expressions
arranged in turn with 依次排列
two standing and two kneeling 两立两蹲
carved out of whole pieces of stones in full relief with
smooth lines 整石雕刻而成，线条流畅
4. imposing in look and bold in style 气势恢宏，格调大胆
Passing through Yuhe Bridge, we have arrived at Sacred Way. The first section is Stone Animals Road. It’s 615 meters long, arranged in turn with six kinds of stone animals in twelve pairs. There are four animals for each kind, with two standing and two kneeling. These animals are lion, Xiezhi, camel, elephant, kylin and horse. Each animal symbolizes a different meaning. Lion stands for power, Xiezhi for justice, camel for prosperity, elephant for peace, Kylin for auspiciousness, and horse for loyalty. In short, they are supposed to guard the tomb to drive away evil spirits, and show the emperor’s dignity and guard the tomb.
3.1 石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序
Now, here is another question for you. Why is the Sacred Way not straight Because it makes a right turn to avoid destroying Sun Quan’s Tomb. Sun Quan, a king of Eastern Wu Kingdom, first established the capital in Nanjing.
3.1 石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序
3.2 望柱
3.2 望柱
3.2 望柱
Useful Expressions
cloud and dragon designs over the column 柱上龙腾祥云图案
changed the convention of decorating the pillars
along the sacred way with lotus-flower design 改前朝神道莲花设计惯例
Here are two reverence pillars with cloud and dragon designs over the column. They changed the convention of decorating the pillars along the sacred way with lotus-flower design from the Tang and Song Dynasties.
3.2 望柱
3.3 石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序
3.3 石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序
3.3 石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序
Useful Expressions
be flanked by 相伴左右
generals and officials 武将文臣
with great dignity 神情肃穆
guarding the tomb with their loyalty 忠诚卫陵
The second section of Sacred Way is Wengzhong Road, 250 meters long. This section is flanked by two pairs of generals and two pairs of officials. The statues of the generals and officials stand there with great dignity, guarding the tomb with their loyalty.
3.3 石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序
3.4 棂星门
3.4 棂星门
3.4 棂星门
Useful Expressions
six columns and three arch-gates 六柱三门
Dragon and Phoenix Gate 龙凤门
3.4 棂星门
At the end of Sacred Way stands Lingxing Gate with six columns and three arch doors. It was also called Dragon and Phoenix Gate.
3.5 权墓和赏梅胜地
3.5 孙权墓和赏梅胜地
3.5 孙权墓和赏梅胜地
Useful Expressions
takes a shape of arch back 转弯
protecting geomancy 保护风水
appreciate plum blossom 赏梅
International Plum Flower Festival 国际梅花节
On the east side of Sacred Way is Plum-Blossom Hill, which was originally named as Sunlinggang Hill since Sun Quan was buried here. Surrounding the Plum-Blossom Hill, the Sacred Way of the Ming Tomb takes a detour. This circling aimed at protecting geomancy. The hill is now a wonderful place for people to appreciate plum blossom in spring, and the International Plum Flower Festival is held here every year from March to April.
3.5 孙权墓和赏梅胜地
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
4. Golden Water Bridge & Civil and Military Gate & Imperial Tablet Hall
4.1 金水桥
4.1 金水桥
4.1 金水桥
Useful Expressions
Imperial Water Bridge 御河桥
stone arch bridge 石拱桥
This is the Golden Water Bridge, or the Imperial Water Bridge. They are all
stone arch bridges.
4.1 金水桥
4.2 陵门建筑特点
4.2 陵门建筑特点
4.2 陵门建筑特点
Useful Expressions
original gate 原门
divided into five arch-gates 分成五道拱门
a treasure bowl 聚宝盆
be rebuilt in 重建于
Passing through Golden Water Bridge, we can see the front gate of the tomb palace with four Chinese characters “Civil and Military Gate”. The original gate was divided into five arch-gates, but was destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty. What we see now was rebuilt in 1998.
4.2 陵门建筑特点
4.3 “特别告示”碑及六国文字
4.3 “特别告示”碑及六国文字
4.3 “特别告示”碑及六国文字
4.3 “特别告示”碑及六国文字
Useful Expressions
Japanese, German, Italian, English, French and Russian
日、德、意、英、法、俄六国文字
At the foot of the gate, there is a “Special Notice” tablet inscribed in Japanese, German, Italian, English, French and Russian.
4.3 “特别告示”碑及六国文字
4.4 碑殿内五块石碑的名称
4.4 碑殿内五块石碑的名称
4.4 碑殿内五块石碑的名称
Useful Expressions
be inscribed on a tablet 刻在石碑上
third inspection tour 第三次南巡
inscribed with handwriting by Emperor Qianlong 刻有乾隆所题
juxtaposed on both sides 分列两侧
The Imperial Tablet Hall was originally the middle gate in front of the Sacrificial Hall. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty wrote four characters “Zhi Long Tang Song” to be inscribed on the tablet during his third inspection tour in 1699. Another two tablets inscribed with the the handwritings of Emperor Qianlong were juxtaposed on both sides. Standing behind the tablets are two record tablets which describe the visits by Emperor Kangxi.
4.4 碑殿内五块石碑的名称
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
5. Sacrificial Hall
5.1 享殿过去和现在的用途
5.1 享殿过去和现在的用途
5.1 享殿过去和现在的用途
Useful Expressions
memorial tablet 神位
empress and concubines 皇后及妃嫔们
stone Sumeru base 须弥座
under the reign of 在（帝王年号）年间
Now we arrive at the Sacrificial Hall, also named as Xiaoling Hall. It was built in 1383 for the memorial tablets of Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress and concubines. It was a huge wooden structure with 9 bays in width and 5 bays in depth, with 3 layers of the stone Sumeru base. There are 56 stone column bases left behind today. From these bases, you can imagine how magnificent the hall used to be. The original building was destroyed during the war in the 3rd year under the reign of Emperor Xian Feng of the Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty.
5.1 享殿过去和现在的用途
5.2 原来的规模及现在可见的景观
5.2 原来的规模及现在可见的景观
5.2 原来的规模及现在可见的景观
5.2 原来的规模及现在可见的景观
Useful Expressions
residence of the soul of the deceased 阴间
front area and rear area 前朝后寝
In the north of the Sacrificial Hall, there is a Yinyang Gate, also called Inner Red Gate, as it leads to the residence of the soul of the deceased. The gate divides the tomb palace building into the front area and rear area.
5.2 原来的规模及现在可见的景观
景点概况 1.地理位置、景区地位2.朱元璋生平3.建陵时间及陵墓特点等
碑亭 1.碑亭的建筑形式2.碑亭的俗称3.功德碑的内容
神道、梅花山 1.石象路的六种神兽名称，数量及排列顺序2.望柱3.石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称及排列顺序4.棂星门5.孙权墓和赏梅胜地
金水桥、陵门、碑殿 1.金水桥2.陵门建筑特点3.“特别告示”碑及六国文字4.碑殿内五块石碑的名称
享殿遗址 1.享殿过去和现在的用2.原来的规模及现在可见的景观
方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 1.方城明楼的建筑特色2.宝城、宝顶
Part One General Knowledge
6. Square Castle and Ming Tower & Treasury City & Treasury Cover
6.1 方城明楼的建筑特色
6.1 方城明楼的建筑特色
6.1 方城明楼的建筑特色
6.1 方城明楼的建筑特色
Useful Expressions
Ascension Bridge 升仙桥
be laid with large slab-stones 用大条石与巨大的砖石砌成
54-stairs corridor 五十四级甬道
a protection wall piled up with slab-stones of 13 tiers engraved with 7 big Chinese characters 用十三层条石垒筑南墙上书七个大字
6.1 方城明楼的建筑特色
Useful Expressions
5. This Mountain is the tomb of Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty
此山明太祖之墓
6. ascending ramps
夹道
7. architectural system initiated at the Ming Tomb
自明孝陵开始的建筑形制
Passing through Inner Red Gate and Ascension Bridge, we can see Square Castle and Ming Tower. Square Castle is laid with large slab-stones. Walking through a 54-stairs corridor, we can see a protection wall piled up with slab-stones of 13 tiers engraved with 7 big Chinese characters of “This Mountain is the tomb of Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty”. Ascending ramps on the eastern and western sides, we have arrived at the Ming Tower. Ming Tower displays the architectural system initiated at the Xiaoling Tomb.
6.1方城明楼的建筑特色
6.2 宝城、宝顶
6.2 宝城、宝顶
6.2宝城、宝顶
Useful Expressions
a large circular mound of 400 meters in diameter.
直径大约400米的圆形大土丘
Look back, behind Square Castle stands Treasury Cover which is a large circular mound of 400 meters in diameter. Underground palace of Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma lies just under it. Treasury City means the brick wall extending about 1 kilometer surrounding Treasury Cover.
6.1方城明楼的建筑特色
The Xiaoling Tomb is distinguished for its unique design, outstanding status, surprising beauty and magnificent scale. Now, our visit comes to an end, thank you for your attention.
总结及结束语
独特设计、突出地位、惊人之美、宏大规模。
Thank you!

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