资源简介

(共69张PPT)
nanjing city wall and zhonghua gate castle
Main Contents
Major Elements
Words & Expressions
Part One
General Knowledge
Main Contents
Part Two
Detailed Information
General Introduction
Construction of Ming City Wall
Present Situation of Ming City Wall
Zhonghua Gate Castle
Weng Cheng
Related Information
Part One General Knowledge
1. Major Elements
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
General Understanding Questions
1. Who gave the suggestion of “building the high wall, storing more grains and postponing to take the throne”
2. Who suggested Zhu Yuanzhang to establish the capital in Yingtian/Nanjing When did the project start and end
3. In the early Ming dynasty, where were the bricks made
4. Why is it that the Ming Dynasty City walls have been exceptionally strong for hundreds of years and have no serious erosion
5. What is the mortar used for building the city walls of the Ming Dynasty
6. What are the different phases/stages of building city wall of the Ming Dynasty
7. Why did Nanjing city wall abandon the traditional checkerboard pattern and is in the calabash shape
8. How many city walls are there in Nanjing from the inside to the outside
Part One General Knowledge
2. Words & Expressions (1)
moat / m ut / n. 护城河,壕沟
barrier / 'b ri / n. 障碍物
fortification / f :tifi'kei n / n. 防御工事, 要塞
circumference / s 'k mf r ns / n. 周围；圆周长
cement / si'ment / v. 粘牢；用水泥涂
mortar / 'm :t / n. 砂浆；灰浆
gruel / 'gru: l / n. 粥, 稀饭
dispatch / dis'p t / v. 派遣（某人）
groove / gru:v / n. 沟，槽，辙，纹
slide / slaid / v. 滑动；滑行
winch / wint / n. 绞盘, 曲柄, 绞车
ambush / ' mbu / v. 埋伏，伏击
ammunition / mju'ni n / n. 军火，弹药
ramp / r mp / n. 土堤斜坡, 斜道, 斜路
Part One General Knowledge
2. Words & Expressions (2)
lime stone 石灰石
tung oil 桐油
glutinous rice 糯米
prime minister 总理；丞相
Treasure Bowl Gate 聚宝门
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
Part Two Detailed Information
1. General Introduction
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
1.1南京城池的历史沿革
1.1南京城池的历史沿革
1.1南京城池的历史沿革
Useful Expressions
the most important defense works 最重要的防御工事
in cold weapons times 在冷兵器时代
has a history of 3,000 years 有3000年的历史
consist of four parts 由四部分组成
the Palace City, the Imperial City, the Capital City and the Outer City 宫城、皇城、京城、外郭
1.1南京城池的历史沿革
Ladies and gentlemen, here we are — the city wall. As we all know, city wall with moat is the most important defense works of a city in cold weapons times. The construction of city walls has a history of 3,000 years in China. Nanjing city wall is very famous in the world.
The city of Nanjing used to consist of four parts: the Palace City, the Imperial City, the Capital City and the Outer City. The City Wall of Nanjing refers to the wall of the ancient capital city of Nanjing built in the early Ming Dynasty. It is the outstanding representative of thousands of years of the Chinese civilization.
1.2 明城墙的历史背景 1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
1.2 明城墙的历史背景 1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
1.2 明城墙的历史背景 1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
Useful Expressions
building the high wall, storing more grain and postponing to take the throne 高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王
took the throne as the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty 登基成为明代第一位皇帝
1.2 明城墙的历史背景 1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
After Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the city of Nanjing, his gifted scholar and adviser named Zhu Sheng suggested “building the high wall, storing more grain and postponing to take the throne”. So Zhu Yuanzhang started the construction of the city wall since 1366 and took the throne as the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty two years later.
More than 200,000 people from Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces were employed on the project. But many of them lost their lives over the project during 20 years.
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
2. Construction of Ming City Wall
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Part Two Detailed Information
2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
Useful Expressions
rectangular 矩形的
was built according to the natural topography of the city 按照城市的自然地势建造
were all employed to strengthen the fortification of the city 都用来加强城市的防御
was 35.276 kilometers in circumference and 14.21 meters high on average 周长35.276公里，平均高度14.21米
is made of granite or rectangular slabs of lime stone 由花岗岩或者矩形石条砌成
2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
Unlike the traditional city walls, which were rectangular, this wall was built according to the natural topography of the city. Natural barriers, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes were all employed to strengthen the fortification of the city. In this way the emperor also saved much labor force. The wall was 35.276 kilometers in circumference and 14.21 meters high on average. The wall is 14 meters wide at its base, great part of which is made of granite or rectangular slabs of lime stone, and the main body of the wall is laid with bricks. The construction of the city wall started in 1366 and completed in 1386. Its total length is 35.267 kilometers. Only 25.09 kilometers of the wall still remains today. It is the most ancient city wall still standing in China and in the world as a whole.
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
Useful Expressions
came from the revenues of rich families in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces 城墙建造资金大多来自江浙地区的有钱人家
More than 200,000 civilian workers and craftsmen 2000多个民工和匠人
45 centimeters long, 20 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters thick with a weight of 15 kilograms 每块砖头45厘米长、20厘米宽，重15公斤
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
Useful Expressions
4.a mortar of lime mixed with tung oil and glutinous rice gruel 由石灰、桐油和糯米糊混合而成的砂浆
5.indicate when, where and by whom the brick was made as well as the name of the supervision official 注明制砖的时间、地点和制砖人，以及监督官员的姓名
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
For building the city wall, Zhu Yuanzhang spent gold totaling 2400kg, most of which came from the revenues of rich families in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. More than 200,000 civilian workers and craftsmen were employed on the project. And a total of 350 million bricks were used. They constitute the biggest group of brick records ever found in China. Each brick is huge and heavy, 45 centimeters long, 20 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters thick with a weight of 15 kilograms.
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
The bricks were cemented in with a mortar of lime mixed with tung oil and glutinous rice gruel. In order to guarantee the quality of the wall, Zhu Yuanzhang had tight control over the making of all bricks. Walk closer and you’ll find there are characters carved on the bricks, which indicate when, where and by whom the brick was made as well as the name of the supervision official. In case a brick was found not up to the standard, all of them would be severely punished. Therefore, most parts of the wall are still in good condition.
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
3. Present Situation of Ming City Wall
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Part Two Detailed Information
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
Useful Expressions
a cultural unit under the state protection 国家重点文化保护单位
used to have 24 gates and 13 of them are original ones from the Ming Dynasty 以前有24个城门，其中13个是明代的原始城门
is listed among the preservation list of monuments and historical sites approved by the State Council 被列入国务院批准的古迹保护名录
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
Useful Expressions
4.was listed into preliminary World Cultural Heritage in November, 2015 2015年11月被列入世界文化遗产预备名录
5.was included into the track of New Year’s Day long-distance race 被列入元旦长跑赛道
6.part of the National Fitness Program in Nanjing 南京市全民健身计划的一部分
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
Currently, the city wall is a cultural unit under the state protection. The city wall used to have 24 gates and 13 of them are original ones from the Ming Dynasty. The rest were rebuilt or added for traffic purpose later on. Nowadays, the City Wall of Nanjing is listed among the preservation list of monuments and historical sites approved by the State Council. Leading the project of “City Walls of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”, Nanjing City Wall was listed into preliminary World Cultural Heritage in November, 2015.
3.1 明城墙的修复 3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
The same year, it was included into the track of New Year’s Day long-distance race, which is part of the National Fitness Program in Nanjing. There are a lot of tourism activities related to the city wall. You can take a visit of the whole city wall by riding a motorcycle.
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
4. Zhonghua Gate Castle
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Part Two Detailed Information
4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
Useful Expressions
the most magnificent city gate of the whole 13 city gates 13座城门中最宏伟的城门
was formerly called the Treasure Bowl Gate 原名聚宝门
a treasure bowl 聚宝盆
was renamed as Zhonghua Gate in 1931 1931年更名为中华门
the three characters “Zhong Hua Men” were written by Chiang Kaishek 中华门这三个字是蒋介石所写
4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
Now, we are inside the Zhonghua Gate castle, the most magnificent city gate of the whole 13 city gates built along the wall. Zhonghua Gate is the largest, and the local people usually call it “Weng Cheng” meaning trapping city or jar city. The gate was formerly called the Treasure Bowl Gate, which is connected with an interesting story. According to the legend, when the gate was built, the ground kept sinking, and it collapsed again and again.
4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
From his prime minister, the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang heard that a man named Shen Wansan became very rich because of a treasure bowl. It’s said that the treasure bowl could keep the gate safe. Therefore the emperor ordered to get the treasure bowl. The imperial court dispatched people to cheat Shen Wansan out of the treasure bowl and buried it under the ground. The gate was finally built up. From then on, the gate was called Jubao Gate. In Chinese it means treasure bowl. It was renamed as Zhonghua Gate in 1931 and the three characters “Zhong Hua Men” were written by Chiang Kaishek.
4.2 地理位置重要
4.2 地理位置重要
4.2 地理位置重要
Useful Expressions
was also of great strategic importance 也具有重要的战略意义
Located by the southern bank of the lower Yangtze River 位于长江下游南岸
the only capital of ancient China that had ever been built to the south of the Yangtze River中国古代唯一建在江南的都城
4.2 地理位置重要
Zhonghua Gate as well as the city wall was also of great strategic importance. Located by the southern bank of the lower Yangtze River, it was built to protect the only capital of ancient China that had ever been built to the south of the Yangtze River.
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
Useful Expressions
1.extends 129m from the north to the south and 118m from the east to the west 南北长129米，东西长118米
2.covering an area of 16,512 square meters 占地面积16512平方米
3.are connected by four arched gates 由四个拱形大门连接
4.forming a pattern in the shape of the Chinese character of eye 形成汉字“目”的形状
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
Zhonghua Gate extends 129m from the north to the south and 118m from the east to the west, covering an area of 16,512 square meters. Three barbicans are connected by four arched gates, forming a pattern in the shape of the Chinese character of eye.
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
5. Weng Cheng
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Part Two Detailed Information
5.1 瓮城的构造 5.2 千斤闸简介
5.1 瓮城的构造 5.2 千斤闸简介
5.1 瓮城的构造 5.2 千斤闸简介
Useful Expressions
Covering an area of 15,168 square meters 占地15168平方米
another vertically sliding stone door, 23 centimeters thick, weighing 500kg 另一扇垂直滑动的石门，厚23厘米，重500公斤
could be lifted and dropped vertically with the help of a mechanical winch 可以借助千斤闸垂直升降
Beating dogs behind a closed door 关门打狗
5.1 瓮城的构造 5.2 千斤闸简介
Covering an area of 15,168 square meters, 20 meters high, the gate castle has 4 entrances with doors. Here are 3 concave sections. In ancient times, the enemies could be trapped in the open area. At each entrance, there is a wooden door, behind which is another vertically sliding stone door, 23 centimeters thick, weighing 500kg, which could be lifted and dropped vertically with the help of a mechanical winch, but all are gone today except for the grooves. If enemy troops broke through the first wooden door, they would be separated and trapped inside by the dropping of the other 3 stone doors. Then they would be killed by thousands of soldiers rushing out before understanding what was going on. This strategy is known in China as a proverb “Beating dogs behind a closed door”.
5.3 藏兵洞简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
Useful Expressions
hold 3,000 soldiers with the supply of food, water and ammunition for one month 容纳3000名士兵，和一个月的食物、水和弹药
is kept at 22 degrees centigrade all the year round 一年四季都保持在22摄氏度
two paved ramps by which mounted troops can ride to the top 两条坡道，骑兵可以通过这两条坡道到城墙上面
a huge tri-eaved and gable-roofed watch tower 一座巨大的三檐歇山顶瞭望塔
was destroyed by the Japanese invaders in 1937 1937年被日本侵略者摧毁
5.3 藏兵洞简介
Look, the highlight here is its 27 tunnels, which are large enough to hold 3,000 soldiers with the supply of food, water and ammunition for one month. As all the tunnels are built deep into the castle, the indoor temperature is kept at 22 degrees centigrade all the year round like natural air-conditioning.
There are two paved ramps by which mounted troops can ride to the top. On the top there used to be a huge tri-eaved and gable-roofed watch tower, but it was destroyed by the Japanese invaders in 1937.
ZHONHUA GATE 中华门
6. Related Information
序号 名称 景点内容要点
1 景点概况 1.1 南京城池的历史沿革
1.2 明城墙的历史背景
1.3 明城墙的形制和特点
2 明建都城 2.1 明城墙的建造时间、规模、特点
2.2 建城资金、工匠和城砖的来源和特色
3 明城墙的现状 3.1 明城墙的修复
3.2 明城墙的保护与旅游活动
4 中华门城堡 4.1 聚宝门得名和中华门得名
4.2 地理位置重要
4.3 一城三瓮的格局及城堡的形状、规模
5 城门瓮城 5.1 瓮城的构造
5.2 千斤闸简介
5.3 藏兵洞简介
6 其他 6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争
6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Part Two Detailed Information
6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争 6.2 中华门城堡的意义
6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争 6.2 中华门城堡的意义
6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争 6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Useful Expressions
has weathered wind and rain for 600 years 经历了600年的风风雨雨
the War of Defending Nanjing during the reign of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天国时期的南京保卫战
the War of Defending Zhonghua City Gate during the Anti-Japanese War for guarding Nanjing 抗战时期保卫南京的中华城门保卫战
6.1 中华门城堡发生的战争 6.2 中华门城堡的意义
Zhonghua Gate, or the Gate of China, has weathered wind and rain for 600 years. It witnessed many wars in the history, including the War of Defending Nanjing during the reign of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the War of Defending Zhonghua City Gate during the Anti-Japanese War for guarding Nanjing and so on.
Our trip is drawing to a close. We may walk along the horse ramp to the top of the wall and have a bird’s eye-view of Nanjing City. Have fun!
thank you!

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