资源简介

(共61张PPT)
Dr. SunYatsen’s Mausoleum
中山陵
Main Contents
Major Elements
Words & Expressions
Part One
General Knowledge
Main Contents
Part Two
Detailed Information
1. General Introduction
2. The Square and Boai Gateway
3. Entrance Tower and Tablet Pavilion
4. Memorial Hall and Tomb Chamber
景点概况 1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区； 1.2 墓址选定； 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点；
1.4 孙中山生平； 1.5 奉安大典
陵前部分 2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及 正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
陵门、碑亭 3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
祭堂、墓室 4.1 祭堂前平台介绍
4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地正气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
4.3 祭堂内布局：色彩、十二根黑大理 石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、 内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
4.5 墓室门简介
Part One General Knowledge
1. Major Elements
Questions for Better Understanding
1.What is the Filial Piety
2.What are the functions of memorial archway/gateway of ancient building
3.What is the origin of “The World Belongs to the Public”
4.Who wrote the characters on the tombstone
5.What can we see on the fifth platform
6.Who is sculptor of the sitting statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen
7.What are the 6 pieces of carvings about on the base of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s sitting statue
Questions for Better Understanding
8.What is the effect and intention of black marble in Memorial Hall
9.Can you describe the lintel of the Coffin Chamber briefly？
10.Can you please give a brief description about Coffin Chamber
11.How can we know about the construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum and the Grand Funeral
12.What is the symbolic meaning of the shape of the whole mausoleum
13.Why did Dr. Sun Yat-sen choose the Purple Mountain as his tomb site
Questions for Better Understanding
14.How much do you know about Lv Yanzhi
15.What is the main content of the Three People’s Principles and the Five Power Constitution
16.What is the content of the New Three People’s Principles
17.What was the three wills dictated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen before he passed away
forerunner / 'f :r n (r) / n. 先驱
democratic / dem 'kr tik / adj. 民主的
sponsor /'sp ns / v. 发起；主办；倡议
ingeniously /in'd i:nj sli / adv. 设计独特地，灵巧地
physician / fi'zi n / n. 医生
doctrine / 'd ktrin / n. 信条；（宗教的）教义
corrupt / k 'r pt / adj. 腐败的
monarchy /'m n ki / n. 君主政体，君主制
Part One General Knowledge
2. Words & Expressions (1)
provisional /pr 'vi nl / adj. 暂时的，暂定的，临时的
resign /ri'zain / v. 辞职；引退
alliance / 'lai ns / n. 联盟，同盟
memorial /mi'm :ri l / n. 纪念物，纪念碑
axis /' ksis / n. 轴线
semilunar /semi'lu:n / adj. 半月形的
octagonal / k't g nl / adj. 八边形的,八角形的
eave /i:v / n. 屋檐
motto /'m t u / n. 座右铭
epitaph /'epitɑ:f / n. 墓志铭,碑文
2. Words & Expressions (1)
panorama / p n 'rɑ:m / n. 全景，全貌
emblem / 'embl m / n. 象征，徽章
gown /gaun / n. 长袍，长外衣
recline / ri'klain / v. 靠在,斜倚
harmonious / hɑ:'m uni s / adj. 和谐的；谐调的
rational / 'r nl / adj. 理性的；合理的
cypress / 'saipris / n. 柏树
dignified / 'dignifaid / adj. 有尊严的，高贵的
2. Words & Expressions (1)
liberty bell 自由钟
Nationalism, Democratic Rights and People’s Livelihood 民族、民权、民生
Mausoleum Gate 陵门
Tablet Pavilion 碑亭
Memorial Hall 祭堂
Coffin Chamber 墓室
Administrative Bureau 行政院
architectural complex 建筑群
2. Words & Expressions (2)
sculpted relief 浮雕
Purple Mountain 紫金山
Cornell University 康奈尔大学
2. Words & Expressions (2)
景点概况 1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区； 1.2 墓址选定； 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点；1.4 孙中山生平； 1.5 奉安大典
陵前部分 2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及 正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
陵门、碑亭 3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
祭堂、墓室 4.1 祭堂前平台介绍
4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地正气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
4.3 祭堂内布局：色彩、十二根黑大理 石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、 内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
4.5 墓室门简介
Part Two Detailed Information
1. General Introduction
Part Two Detailed Information
1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5a级景区
Useful Expressions
1. the great forerunner of Chinese democratic revolution 中国民主革命的伟大先行者
2. It is situated at...... 它坐落于
3. Purple Mountain 紫金山
4. 40 Best Tourist Attractions in China 中国旅游胜地四十佳
5. National 5A Tourist Attractions 国家5A级景区
Good morning, everyone. Today we’re going to visit Dr. Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum. It is the mausoleum of the great forerunner of Chinese democratic revolution—Dr. Sun Yatsen. It is situated at the southern slope of the Purple Mountain. The construction of the mausoleum started in 1926, and was completed in 1929. The mausoleum has been regarded as one of “the 40 best tourist attractions in China”, and was ratified one of the National 5A Tourist Attractions by China National Tourism Administration.
1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5a级景区
1.2 墓址选定 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点
Useful Expressions
1. chief architect and engineer 总建筑工程师
2. integrated Chinese architectural elements with those of western 将中西方建筑元素融合
3. in the shape of 以...形状
4.remind people never to get conceited 警示后人不能骄傲自满
Part Two Detailed Information
After Dr. Sun Yatsen’s death the funeral committee decided the location of the tomb according to Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s wishes. Then a competition was sponsored for design of his mausoleum. A young architect named Lv Yanzhi won the competition and worked as the chief architect and engineer for the project. Lv Yanzhi graduated from Tsinghua University, majoring in architecture. After that, he went to Cornell University to further his study. Because of his educational background, he ingeniously integrated Chinese architectural
1.2 墓址选定 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点
elements with those of western in his design. He designed the mausoleum in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to remind people never to get conceited. He worked very hard and unfortunately died before the mausoleum was completed.
1.2 墓址选定 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点
Part Two Detailed Information
Part Two Detailed Information
1.4 孙中山生平 1.5 奉安大典
Useful Expressions
1. China Revolutionary League 中华同盟会
2. the doctrine of the Three People’s Principles 三民主义
3. brought down the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty
推翻了清政府的腐朽统治
4. feudal monarchy 封建王朝
5.president of the provisional government of the Republic of China
中华民国临时大总统
1.4 孙中山生平 1.5 奉安大典
Useful Expressions
6. Movement against Yuan Shikai 讨袁运动
7. alliance with Russia, cooperation with the Communist Party
and assistance to peasants and workers 联俄、连共、扶农助工
9. Grand Funeral 奉安大典
Dr. Sun Yatsen was also called Sun Wen or Sun Zhongshan. He was born into a poor peasant family in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. When he was young, he studied abroad, and graduated in medicine in 1892. Then he worked as a physician. Being a doctor, he couldn’t cure the nation, so he turned to politics in 1893. In 1905, China Revolutionary League was founded in Tokyo under his leadership. He put forward the doctrine of the Three People’s Principles, namely, Nationalism, Democratic Rights and People’s Livelihood, as his political theoretical basis.
1.4 孙中山生平 1.5 奉安大典
After the 1911 Revolution, Chinese people brought down the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and ended the feudal monarchy of over 2,000 years. Dr. Sun Yatsen was elected president of the provisional government of the Republic of China. However, he resigned on Apr. 1st, 1912. After that, he launched Movement against Yuan Shikai. In Jan. 1924, he put forward the three great policies of “alliance with Russia, cooperation with the Communist Party and assistance to peasants and workers”. Unfortunately, he died of liver cancer at the age of 59. The Grand Funeral was held on June 1st, 1929.
1.4 孙中山生平 1.5 奉安大典
景点概况 1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区； 1.2 墓址选定； 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点1.4 孙中山生平； 1.5 奉安大典
陵前部分 2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及 正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
陵门、碑亭 3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
祭堂、墓室 4.1 祭堂前平台介绍
4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地正气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
4.3 祭堂内布局：色彩、十二根黑大理 石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、 内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
4.5 墓室门简介
Part Two Detailed Information
2. The Square and Boai Gateway
Part Two Detailed Information
Part Two Detailed Information
2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
Useful Expressions
1. Mausoleum Gate, Tablet Pavilion, Memorial Hall and Coffin Chamber 陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室
2. lies on the north-south axis 位于南北中轴线之上
3. natural granite and marbles 天然花岗岩和大理石
4. blue-glazed tile 蓝色琉璃瓦
5.octagonal stone platform 八角形石台
2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
Useful Expressions
6. Bronze Treasured Tripod 紫铜三足鼎（孝经鼎）
7. universal fraternity 博爱
The park of mausoleum covers an area of over 133 hectares. The whole architecture, from the Gateway to Mausoleum Gate, Tablet Pavilion, Memorial Hall and Coffin Chamber, lies on the north-south axis. There are 392 steps and 10 platforms in between. The buildings are all built with natural granite and marbles and covered by blue-glazed tile roofs.
First, we come to the square in front of the mausoleum. The square is at the southern end of Dr. Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum, and the semilunar form is the bottom of the bell. To the south of the square, there is an octagonal stone platform. We can see the Bronze Treasured Tripod there.
2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
Now in front of us is an arch gate, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide. Two Chinese characters in Dr. Sun’s handwriting can be seen, meaning universal fraternity. Therefore, it is also called “Boai Gateway”. The two characters “Boai” originate from an article by Han Yu, a great literator in the Tang Dynasty.
2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
Part Two Detailed Information
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
Useful Expressions
1. tomb avenue 墓道
2. is lined with pine, gingko and maple trees 两侧植有雪松、银杏和红枫
3. stone figures of person and animals 石人和石兽
4. the spirit of Dr. Sun Yatsen is perpetual as the pine trees
孙中山先生 的精神如松柏长青
The 480-m-long and 40 meter wide tomb avenue, which is lined with pine, gingko and maple trees, leads to the mausoleum gate tower. In ancient mausoleum, the avenue is always flanked with stone figures of person and animals. This one is different. This indicates that the spirit of Dr. Sun Yatsen is perpetual as the pine trees.
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
景点概况 1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区； 1.2 墓址选定； 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点1.4 孙中山生平； 1.5 奉安大典
陵前部分 2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及 正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
陵门、碑亭 3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
祭堂、墓室 4.1 祭堂前平台介绍
4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地正气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
4.3 祭堂内布局：色彩、十二根黑大理 石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、 内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
4.5 墓室门简介
Part Two Detailed Information
3. Entrance Tower and Tablet Pavilion
Part Two Detailed Information
3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
Useful Expressions
1. single-eaved and gable-roofed 单檐歇山式
2. the World Belongs to the Public 天下为公
3. The Book of Rites 《礼记》
Now we come to the mausoleum gate tower. In front of it, there is an open cement platform 70 meters in width flanked by lawns. The entrance tower is single-eaved and gable-roofed with blue glazed tiles. The surface of it is similar to square and it is completely made of Granite from Fujian.The roof is also covered by blue-glazed tiles. Under the front eave of the tower, we can see Dr. Sun Yatsen’s motto “the World Belongs to the Public”. The words are quoted from The Book of Rites.
3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
Part Two Detailed Information
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
Useful Expressions
1. tombstone engraved with 24 Chinese characters
刻有24个大字的石碑
2. Premier Dr. Sun is buried here by the Chinese Kuomintang on June 1st, 1929 中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此，中华民国十八年六月一日
3. former chief of the Administrative Bureau 原国民政府行政院院长
4. party emblem 党徽
Now we can see the Tablet Pavilion which houses a huge tombstone engraved with 24 Chinese characters meaning Premier Dr. Sun is buried here by the Chinese Kuomintang on June 1st, 1929. The tombstone is 8.1 meters (about 29 feet) high and 4 meters (about 13 feet) wide without an epitaph on the back of the stone, as people think that there are no words capable of describing this giant of modern China. The characters were written by Mr. Tan Yankai, the former chief of the Administrative Bureau.The party emblem was carved on the top of the tablet, stressing the importance of party funeral.
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
Part Two Detailed Information
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介
Useful Expressions
1. there are eight flights of 290 steps with each having a large platform in between 这段石阶共290层，分为八段，每段间均有平台相隔
2. Three People’s Principles 三民主义
3. the Five Power Constitution 五权宪法
From the Tablet Pavilion to the Memorial Hall there are eight flights of 290 steps with each having a large platform in between. The three flights on the top part imply “the Three People’s Principles” and the five flights on the lower represent“the Five Power Constitution”.
Now we are at the top, and you can get a very beautiful panorama of the whole area. When you look down, all the steps suddenly disappear. Each step covers the other, because the designer well calculated the slope of it. On the fifth platform there are two bronze tripods. They are the special presents from Shanghai government for the Grand Funeral of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. There is a big hole in one of the tripods, which was damaged by Japanese during the war time.
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介
the Three People’s Principles
the Five Power Constitution
景点概况 1.1 地理位置、建陵时间、5A级景区； 1.2 墓址选定； 1.3 中山陵的设计者及设计特点1.4 孙中山生平； 1.5 奉安大典
陵前部分 2.1 博爱坊的建筑特色，高度、宽度及 正中匾额的“博爱”题字及出处
2.2 墓道的长度、宽度及特点
陵门、碑亭 3.1 陵门前广场简介 3.2 陵门的建筑特点，“天下为公”匾额题字及出处
3.3 碑亭的形状、建筑特点，碑的高度、特点和碑上的题字
3.4 台阶与八大平台简介：包括台阶和平台的数量、寓意，第五层和顶层平台的重要陈设
祭堂、墓室 4.1 祭堂前平台介绍
4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地正气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
4.3 祭堂内布局：色彩、十二根黑大理 石柱、东西墙裙的《建国大纲》、 内顶党徽图案及孙中山坐像
4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
4.5 墓室门简介
Part Two Detailed Information
4. Memorial Hall and Tomb Chamber
Part Two Detailed Information
4.1 祭堂前平台介绍 4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地之气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
Useful Expressions
1. palatial architecture 宫殿式建筑
2. double-eaved and gable-roofed 重檐歇山式
3. Nationalism, Democracy and People’s Livelihood 民权、民主、民生
4. vertical plaque 直额
5. the healthy tendency is bound to prevail over the world 天地正气
The Memorial Hall stands 73.33 meters above the ground. It is a palatial architecture in an imitation of an ancient wood structure. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meters high. The hall is double-eaved and gable-roofed by blue-glazed tiles with 3 arched doors. On the lintel of the doors are 6 Chinese characters, namely “Nationalism, Democracy and People’s Livelihood”. A vertical plaque under the eave is inscribed with 4 characters written in Dr. Sun’s handwriting, meaning “The healthy tendency is bound to prevail over the world”.
4.1 祭堂前平台介绍 4.2 祭堂的建筑特点和规模、“天地之气”直额及三拱门上的“民族、民生、民权”题字
Part Two Detailed Information
4.3 祭堂内布局 4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
Useful Expressions
1.is paved by black Yunnan marble 铺以云南黑色大理石
2. is inlaid with mosaic emblem of the KMT Party 用马赛克镶嵌的国民党党徽
3.outline of national reconstruction 《建国大纲》
4. sculpted relief 浮雕
5. revolutionary activities 革命活动
4.3 祭堂内布局 4.4 坐像基座六幅石雕
The floor of the hall is paved by black Yunnan marble and the ceiling is inlaid with mosaic emblem of the KMT Party. On the west and east walls there is the engraved full text of the “outline of national reconstruction”. In the middle of the hall, we can see a 4.6-meter-high Italian white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yatsen. He wears a long gown, facing forward an open book on his lap, demonstrating the wisdom of the great thinker. On the bases of the statue, there are six sculpted reliefs exhibiting Dr. Sun Yatsen’s glorious life and revolutionary activities in vivid pictures.
Part Two Detailed Information
4.5 墓室门简介
Useful Expressions
1.vault-framed tomb chamber 穹隆状墓室
2. double-leaf door 两扇对开门
3.Imperishable Noble Spirit 浩气长存
4. single-leaf door 单扇门
5. The Tomb of Dr. Sun Yatsen 孙中山先生之墓
4.5 墓室门简介
Beyond the memorial hall is a vault-framed tomb chamber 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters in height. The hall and the chamber communicated with each other through two successive doors. The outer one is a double-leaf door made of copper. The door frame is built by black marble with 4 Chinese characters carved on its lintel, meaning “Imperishable Noble Spirit”. The inner is a single-leaf door also made of copper, on which “The Tomb of Dr. Sun Yatsen” is carved.
The whole mausoleum is a combination of Chinese and Western
4.5 墓室门简介
architectural styles, solemn and respectful. And the layout is harmonious and rational. With pine trees and cypresses growing around, the mausoleum looks magnificent and dignified. Being the most favored highlight, Dr. Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum attracts thousands of visitors every day.
Thank you!

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