资源简介

(共72张PPT)
Module 12 Tour of Historic Buildings
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Key Points
Highlight the characteristics and cultural elements of the famous historic buildings and constructions
Difficult Points
Summarize the main features of the historic buildings and constructions
Key Points and Difficult Points
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Task 1 A Trip to the Forbidden City
Task 2 A Trip to the Confucian Temple
CONTENTS
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Task 1 A Trip to the Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors
and Horses
Task 4 A Trip to the Potala Palace
Ⅰ Warming up
Listen and match
the Hall of Supreme Harmony the Hall of Central Harmony the Hall of Preserving Harmony Palace of Heavenly Purity the Hall of Union and Peace the Palace of Earthly Tranquility
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Task 1 A Trip to the Palace Museum
Brainstorming
What information do you know about the Forbidden City
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居中向阳，位当子午，故名午门；坐北朝南的是天子，正南方向的午门，就是紫禁城里最尊贵的大门。
the Meridian Gate
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在明清时期，午门虽设而常关，它也时常静静伫立在城市的中轴线，接受万人的跪拜。这里是皇帝颁布诏书的地方；立春时节，帝王也会在此赐春饼；端午到了，在这里赐凉糕；重阳佳节，就在这里赐花糕。每年的农历十月一日，也会在午门颁发次年历书。每年的腊月初一，要在午门举行颁布次年历书的“颁朔”典礼。遇有重大战争，大军凯旋，要在午门举行向皇帝敬献战俘的“献俘礼”。
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the Hall of Supreme Harmony
太和殿俗称金銮殿，为汉族宫殿建筑之精华，东方三大殿之一。中国现存最大的木结构大殿。位于北京紫禁城(故宫)南北主轴线的显要位置，
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中和殿是北京故宫外朝三大殿之一，位于紫禁城太和殿、保和殿之间。是皇帝去太和殿大典之前休息的地方，并接受执事官员的朝拜的地方。
the Hall of Central Harmony
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the Hall of Preserving Harmony
保和殿于明清两代用途不同，明朝大典前皇帝常常在此更衣，册立皇后、皇太子时，皇帝在此殿受贺。
乾隆五十四年(1789年)殿试地点由太和殿移到保和殿。
How to describe the Forbidden City
It has a long history of over 800 years. Located in the middle of Beijing, it now houses the Palace Museum.
For almost five centuries, it was the home of the Emperor and his household. It was also the political center of Chinese government. It is really a must for any tour group coming to Beijing.
It has 9,900 bays of rooms under a total roof area of 150,000 square meters. It is the largest and most well preserved imperial residence in China.
It is divided into two parts – the Outer Court for national affairs in the south and the Inner Court as living quarters in the north.
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How to describe the Forbidden City
It is not only an immense architectural masterpiece, but also a treasury housing a unique collection of 1.8 million pieces of art, including ancient calligraphy and painting, imperial artifacts, ancient books and archives.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony was where 24 emperors during Ming and Qing dynasties were enthroned.
The Hall of Central Harmony was the place where the emperor took a break before the ceremony and do a pre-exercise.
The Hall of Preserving Harmony was used for Chinese New Year banquets and royal weddings.
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Ⅲ Exercises
Match the following Chinese with the correct English versions.
f (2) a (3) i (4) b (5) d
(6) j (7) c (8) e (9) g (10) h
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2.Translate the following Chinese into English.
故宫位于北京市中心，也称“紫禁城”。
故宫曾居住过24个皇帝，是明清两代（公元1368～1911年）的皇宫，现辟为“故宫博物院”。
故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积达72万多平方米。
一条中轴贯通着整个故宫，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。
故宫主要建筑是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地方。
太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，是现存中国古代建筑中最高大的建筑，是封建皇权的象征。
故宫的正门叫“午门”，俗称五凤楼。午门是皇帝下诏书、下令出征的地方。
故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6。
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(1) The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, also known as the “Forbidden City”.
(2) There were 24 emperors living in the Palace Museum. It was the palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1911). Now it is the Palace Museum.
(3) The palace buildings in the Forbidden City are the largest and most complete ancient buildings in China, with a total area of more than 720,000 square meters.
(4) A central axis runs through the whole Forbidden City, and this central axis is on the central axis of Beijing city.
(5) The main buildings of the Palace Museum are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. The Hall of Preserving Harmony is also the place where the imperial examination was held.
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(6) The Hall of Supreme Harmony is located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City. It is the tallest building in the existing ancient Chinese architecture and the symbol of feudal imperial power.
(7) The main gate of the Forbidden City is called “Meridian Gate”, commonly known as Wufeng building. The Meridian Gate was the place where the emperor issued an imperial edict and gave orders to go to war.
(8) There are a large number of precious cultural relics in the Palace Museum. According to statistics, there are 1,052,653 pieces in total, including 1 million cultural relics, accounting for 1 / 6 of the total number of cultural relics in China.
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3.Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and expressions.
The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is located in the city center of Beijing, and was once the Chinese imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 -1911). It was listed as the World Heritage Site in 1987 and is the largest, best-preserved ancient timber-built palace complex in the world.
Constructed between 1406 and 1420, the Forbidden City was home to 24 emperors and their families and acted as the ceremonial and political center of ancient Chinese government throughout 500 years. Rectangular in shape, the Forbidden City is enormous, covering an area of 72 hectares. For comparison, the Forbidden City is four times the size of the Taj Mahal of India (18 hectares), which is mainly composed of gardens. Here the Forbidden City, with a multitude of palaces, has a building area even larger than that of the Palace of Versailles in France (11 hectares).

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Ⅰ Warming up
Listen and match
Lingxing Gate Apricot Altar Kuiwen Pavilion Thirteen Imperial Stele Pavilion
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Task 2 A Trip to the Confucian Temple, Qufu
Brainstorming
What information do you know about the Confucian Temple, Qufu
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Altar of Apricot
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How to describe Confucius and Confucianism
Confucius was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. His ideology was developed to the influential Confucianism, which has had the most enduring and profound effect over Chinese culture.
Confucius (551-479 BC) is the master of Chinese culture and the founder of Confucianism.
He founded the first private school in the history of Chinese education. He opened the door of school to ordinary people and broke the monopoly of education by the nobles.
“In my classroom there is no class difference.” That is why Confucius was called the teacher of teachers, the teacher for all ages.
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How to describe Confucius and Confucianism
He has been regarded as China’s Socrates or Plato.
His thoughts were mainly collected in The Analects. This book was edited by his disciples after his death. It reflected Confucius’ political thoughts and ethical thinking. It has been called Chinese people’s Bible, one of the most quoted books in Chinese classics.
His thoughts and teachings were highly valued by the Chinese people and they formed the foundation of Confucianism. Confucianism has provided an great system of practical ethics for the people of China and has had a great influence on them up to the present day.
His teachings held that men should develop the virtues, kindliness, tolerance and respect for older people and ancestors.
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How to describe Confucius and Confucianism
Ren is the most important concept in Confucius’ thought and the central core of his philosophy. Ren means good relationship between two persons or among people.
“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. This is Ren.” “Ren is to love other men, to love the people extensively. ” “My dream to attain ren is that the aged live an easy life, friends have faith in each other and children be well cared.” To sum up, Ren is in nature to get a harmonious human relations.
He taught that human nature was good, not bad. If men would think and act properly, he believed, most evils would disappear.
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How to describe the Confucian Temple
As Qufu is the hometown of Confucius, the Confucian Temple here is the most famous and the largest temple of its kind in the memory of the sage. Together with the Summer Palace in Beijing and the Mountain Resort of Chengde, it is one of the three largest ancient architectural complexes in China.
The Confucian Temple is the temple to worship Confucius. People began to build the temple the second year after Confucius’ death.
The Confucian Temple imitates the imperial palace’s construction. It is divided into 9 courtyards. There are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1,000 stone tables. It is really magnificent and worth a visit.
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How to describe the Temple of Confucius
The Confucian Temple in Qufu wins its fame not only for its grandness, but also for the rich cultural relics. The 2,100 pieces of steles from various dynasties make a fine exhibition of calligraphy and stone sculpture.
The buildings are divided into three parts. The central part is for offering sacrifices to Confucius and other scholars and sages. The eastern part is for sacrifices to his ancestors, while the west is for his parents.
Dacheng Hall is 24.8 meters high on a base of 21 meters, and is the highest building in the Temple in China.
The Apricot Altar was built to commemorate Confucius’ lecture.
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Ⅲ Exercises
Match the following Chinese with the correct English versions.
b (2) e (3) g (4) h (5) f
(6) a (7) i (8) j (9) d (10) c
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2.Translate the following Chinese into English.
(1)曲阜孔庙是祭祀中国古代著名思想家和教育家孔子的祠庙。
(2)曲阜孔庙始建于公元前478年，历代增修扩建。
(3)现存的建筑群绝大部分是明、清两代完成的，前后九进院落。
(4)曲阜孔庙被建筑学家梁思成称为世界建筑史上的"孤例"。
(5)大成殿是孔庙的主体建筑，历朝历代皇帝的重大祭孔活动就在大殿里举行。
(6)棂星门是孔庙的大门。古代传说棂星是天上的文星，以此命名寓有国家人才辈出之意，因此古代帝王祭天时首先祭棂星，祭祀孔子规格也如同祭天。
(7)奎文阁位于孔庙的中部，是藏书的一座楼阁。
(8)孔庙的杏坛相传是孔子讲学之所，在大成殿前的院落正中。
(9)曲阜孔庙不但是中国古代举行祭孔活动的场所，同时也是传承孔子思想、进行文化教育传播的学校。
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(1) The Confucian Temple in Qufu is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.
(2) The Confucian Temple in Qufu was built in 478 B.C.
(3) Most of the existing buildings were completed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties with nine courtyards.
(4) The Confucian Temple in Qufu is called an “isolated example” in the history of world architecture by architect Liang Sicheng.
(5) Dacheng Hall is the main building of Confucius Temple, in which the major sacrificial activities of emperors of all dynasties were held.
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(6) Lingxing Gate is the gate of the Confucian Temple. In ancient times it was believed that Lingxing is the literary star in the sky, and its name implies that there were many talented people in the country. Therefore, the ancient emperors first offer sacrifice to Lingxing when offering sacrifices to heaven, and the standard of offering sacrifices to Confucius is also like offering sacrifices to heaven.
(7) Kuiwen Pavilion is located in the middle of the Confucian Temple, which is a pavilion for collecting books.
(8) Located in the middle of the courtyard in front of Dacheng hall, the Apricot Altar of the Confucian Temple is said to be the place where Confucius lectured.
(9) The Confucian Temple in Qufu is not only a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius in ancient China, but also a school for inheriting Confucius thought and spreading culture and education.
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3.Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and expressions.
The temple, cemetery and family mansion of Confucius, the great philosopher, politician and educator of the 6th–5th centuries B.C., are located at Qufu, in Shandong Province. Built to commemorate him in 478 B.C., the temple has been rebuilt and reconstructed over the centuries; today it comprises more than 100 buildings. The cemetery includes Confucius’ tomb and the remains of more than 100,000 of his descendants. The small house of the Kong family developed into a gigantic aristocratic residence, of which 152 buildings remain. The Qufu complex of monuments has retained its outstanding artistic and historic character due to the devotion of successive Chinese governments over more than 2,000 years.
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Ⅰ Warming up
Listen and match
infantry crossbowman cavalry chariots
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Task 3 A Trip to the Museum of
Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Brainstorming
What information do you know about the Museum of
Terracotta Warriors and Horses
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How to describe the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
The Terracotta Army is no doubt a must-see for every visitor to Xi’an. It has been regarded as the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In March, 1974, several broken life-sized clay figures were found near Xi’an by nine farmers as they were digging a well. After the excavation, this grand underground military troop came to light again.
The Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum covers a total area of 56.25 square kilometers (13,900 acres), nearly 77 times larger than the Forbidden City.
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How to describe the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
There are four pits in total, and from three of them terracotta figures have been unearthed.
It is extremely difficult to find two similar figures in the three pits. Every soldier has his own facial features, which means there are 8,000 different faces in total.
The Bronze Chariots and Horses are regarded as King of Bronze Ware.
They are the largest and best preserved bronze chariots in China with a half size of the real imperial chariots of Qin Shi Huang.
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Ⅲ Exercises
Match the following Chinese with the correct English versions.
b (2) c (3) a (4) f (5) h
(6) d (7) e (8) g (9) j (10) i
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2.Translate the following Chinese into English.
(1)秦始皇兵马俑博物馆位于陕西省西安市临潼区，它是在兵马俑坑原址上建立的遗址类博物馆，也是中国最大的古代军事博物馆。
(2)兵马俑即用陶土制成兵马（战车、战马、士兵）形状的殉葬品。
(3)秦始皇兵马俑博物馆共有一、二、三号3个兵马俑坑。
(4)三座俑坑占地面积达2万多平方米，内有和真人、真马大小相似的陶俑、陶马近8000件。
(5)俑坑内有车兵、骑兵和步兵等不同的兵种，排列整齐有序。
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2.Translate the following Chinese into English.
(6)一号兵马俑坑内约埋藏陶俑、陶马6000件，同时还有大量的青铜兵器。
(7)二号兵马俑坑内埋藏陶俑、陶马1300余件。二号俑坑较一号俑坑的内容更丰富，兵种更齐全。
(8)三号俑坑的规模较小，坑内埋藏陶俑、陶马72件。
(9)1987年，秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑被联合国教科文组织批准列入《世界遗产名录》，并被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”。
(10)先后已有200多位国家领导人参观访问秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑，成为中国古代辉煌文明的一张金字名片。
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(1) Located in Lintong District, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty is a relic museum built on the original site of the pit of terracotta warriors and horses. It is also the largest ancient military museum in China.
(2) Terracotta warriors and horses (chariots, horses, soldiers) are sacrificial objects made of clay.
(3) There are three pits in the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.
(4) The three pits, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters, contain nearly 8,000 pottery figurines and horses similar in size to human beings and real horses.
(5) There are chariots, cavalry and infantry in the pit, which are arranged in order.
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(6) About 6,000 pottery figurines and horses, as well as a large number of bronze weapons, are buried in the pit.
(7) More than 1,300 pottery figurines and horses were buried in pit No. 2. Compared with pit No. 1, pit No. 2 has more abundant contents and more complete arms of the services.
(8) The pit No. 3 is small in scale, in which 72 pottery figurines and horses are buried.
(9) In 1987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Pits of Terracotta Warriors and Horses were approved by UNESCO to be listed in the world heritage list, and known as “the eighth wonder of the world”.
(10) More than 200 state leaders have visited the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Pits of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, which has become a golden card of ancient Chinese civilization.
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3.Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and expressions.
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Located in Lintong District of Xi’an, about 40 km from downtown, the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses is no doubt a must-visit spot/site for all tourists in Xi’an. This underground army remained undisturbed for over 2,200 years until its discovery in 1974 by local farmers by chance. No sooner than the news was spread, it has shocked the whole world.
The Terracotta Army has been proved to be a part of the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor in Chinese history. On one hand, it stands out of imperial tombs through all dynasties in terms of size, number of funerary pits, and variety of funerary objects. On the other hand, it shows the glorious lifetime of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. During Qin Shi Huang’s reign/rule from 246 to 210 BC, he had made great contribution like unifying the separate vassal states, commanding the construction of the Great Wall to defend against nomads, standardizing the measurement units and currencies.
Standing in front of the Terracotta Warriors, the vivid scene of the first emperor of China and his army conquering other states will come into your mind easily. You can imagine how Qin Shi Huang commanded the military forces to complete the amazing feat of unifying the country.
The Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum covers a total area of 56.25 square kilometers (13,900 acres), nearly 77 times larger than the Forbidden City. In 1987, Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum and the Terracotta Army were approved by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage and were hailed as the “eighth wonder in the world”. Archeologists also regard it as one of the greatest finds in the twentieth century.
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The Terracotta Army is not only a sketch of ancient Chinese military formation, but also a true epitome of the army in the Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 BC). Up till now, about 8,000 pottery warriors and horses have been found in total from the three pits of the Terracotta Army. They made up a huge military array consisting of different arrays such as chariots, cavalry and infantry. The terracotta warriors and horses, along with the unearthed bronze weapons, have provided concrete examples for many historical military puzzles such as the method of arranging military array, the establishment for the Qin army unit, and the weapons used by the Qin army.
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