资源简介

Unit 8 We’re trying to save the earth!
一、词性转换
Section A
1.litter → (v.) litter 2.wood → (adj.) wooden 3.harm → (adj.) harmful
4.science → (adj.) scientific 5.reuse → (adj) reusable 6.transport → (n.) transportation
Section B
7.inspire → (n.) inspiration 8.create → (n.) creativity / (adj.) creative
二、短语归纳
1.play a part in 在……中起作用；参与 2.not only…but also… 不但……而且……
3.no longer 不再 4.so far 到目前为止
5.take action 采取行动 6.cut down 砍倒；减少
7.help out 帮……解决困难 8.pay for 付费；付出代价
9.turn off 关掉 10.instead of 代替
11.lead to 导致；通向 12.be harmful to 对……有害
13.at the top of 在……顶部 14.clean up打扫干净
15.add up 总计；加起来 16.begin with 以……开始
17.set up 建立 18.be made from由……制成（看不出原材料）
19.be made of由……制成（看得出原材料） 20.take public transportation 乘坐公共交通工具
21.upside down 上下颠倒；倒转 22.be known for 因……闻名
23.win a prize 获奖 24.be good at擅长于
25.ride a bike 骑自行车 26.get worse and worse 越来越糟糕
27.throw away 扔掉；抛弃 28.pull down 拆下；拆毁
29.put……to good use 好好利用某物 30.bring back 恢复；使想起；归还
三、句型集萃
1.What are your ideas for… 关于……你有什么看法？
2.do A instead of doing B 做A而不做B
3.doing sth. can help 做某事有用
4.The number(s) of … have fallen by… ……的数量下降了……
5.a + adj.最高级 + n. 一个最……的……
6.sb. Isn’t the only one who … …不是唯一一个……的人
四、重点句子
1.There are other advantages of bike riding. 骑自行车还有其他的优点。
a)辨析other, another, the other, others与the others ★
other别的；另外的
We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。
another用于两者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，其所修饰的名词前不加冠词
I don’t want this one. Please give me another. 我不想要这个，请给我另一个。
the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分” ，是特指
She has two children. One is a boy, and the other is a girl.她有两个孩子，一个是男孩，另一个是女孩。
others 用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”
Some say “yes”, and others say “no”.有人说“是”，有人说“否”。
the others 指从整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部
There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls; the others are boys.
我们班里有55名学生，30名是女生，其余是男生。
b)advantage n. 优点；有利条件。反义词disadvantage ★
It is an advantage if you know how to type。如果你会打字，这会对你有利。
She got the job because she had the advantages over others of knowing many languages。
因为她有别人所没有的懂多种语言的优势，所以她获得这项工作。
[拓展]与advantage有关的搭配 ★★
have the advantage of 有…..的优势/长处 to one’s advantage 对….有利
take advantage of 利用；显眼地 advantages and disadvantages 利弊
用other, others, the others与another填空：
He is taller than any _______ student in his class.
Some students like pop music; ________ don’t in their school.
I’m too hungry; could you please give me _______ two hamburgers
Some of the boys went swimming, while _______ sat on the beach for sun-bathing.
他利用她的善良，三番五次向她借钱。
He _____________________ her kindness and borrowed money from her too often.
2.It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything. 它对健康有益，而且不会一分钱。
a)good adj. 好的；善良的；亲切的；擅长的；合适的 ★
be good to sb. 对某人亲切 be good for 对….有用处；适于
be good with sb. 与某人相处融洽 be good at (doing) sth. 擅长做某事
[拓展]good n. 长处；利益；善良 ★★
do good to sb./do sb. good 对….有益 for good(=for ever)永久地 It’s no good doing sth. 做….没用
b)cost v. (cost, cost) 花费，不可用于被动语态 ★
sth. cost +钱，意为“花了多少钱” How much does it cost to build the bridge 建这座桥要花费多少钱？
sth. cost sb. +钱，意为“花了某人多少钱”
It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车你要花费500美元。
sth. cost sb. +n.，意为“ 使某人付出（劳力、牺牲等）”
Careless driving will cost your life. 粗心驾驶可能会是你丧命。
辨析 cost, take, pay与spend ★
spend sb. spend time/money on sth. 某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱； sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
pay sb. pay some money for sth. 某人为某物而付款； sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物付钱，赔偿
cost sth. cost sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱; sth. cost some money 某物花费/值多少钱
take it takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事
[拓展]cost n. 花费；价钱；（常用复数形式costs）成本★★
The cost of the used car is $2,000.这辆旧车的价格为2000美元。
cut costs 消减成本 at the cost of 以….为代价 at all costs=at any cost 不惜代价
How much did it _______ you
A. pay B. spend C. take D. cost
His parents were worried that he ______ too much time chatting online.
A. spent B. cost C. paid D. had
3.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。
a)cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的 ★
be cruel to 对….残忍 a cruel punishment 残酷的处罚 a cruel master 残忍的主人
Don’t be so cruel to animals.不要对动物如此残忍。
[拓展] cruelty n. 残酷；残忍 cruelty to animals 虐待动物 ★★★
b)harmful adj. 有害的 反义词harmless adj. 无害的 ★
be harmful to 对….有害处 反义语be good for 对….有益处
a harmful insect 害虫
Drinking too much is harmful to your health。喝酒太多对身体有害。
[拓展] harm n. 伤害 v. 伤害；危害 ★★
do harm to / do sb. harm 对….有害处；伤害（=be harmful to）
反义表达do good to/do sb. good 对….有好处
I can’t stand people who are cruel ______ animals. A. for B. of C. with D. to
你吸烟会危害到你孩子的健康。Your smoking can ________________ the health of your children.
4.The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
在过去20到30年 内，有几种鲨鱼的数量已经下降了90%多。
a)in the last 20 to 30 years. 在过去20到30年内（= in the past 20 to 30 years），谓语动词要用现在完成时。★
现在完成的时间状语：since, so far, for+时间段, by (the end of ...), never, ever, already, yet, in the last/past+时间段。
b)the numbers of….“……的数量”，不止一种数目，number后面加-s, 谓语动词用复数形式 。
单数形式为the number of。a number of意为“一些，若干”，修饰可数名词复数。★★
The number of students in their school is over 3,000. 他们学校学生人数超过3000。
I have made a great number of new friends since I came here. 自从我到这儿，我已经交了很多新朋友。
c)have fallen by over 90 percent已经下降90%多★★
The number of students in our school has fallen by 200 in the last few years.在过去几年内我们学校的人数减少了200人。
[拓展] by与动词increase, rise, fall, reduce连用，意为“以…..的幅度增加/减少，增加/减少了”，表示程度，by后可以接差额、倍数或百分数。
The production of this clothing factory increased by 10% last year. 去年这家工厂的产量增加了百分之十。
[区别] to与动词increase, rise, fall, reduce连用，意为“增加/减少到，增/减到”。表示结果， to后接总数，即原有部分和增加部分的总和。
During the night, the temperature here falls to -5℃.夜间这儿的温度下降到-5℃。
So far, thousands of overseas students ______ to China in search of their roots.
came B. are coming C. come D. have come
________ of new computers have been sent to the schools in the western areas.
A. A great deal B. The numbers C. A large number D. The number
-- How many students are there in your class
-- Fifty-two. It’s said that it’ll increase _____ fifty-four. Two more foreign students will come next term.
A. by B. at C. to D. with
5.We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们无法再等，采取行动吧！
a)afford v.“承担得起（后果）；买得起”，通常与can, could, be able to 连用；多用于否定句或疑问句中。★
They couldn’t afford $ 50 for a ticket.他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
afford sth. 负担得起某事 I’ll be able to afford a week’s vacation this summer.
afford to do sth. 表示有能力（时间/金钱）做某事 How can you afford to spend so much money for a bicycle
b)take action 采取行动 ★
take quick action 采取快速行动 take extreme action 采取偏激行动 ★★
近义短语：take steps 采取措施 take measures 采取措施/手段 ★
-- Li Hong is going to study abroad next month. What about you
-- I’m afraid my parents can’t ________.
A. afford me B. afford it C. afford to me D. afford to it
6.Recycling paper is really easy. 循环用纸真的很容易。
a)recycling paper 意为“循环用纸”，动名词在句子中作主语，看作单数，谓语动词用单数。★
Walking on the outer space isn’t to easy for the astronauts. 在外太空行走对宇航员来说真不容易。
Taking exercise every day is necessary. 每天锻炼很有必要。
b)recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 ★
It’s a good habit to recycle water.循环用水是个好习惯。
[拓展] recyclable adj.可循环利用的 ★★
7.Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore 你经常把你不再需要的东西扔掉吗？
a)句子分析：这是一个含定语从句的复合句。you don’t need anymore为定语从句，省略了在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that/which，整个定语从句修饰前面的物things。★
I don’t love movies which/that are scary.我不喜欢恐怖电影。
I’d like to thank all the people who have helped me. 我想感激所有帮助过我的人。
b)throw away 扔掉；抛弃 ★
Don’t throw away those old clothes. You can donate them to people in need.
[拓展] 与throw相关的短语
throw…at…. 向…扔….. throw back 扔回 throw up 呕吐
The mountain village _____ you visited ten years ago has developed into a big town.
A. / B. which C. that D. All above
Please _______ those old magazines _______.
A. throw; at B. throw; up C. throw; away D. throw; off
8.Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
你曾经思考过怎样能真正地好好利用这些东西吗？
a)句子分析：这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，how引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语，宾语从句的谓语是含情态动词can的被动语态。★★
Could you please tell me how the problem can be solved 你能告诉我这个问题该怎么样解决吗？
b)put…to good use 好好利用 ★
The boy puts his spare time to good use.这个男孩很好地利用他的空闲时间。
[拓展] use作名词的相关短语
make use of 利用 in use 正在用；通用 come into use 开始被使用
out of use 不再使用 了 bring….into use 开始使用
It’s no use doing sth./to do sth. 做….是徒然的
[拓展] use 作动词的相关短语
use up 用光 used to 过去常常 get/be used to doing 习惯于做…..
be used to do 被用于做 be used as 把….当作….使用 be used for doing 被用来做…..
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.
窗户和门来自城镇周边被拆掉的旧建筑物。
pull…..down 拆下；摧毁 ★
The tall building was pulled down by the terrorists. 那幢大楼被恐怖分子摧毁了。
The old hospital has been pulled down. A new one is being built.那座旧医院已经拆了，一所新的医院正在修建中。
[拓展]与pull相关的短语 ★★
pull in (车)进站；（船）靠岸 pull out 离开；（车）出站
pull through (使)渡过难关 pull together 齐心协力，通力合作
10.She opened a small shop where she sells her bags ….. 她开了一家小店来卖她的包……
where为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a small shop, 并在定语从句中作地点状语。★★
He’s already visited the place where his ancestors lived.=He’s already visited the place in which his ancestors lived.
注意：先行词为地点名词时，也可用which/that 引导定语从句，但在从句中作主语或宾语。
This is the small shop which/that she opened last month. 这就是她上个月开的小店。
[拓展] 引导定语从句的关系副词还有when和why,在定语从句中作状语。★★★
April Fool’s Day is a day when people play tricks on each other.愚人节是人们相互捉弄的一天。
That’s the reason why he was late.那就是他迟到的原因。
11.The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city.
更受欢迎的工艺品甚至可以在全市艺术品商店内看到。
work [c] n. （书画、音乐）作品，著作 ★ I like O.Henry’s works.我喜欢欧.亨利的作品。
12.Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 这种艺术不但能给他人带来快乐，而且表明，只要一点创意甚至连冷硬的钢铁也能焕发生机。
a)句子分析：这是个倒装句，含有否定意义的副词not位于句首，句子要部分倒装，be动词、助动词或情态动词提前。★★
b)bring back 恢复；使想起；归还 ★
Bring back the book from Paul. 从保罗那儿带那本书回来。
Seeing you brought back many good memories.看到你使我想起许多美好的回忆。
[拓展]与back相关的短语：
come back 回来 look back(on) 回顾 take back 取回；归还 talk back 顶嘴
think back 想出来 pay back 偿还 step back 后退 turn back 折回；把….赶回
一.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句中单词。
1. The camera costs too much. I can't a it.
2. George Washington was the first P of the United States.
3.We can try our best to o the difficulties.
4.We should take cloth bags when shopping instead of p bags.
5.I never take (木制的)chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway.
6.This is not only cruel, but also (有害的) to the environment.
7.There is a lot of (垃圾) everywhere here.
8.The people in that country have elected a new (总统）
9. What are other (优点；优势)of bike riding
二．用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mother vegetables in the garden now. (grow)
2. Before exams, not only my classmates but also I (get) ready for them these days.
3.—Where's Susan
—She (wash) her clothes in the room right now.
4. The farmers (grow) rice these days.
5. Look! Many boys (swim) in the river.
6. All the students (plan) their trip at the moment.
7.We should (go)to the countryside (乡村)and help the kids there.
8. Look! There are many old people (do) morning exercise at the square.
三.阅读理解。
阅读两篇短文，根据要求完成文后的题目。
A
Robert Swan wanted to be an adventurer(冒险家) when he was 11. He wanted to become the first person to walk to both the North Pole and the South Pole (南极和北极).People told him he was crazy, but he never gave up his dream.
In January 1986, Swan and his team reached the South Pole for the first time. Just three years later, Swan created a new team to head for the North Pole.
During those two long trips, Swan noticed some terrible things. At the South Pole, the color of his eyes changed because of a kind of rays. This kind of rays are harmful to both humans and the environment. At the North Pole, the ice started to melt (融化)four months earlier than the usual “melt season”. These two things made Swan realize the poles were in danger. He thought he must do something.
Now he works to help people pay more attention to the environment protection,especially the poles. Swan hopes that he can not only save the two amazing places, but also help protect humans' health. Because protecting the nature is protecting ourselves.
1.People thought Swan was crazy because
A. he dreamed of being an adventurer
B. he wanted to walk to both the North Pole and the South Pole
C. he went for an adventure by raising money
D. he admired Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott
2.When did Swan go to the South Pole with his team
A. In 1986. B. In 1987. C. In 1988. D. In 1989.
3.What did Swan notice at the North Pole
A. The air smelt terrible. B. The sun changed color.
C. Some rays can harm people's health. D. The ice began to melt earlier.
4.What do we know about Swan from the last paragraph
A. He advises people to visit the poles.
B. He is preparing for new journeys to the poles.
C. He believes saving the poles is saving ourselves.
D. He thinks the poles are the earth's most important places.
5.In what part of the newspaper can we read this passage
A. Science B. Travel C. Environment D. Health
B
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage sorting poliey (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon. Garbage sorting is a big problem because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our environment. In fact, we can make use of some garbage again. But first, we need to sort it.
For example, if you put an old battery (电池) into the “harmful waste" bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don't,the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets.You can put bottles in the machines and get money back.
Japan:A truck playing music comes to people's doors to pick up their garbage. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus-stations. An hour-long bus ride costs three large bottles. Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai
Recyclable garbage includes paper, books, plastic items, and glass bottles. Harmful garbage includes lamps,batteries, and other things with harmful chemicals(化学品).Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food and vegetables. Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins, pens and towels, for example.
6.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Many countries take Shanghai's garbage-sorting policy.
B. Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.
C. Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.
D. China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.
7.The writer gives the “battery" example to tell us
A. how to sort our garbage B. how important sorting is
C. what harmful waste is D. how difficult sorting is
8.If you , you can take a free bus ride in Indonesia.
A. put bottles in a machine B. take plastic bottles to the station
C. get a notice on the door D. put garbage into different bins
9.Which bin should “newspapers” go to
10.Which is the best title for the passage
A. Different Countries,Different policies B. Less garbage, Cleaner Environment
C. Clean Shanghai, Beautiful China D. Sort garbage, Save earth
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。
What do you know about Mount Qomolangma At 8844.43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the 1 (tall) mountain on the earth. While it is famous 2 its challenging hike, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish.
According to the UN report, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain.
3 an unbelievable number! To reduce(减少) rubbish, China is limiting(限定) the number of people who can climb the 4 ( mountain) north side. Only 300 people will 5 (allow) to climb it each year, and only during spring.
Last year, local people removed rubbish on the mountain at a height of 5,200 meters. They
6 (collect) about 8.4 tons of rubbish, according to the Tibet government This year the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan 7 (set) up a new clean-up campaign, recycle and break down the rubbish from the mountain.
What's more, trash workers will also collect the bodies of 8 (die) climbers. Since the 2019 climbing season, more than 300 people 9 (lose) their lives on Qomolangma.
A group of artists will try to turn some rubbish into art works. They will show these works
10 (wise) to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain. Hope it goes well!
五、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语填空,其中有两个单词为多余词汇。
If you travel to some towns in India, you will 1 lucky enough to be waited up on upon by guides-monkeys. These monkeys are always ready to help you. When you are hungry, you only have to point at your own stomach and they will show you 2 a restaurant.If you are tired, you put your hands behind your head and the monkeys will 3 you to a hotel. Do not 4 surprised, however, when they stretch (伸出) their hands out in front of you after they have 5 you,they just hope you can give them a little money as a tip. After you have 6 them the money, they will wave their hands to say goodbye.
Believe it or not, these monkeys are graduates of the School for Monkeys in India, where they were 7 for one year. These monkey students are not the only ones in the world. Some monkeys are now being trained as nurses 8 an American medical college. These monkeys, after they have 9 from school, they are 10 to look after patients who are in bed and help get things they need from their homes.
六、阅读表达。
阅读短文，回答文后的问题。
The clothes you wear tell a lot about your personality. They protect you from the weather and give you a way to express yourself. But when you are tired of your old clothes and want something new, don't throw your old clothes away! Give them to a charity or a second-hand store. One day, they could end up at a recycling company such as Savannah Rags International!
At Savannah Rags,excess(过量的) clothing is gathered and can be dealt with in several stages. First, it is collected from charities, schools and local second-hand stores and brought to the company. There, workers sort it by material—cotton over here, polyester over there, etc. The workers also sort out items that are in bad condition. These are turned into other things, such as cleaning rags. But the rest of the clothing is packaged and shipped to places in Europe and Africa. There, local merchants buy it and resell it in stores and markets. This is a great way to keep old clothes out of landfills. And, most importantly, it helpsimportantly, it helps protect natural resources!
Manufacturing(制作) clothing uses a lot of natural resources. Take blue jeans for example. Jeans are made mostly of cotton, which is a very thirsty crop. It can take over 6,000 liters of water to grow enough cotton to make one pair of jeans.It takes even more water to dye them blue! By recycling, you can help save water. Even if you don't buy from second-hand stores,you can make your wardrobe more eco-friendly.
1.Wash your clothes less often.
Research shows that 60 to 80 percent of a garment's environmental impact comes from how often it is washed. If you can, wear your clothes two to three times before washing them. Then use cold water to save energy!
2.Be a big-picture shopper.
Before you buy something, consider: Will I still want to wear this a year from now If not, leave it for someone who will.
3.Donate!
Companies like Savannah Rags want to give your clothes a second chance. Find out where your local clothing recycling bins are. And keep your clothes out of the trash!
1.How can you deal with your old clothes
2.Where is the rest of the clothing shipped to after it is packaged
3.Why do local merchants buy old clothes and resell them
4.How many times should you wear your clothes before washing them
5.What can you do to make your wardrobe eco-friendly according to this passage

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