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新人教选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 重点词汇详解+语法知识清单
Part one Words and Phrases
重点单词讲解
1.turn sb. down 拒绝(某人)
[例 1]I am afraid our boss will turn me down.
我害怕我老板会拒绝我。
[例 2]He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
到目前为止他申请的十份工作都遭到了拒绝。
[造句]你认为我应该拒绝他的报价吗？
Do you think I should turn down his offer
[知识拓展]
turn down 调小
turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量
turn around/round 转身
turn out... 证明是；结果是
turn to... 转向；求助于；查阅
turn over 翻转；移交
turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn in 上交
turn into 变成
①I thanked him for the offer but turned it down．
②It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
③He would turn up at meetings.
2.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
[例1]The government has given qualified support to the idea.
政府对这一想法给予了适当的支持。
[例2]Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.
对有资格教师的需求远远超过了供应。
[造句]这位女士最适合做这项工作。
The lady is ideally qualified for the job.
[知识拓展]
→ qualify v. 使具备资格
be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事
be qualified for...具备……资格的；适合担任……的
②He knew he was not qualified to be a teacher.
③I don't know much about it，so I don't feel qualified to comment
→ qualification n. 资格；资历
①He has no qualificationfor this job.
3.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
[造句]他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。
They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.
[知识拓展]
abandon oneself to (doing)sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
I'm considering abandoning smoking soon.
At the sad news，he abandoned himself to despair.
→ abandoned adj. 废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的
4.belongings n．财物；动产
She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。
她在那场火灾中失去了所有财产。
She lost all her belongings in the fire.
[造句]她的许多私人财物都被偷走了。
Many of her personal belongings had been stolen.
[知识拓展]
→ belonging n. 归属
a sense of belonging 归属感
As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging．
→ belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to sth. 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员， 是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
They belonged to a younger generation.
〔说明〕belong to...表示“属于”时，可以与“be+名词性物主代词”进行替换。belong to后接名词或人称代词的宾格作宾语，后面不能接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。另外，belong to不能用于进行时，也不能用于被动语态。
5.hold on 稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
Can you hold on？I'll see if he's here.
等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
[造句]等一会儿，我得化妆一下。
Hold on for a minute，I've just got to put on my make-up.
[知识拓展]
hold up 支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫
hold on to... 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制
hold down 压制；限制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐
①The chair is too weak to hold up such a fat man.
②Can you hold on to those tickets for me
6.furniture n.家具
Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.
他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。
We need to buy some new furniture.
我们需要买一些新家具。
[造句]这种木料太软了，不适合用来做家具。
The wood is too soft to make furniture.
[说明]furniture为不可数名词，它的意思是“（可移动的）家具”。如果想用英语表示“一件家具”，可以用“a piece of furniture”来表示“一件家具”。
[知识拓展]
→ furnish vt.装修；布置，设置；提供；供应
furnish sth.with sth.用……布置……
furnish sb./sth.with sth.
＝furnish sth.to sb./sth.
为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with... 备有；安装有
→ furnished adj.备有家具的
①Eleanor moved into a small furnished apartment.
②Many proprietors try to furnish their houses with antiques.
7.application n.申请；请求；应用
Applications should be submitted as early as possible.
申请应尽早提交。
How do the two techniques compare in terms of application
这两种手法实际运用起来哪个好一些？
[造句]我想他们已经拒绝我的申请了。
I think they have rejected my application.
[知识拓展]
→ applicant n．申请人
→ apply vt.申请；应用
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某事/物
apply to sb./sth.适用于某人/物
apply sth. to sth.把……应用于……
apply oneself to doing sth.专注于/集中精力做某事
①We should apply what we have learned at school to daily life.
②He wants to apply to the company for a job as a salesman.
③This traffic rule applies to all the drivers.
Part two Grammar
现在完成进行时
1. 构成have(has) + been+ 动词的现在分词
2. 功能1) 表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到说话时刻，并且可能延续下去的动作。如：I have been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come. 我已等了一个小时,但她还没有来。We have been doing everything possible to improve the working conditions. 我们一直在尽一切努力改善工作条件。Man has continuously been trying to make better use of natural materials and create new ones．人类一直在尝试更好地利用天然材料和创造新材料。
2) 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刚刚结束。如：He is dead drunk. He has been drinking with his friends. 他酩酊大醉，刚刚在同朋友们喝酒来着。My clothes are wet. I have been walking in the rain. 我的衣服湿了, 我一直走在雨中。Where have you been I have been looking for you everywhere. 你去哪儿了？我一直到处找你。
3) 表示某种感彩。如：I have been wanting to see you for a long time. (愿望)Who has been telling you such nonsense (气愤)You have been deceiving me. (气愤)You have been giving me everything. (感激)
4) 表示过去某种愿望未实现，某种企图、希望落空，含有遗憾、不耐烦等情绪。如：They have been going to build a bridge over the lake for years.近年来，他们一直想在湖上建一座桥。（但未能实现）He has been going to have the leaking tap fixed for a few days.几天来，他一直想把漏水的水龙头修理一下。（但总没抽出时间修理）
5) 表示一个过去动作对现在的影响或造成的结果。如：The room stinks. Someone has been smoking in here. 屋里有烟味,有人抽烟了。The girl’s eyes are red. She has been crying. 那个女孩的眼睛红红的。她一直在哭。
6) 表示重复（指断断续续, 而非一直不停）。如：We have been discussing the matter several times this year. 我们今年已数次讨论过那件事。We have all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两个星期以来她每天晚上给吉姆打电话。

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