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(共20张PPT)
2023年潍坊市中考英语试题
----完形填空研题与命题
1.
原题分析
2.
语篇研读
3.
试题创编
4.
命题解析
目录
原题分析
1
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When you turn on the tap in your house, water comes out. This water has ____16____ a long way. This water comes from rain in the sky. The ____17____ that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the “water supply”.
Most of the water on the earth is in the ____18____. This water has a lot of salt in it. We cannot drink this water. Salt water makes us ill. But when the sun shines, it ____19____ a part of the ocean. This water rises up to make clouds in the sky. The more water rises up, the heavier and larger the clouds become. The clouds will get so heavy and large that they will change colour from white to ____20____. The water will fall down into rivers and lakes ____21____ rain and travel back to the sea. This is called the “water cycle”. We use half of the rain water ____22____ falls over the earth.
There are parts of the world where there is ____23____ fresh water. In the Arab countries, salt water can be made safe to drink. This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left ____24____ and the clean water is then taken off. This process is very ____25____, but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking water.
16. A. pulled B. walked C. rushed D. travelled
17. A. way B. path C. method D. condition
18. A. stream B. ocean C. river D. lake
19. A. takes in B. gives off C. heats up D. cools down
20. A. purple B. grey C. blue D. pink
21. A. through B. with C. as D. by
22. A. it B. that C. this D. what
23. A. few B. much C. enough D. little
24. A. behind B. alone C. off D. out
25. A. rapid B. cheap C. simple D. expensive
原题展示 （探究主题意义，生成深层认知，达成核心素养）
原题分析：本文主要介绍了供水的过程，水循环的过程以及在一些地区饮用水短缺的情况。
16. This water has ____16____ a long way. This water comes from rain in the sky.句意：这些水经过了很长一段距离。
pulled拉；walked步行；rushed冲；travelled旅行。根据“This water comes from rain in the sky. The…that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the ‘water supply’”可知，水是走了很长距离才到了水龙头里，故选D。
17. The ____17____ that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the “water supply”.
句意：水到达你家水龙头的方式被称为“供水”。
way方式；path小径；method方法；condition状况。根据“water arrives to the tap in your house is called the “water supply”可知，水到达家里水龙头是一种供水方式，故选A。
18. Most of the water on the earth is in the ____18____.
句意：地球上的大部分水都在海洋里。
stream小溪；ocean海洋；river河流；lake湖。根据“This water has a lot of salt in it”可知，大部分水都在海洋里，海洋里的水是有盐的，故选B。
19. Salt water makes us ill. But when the sun shines, it ____19____ a part of the ocean.
句意：但当太阳照耀时，它会加热一部分海洋。
takes in吸收；gives off散发；heats up加热；cools down冷却。根据“But when the sun shine”及“This water rises up to make clouds in the sky”可知，温度升高，会加热一部分海水，升在天空形成云，故选C。
20. The clouds will get so heavy and large that they will change colour from white to ____20____.
句意：云将变得如此沉重和巨大，它们将改变颜色从白色到灰色。
purple紫色；grey灰色；blue蓝色；pink粉色。根据“The water will fall down into rivers and lakes”可知，云变成灰色之后，就要下雨，然后流入河流和湖泊，故选B。
21. The water will fall down into rivers and lakes ____21____ rain and travel back to the sea.
句意：这些水会（汇集）成雨水落入江河湖泊，然后流回大海。
through通过；with带有；by通过。as作为，当做；as符合语境，故选C.
22. This is called the “water cycle”. We use half of the rain water ____22____ falls over the earth.句意：我们用掉了地球上一半的雨水。
it它；that那个；this这个；what什么。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词rain water是指物，在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句，故选B。
23.There are parts of the world where there is ____23____ fresh water. In the Arab countries, salt water can be made safe to drink.
句意：世界上有些地方几乎没有淡水。
few没有多少的，修饰可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；enough足够的；little没有多少的，修饰不可数名词。根据“but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking wate”可知，这些地方几乎没有淡水，修饰不可数名词water，应用little，故选D。
24.This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left ____24____ and the clean water is then taken off.
句意：盐被留下，然后干净的水被带走。
leave behind留下；leave alone不打扰；leave off漏掉；leave out遗漏。根据“This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left… and the clean water is then taken off.”可知，把盐留下，带走干净的水，故选A。
跨学科解读：此处涉及化学中利用蒸馏原理，将海水制成饮用水的学科知识，加热海水时，盐不挥发，而水蒸气经冷凝成为淡水。
25.This process is very ____25____, but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking water.句意：这种方法非常昂贵，但在一些地区，这是获得清洁饮用水的唯一方法。
rapid迅速的；cheap便宜的；simple简单的；expensive昂贵的。根据前文介绍的制作饮用水的方法可知，这个过程很复杂，所以可推断这种方法提炼出来的饮用水一定很贵，故选D。
语篇研读
2
探究主题意义
生成深层认知
达成核心素养
What :文本围绕淡水展开，分为三个自然段。
第一段：water supply供水系统，
第二段: water cycle 水循环,
第三段: water collection 水提取。
Why: 通过阅读这篇文章，让我们认识到淡水资源的稀缺和 重要性，从而唤醒节约用水意识和环境保护理念。
1
2
语篇研读
How:本文是一篇说明文，语篇结构清楚，对水的三个方面进行了阐述，文章中有的答案，可以通过生活中的常识进行推断和总结概括信息。
3
学科素养：
在考察基础语言与语篇知识的基础上，引导人们节约用水，保护环境。
课标分析
范畴：人与自然
主题群：自然生态 环境保护
子主题内容：
2.热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生；
3. 环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为
主题内容要求（三级）
2.理解说明文语篇的主要写作目的，结构特征，基本语言特点和信息组织方式，并用以说明事物和阐释事理；
语篇知识内容要求（三级）
1.了解英语词汇，包括单词，短语，习惯用语和固定搭配等形式；
2.理解和领悟词汇的基本含义以及在特定语境和语篇
中的意义，词性和功能。
语篇词汇知识要求（三级）
。理解性技能
4.分析和梳理常见书面语篇的基本结构特征和内容的主次关系；
5.从书面语篇中判断和归纳作者的观点及语篇的主旨要义；
9.根据不同目的运用各种阅读策略有效获取语篇信息；
语言技能内容要求（三级）
试题创编
3
阅读表达。（共5小题，满分16分，1-4题每题3分，第5题4分）
When you turn on the tap in your house, water comes out. This water has travelled a long way. This water comes from rain in the sky. The way that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the “water supply”.
Most of the water on the earth is in the ocean. This water has a lot of salt in it. We cannot drink this water. Salt water makes us ill. But when the sun shines, it heats up a part of the ocean. This water rises up to make clouds in the sky. The more water rises up, the heavier and larger the clouds become. The clouds will get so heavy and large that they will change colour from white to grey. The water will fall down into rivers and lakes as rain and travel back to the sea. This is called the “water cycle”. We use half of the rain water ______ falls over the earth.
There are parts of the world where there is little fresh water. In the Arab countries, salt water can be made safe to drink. This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left behind and the clean water is then taken off. This process is very expensive, but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking water.
试题创编：
1.Why can’t we drink salt water from the ocean __________________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with a proper word. ___________________________________
3. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________
4.What is the second paragraph mainly about
_________________________________________________________________
5.Please think and write out at least two pieces of advice of saving water.
（请思考并写出至少两条节约用水的建议）(1)________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________
答案呈现
1.Because salt water makes us sick.
2. that/ which
3. 上升的水越多，云就越重、越大。（言之有理即可）
4. Water cycle.
5. 参考答案：Turn off the tap after using it./Reuse water./Take shorter showers./Call on more people to save water.（言之有理即可）
命题解析
4
1
细节理解题
试题创编 课标依据 考查要点
1.Why can’t we drink salt water from the ocean 语言技能内容要求（三级——9年级、三级+）理解性技能： 在听、读、看的过程中，针对语篇的内容有选择地记录信息和要点。 根据不同目的，运用各种阅渎策略有效获取语篇信息。 学业质量标准三级（7 9年级）： 进行书面表达时，能正确使用所学语言，格式较为规范。 考查学生根据文本信息进行获取与梳理以及规范语言表达的能力。此类题型一般都可以根据问题中的key words在文章中定位信息，找到答案。但在写答语时需要注意：答语的人称和时态要与问题的人称和时态保持一致。基于完整性、礼貌性、准确性及展现语言功底等，通常使用完整的句子来回答问题。
细节理解
2
语言知识题
试题创编 课标依据 考查内容
2. We use half of the rain water ______ falls over the earth.
Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with a proper word. 词汇知识内容要求（三级）： 围绕相关主题学习并使用一定数量的习惯用语或固定搭配。 语法知识内容要求（三级）： 在口语和书面语篇中理解、体会所学语法的形式和表意功能。 语言技能内容要求（三级——9年级、三级+）理解性技能： 根据上下文和构词法推断书面语篇中生词的含义。 此类题型考查学生语言知识和语言技能中词汇，语法和语用的掌握情况。能够在感知、体验、积累和运用等语言实践活动中，认识英语与汉语的异同，逐步形成语言意识，积累语言经验，进行有意义的沟通和交流。
3.The more water rises up, the heavier and larger the clouds become. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
细节理解
3
概括主旨题
试题创编 课标依据 考查内容
4.What is the second paragraph mainly about
词汇知识内容要求（三级）： 在特定语境中，根据不同主题，运用词汇给事物命名，描述事物、行为、过程和特征，说明概念,表达与主题相关的主要信息和观点。 语言技能内容要求（三级——9年级、三级+）理解性技能： 从书面语篇中判断和归纳作者的观点及语篇的主旨要义。 此类题型旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。按照考查对象可分为段落主旨概括和篇章主旨概括，重点考查段落主旨概括。
细节理解
4
开放性问题
试题创编 课标依据 考查内容
5.Please think and write out at least two pieces of advice of saving water. 语言技能内容要求（三级——9年级、三级+）理解性技能： 根据不同目的，运用各种阅渎策略有效获取语篇信息。 建立语篇与语篇、语篇与个人、语篇与世界的关联，探究和发现语篇的现实意义。 表达性技能： 围绕相关主题口头表达个人的观点和态度。 考察学生在理解文本的基础上进行内化，解决生活中的实际问题。
此类试题具有设问的开放性、思维的多向度和答案的多元化等特点。设问特点是多层次、多角度地设问，学生可以从不同角度来回答。
答案是多元的，答案只要符合逻辑，语法正确都可以得分，答案不是唯一的。
Thanks.

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