资源简介 初中语法十项全能词类:n,分类,计量,所有格,adj,adv,,conj,prep,pron,art,num。句型:陈述:抓主干 SVO,SLP,理枝叶DZB。5个简单句。疑问:一般:助,情,系。特殊:几个W,直接代替,变一般。反意:翻译,回答,祈使句,shall,will。选择:or,which。祈使:(you)Don't Do+O/L+P感叹:how,what时态:定义,顺序。现、过、将、过将;一,进,完,完进。6种形式、否定。语态:be done /be being done /have been done。并列句:平2,转3,选3,因3。从句:n,SOPT,两种情况,that,whether,if,9个;adj,关系词,代,that,who, whon, which,whose,副,when,where, whyadv,时6,地2,伴1,原1,让7,条5,日2,结2,方3。非:to do,doing,done. to+L+P n, adv Ling+P n,adv独:(with)S2+ adj/adv/非特:there,it,省,倒,插直间:陈述,一般,特殊,宾从。ask sb to do sth主谓一致:并,名,代,其,number,percent虚拟语气:if,as if,wish 往后推。332(should)do介宾:adj advpron:n,adjnum:基数 单n,adj ; 序数:单n,adj,adv从句:单n:S O P T;adj;adv非谓语动词:to do:单n,adj,adv ;doing:单n,adj,adv;done:adj,adv独立主格:adv等效变换应用1.化简句子:将一切句子的分析转化为两种简单句的分析。2.推测用法:根据该对象能够等效的词性不同,就可以轻易推测出该对象所能够充当的句子成分。词类:名词n 形容词adj 副词adv 动词v 连词conj 介词prep 代词pron 冠词art 数量词num名词所有格专有:人名、地名、国家名 eg:China Tom the Great Wall普通:可数 规则/不规则不可数 液体、气体、抽象的eg: a book , two bookstwo baskets of applesa bottle of watertwo bottles of water形容词 比较级、最高级副词修饰动词 run fast修饰形容词 very good修饰副词 very fast时间、地点、原因:yesterday there why冠词不定冠词 aan 巧记口诀:不见元音不施恩(n)定冠词 the 特指用于说话的人都知道或者前面提到过的名词前(翻译成指示代词用于最高级和序数词前。用于乐器前面。例如:the guitar 吉他用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前面。例如:lhe Great Wall.用于姓氏的复数前面表示一家人。例如:the Greens 格林一家用于世界上独一无二的名词前。例如:the sun 太阳。固定搭配要记好a lot of on the left句型:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈述句主语s+谓语v+宾语o 谁做什么eg: I (主语s) saw(谓语v) a good(定语d) movie(宾语O) yesterday(状语Z).I find you very clever(补语B).主语S+系动词L+表语P 什么是什么 什么怎么样eg:I(主语S) am(系统词L) a boss(表语P).You are good.She is 10.表语P可以是n adj adv或者和这些词等效的短语或句子。抓主干 SVO,SLP,理枝叶DZB。疑问句一般疑问句 做不做?能不能?是不是?吗?Do SVO Yes,S do. No, S don’t.eg:Do you like games Yes,I do. No,I don’t.Be SP Yes,S be. No,S be not.Are you a cook Yes,I am. No,I’m not. 当句子中有can,have,will,将其放于句首。Yes,S can. No,S can't. 助动词、情态动词、系动词,放在句首。特殊疑问句S+V+O+Z 主谓宾状对主语S提问:who/what V+O+Z 对宾语O提问:whom/what do S+V+Z 对状语Z提问:时间when do +S+V+O?地点where do +S+V+O?原因 why do +S+V+O?S+L+P 主系表对主语S提问:who/what be+P 对表语P提问:n who/what be+P adj adv What's the weather like in winter in Beijing It's cold and windy.反义疑问句S+V+O,don’t+S 对吗?是吗?对不对?是不是?She likes English,doesn’t she Yes,she dose. No,she doesn’t.S+L+P,ben’t+S She is a super sata,isn’t she Yes,she is . No,she isn’t.Let’s go,shall we 咱们走,好吗?Let us go,will you 让我们走,好吗?Borrow me a pen,will you 借我一支钢笔,好吗?选择疑问句 Is he a actor(演员)or(还是)a singer(歌手) A actor.Which book is yours,this one or that one This one.祈使句Do+O Open the windows. 把窗子打开。L+P Be careful! 小心!感叹句How fast (he runs)!How clever(you are)!What big progress(you made)!What a clever child(she is)!时态语态时态现在:说话时,目前,现在的时间do,does/am,are,is/have,has过去:说话时之前,以前,过去的时间did/was,were/had将来:说话时之后,以后,将来的时间 will过去将来:从过去看的将来 would 否定形式对do的否定:don't!doesn't! didn’t+ dobe 的否定 be not=ben't am not='m nothave的否定 haven't hasn't hadn'twill won't wouldn'tcan can't couldn't语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 S+V+O → S+~by+O一般 be done进行 be being done完成 have been done并列句、从句 非谓语动词:形式 一般式 被动式 进行式 完成式to do (not) to do (not) to be done (not) to be doing (not) to have doneV-ing (not)doing (not)being done (not) having donedone (not)done 独立主格独立主格的结构不能随意组合。with n/pron+adj/adv/非独立主格的谓语动词必须与主句的主语保持一致,即采用主谓一致的规则。独立主格可以用逗号与句子主语分开,但并不是必须的。在阅读或写作时,要注意理解或区分独立主格和分词作状语的情况,它们虽然形式相似,但语法和意义上有差别。 特殊结构There be 表示某处有某物there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ;there be 句型的特殊用法,there be 不可与have 连用there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+therethere +具体的动词 使表达更生动it的用法 强调句陈述句的强调句型:Itis/ was+被强调部分(主、宾、状)+that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其它部分强调句的否定句形式为:Itis/was not+被强调部分+that/who.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/was提到it前面,特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/ was+it+that/ who+其它部分 When and where was it that you were born 注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that,who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用Itwas.,其余的时态用Itis..。 直接引用变间接引用陈述 that不作成分的宾从+单n一般疑问句 whether=if(是否)宾从+单n特殊疑问句 9个W引导的宾从+单n祈使 tell /ask /order sb to do sth 主谓一致语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。单个名词作主语 集体名词,以-s结尾的学科名词,常见不可数名词,复数名词,不可数名词具体化并列主语 And连接的名词表示一个人或物用单数,多个用复数;or,notonly...but,either...or,not so much...as..,neither...nor...,not...but; every/each/no/manya/more thanone...and every量词做主语 a quantity of, a kind of, a mountain of,apile of, a box of,数词修饰主语 much, an amount of, a great deal of, lotsof, plenty of, the rest, the remaining, themajority of 虚拟语气用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。as,或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如:She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览