资源简介

(共27张PPT)
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Tourism Management
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Tourism Management
The Phenomenon of Tourism
Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Characteristics, Outline and Structure
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The Phenomenon of Tourism
Definition of tourism
Tourism: one possible definition …
“Tourism may be defined as the sum of the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourist suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting, transporting, hosting and management of tourists and other visitors”.
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The Phenomenon of Tourism
Definition of tourism
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The Phenomenon of Tourism
Importance of tourism
>10% of the global GDP = (~$6 trillion) in 2008
231 million jobs dependent on ‘tourism
economy’ in 2007
> 900 million international tourist trips of at least one night stay made in 2007
Overnight domestic trips estimated at 10x higher than international trips
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Tourism as a Academic Field of Study
Obstacles to development
Tourism perceived as trivial activity
Large-scale tourism as recent activity
Tourism perceived as vocational field of study
Lack of clear definitions & reliable data
Bureaucratic inertia and echo effects
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Tourism as a Field of Study
Obstacles to development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Obstacles to development
Tourism perceived as trivial activity
Large-scale tourism as recent activity
Tourism perceived as vocational field of study
Lack of clear definitions & reliable data
Lack of indigenous theory or strong academic tradition
Bureaucratic inertia and echo effects
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Obstacles to development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
Expansion within the university sector
trend toward establishment of specialised
tourism departments (= increased visibility
& critical mass of specialists to progress
towards discipline status)
Australia: 26 tourism schools & programs
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
Growth in the number of refereed journals
‘Double-blind’ peer review
author(s) do not know who the editor has approached to review the paper;
reviewers do not know who has authored paper
= attempt to achieve objectivity & credibility
Disadvantages
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Indications of development
Growth in the number of refereed journals
Two phases:
1962-1990: small number of general topic tourism journals
1990s: proliferation of specialised topical journals
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
A sequence of tourism platforms
Advocacy platform (1950s & 1960s)
Cautionary platform (1960s & 1970s)
Adaptancy platform (early 1980s)
Knowledge-based platform (since late 1980s)
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
A sequence of tourism platforms
Advocacy platform (1950s & 1960s)
characterised by uncritical attitude toward
tourism
emphasis on market-product equation rather
than host communities
characterised by “anti-management” perspective
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
A sequence of tourism platforms
Cautionary platform (1960s & 1970s )
ideological challenge to advocacy platform by
political left
emphasis on destination impacts
tourism seen as danger to host communities
characterised by ‘management’ perspective
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
A sequence of tourism platforms
Adaptancy platform (early 1980s)
serious effort put into identifying modes of tourism activity which were positive for host communities
small scale alternative to “mass tourism”:
e.g. "alternative tourism” and “ecotourism”
control vested in host community vs. big government
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
A sequence of tourism platforms
Knowledge-based (since the late 1980s)
more objective, & cognisant that tourism of any type results in positive & negative impacts
recognises sustainable “mass” & “alternative” tourism
effective management decisions based on sound knowledge through application of scientific methods, relevant models & theory
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Universities and community colleges
provide relevant, high quality Education
conduct rigorous & objective scientific Research
Produce & Disseminate tourism-related knowledge
apply & formulate Theory (indigenous & borrowed)
towards explaining & predicting tourism-related
phenomena
University role in tourism studies:
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Tourism as an Academic Field of Study
Universities and community colleges
Critically analyse tourism phenomena
place tourism within broad Context of other
sectors & processes
contribute to Policy Formulation, Improved Planning & Management = prescriptive element
University role in tourism studies (con’d):
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Characteristics, Outline & Structure
Characteristics
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Characteristics, Outline & Structure
Chapter outline
THE TOURISM SYSTEM
THE EVOLUTION & GROWTH OF TOURISM
DESTINATONS
THE TOURIST PRODUCT
TOURIST MARKETS
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Characteristics, Outline & Structure
Chapter outline
TOURISM MARKETING
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM
SOCIOCULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS OF TOURISM
10 DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT
11 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
12 TOURISM RESEARCH
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Characteristics, Outline & Structure
Chapter structure

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