资源简介

(共33张PPT)
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Chapter 5
The Tourism Product
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Chapter 5
The Tourist Product
Tourist Attractions
The Tourism Industry
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
Shift in perception from undesirable to desirable since early 1800s
Probably on par with tropical beaches, lakes & large cities as most common tourism venue
TOPOGRAPHY: Mountains
May be of aesthetic or religious significance, or may be iconic
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
TOPOGRAPHY: Beaches
popularity associated with Industrial Revolution, & emergence of ‘pleasure periphery’
most stereotypical symbol of mass tourism
not all beaches equally attractive
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
CLIMATE: Temperature
3S tourism (pleasure periphery = ‘cool to hot’ movement; optimal temp. range 20 to 30 C)
climate liability can be converted into an
asset through tourism (e.g., Death Valley, CA)
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
WATER
swimming (high quality water)
surfing (e.g., California, Hawaii)
freshwater lakes (e.g., cottages, boating)
waterfalls (e.g., Niagara Falls, Victoria Falls)
geothermal waters (e.g., spas - Iceland)
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
WILDLIFE : Two ways of classifying
captive versus non-captive wildlife
consumptive versus non-consumptive
zoo
wilderness areas
big game hunting
catch & release fishing
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
VEGETATION
sometimes iconic (Redwoods of California)
greater likelihood of viewing due to immobility
botanical gardens as major urban attractions
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS: Importance
maintenance of ecological integrity = attractiveness to tourists
land/marine areas are critical since habitat continues to be destroyed
protection of exceptional natural qualities (e.g., mountain ranges, rare species)
designation as National Park, etc. = special status
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Sites
LOCATION
Rugby, North Dakota
Centrality
Extremity
- Cape Byron, Death Valley, Lands End
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Tourist Attractions
Natural Events
Tides (e.g. Canada’s Bay of Fundy)
Solar eclipses
Extreme weather conditions (e.g. Lake Eyre, SA = ‘ephemeral attraction’)
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
HISTORICAL
PREHISTORICAL (e.g. Stonehenge)
Monuments & structures
Battlefields (dark tourism)
Heritage districts & landscapes
Museums
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
CONTEMPORARY
Ethnic neighbourhoods (‘Chinatown’)
Food & Drink (‘winescapes’)
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Industrial heritage (i.e., Post-Industrial tourists connecting with industrial past)
Canals & railways = ‘functional adaptation’
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
SPECIALISED RECREATION ATTRACTIONS (SRAs)
Golf courses (‘golfscapes’)
Casinos
Theme parks (Disney)
Scenic highways, bikeways & hiking trails
Ski resorts
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Sites
RETAIL
Mega-malls
Markets & bazaars
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Events
Historical re-enactments & commemorations
Sporting events (Olympics, World Cup)
World fairs
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Tourist Attractions
Cultural Events
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Tourist Attractions
Attraction Attributes
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The Tourism Industry
Travel Industry
associated with origin regions
provide retail travel services, information, feedback to destination managers
‘disintermediation’ = major challenge
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The Tourism Industry
Transportation
- airline alliances & deregulation
- privatisation
- security
- expanded ‘freedoms of the air’
Trends
AIR
- scheduled airlines, charter airlines, & private jets
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The Tourism Industry
Transportation
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The Tourism Industry
Transportation
- coaches, caravans, rental cars
- Austrailpass
- Orient Express
ROAD
RAIL
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The Tourism Industry
Transportation
- ocean liners (‘Queen Mary II’)
- regional cruise markets
- proliferation of ‘mega cruise liners’
WATER
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The Tourism Industry
Accommodation
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The Tourism Industry
Accommodation
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The Tourism Industry
Tour Operators
outbound vs. inbound
important influence in development of tourism systems
influence of new technology
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The Tourism Industry
Merchandise
origin vs. destination region
important role of guidebooks
souvenirs
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The Tourism Industry
Industry Structure

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