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（4）判断正误型阅读——2024届中考英语阅读理解提分要义
提分要点
Step 1阅读原文，捕捉信息，理解大意
通读原文，捕捉文中信息，抓住内容梗概，理解短文大意，理清全文脉络。
Step 2审读题目，找出相关依据
读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落或关键词句，再进行判断。只有完全符合文意的句子，才能判定为正确，要从文章的具体段落和句子中找到依据，并认真进行比较、分析。不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。
Step 3浏览题目，复读全文，捕捉信息
完成正误判断后重读短文，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上对每道题复查。
答题注意事项
正确顶的特征：
对原句的关键词进行替换；
有时有词性或语态上的变化；
语气简化；
正话反说
干扰项的特征:
无中生有；
偷换概余；
表述不准确；
与中信息意义相反
提分训练
一、
There is a Chinese saying "千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重". What does swan feather(天鹅羽毛) mean in this saying Do you know
This saying comes from a historic book called Lu Shi(《路史》). According to the story, a Tang Dynasty official in Yunnan wanted to show his respect to the emperor. He sent a man named Mian Bogao to bring some gifts to the emperor. One of the gifts was a beautiful swan, which was a very valuable gift at the time.
Mian took good care of the swan on his way to the emperor. One day, he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink some water. But as soon as he set the swan free, the swan flew away, leaving only some feathers on the ground. Mian was very worried, but he didn't try to run away. He decided to tell the emperor what happened. He picked up a feather and kept going on his trip.
When Mian met the emperor, he told him what happened and said, "This swan feather is light, but it carries my deep respect for you." The emperor was happy with Mian's honesty and sincerity. He forgave Mian. People now use this saying to show that a good gift doesn't have to be expensive. What matters is the sincerity it carries.
根据语篇内容，判断下列句子正（√）误（×）。
1. The story about the saying happened in Tang Dynasty.
2. The official and Mian Bogao brought some gifts to the emperor, including a beautiful swan.
3. One day Mian let the swan swim in the lake and the swan flew away.
4. Mian picked up a feather and gave it to the emperor.
5. From the story we know the saying means the sincerity a gift carries means more than its price.
二、
It was a school trip. All of us were hungry for it for long. I went to Changbai Mountain with my classmates at the beginning of 2023. The trip was really wonderful.
Jilin Province, in the northeast of China, is famous for Changbai Mountain. It is one of the "Top 10 Mountains in China". The name of it means "a mountain which remains white all year round" in Chinese. The name Changbai Mountain was first used in the Liao Dynasty. The mountain was recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas under the name Buxian Mountain. It was called Taibai Mountain in the Tang Dynasty.
In the early morning, we climbed the mountain from the western side. Along the way, we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain. The whole mountain area is under thick snow cover for two months every year. The higher points from 1,500 meters to 2,400 meters above the sea level are covered with snow for more than six months. Changbai Mountain is one of the most popular places for winter sports and amusements. We even tried many thrilling rides on the snow. It was so much fun. Besides, we enjoyed different kinds of foods.
What excited us most is undoubtedly the Tianchi Lake. It is the deepest alpine (高山的) lake in China. The Tianchi Lake is the place where the Songhua, Tumen and Yalu rivers begin and it has been regarded as a mysterious lake. Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there, but we were.
One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs. All our tiredness and pressure were gone there. As visitors, we can't stop being in love with everything we experienced in Changbai Mountain.
根据短文内容，判断句子正 (T) 、误 (F) 。
6. Changbai means "remaining white all year round" in Chinese.
7. The name Changbai Mountain was used in the Tang Dynasty.
8. Along the way, the students were totally shocked at the wild animals.
9. Some visitors can't see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there.
10. The students' tiredness and pressure were taken away by different kinds of foods.
三、
China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar. It stands for the start of spring and farming.
The dragon is important for Chinese people. We Chinese people call ourselves the "descendants (传人) of the dragon". Therefore, people celebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs. On the day in ancient times, people put ash (灰) in the kitchen. This was to "lead the dragon into the house". People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest (收成) in autumn.
Also, people eat special foods on that day. The foods are usually named after dragons. For example, people eat "dragon whisker (须)" noodles and dumplings called "dragon teeth".
Today, many customs have disappeared. But one that has remained is the cutting of hair. It is said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the uncles of the family—mainly mother's brothers. So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day.
根据短文内容，判断句子正 (√)、误 (×)。
11. The Longtaitou is on the third day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar.
12. We Chinese call ourselves the "descendants of the dragon".
13. People put ash in the kitchen on the Dragon Head Raising Day in ancient times.
14. Nowadays, many people don't have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day.
15. The passage mainly tells us how to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in China.
四、
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It is across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it's sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do so, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves and this would be a very big test. On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara.
Every morning they began running at 5:00. At 11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their earphones and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2000 calories (卡路里) of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water. The three men had some problems on their trip and many times they wanted to stop and go home. It was often very hot during the day and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't stop. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower…
根据短文内容，判断句子正（√）、误（×）。
16. It's always very hot in the Sahara Desert.
17. The three men wanted to challenge themselves.
18. Each day the men ran for eight and a half hours.
19. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.
20. They never got lost and finished their trip across the Sahara Desert.
五、
It is well-known that silk was discovered in China. It is wonderfully strong, light and soft. As one of the best materials for clothes, silk has a perfect look and feel that no other materials can match.
There is a story about how silk was discovered. Lei Zu, the wife of Huang Di, was having tea under a mulberry tree when a silkworm cocoon (蚕茧) fell into her cup. As she tried to take the cocoon out, it started to unwind (展开) and the "line" seemed endless. She realized that the strong line could be used to make clothes. Then Lei Zu taught her people how to raise silkworms and how to get silk. In this way, the silk industry was born.
For hundreds of years after that, silk was only used by rich people. It was a symbol of identity and status (身份和地位). With the development of the silk industry, more silk was produced. It was no longer just for rich people. In the Han Dynasty, silk was transported as far away as Spain, Rome and many other countries. The trade road was famously known as the Silk Road, which connected China with the rest of the world.
Today, silk can be used for many kinds of things, not just for clothes but also for paintings, writing brushes, kites and even fishing nets. Wherever silk goes around the world, it is always warmly received.
根据短文内容，判断句子正(√)误(×)。
21. Silk is one of the best materials for clothes.
22. Huang Di discovered silk could be used to make clothes by accident.
23. As more silk was produced, it reached more people's homes.
24. The silk industry was born because of the Silk Road.
25. This passage mainly talks about the history and the popularity of silk.
六、
A middle school in a small town has nearly 900 students. About 90% of them come from low-income (低收入) families. After knowing many students' fathers didn't spend much time with their children, the school started its "Breakfast with Dads" event not long ago. Later the school knew some students didn't have a father able to take part. So they posted a request (请求) for 50 volunteer fathers on the Internet. At first, they worried no one would like to come. Much to their surprise, nearly 600 men showed up at the event.
The students had a nice breakfast and talked with their "dads". One of their favourite activities was learning how to tie a necktie (领带). Some learned it before but forgot, and others tried it for the first time. The experienced "dads" taught the excited children.
"It's amazing to have breakfast and communicate with so many 'dads'! I learned a lot from them!" one boy said excitedly.
根据语篇内容，判断下列句子正 (√) 误 (×) 。
26. Most of the students in the school come from poor families.
27. The school made a request for 50 volunteer fathers on TV.
28. Almost 600 men showed up at the event.
29. Most of the students knew how to tie a necktie before the event.
30. The students felt excited at the event.
答案以及解析
1.答案： √
解析：细节理解题。根据"According to the story, a Tang Dynasty official in Yunnan wanted to show his respect to the emperor."可知，关于这句话的故事发生在唐朝。表述正确。故答案为√。
2.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"He sent a man named Mian Bogao to bring some gifts to the emperor. One of the gifts was a beautiful swan, which was a very valuable gift at the time."可知，云南的一位唐朝官员 想向皇帝表达敬意。他派了一个叫绵伯高的人给皇 帝带了一些礼物。其中一件礼物是一只美丽的天 鹅。故答案为×。
3.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"One day, he passed by a lake and wanted to let the swan drink some water."可 知，他路过一个湖边，想让天鹅喝点水，而不是游 泳，故答案为×。
4.答案： √
解析：细节理解题。根据"He picked up a feather and kept going on his trip."和"This swan feather is light, but it carries my deep respect for you."可知，绵拿起一根羽毛送给了皇帝。故答案为√。
5.答案： √
解析：细节理解题。根据"People now use this saying to show that a good gift doesn't have to be expensive. What matters is the sincerity it carries."可知，从这个故事中，我们知道这句话的意思是礼物的真诚比价格更重要。故答案为√。
6.答案：√
解析：细节理解题。根据"Jilin Province, in the northeast of China, is famous for Changbai Mountain. ... The name of it means 'a mountain which remains white all year round' in Chinese."可知长白在中文中的意思是"一年四季都是白色的"。故填√。
7.答案：×
解析：细节理解题。根据"It was called Taibai Mountain in the Tang Dynasty."可知在唐代并不叫长白山。故填×。
8.答案：×
解析：细节理解题。根据"Along the way, we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain."可知沿途学生们震惊于山的美丽。故填×。
9.答案：√
解析：细节理解题。根据"Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there, but we were."可知有些游客第一次去天池看不清楚。故填√。
10.答案：×
解析：细节理解题。根据"One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs. All our tiredness and pressure were gone there."学生们的压疲累和压力是在泡温泉的时候消失的。故填×。
11.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar"可知龙抬头日是在中国农历的二月初二。故答案为×。
12.答案：√
解析：细节理解题。根据"We Chinese people call ourselves the 'descendants (传人) of the dragon'"可知我们中国人称自己为"龙的传人"。故答案为√。
13.答案： √
解析：细节理解题。根据"On the day in ancient times, people put ash (灰) in the kitchen."可知在古时候，人们把灰放在厨房里。故答案为√。
14.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day."可知很多人在龙抬头这天都要理发。故答案为×。
15.答案： ×
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了二月二龙抬头日。故答案为×。
16.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"During the day it's very hot, and at night it's sometimes very cold."可知，撒哈拉沙漠白天很热，有时候晚上很冷，题干"撒哈拉沙漠总是很热。"表述错误。故答案为×。
17.答案： √
解析：推理判断题。根据"They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do so, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves and this would be a very big test."可知，穿越撒哈拉沙漠是几乎不可能的，但他们想要测试自己，即挑战自己，题干"这三个人都想挑战自己。"表述正确。故答案为√。
18.答案： ×
解析：推理判断题。根据"Every morning they began running at 5:00. At 11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening."可知，他们每天早上5点至11点跑步，11点至下午5点是休息的，下午5点至晚上9:30跑步，因此他们一天跑十个半小时，题干"这些人每天都要跑上八个半小时。"表述错误。故答案为×。
19.答案： √
解析：细节理解题。根据"It was often very hot during day and the heat made them sick."可知，有时天气太热会让他们感到不舒服，题干"他们有时会感到不舒服，因为天气太热了。"表述正确。故答案为√。
20.答案： ×
解析：细节理解题。根据"Sometimes it was very windy and they couldn't see. One time they got lost."可知，他们有时候会迷路，题干"他们从未迷路，并完成了穿越撒哈拉沙漠的旅行。"表述错误。故答案为×。
21.答案：√
解析：根据第一段中的As one of the best materials for clothes,(丝绸是制作衣服的最佳材料之一，）可知，这与题干（丝绸是制作衣服的最好材料之一。）描述相符，故填：√。
22.答案：×
解析：根据第二段中的Lei Zu, the wife of Huang Di, was having tea under a mulberry tree when a silkworm cocoon fell into her it started to unwind and the "line" seemed endless. She realized that the strong line could be used to make clothes（黄帝的妻子Lei Zu在桑树下喝茶时，一个蚕茧掉进了她的杯子里。当她试图把茧取出来时，茧开始松弛，"线"似乎无穷无尽。她意识到这根结实的绳子可以用来做衣服。）可知，这与题干（黄帝偶然发现丝绸可以用来做衣服。）描述不相符，故填：×。
23.答案：√
解析：根据第三段中的With the development of the silk industry, more silk was produced. It was no longer just for rich people.(随着丝绸工业的发展，生产了更多的丝绸。这不再只是富人的事了。）可知，这与题干（随着丝绸产量的增加，越来越多的人开始使用丝绸。）描述相符，故填：√。
24.答案：√
解析：根据第三段中的In the Han Dynasty, silk was transported as far away as Spain, Rome and many other counties. The trade road was famously known as the which connected China with the rest of the world.(汉代，丝绸远销西班牙、罗马等多个国家。这条贸易之路以丝绸之路著称，它将中国与世界其他地区连接起来。）可知，这与题干（丝绸之路催生了丝绸工业。）描述相符，故填：√。
25.答案：√
解析：通读全文可知，短文讲述了丝绸的来源、特点和意义等。这与题干（这篇文章主要谈论丝绸的历史和流行。）描述相符，故填：√。
26.答案：√
解析：细节判断题。根据第一段About 90% of them come from low-income（低收入）families.(其中约90%来自低收入家庭。）可知题干叙述"这所学校的大多数学生都来自贫困家庭。"正确。故答案为：√。
27.答案：×
解析：细节判断题。根据第一段So they posted a request(请求）for 50 volunteer fathers on the Internet.（因此，他们在互联网上发布了50名志愿父亲的请求。）可知题干叙述"学校在电视上征集了50名志愿父亲。"错误。故答案为：×。
28.答案：√
解析：细节判断题。根据第一段Much to their surprise, nearly 600 men showed up at the event.(令他们吃惊的是,近600名男性参加了这次活动。）可知题干叙述"近600名男子参加了这次活动。"正确。故答案为：√。
29.答案：×
解析：细节判断题。根据第二段Some learned it before but forgot, and others tried it for the first time.(有些人以前学过但忘记了，还有一些人是第一次尝试。）可知题干叙述"大多数学生在活动前都知道如何打领带。"错误。故答案为：×。
30.答案：√
解析：细节判断题。根据第三段"It's amazing to have breakfast and communicate with so many 'dads'! I learned a lot from them!" one boy said excitedly.("和这么多'爸爸'一起吃早餐，交流真是太棒了！我从他们身上学到了很多！"一个男孩兴奋地说。）可知题干叙述"学生们对这件事感到兴奋。"正确。故答案为：√。

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