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（2）任务型阅读——2024届中考英语阅读理解提分要义
提分要点
Step 1 明确任务
任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料，在材料后设置 5 个任务，做题时考生应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务要求，再带着任务去阅读材料，有针对性地去读，提高阅读效率。
Step 2 速读全文，了解大意
明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章的主要内容以及文章的感情基调、作者的意图、态度倾向。
概括大意的题目
需要通篇考虑，对要点加以归纳概括。这类题目有时可以从文中找到答案，但有时需要自己概括。
为文章拟标题的题目
可以通过寻找主题句和高频词来完成。主题句往往在首段或尾段，但当没有主题句时，则应全面、简练地去提炼、概括。文章的标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。标题必须遵循概括性原则（最大程度上覆盖全文体现文章的中心大意）和醒目性原则（必须力求吸引读者的注意力）。
Step 3找细节
寻找细节，从原文中找答案
此环节可以采用“跳读”的方式来确定准确答案。如阅读填空、填表题、填写词语、一补全句子的方式完成表格或图表，还有一些题目是对文章细节的直接设问，答案通常可以从原文中找到。
精读细节，理解深层含义
部分题型考查通过已知信息进行推理、研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章寓意的能力。做这一类型的题时需注意：①把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，立足原文，推断求知，不能主观臆造，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点为依据；②在理解全文的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，从设问句的上下文中捕捉线索，对文章的表面意思进行挖掘加工，悟出作者的深层含义或弦外之音。
提分训练
一、
Drones (无人驾驶飞机) can do lots of things, including taking pictures from the sky and watching wild animals. Now these small flying robots begin to change the way of farming.
Looking for sick plants
Drones can find bacteria (细菌) that are harmful to plants in the air from a few kilometers away. Farms can check the drones’ air samples (样本) and try to find ways to protect their plants before the bacteria get to them.
Counting cows
When flying over cows, drones can follow up the cows and find out which fences need fixing. There are also special cameras on drones. They can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cows.
Water watch
After watering the fields, we can often see some places may dry out faster than others. Other places might not get water at all. Drones can look over the field and make a 3D map. Using the map, farmers can find out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.
Spraying pesticide (喷洒农药)
Different parts of a field might have different altitude(海拔). Drones can check for this when flying above the land. Then, they change their height so that they can spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. This is more useful than traditional pesticide spraying. Drones can finish spraying a field much faster than with traditional machines.
1. Farmers can check the drones’ air samples to find ways to _________ before the bacteria get to them.
2. The special cameras help farmers _________ animals which may harm their cows.
3. What can the farmers do by using the 3D map
4. 找出并写下全文的主题句。
5. 将文中划线句子译成汉语。
二、
Most people drink tea in the world. But tea does not mean the same thing to different people. In different countries, people have different ideas about drinking tea.
In China, (1)______, (例如) tea is often served when people get together. Chinese people drink (2) it at home or in tea houses at any time of the day. They often use hot water to boil tea leaves.
Tea is also important in other Asian countries. People in these countries have a special way of serving tea. They hold a tea ceremony (仪式) in their houses when important guests come. (3) It is very old and full of meaning. Everything must be done in a special way in the ceremony. There is even a special room for it in their houses.
In the United States, people usually drink tea at breakfast or (4)他们有时在饭后喝茶. Americans usually use tea bags to make tea. This way is faster and easier than the way of making tea in teapots. In summer, most Americans drink iced tea. They like to put some ice in their tea.
6. 将文中(1)处“例如”翻译成英语___________________________
7. 文中(2)处“it”代替的是________________________(限填一个单词)
8. 将文中(3)处It is very old and full of meaning.译成汉语。
9. 将文中(4)处“他们有时在饭后喝茶.”译成英语。
10. What kind of tea do most Americans drink in summer (根据文章，用完整的句子回答)
三、
The First Lesson is a great public welfare (公益的) program for primary and middle school students across the country. It's shown at 8 p.m. on September 1st every year.
This year's First Lesson takes" Struggling (奋斗) to achieve dreams" as the theme, and it is divided into three parts: working hard, keeping going and fighting together. (1) The program invited some special guest. Winners of "the August 1st Medal", Role Model of the Times, scientific and technological workers, Olympic players and volunteers shared a lively and interesting "first lesson" with students in China.
This year's program moved the classroom to the Wentian space lab. The astronauts of the Shenzhou XIV who were on business in space also joined in the program through the connection. (2) Wang Yaping, China's first female astronaut to walk in space . . .
Besides, this year's class also moved the classroom into Saihanba mechanical (机械的) forest farm and Xihuangbanna Asian elephant saving and breeding (繁殖) center. Students felt the beautiful and amazing land of China. All of them developed their sense of national pride after having this class.
(3) Only if the young are strong can our country be powerful enough. All the students developed the sense of national pride after watching the First Lesson. The First Lesson encourages teenagers to struggle in the new era and start a new journey with lively and exciting stories. As a teenager in the new time, we should think about the purpose of the story characters, regard them as our own example, learn their spirit. In the future, we should become more serious towards study and become a useful person to work hard!
11. 文中(1)处画线部分有错误，改正并抄写。
12. 根据下列单词提示，将文中（2）处画线句子补全，使上下语义通顺、连贯、语法正确（词数不限）。also, share, experience, return, earth, space
13. 将文中（3）处画线句子翻译为汉语。
14. What's the theme of this year's First Lesson
15. How did students feel after watching the First Lesson
四、
Being friends with someone does not mean that you agree with everything he does. Sometimes, you might disagree so strongly with the way a friend behaves that you want to mention it to him. You may find it so hard to talk to your friend. It's important to know some tips on how to make the talk friendly and effective.
Ask yourself what changes you expect. If you plan to tell your friend to change, you need to lay out examples of what you expect him to change first. This may be that a friend is dishonest, too lazy, or sometimes he interferes (干扰) with you.
Know why you want these changes. Are these changes for your convenience, for your friend's well-being, or a necessary factor (因素) in continuing the friendship You need to be ready to open up and give him the truth. For example, you can express how bad you feel and what will happen if your friend makes a change.
Pick the right time and place to talk. You should have this talk in person if possible. Pick a time when neither of the friends is too stressed and meet somewhere that you won't be interrupted.
Talk to the friend calmly. It can make you communicate with your friend clearly. When you talk, don't raise the voice to your friend.
16. If you want your friend to change, you need to _______ examples of what you expect him to change first.
17. You need to open up and give your friend the truth to know why you want _______.
18. When is the right time to have a talk with the friend
19. How can you communicate with your friend clearly
20. Three: Find out and write down the topic sentence of the passage.
五、
"No touching" is a rule of many museums. However, there is a museum where touching is the most important thing to do. It is Please Touch Museum, a museum in Philadelphia, the USA. It encourages visitors to touch, feel and see everything in it.
Please Touch Museum opened in 1976 and has been a good place for kids and parents ever since. It offers interactive exhibits (互动式展品) on art, history , science, culture, and more for all ages. There are also special events for the whole family. There is always something new to see and do.
The "Food & Family" exhibit is one of the museum's most popular exhibits. Kids learn about where food comes from, where they can find it, and how important it is in different cultures. Kids can do role-playing there. Kids will shop for dinner at the supermarket, make a pizza in the kitchen and study cheeses and tea from around the world.
The museum is educational, and the interactive exhibits make learning fun. Also, there is an area in the museum for parents and their kids to talk, play and spend time together. What's more, the tickets aren't expensive! That's why it's so popular with families.
阅读短文，完成下列任务。
21. When and where did the Please Touch Museum open (no more than 7 words)
______________________________________________
22. What does the museum encourage visitors to do (no more than 11 words)
______________________________________________
23. What is the last paragraph mainly about (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________
24. 请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
______________________________________________
25. 请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
______________________________________________
六、
Last week we went on a school trip to a science museum. Ms. Liu, the guide, showed us around a smart home.
We started with the front door. Ms. Liu asked me to ring the doorbell. I didn't notice the tiny camera that was fixed just above it. After I pressed (按) the doorbell, the camera sent a live video (视频直播) to the home-owners. "They can electronically open the door when they are not at home," said Ms. Liu.
The other thing I couldn't see on the door was a lock. "There must be one," I thought. At this time, Ms. Liu took out a smart phone and put it against the door. And it opened. "Oh, the key is on the smart phone."
After entering the living room, I saw a computer on a table. By using the computer, the owners can control how much energy is used. In this way, they can manage their living cost.
One of the rooms I wanted to see most was the bedroom. To my great surprise, the bed disappeared into the floor at the touch of the smart phone. The window has a smart blind (百叶窗). It can be raised and lowered with a voice.
As I left the smart home, I looked back on what I had just seen. Scientists often say that these products are improving our life. I think the technology in the smart home may make us lazier. However, there is no doubt that it will become more popular in the homes of tomorrow.
26. Ms. Liu showed the students around ___________________ in a science museum.
27. The home-owners can electronically ___________________ when they are not at home.
28. Where is the key to the door
29. How can the owners control how much energy is used
30. Do you like the technology in the smart home Why or why not
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案： protect their plants
解析：根据文中 Farmers can check the drones' air samples and try to find ways to protect their plants before the bacteria get to them.可知农民可以检查无人机的空气样本，在细菌到达之前找到保护植物的方法。故答案为protect their plants。
2.答案：look for
解析：根据文中There are also special cameras on drones. They can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cows.可知无人机上也有特殊的摄像头。他们可以帮助农民寻找可能伤害他们奶牛的动物。故答案为look for。
3.答案： They can find out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.
解析：根据文中Using the map farmers can find out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.可知使用这张地图，农民可以发现某块地的哪些部分是干的，哪些地方需要改进。故答案为They can find out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.。
4.答案： Now these small flying robots begin to change the way of farming.
解析：由首段Now these small flying robots begin to change the way of farming.可知现在这些小型飞行机器人开始改变耕作方式。故答案为Now these small flying robots begin to change the way of farming。
5.答案：无人机可以比传统机器更快地完成田间喷洒。
解析：spraying：喷洒；much faster than...:比...快。tradition：传统。故答案为"无人驾驶飞机喷洒田地的速度比传统机器快得多。"或者"无人驾驶飞机可以比传统机器更快地完成田间喷洒。"
二、
6.答案： for example
解析：考查英汉互译，for example的意思是例如，故填写"for example "。
7.答案： tea
解析：考查对文章细节的理解，根据"tea is often served when people get together"人们在一起的时候会喝茶，可知下文it应该是讲中国人在一天中的任何时候都在家里或茶馆里喝茶，故it指代茶，故填tea。
8.答案：这是一种古老而且充满深意的仪式。
解析：考查英汉互译，meaning 的意思是意义；含义，full of 充满，故可翻译为"这是一种古老而且充满深意的仪式"。
9. 答案： They sometimes drink tea after meals.
解析：考查英汉互译，sometimes的意思是有时，故填"They sometimes drink tea after meals"。
10. 答案： Most Americans drink iced tea in summer.
解析：考查对文章细节的理解，根据"In summer，most Americans drink iced tea"可知夏天，他们喝冰茶，故填Most Americans drink iced tea in summer。
三、
11.答案： The program invited some special guests.
解析：根据some一些，后跟名词复数，故把guest改成guests。故填：The program invited some special guests.
12.答案： also shared her experience of returning to the earth from space.
解析：根据句意，王亚平也分享了她从太空返回地球的经历。根据上文一般过去时，分享shared，返回地球的经历experience of returning to the earth，故填：also shared her experience of returning to the earth from space.
13.答案： 少年强则国强。
解析：Only if，只有；the young are strong ，少年强壮；our country be powerful enough，我们祖国足够强大。故填：少年强则国强。
14.答案： Struggling to achieve dreams.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段This year's First Lesson takes " Struggling（奋斗）to achieve dreams " as the theme（今年的第一课以"奋斗实现梦想"为主题）可知今年第一课的主题是"奋斗实现梦想"，故填：Struggling to achieve dreams.
15.答案： They developed the sense of national pride after watching the First Lesson.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段All the students developed the sense of national pride after watching the First Lesson.（所有的学生在看了第一课后都产生了民族自豪感。）可知所有的学生在看了第一课后都产生了民族自豪感。故填：They developed the sense of national pride after watching the First Lesson.
四、
16.答案： lay out
解析：根据第二段中的"If you plan to tell your friend to change, you need to lay out examples of what you expect him to change first."可知，如果你打算告诉你的朋友去改变，你需要首先列出你希望他改变的例子。故填lay out。
17.答案： these changes
解析：根据第三段中的"Know why you want these changes. Are these changes for your convenience, for your friend's well-being, or a necessary factor (因素) in continuing the friendship You need to be ready to open up and give him the truth."可知，你需要敞开心扉，告诉你的朋友你为什么想要这些改变。故填these changes。
18.答案： When neither of the friends is too stressed./It's when neither of the friends is too stressed.
解析：根据倒数第二段中的"Pick a time when neither of the friends is too stressed and meet somewhere that you won't be interrupted."可知，和朋友谈话的合适时间是当朋友都没有太大压力的时候。故填When neither of the friends is too stressed./It's when neither of the friends is too stressed.
19.答案： By talking to the friend calmly./I can talk to the friend calmly.
解析：根据最后一段中的"Talk to the friend calmly. It can make you communicate with your friend clearly."可知，冷静地与朋友交谈。它可以让你与朋友清晰地交流。故填By talking to the friend calmly./I can talk to the friend calmly.
20.答案： It's important to know some tips on how to make the talk friendly and effective.
解析：根据第一段中的"It's important to know some tips on how to make the talk friendly and effective."及全文可知，本文就如何友好和有效的和朋友沟通给出的几点建议。故填It's important to know some tips on how to make the talk friendly and effective.
五、
21.答案：In 1976 in Philadelphia, the USA.
解析：根据文章第一段第三句话"It is Please Touch Museum, a museum in Philadelphia, the USA."和第二段第一句话"Please Touch Museum opened in 1976 and..."可知答案。
22.答案：It encourages visitors to touch, feel and see everything in it.
解析：根据文章第一段最后一句话"It encourages visitors to touch, feel and see everything in it."可知答案。
23.答案：Why the museum is so popular with families.
解析：根据最后一段可知,这个博物馆很有教育意义,有让家长和孩子一起度过快乐时光的展区并且票价不贵。由此判断整个段落主要讲述了博物馆受欢迎的原因。
24.答案：孩子们了解到食物来自哪里、他们在哪里能找到食物以及食物在不同文化中有多重要。
25.答案：A Special Museum—Please Touch Museum
解析：文章介绍了美国的一家特殊的博物馆—请触摸博物馆
六、
26.答案：a smart home
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Ms. Liu, the guide, showed us around a smart home.（导游刘女士带我们参观了智能屋。）可知我们参观了智能屋。故填a smart home。
27.答案： open the door
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段They can electronically open the door when they are not at home(当他们不在家时它们可以用电控开门。）可知此处指开门。故填open the door。
28.答案： On the smart phone.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Oh, the key is on the smart phone.(哦,钥匙在智能手机上。）可知钥匙在手机上。故填On the smart phone.
29.答案： By using the computer.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段By using the computer, the owners can control how much energy is used.(通过使用电脑,主人可以控制使用多少能量。）可知通过使用电脑，主人可以控制使用多少能量。故填By using the computer.
30.答案：略
解析：开放性问题。答案合理即可。

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