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专题06 阅读理解之细节理解题
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物，现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。这类题型是目前阅读理解中考查最多的题型，其中前三种是高考英语中常考的题型，后两种近年考查较少。
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written for ...
② When the writer says … he really means ...
③ The author’s attitude to… is that ...
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage
⑤ The writer regards… as ...
⑥ The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ...
高考细节理解题主要分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。
1.直接辨认：细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。
2.间接辨认：间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。
题型归纳
题型01 直接信息题
【题型诠释】
对于直接信息题，学生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中)
Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes
This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy.
Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up staff. They are conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny material and you will be well rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy classes are offered to both beginners and advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side Comedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club
Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube
Fees:
If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks or credit cards.
Your instructor: Becky Veduccio
Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up comedy in New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and feature films. And she competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent.
Her film works include Return to Me, Maid in Manhattan and Random Hearts. As a writer, she was chosen as one of ’s top five “Favorite Mommy Bloggers” for her humorous articles on the website. In 2015, she won the New York Press Club Award for humorous writing. As an instructor, Becky has taught stand-up comedy to every age group — from elementary school kids and teenagers to university students and adults. She believes everyone has a comedic voice.
1. What can be learned about the workshop
A. There are three seats left at present. B. It focuses on both writing and acting.
C. There are online shows on May 20th. D. It is specially designed for headliners.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy. (我们的研讨班强调单口喜剧的写作和表演，这是单口喜剧的两个关键组成部分。)”可知，研讨班专注于写作和表演。故选B项。
2. How much will a returning student save on the fee
A. $10. B. $50. C. $60. D. $80.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。
题型02 直接理解题
【题型诠释】
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a secluded shoreline. But many adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
22. What can you learn from the passage
A. Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the most economic way to experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
D. Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
题型03 间接信息题
【题型诠释】
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
【典例3】(2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中) The older I get, the more I understand how my teachers have transformed my life.
On a recent Sunday afternoon, I went to see Mr. C at Roxbury Park in Beverly Hills. His love of life has not faded despite the fact that his legs no longer work like they used to. He visited some of his former students while he was in town. At Beverly Hills High School, Mr. C taught ancient history, coached football and golf, and risked his life teaching driver’s training on Saturday mornings from 1964 to 1988. The now gray students lined up one after another to thank their favorite teacher. One called him a rock star. Another thanked him for knowing he needed help when he couldn’t say so. It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times of severe teacher shortages.
Mr. C deserves our love. To say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed who I thought I could be. Rather than seeing myself as a loser cheerleader who couldn’t compete with the smart kids, I realized how much I loved learning. His history class was so interesting. In his classes about the Persians, Greeks, and Romans, extra credits can be earned for creativity. During earthquake drills, we counted on Mr. C to scream his head off in pretended terror.
It should come as little surprise that I’d value the role of teachers in my life. Both of my parents taught; so did my brothers, aunts, uncles and cousins. I, too, have become a teacher and I try to follow in Mr. C’s footsteps. Some days, I fantasize what it would be like to go on a teacher tour, reaching out to my mentors to express my deep gratitude for all they’ve given me. Seeing Mr. C sparked that fantasy again. When I finally worked up my courage to thank him, knowing a floodgate of tears would open, he said to me with his typical modesty, “You were doing me more good than I was doing you.”
4. Why was the tribute to Mr. C particularly touching
A. Mr. C’s passion for life dimmed due to injuries.
B. Mr. C worked hard when school was short-handed.
C. Mr. C was treated as a rock star by his colleagues.
D. Mr. C risked his life in teaching football and golf.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times of severe teacher shortages. (这是一个美丽的致敬，特别是在这个教师严重短缺的时代。)”可知，对C先生的致敬特别感人是因为C先生在学校人手不足时努力工作。故选B。
5. Which is not the reason why Mr. C became a beloved teacher
A. His history class was engaging. B. He coached students in earthquake drills.
C. He encouraged innovative ideas. D. He sparked students’ interest in learning.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mr. C deserves our love. To say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed who I thought I could be. Rather than seeing myself as a loser cheerleader who couldn’t compete with the smart kids, I realized how much I loved learning. His history class was so interesting. In his classes about the Persians, Greeks, and Romans, extra credits can he earned for creativity. During earthquake drills, we counted on Mr. C to scream his head off in pretended terror.(C先生值得我们爱。说C先生改变了我的生活是轻描淡写的。我是说他改变了我对自己的看法。我不再把自己看作是一个无法与聪明的孩子竞争的失败者啦啦队长，而是意识到我是多么热爱学习。他的历史课很有趣。在他关于波斯人、希腊人和罗马人的课程中，他可以因创造力而获得额外的学分。地震演习时，我们指望C先生假装害怕地尖叫。)”可知，C先生并没有在地震演习中训练学生。故选B。
题型04 数字计算题
【题型诠释】
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
【典例4】(2023上·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习) Benefiting from the 5,000 years history, many ancient cities exist in the vast land of China. Here are 4 ancient cities in China and each has their unique features.
Shangqiu Ancient City
●History: 4,000 years
●Opening Hours: 08:00-17:30 in winter; 08:00-18: 00 in summer
●Ticket Price: 70 per combo ticket (组合票)
Situated in the Yellow River Valley, Shangqiu area is considered the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The best time to visit it is around the Chinese New Year, when the grandest temple fair at Shangqiu is held to worship the God of Fire.
Ancient City of Pingyao
●History: 2,700 years
●Opening Hours: 08: 00-17: 30
●Ticket Price: Free entry
It has no charming landscape, green mountains or clear waters. What is unique there is the well-pre served ancient city with a grand City Wall, traditional residences, time-honored shops, and even the previous government office.
Fenghuang Ancient Town
●History: 467 years
●Opening Hours: all day;08: 00-17: 30 for Tuo River day cruise;18: 00-22: 30 for night cruise
●Ticket Price: Free entry
Constructed in 1556, Fenghuang Ancient Town is another historical city in China known for ethnic diversity. Generations of Miao, Tujia and Han people live here, and it now accommodates28 ethnic groups in total.
Huizhou Ancient City
●History: 2,240 years
●Opening Hours: 08: 00-17: 00
●Ticket Price: 95 for one adult; 140 for one adult and one child; 230 for two adults and one child. Huizhou Ancient City is famous for its unique architectural style since the old days. The Huizhou-style building is one of the most important architectural schools in China, using bricks, wood, and stones as the raw materials.
23. How much will a family of a couple and a child pay for Huizhou Ancient City
A. 95. B. 140. C. 230. D. 235.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Huizhou Ancient City中的“Ticket Price: 95 for one adult; 140 for one adult and one child; 230 for two adults and one child (票价：成人95元；成人1人、儿童1人140元；2名成人和1名儿童230元)”可知，一对夫妇，即两名成年人和一个孩子共支付230元。故选C项。
题型05 排列顺序题
【题型诠释】
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
【典例5】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题中的排列顺序题。根据第三段“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。
题型06 图表图画题
【题型诠释】
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
【典例6】(2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考期中)
Bringing Goods into the UK
You are allowed to bring some goods for personal use without paying tax or duty.
Arrivals from EU countries
You can bring goods from EU countries without being charged tax or duty if they are:
●transported by yourself; ●a gift or for personal use; ●bought with tax and duty included
You can bring alcohol and tobacco from EU countries without restriction but an inquiry might be required depending on the amount of your goods.
Arrivals from outside the EU
You will be free of duty or tax on certain amounts of goods brought from outside the EU, as long as they are for your own use. Any goods that are beyond your allowance should be declared.
Alcohol & tobacco allowance
Type of goods Cigarettes Cigars Tobacco Beer Wine (not sparking wine) Spirits Alcoholic drinks
Amount 200 50 250 grams 16 litres 4 litres 1 litres 2 litres
※There are no duty-free allowances for tobacco or alcohol if you’re under 17.
Allowance for other goods:
The maximum value of other goods you can bring is 390. Any single item that is worth more than the allowance will be charged duty or tax on its full value.
The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is:
●2.5% for goods worth up to 630;
●decided by the type of goods worth above 630-check by calling the VAT, Customs and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK; 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Working time: 8 am to 6 pm, Monday to Friday,
Banned and restricted goods
Goods banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●offensive weapons; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy products from most non-EU countries.
Food and plant products restricted include;
●products containing pests and diseases;
●products grown outside the EU;
●products not for your own use.
We reserve the right to seize the goods which are on suspicion of violating intellectual property rights.
4. Which of the following products from outside the EU has the largest duty-free allowance
A. Beer. B. Wine (not sparkling wine).
C. Spirits. D. Alcoholic drinks.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alcohol & tobacco allowance 表格中“Beer：16 litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。
5. How much tax shall one coming from China pay for a ring bought in America worth 500
A. 2. 75 B. 12.5 C. 110. D. 130.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据 “The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is: ●2.5% for goods worth up to 630(超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%)”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B。
6. Which of the following items shall be banned or restricted
A. A set of Russian dolls. B. A bottle of French wine.
C. A brick of Australian cheese. D. A package of Spanish cigarettes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Goods banned include: ●meat and dairy products from most non-EU countries.(禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。
高考练场
题型01 直接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
题型02 直接理解题
(2023年新课标高考英语甲卷B篇) Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
27. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
题型03 间接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语乙卷C) What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
题型04 数字计算题
(2022年新课标高考英语乙卷A篇)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct.,15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov.,13:10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday: 10:00-17:45
Sunday: 12:00 -17:45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17:15.There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4: Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12.　　 D.￡16.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知，参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子，再根据Admission中的内容可知，一名成年人可带十二岁以下儿童参观，儿童免费，成年人一位需要花费4英镑，两个大人是8英镑。故选B项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a secluded shoreline. But many adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
1. Who are the intended readers
A. Red-blooded males . B. White-collar staff. C. Blue-blooded tourists. D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can you learn from the passage
A. Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the most economic way to experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
D. Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which column will you find this passage
A. Feature. B. Style. C. Travel. D. Entertainment.
B
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一中校考阶段练习) On July 11, 2023, scientists selected Crawford Lake in Canada to represent the start of the Anthropocene, a new geological (地质的) time period dominated by human beings instead of the force of nature. The scientists said that sediments (沉积物) at the bottom of the lake clearly show the impact of industrialized humanity on Earth from the 1950s onwards.
The Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) was set up in 2009. In 2016, it concluded that human-caused changes to Earth were so great that a new geological time unit was necessary. The AWG then assessed twelve sites across the world as candidates for what geologists call a “golden spike”, the place where the sudden and global changes marking the start of the new geological time period are best recorded in Earth. After three rounds of voting, the AWG selected Crawford Lake.
“The lake is 24 meters deep but covers only 6 acres,” said Francine McCarthy, a member of the AWG. “It is so special that the bottom waters and surface waters do not mix, except for what gently sinks to the bottom and settles down in sediments. As a result, they allow us to see the changes in Earth history.”
The AWG has chosen the plutonium isotopes (钚同位素) from H-bomb tests as the key marker for the Anthropocene, as they were spread globally from 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments. There are other important markers in the lake sediments, including CO2 fingerprints produced by the burning of fossil fuels in power plants.
“The 1950s saw the start of a sharp increase in industrial, transport and economic activities that have had huge impacts on Earth,” added McCarthy. “But it is the sharp increase in plutonium specifically that we chose as the key marker.”
Experts said the decision has social and political importance, as it would draw attention to the role that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the most obvious impact of the Anthropocene, but huge losses of wildlife, the spread of foreign species, and the widespread pollution of the planet are also key features.
4. Why is Crawford Lake selected as the “golden spike”
A. It can best show the sudden and global changes in Earth.
B. It is close to the testing site of the first nuclear bomb.
C. It can completely separate its sediments from the air.
D. It is located in one of the most industrialized countries.
5. When did the Anthropocene start
A. In 1950. B. In 1952. C. In 2009. D. In 2016.
6. What is considered as the key marker for the Anthropocene
A. The climate crisis. B. The losses of wildlife.
C. The CO2 fingerprints. D. The plutonium isotopes.
7. What might be the significance of the adoption of the Anthropocene
A. It will play a key role in slowing down industrialization.
B. It might help human beings to understand their importance.
C. It would raise public awareness of environment protection.
D. It can encourage the unity between the public and politicians.
C
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中) The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平). The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity as “a zero-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is commonly believed that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.” What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.”
There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle (密商) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it’s used by every team to prevent the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.
8. What does the underlined quote from the disability rights leader imply concerning a six-inch curb
A. It is an unforgettable symbol. B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an important sign. D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. According to Angela Blackwell, what do many people believe
A. It’s not worthwhile to promote health equity.
B. It’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled.
C. It’s impossible to have everyone treated equally.
D. It’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others.
10. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle
A. Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.
B. Four great inventions of China spread to the west.
C. Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.
D. Classic literature got translated into many languages.
11. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
A. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all.
B. Action empowers those with opportunities for better solutions.
C. Society should create circumstances that get everyone involved.
D. Everyday items are originally invented for people in need of help.
D
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) Going green is good for business. Consumers are often willing to pay more for eco-friendly products than other comparable products on the market, according to market research. But not all environmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a form of misinformation often used to fascinate an enthusiastic green panies promising to be sustainable, or biodegradable sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers.
Greenwashing is particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bédat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) focused on improving the industry’s environmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way for the industry to attract consumers. “I think we’re at the top of green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead consumers by distracting them from a company’s larger issues. For example, a large retailer might roll out a new line of products, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefore theoretically has less of an environmental impact than the other clothes the company sells. “You think ‘Oh that sounds great,’” Bédat says. But that same company might ignore water usage in the rest of their products lines, while doing nothing to address the other ways that their production might be harming the environment.
When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbon neutral (碳中和)” still produces more carbon than wearing a sweater already in your closet. She notes, “The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more.”
As more companies look to cash in on sustainable marketing, governments are beginning to take more action to safeguard consumers. In New York, The Fashion Act would require fashion companies operating in the state to obey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brought forth by members of the European Union would more strictly regulate environmental claims and sustainability labels slapped on products sold in Europe.
12. What is the purpose of greenwashing
A. To advocate proper use of water. B. To introduce green ways to wash clothes.
C. To reduce the impact on environment. D. To appeal to those eco-friendly customers.
13. What does the example in paragraph 3 present
A. A new trend in fashion. B. A new kind of product.
C. A trick of greenwashing. D. A large issue of a company.
14. What is Bérdat’s attitude towards greenwashing
A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant.
15. Why did European Union put forward a new law
A. To enhance the quality of products. B. To shelter customers from greenwashing.
C. To raise people’s awareness of going green. D. To encourage carbon-neutral product lines.
A篇
1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness. (这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者应该是新手露营者。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.(多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及标题“Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you (露营小贴士：哪种过夜的野外体验适合你？)”和第一段“If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，这些人从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但他们正在认真考虑在野外过夜)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议。由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选C项。
B篇
4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年7月11日，AWG决定把加拿大境内的Crawford Lake认定为“人类世”开始的地理标记。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The AWG then assessed twelve sites across the world as candidates for what geologists call a ‘golden spike’, the place where the sudden and global changes marking the start of the new geological time period are best recorded in Earth.(AWG随后评估了世界各地的12个地点，作为地质学家所说的“金穗”的候选地点，在这里，地球上最能记录到标志着新地质时期开始的全球突然变化)”以及第三段中“It is so special that the bottom waters and surface waters do not mix, except for what gently sinks to the bottom and settles down in sediments. As a result, they allow us to see the changes in Earth history.(它是如此特殊，以至于底层水和表层水不会混合，除了那些轻轻沉入海底并沉淀在沉积物中的水。因此，它们使我们能够看到地球历史的变化)”可知，Crawford Lake被选中的原因是它最能显示地球的突然的和全球性变化。故选A项。
5. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The AWG has chosen the plutonium isotopes (钚同位素) from H-bomb tests as the key marker for the Anthropocene, as they were spread globally from 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments.(AWG选择来自氢弹试验的钚同位素作为人类世的关键标志，因为它们从1952年开始在全球传播，但在20世纪60年代中期禁止核试验后迅速减少，导致沉积物激增)”可知，人类世开始于1952年。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“But it is the sharp increase in plutonium specifically that we chose as the key marker.(但我们选择钚的急剧增加作为关键标志)”可知，钚同位素被认为是人类世的关键标志。故选D项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts said the decision has social and political importance, as it would draw attention to the role that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the most obvious impact of the Anthropocene, but huge losses of wildlife, the spread of foreign species, and the widespread pollution of the planet are also key features.(专家表示，这一决定具有社会和政治意义，因为它将引起人们对工业化人类在塑造地球方面所起作用的关注。气候危机是人类世最明显的影响，但野生动物的巨大损失、外来物种的传播和地球的广泛污染也是主要特征)”可知，采用人类世的意义在于它将提高公众的环保意识。故选C项。
C篇
8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过“路缘坡效应”讲述了当社会为弱势群体创造便利时，可能也会同时帮助其他群体，从而惠及所有人。
8. 短语猜测题。根据第三段中画线词前一句“That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps to help them move along city blocks without assistance.(对于坐轮椅的人来说，这是一件大事，因为没有坡道可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。)”可知，在没有坡道时，坐轮椅的人没有办法上下路缘，这里一位残疾人权益领导说一个六英尺高的路缘“might as well have been Mount Everest”，即相当于珠穆朗玛峰，由此可推测出，这暗示了一个六英尺高的路缘对坐轮椅的人来说是一个难以通过的障碍。故选B。
9. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity as ‘a zero-sum game(零和游戏)’ and that it is commonly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.’(Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将公平视为‘零和游戏’，人们普遍认为存在‘有成见的社会怀疑：故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。’)”可知，许多人认为公平是“零和游戏”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的损失，他们普遍认为故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。由此可推测出，许多人认为公平对待所有人是不可能的。故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that ‘when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.’(不过，Blackwell说，路缘坡效应表明，‘当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。’)”可知，路缘坡效应表明，当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。结合四个选项可知，代表先进技术中国四大发明传入当时条件落后的西方，让西方国家学习到了新技术，同时为欧洲人开辟新航路、打开世界市场提供了条件，从而给整个世界带来了改变，这是共赢的局面。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
D篇
12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了消费者倾向于购买环保产品，但很多公司往往进行虚假的环保宣传，尤其是时尚行业，这种“漂绿”行为容易误导消费者，所以消费者需要重新思考自己的购物行为，政府也开始采取措施保护消费者。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Greenwashing’ is a form of misinformation often used to fascinate an enthusiastic green consumer.(‘漂绿’是一种错误信息，经常被用来吸引热情的环保消费者。)”可知，“漂绿”的目的是吸引那些环保消费者。故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Retailers(零售商) will mislead consumers by distracting them from a company’s larger issues.(零售商会通过分散消费者对公司更大问题的注意力来误导消费者。)”可知，本段首先指出零售商误导消费者的手段，即通过分散消费者对更大问题的注意力，接着举了一家大型零售商通过用水量少的牛仔裤吸引大众，让大众忽视该公司其他损害环境的产品这一例子具体说明。由此可推测出，这个例子展示了“漂绿”的骗人把戏。故选C。
14. 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bédat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) focused on improving the industry’s environmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库——新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits.(谈到时尚，Bérdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话“The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“As more companies look to cash in on sustainable marketing, governments are beginning to take more action to safeguard consumers.(随着越来越多的公司寻求从可持续营销中获利，政府开始采取更多行动来保护消费者。)”和最后一句“A new law brought forth by members of the European Union would more strictly regulate environmental claims and sustainability labels slapped on products sold in Europe.(欧盟成员国提出的一项新法律将更严格地监管在欧洲销售的产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签。)”可知，欧盟提出的一项新法律有利于严格规范产品上的环境声明和可持续性标签，这属于政府层面的保护措施，能够更好地保护消费者免受漂绿的误导。故选B。专题06 阅读理解之细节理解题
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物，现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。这类题型是目前阅读理解中考查最多的题型，其中前三种是高考英语中常考的题型，后两种近年考查较少。
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written for ...
② When the writer says … he really means ...
③ The author’s attitude to… is that ...
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage
⑤ The writer regards… as ...
⑥ The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ...
高考细节理解题主要分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。
1.直接辨认：细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息，要求学生记住重要的细节，在需要的时候能准确而迅速地将他们回忆出来。
2.间接辨认：间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行同义转换，用同义或近义的形式复述出来，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义，以检测考生的句义复述能力。
题型归纳
题型01 直接信息题
【题型诠释】
对于直接信息题，学生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中)
Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes
This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy.
Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up staff. They are conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny material and you will be well rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy classes are offered to both beginners and advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side Comedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club
Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube
Fees:
If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks or credit cards.
Your instructor: Becky Veduccio
Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up comedy in New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and feature films. And she competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent.
Her film works include Return to Me, Maid in Manhattan and Random Hearts. As a writer, she was chosen as one of ’s top five “Favorite Mommy Bloggers” for her humorous articles on the website. In 2015, she won the New York Press Club Award for humorous writing. As an instructor, Becky has taught stand-up comedy to every age group — from elementary school kids and teenagers to university students and adults. She believes everyone has a comedic voice.
1. What can be learned about the workshop
A. There are three seats left at present. B. It focuses on both writing and acting.
C. There are online shows on May 20th. D. It is specially designed for headliners.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy. (我们的研讨班强调单口喜剧的写作和表演，这是单口喜剧的两个关键组成部分。)”可知，研讨班专注于写作和表演。故选B项。
2. How much will a returning student save on the fee
A. $10. B. $50. C. $60. D. $80.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Fees部分中“If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。)”可知，老生可以节省60美元的学费。故选C项。
题型02 直接理解题
【题型诠释】
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
【典例2】(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a secluded shoreline. But many adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
22. What can you learn from the passage
A. Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the most economic way to experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
D. Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Backpacking中“A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以让你与自然进行深入的交流。故选A项。
题型03 间接信息题
【题型诠释】
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
【典例3】(2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中) The older I get, the more I understand how my teachers have transformed my life.
On a recent Sunday afternoon, I went to see Mr. C at Roxbury Park in Beverly Hills. His love of life has not faded despite the fact that his legs no longer work like they used to. He visited some of his former students while he was in town. At Beverly Hills High School, Mr. C taught ancient history, coached football and golf, and risked his life teaching driver’s training on Saturday mornings from 1964 to 1988. The now gray students lined up one after another to thank their favorite teacher. One called him a rock star. Another thanked him for knowing he needed help when he couldn’t say so. It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times of severe teacher shortages.
Mr. C deserves our love. To say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed who I thought I could be. Rather than seeing myself as a loser cheerleader who couldn’t compete with the smart kids, I realized how much I loved learning. His history class was so interesting. In his classes about the Persians, Greeks, and Romans, extra credits can be earned for creativity. During earthquake drills, we counted on Mr. C to scream his head off in pretended terror.
It should come as little surprise that I’d value the role of teachers in my life. Both of my parents taught; so did my brothers, aunts, uncles and cousins. I, too, have become a teacher and I try to follow in Mr. C’s footsteps. Some days, I fantasize what it would be like to go on a teacher tour, reaching out to my mentors to express my deep gratitude for all they’ve given me. Seeing Mr. C sparked that fantasy again. When I finally worked up my courage to thank him, knowing a floodgate of tears would open, he said to me with his typical modesty, “You were doing me more good than I was doing you.”
4. Why was the tribute to Mr. C particularly touching
A. Mr. C’s passion for life dimmed due to injuries.
B. Mr. C worked hard when school was short-handed.
C. Mr. C was treated as a rock star by his colleagues.
D. Mr. C risked his life in teaching football and golf.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was a beautiful tribute (致敬), especially in these times of severe teacher shortages. (这是一个美丽的致敬，特别是在这个教师严重短缺的时代。)”可知，对C先生的致敬特别感人是因为C先生在学校人手不足时努力工作。故选B。
5. Which is not the reason why Mr. C became a beloved teacher
A. His history class was engaging. B. He coached students in earthquake drills.
C. He encouraged innovative ideas. D. He sparked students’ interest in learning.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mr. C deserves our love. To say that Mr. C changed my life is an understatement. And by that, I mean he changed who I thought I could be. Rather than seeing myself as a loser cheerleader who couldn’t compete with the smart kids, I realized how much I loved learning. His history class was so interesting. In his classes about the Persians, Greeks, and Romans, extra credits can he earned for creativity. During earthquake drills, we counted on Mr. C to scream his head off in pretended terror.(C先生值得我们爱。说C先生改变了我的生活是轻描淡写的。我是说他改变了我对自己的看法。我不再把自己看作是一个无法与聪明的孩子竞争的失败者啦啦队长，而是意识到我是多么热爱学习。他的历史课很有趣。在他关于波斯人、希腊人和罗马人的课程中，他可以因创造力而获得额外的学分。地震演习时，我们指望C先生假装害怕地尖叫。)”可知，C先生并没有在地震演习中训练学生。故选B。
题型04 数字计算题
【题型诠释】
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
【典例4】(2023上·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习) Benefiting from the 5,000 years history, many ancient cities exist in the vast land of China. Here are 4 ancient cities in China and each has their unique features.
Shangqiu Ancient City
●History: 4,000 years
●Opening Hours: 08:00-17:30 in winter; 08:00-18: 00 in summer
●Ticket Price: 70 per combo ticket (组合票)
Situated in the Yellow River Valley, Shangqiu area is considered the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The best time to visit it is around the Chinese New Year, when the grandest temple fair at Shangqiu is held to worship the God of Fire.
Ancient City of Pingyao
●History: 2,700 years
●Opening Hours: 08: 00-17: 30
●Ticket Price: Free entry
It has no charming landscape, green mountains or clear waters. What is unique there is the well-pre served ancient city with a grand City Wall, traditional residences, time-honored shops, and even the previous government office.
Fenghuang Ancient Town
●History: 467 years
●Opening Hours: all day;08: 00-17: 30 for Tuo River day cruise;18: 00-22: 30 for night cruise
●Ticket Price: Free entry
Constructed in 1556, Fenghuang Ancient Town is another historical city in China known for ethnic diversity. Generations of Miao, Tujia and Han people live here, and it now accommodates28 ethnic groups in total.
Huizhou Ancient City
●History: 2,240 years
●Opening Hours: 08: 00-17: 00
●Ticket Price: 95 for one adult; 140 for one adult and one child; 230 for two adults and one child. Huizhou Ancient City is famous for its unique architectural style since the old days. The Huizhou-style building is one of the most important architectural schools in China, using bricks, wood, and stones as the raw materials.
23. How much will a family of a couple and a child pay for Huizhou Ancient City
A. 95. B. 140. C. 230. D. 235.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Huizhou Ancient City中的“Ticket Price: 95 for one adult; 140 for one adult and one child; 230 for two adults and one child (票价：成人95元；成人1人、儿童1人140元；2名成人和1名儿童230元)”可知，一对夫妇，即两名成年人和一个孩子共支付230元。故选C项。
题型05 排列顺序题
【题型诠释】
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
【典例5】(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中) With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题中的排列顺序题。根据第三段“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。
题型06 图表图画题
【题型诠释】
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
【典例6】(2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考期中)
Bringing Goods into the UK
You are allowed to bring some goods for personal use without paying tax or duty.
Arrivals from EU countries
You can bring goods from EU countries without being charged tax or duty if they are:
●transported by yourself; ●a gift or for personal use; ●bought with tax and duty included
You can bring alcohol and tobacco from EU countries without restriction but an inquiry might be required depending on the amount of your goods.
Arrivals from outside the EU
You will be free of duty or tax on certain amounts of goods brought from outside the EU, as long as they are for your own use. Any goods that are beyond your allowance should be declared.
Alcohol & tobacco allowance
Type of goods Cigarettes Cigars Tobacco Beer Wine (not sparking wine) Spirits Alcoholic drinks
Amount 200 50 250 grams 16 litres 4 litres 1 litres 2 litres
※There are no duty-free allowances for tobacco or alcohol if you’re under 17.
Allowance for other goods:
The maximum value of other goods you can bring is 390. Any single item that is worth more than the allowance will be charged duty or tax on its full value.
The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is:
●2.5% for goods worth up to 630;
●decided by the type of goods worth above 630-check by calling the VAT, Customs and Excise Helpline.
Inside the UK; 0300 200 3700
Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261
Working time: 8 am to 6 pm, Monday to Friday,
Banned and restricted goods
Goods banned include:
●illegal drugs; ●offensive weapons; ●endangered animal and plant species;
●meat and dairy products from most non-EU countries.
Food and plant products restricted include;
●products containing pests and diseases;
●products grown outside the EU;
●products not for your own use.
We reserve the right to seize the goods which are on suspicion of violating intellectual property rights.
4. Which of the following products from outside the EU has the largest duty-free allowance
A. Beer. B. Wine (not sparkling wine).
C. Spirits. D. Alcoholic drinks.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alcohol & tobacco allowance 表格中“Beer：16 litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。
5. How much tax shall one coming from China pay for a ring bought in America worth 500
A. 2. 75 B. 12.5 C. 110. D. 130.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据 “The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is: ●2.5% for goods worth up to 630(超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%)”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B。
6. Which of the following items shall be banned or restricted
A. A set of Russian dolls. B. A bottle of French wine.
C. A brick of Australian cheese. D. A package of Spanish cigarettes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Goods banned include: ●meat and dairy products from most non-EU countries.(禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。
高考练场
题型01 直接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
题型02 直接理解题
(2023年新课标高考英语甲卷B篇) Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
题型03 间接信息题
(2023年新课标高考英语乙卷C篇) What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
题型04 数字计算题
(2022年新课标高考英语乙卷A篇)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct.,15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov.,13:10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday: 10:00-17:45
Sunday: 12:00 -17:45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17:15.There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4: Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12.　　 D.￡16.
名校模拟
A
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校联考阶段练习)
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a secluded shoreline. But many adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
1. Who are the intended readers
A. Red-blooded males . B. White-collar staff. C. Blue-blooded tourists. D. Green-hand campers.
2. What can you learn from the passage
A. Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
B. Car camping is the most economic way to experience nature.
C. The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
D. Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
3. In which column will you find this passage
A. Feature. B. Style. C. Travel. D. Entertainment.
B
(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一中校考阶段练习) On July 11, 2023, scientists selected Crawford Lake in Canada to represent the start of the Anthropocene, a new geological (地质的) time period dominated by human beings instead of the force of nature. The scientists said that sediments (沉积物) at the bottom of the lake clearly show the impact of industrialized humanity on Earth from the 1950s onwards.
The Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) was set up in 2009. In 2016, it concluded that human-caused changes to Earth were so great that a new geological time unit was necessary. The AWG then assessed twelve sites across the world as candidates for what geologists call a “golden spike”, the place where the sudden and global changes marking the start of the new geological time period are best recorded in Earth. After three rounds of voting, the AWG selected Crawford Lake.
“The lake is 24 meters deep but covers only 6 acres,” said Francine McCarthy, a member of the AWG. “It is so special that the bottom waters and surface waters do not mix, except for what gently sinks to the bottom and settles down in sediments. As a result, they allow us to see the changes in Earth history.”
The AWG has chosen the plutonium isotopes (钚同位素) from H-bomb tests as the key marker for the Anthropocene, as they were spread globally from 1952 but declined rapidly after the nuclear test ban in the mid-1960s, creating a spike in sediments. There are other important markers in the lake sediments, including CO2 fingerprints produced by the burning of fossil fuels in power plants.
“The 1950s saw the start of a sharp increase in industrial, transport and economic activities that have had huge impacts on Earth,” added McCarthy. “But it is the sharp increase in plutonium specifically that we chose as the key marker.”
Experts said the decision has social and political importance, as it would draw attention to the role that industrialized humanity plays in shaping Earth. The climate crisis is the most obvious impact of the Anthropocene, but huge losses of wildlife, the spread of foreign species, and the widespread pollution of the planet are also key features.
4. Why is Crawford Lake selected as the “golden spike”
A. It can best show the sudden and global changes in Earth.
B. It is close to the testing site of the first nuclear bomb.
C. It can completely separate its sediments from the air.
D. It is located in one of the most industrialized countries.
5. When did the Anthropocene start
A. In 1950. B. In 1952. C. In 2009. D. In 2016.
6. What is considered as the key marker for the Anthropocene
A. The climate crisis. B. The losses of wildlife.
C. The CO2 fingerprints. D. The plutonium isotopes.
7. What might be the significance of the adoption of the Anthropocene
A. It will play a key role in slowing down industrialization.
B. It might help human beings to understand their importance.
C. It would raise public awareness of environment protection.
D. It can encourage the unity between the public and politicians.
C
(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中) The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平). The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity as “a zero-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is commonly believed that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.” What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.”
There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle (密商) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it’s used by every team to prevent the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.
8. What does the underlined quote from the disability rights leader imply concerning a six-inch curb
A. It is an unforgettable symbol. B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an important sign. D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. According to Angela Blackwell, what do many people believe
A. It’s not worthwhile to promote health equity.
B. It’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled.
C. It’s impossible to have everyone treated equally.
D. It’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others.
10. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle
A. Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.
B. Four great inventions of China spread to the west.
C. Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.
D. Classic literature got translated into many languages.
11. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
A. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all.
B. Action empowers those with opportunities for better solutions.
C. Society should create circumstances that get everyone involved.
D. Everyday items are originally invented for people in need of help.
D
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建师大附中校考期中) Going green is good for business. Consumers are often willing to pay more for eco-friendly products than other comparable products on the market, according to market research. But not all environmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a form of misinformation often used to fascinate an enthusiastic green panies promising to be sustainable, or biodegradable sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers.
Greenwashing is particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bédat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) focused on improving the industry’s environmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way for the industry to attract consumers. “I think we’re at the top of green washing in the industry,” she says.”
Retailers (零售商) will mislead consumers by distracting them from a company’s larger issues. For example, a large retailer might roll out a new line of products, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefore theoretically has less of an environmental impact than the other clothes the company sells. “You think ‘Oh that sounds great,’” Bédat says. But that same company might ignore water usage in the rest of their products lines, while doing nothing to address the other ways that their production might be harming the environment.
When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled “carbon neutral (碳中和)” still produces more carbon than wearing a sweater already in your closet. She notes, “The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more.”
As more companies look to cash in on sustainable marketing, governments are beginning to take more action to safeguard consumers. In New York, The Fashion Act would require fashion companies operating in the state to obey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brought forth by members of the European Union would more strictly regulate environmental claims and sustainability labels slapped on products sold in Europe.
12. What is the purpose of greenwashing
A. To advocate proper use of water. B. To introduce green ways to wash clothes.
C. To reduce the impact on environment. D. To appeal to those eco-friendly customers.
13. What does the example in paragraph 3 present
A. A new trend in fashion. B. A new kind of product.
C. A trick of greenwashing. D. A large issue of a company.
14. What is Bérdat’s attitude towards greenwashing
A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant.
15. Why did European Union put forward a new law
A. To enhance the quality of products. B. To shelter customers from greenwashing.
C. To raise people’s awareness of going green. D. To encourage carbon-neutral product lines.

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