资源简介

专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的。一般说来说明文和议都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的根底上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
题型归纳
题型01 段落大意题
【题型诠释】
一、常见设问方式
What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...
The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
Which of the following can best summarize Para.1
What is the first paragraph mainly about
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
【典例1】（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s shown up and regularly annoy their friends And why is it so hard for us to fix it “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, but we are still late even when those punishments and consequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take—something known as the planning fallacy. Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Besides, forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. A 2023 study found that out of 181subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you’re doing. It’s also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly nervous, achievement-oriented Type A individuals arc more possible to be punctual, Type B individuals, however, who are calmer and more relaxed, have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
30. What is the main idea of the text
A. Late comers should be severely punished. B. Time management contributes to success.
C. The habit of being late is related to character. D. Accepting your personality improves punctuality.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.”（任何人都可能迟到几次，但做一个总是迟到的人，那是一种艺术，一种令人沮丧的艺术。或者，这是你性格的副作用，科学家们发现。）和后文对迟到的人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍了迟到的习惯与性格有关。故选C项。
题型02 文章大意题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
What’s the main idea/point of the passage
The passage is mainly about ________.
The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage
In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
The subject discussed in this text is ________.
The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
【典例2】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模)
A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing lioness. The lioness shrugged him off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong.
Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or put down, irrespective of whether they were only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone.
“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more ‘likes’ they get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes an evaporation of common sense.
“There’s a worrying lack of awareness that animals several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thrill for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”
“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”
19. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Parks are expected to take more responsibilities for educating tourists.
B. Raising tourists’ awareness means stressing the danger of animals to them.
C. More regulation of the tourist industry is the key to raising tourists’ awareness.
D. Penalties rather than education can stop people taking silly risks around wildlife.
【答案】A
【解析】文章大意题。根据第五段中“I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. (我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild(人们没有得到关于为什么他们需要远离野生动物的教育，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自然生长)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选A项。
题型03 标题归纳题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
The best title of the passage is ________.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage
What would be the best title for the passage
The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
【典例3】（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）
At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Bui’s film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected on the beauty and vulnerability of Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reid’s audio experience Soundwalk was shared in a hopeful discussion about music, parks and mental health. These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges.
Science is key to addressing these issues. But it isn’t the only key. To achieve its potential and for its advances to be implemented and reach all who could benefit, science depends on trust and good relationships. People might not always see science as relevant, trustworthy or meaningful to their lives. There are reasons why some see science as having a chequered past, from nuclear weapons to eugenics, and are therefore uninterested in, or suspicious of, what it proposes. Others feel excluded by the incomprehensibility of hyper specialist knowledge.
In its capacity to build upon and test an evidence base, science is powerful, but researchers and funders haven’t been as good at ensuring this evidence base responds to the needs and interests of diverse communities, or informs policy makers to take action. Science might be perceived as distancing itself from the personal, the poetic and the political, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be most influential when it comes to public interest in atopic or how a government prioritizes a decision.
A moving story well told can be more memorable than a list of facts. This is where the arts come in. Artists can give us different perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories —subjectivities —into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of connection and hope.
In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres around the world. Bui was attached to the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head of the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license to be in, and to share useful insights from, villages where infectious disease researchers weren’t welcome. Six years later, I led Wellcome’s Contagious Cities program, which established artist residencies worldwide to support locally led explorations of epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this work more noticeable, and has informed our Mindscapes program which is currently sharing experiences of mental health through the work of artists.
With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upon us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly broken world, never has there been more need to build and nurture hopeful and imaginative spaces to grow human connection and shared purpose for the common good. Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this.
23. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. The Value of the Arts to Science B. Where Do Science and the Arts Meet
C. A New Way to Fight Pandemic—the Arts D. Which Matters More, Science or the Arts
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges. (这些是我多年来帮助实现的一些事情，在科学研究、艺术和倡导的交叉领域工作，以支持科学解决全球健康挑战)”以及第四段“Artists can give us different perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories — subjectivities — into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of connection and hope.(艺术家可以给我们提供不同的视角，让我们一起思考和重新想象这个世界。他们可以通过将故事（主观性）带入画面来纠正科学中所宣称的客观性，这有助于培养一种联系感和希望感)”以及最后一段“Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this. (科学和艺术可以携手合作来实现这一目标)”结合文章主要论述了作者认为科学可以与艺术相结合，并通过列举事实证明了这一点。可知，A选项“艺术对科学的价值”最符合文章标题。故选A。
高考练场
题型01 段落大意题
(2023年新高考全国英语I卷B篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
【答案】C
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
题型02 文章大意题
(2022年新高考英语甲卷C篇)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】B　
【解析】主旨大意题。文章从第一段就提到Ginni去了南极洲，第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件，第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行，最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文，且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”可知，一次难忘的经历最合适。 故选B项。
题型03 标题归纳题
(2021年新高考全国英语甲卷D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】B　
【解析】主旨大意题。文章首先提出了什么是天才这个问题，然后分析了天才被局限到某个特定范围的不公平性，最后说明随着全球交流的发展，越来越多的天才被公众熟知，天才有着各种类型和特点，因此B项“天才有多种形式”符合文章主题。故选B项。
名校模拟
A
(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习) Inspired by his mentor Louis Sullivan, an influential figure in the world of modernist architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright coined the term “organic architecture” around 1908.
Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world, organic architecture is more concerned with re-interpretation of nature and harmony between the organic and the built environment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature. Here are four of the most striking examples.
Casa Milà
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year of completion: 1910
Architect: Antoni Caudi
Considered the greatest master of Catalan Modernism, Antoni Gaudi was devoted to nature and the Catholic religion. While he originally intended this organic building to have a religious purpose, it is now an apartment building. True to the organic style, it features honey shapes that seemingly emerge from the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Location: Singapore
Year of completion: 2015
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub consists of 12 eight-storey towers arranged around a public atrium (天井). The organic nature of the building extends to its interior with features like gardens that are intended to encourage social interactions and study among students.
Falling Water
Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year of completion:1939
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
A classic of modernism and organic architecture, Falling Water sits on top of a waterfall. Frank Lloyd Wright designed it for the Kaufmann family who—though they had originally hoped for a view of the waterfall-came to love the home.
East Beach Café
Location: Littlehampton, UK
Year of completion: 2007
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Located in a seaside area with an industrial history, East Beach Café resembles a piece of driftwood. Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community. It was the first building for Thomas Heatherwick who previously was better known as a sculptor.
1. Which building was designed to serve a religious purpose
A. Casa Milà. B. Learning Hub at NTU.
C. Falling Water. D. East Beach Cafe.
2. What do we know about the four buildings in the text
A. They are architectural classics of modernism.
B. They feature imitations of animals or elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was not welcomed by all the locals initially.
D. The designer of Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the concept “organic architecture’’.
3. Which of the following magazines is the text probably taken from
A. National Geographic. B. Architectural Digest.
C. Organic Gardening. D. BBC History.
B
(2023上·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考期中) Mia, 12, is now on a year-long trip with her parents and three younger brothers. Far from their home in Quebec, Canada, the family rode horses in Mongolia, kayaked in Cambodia, camped in Namibia and flew in a hot air balloon in Turkey, looking to collect as many once-in-a-lifetime memories as they could.
The memories really matter because unless science makes a breakthrough soon, three of the children will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment and no specific timeline as it gradually robs them of their sight.
The diagnoses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised to find Mia, then 7, was calm about it. She announced that she would need to start keeping her bedroom especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need to know where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding solutions on her own,” the parents told each other. “We need to follow her lead.” And so the idea of a yearlong trip was born, one that would show the kids the world, in person and at close range – while the kids could still see it. For the next two years, the parents saved money and researched places to visit. “How we adults see the world and how kids see the world are so different.” says the mother, Edith. “It would have to be less about temples and museums and more about whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began to wind down in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 countries. Mia grew taller and when entering adolescence, needed more independence. Her brothers became more confident and outgoing. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lot. “There’s a lot of suffering, a lot of poverty, but lots of good and interesting things too. We should be positive.” said Mia.
4. What’s the probable function of the first paragraph
A. To lead in the story behind. B. To arouse the readers’ interest.
C. To provide background information. D. To inform readers of a wonderful trip.
5. What can be inferred about the parents from paragraph 3 and 4
A. They are optimistic about the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are proud of their daughter’s courage to face difficulties.
D. They are open-minded enough to respect their children’s decision.
6. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The details about the year-long journey.
B. The keen anticipation of Mia about the future.
C. The changes of the kids physically and mentally.
D. The impression Mia had of what she had experienced.
7. Which is the best title of the story
A. Seeing is believing. B. Making the most of the vision.
C. Man who travels far knows more. D. The eyes are the window to the soul.
C
(2023上·重庆南岸·高三重庆第二外国语学校校考期中) The stands were always filled with family members to support their favorite players. I attended each of my son’s games. His father worked nights for years, and missed out on most of his games. My son Jorden knew if his dad could, he would be there sitting right beside me.
When Jorden was younger, some family members would occasionally come to watch. But gradually they stopped showing up. Never once did Jorden lead me to believe that this bothered him, but apparently it did. It wasn’t until when he was asked to give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear not only to me but a room filled with over 150 people just how important it is to have extra fans in the stands.
His speech was anything but like I thought it would be. It wasn’t short and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank you to his coaches and teammates. He poured his heart out, saying he seldom had grandparents, aunts or uncles coming to support him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members showed up to support not just their own loved ones but the entire team of boys. Clearly Jorden desired more than just me. Never did I ever think my son would be hurting inside as he looked out to the bleachers to see only me at each and every game.
As he struggled to get each word out through tears, I promised I would attend as many events of the children around as I possibly could. There was no way I could allow another child to feel what my son was feeling. This small simple gesture would mean so much to any child. Neither Jorden nor I was upset with those who never attended his games. Jorden just wanted someone else besides me to witness his craft in action. I understand all of our lives become complicated and that everyone is busy with their own children and jobs that may not allow them as much free time as they’d like.
8. What do we know about Jorden’s father
A. He had long been misunderstood by Jorden. B. He had few chances to attend Jorden’s games.
C. He managed to be with Jorden in every game. D. He had made excuses to miss Jorden’s games.
9. What was Jorden’s speech about
A. His ambition to win the championship. B. His gratitude to his mother and coaches.
C. His complaint about his family members. D. His desire for support from more people.
10. What does the author think of Jorden’s speech
A. Depressing. B. Complicated. C. Astonishing. D. Absurd.
11. How did the author respond to Jorden’s speech
A. She tried to be actively involved in children’s games.
B. She promised not to miss out on games of every child.
C. She offered to invite many relatives to Jorden’s games.
D. She decided to lead Jorden to trust his family members.
D
(2023上·重庆·高三重庆一中校考阶段练习) A recent study published in Pediatrics, the journal for the American Academy of Pediatrics, throws light on a concerning trend—increasing anterior cruciate ligament (韧带) (ACL) injuries among youth, with girls facing a higher risk compared to their boy classmates.
“Usually, you feel a pop in the knee and then see swelling,” says Dr. Randall Schultz, an orthopedic (骨科) surgeon with Texas Orthopedics. Although the pain can vary, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. “While not always requiring an emergency room visit, consulting a doctor within a day or after the weekend, along with immediate use of ice, is recommended.” he advises.
Sports characterized by abrupt changes in direction—such as soccer, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, and even football—emerge as common offenders for ACL injuries. The risk of ACL injuries goes up for girls once they hit age 12 or 13 and for boys around age 14 or 15. Why Adolescence. This is a time when kids grow faster and their bodies can’t always keep up, which is especially true in the leg’s tibia (胫骨) and femur bones (股骨). For girls, hormones also make their ligaments looser, while boys’ muscles help them handle their rapidly growing bones.
Apart from immediate challenges, ACL injuries can have lasting consequences. Athletes who sustain an ACL injury are ten times more likely to get knee arthritis (关节炎) early. Surprisingly, only around half of athletes over 18 returned to their previous level of performance after an ACL injury, and the chances of more ACL injuries go up by 15 percent.
Bethany Thoresen, the director of Texas Orthopedics, says ACL injury prevention involves strengthening not only the knees but also the hips and leg muscles as well as building core strength. He also suggests incorporating exercises like Pilates to achieve comprehensive strengthening. Seeking guidance from trainers before injury strikes can help identify and address weaknesses effectively.
A critical aspect of ACL injury prevention is ensuring balanced sports participation. Encouraging kids to engage in a variety of activities and providing adequate rest days can prevent muscle overuse and imbalances, ultimately safeguarding their well-being.
12. Why is Dr. Randall Schultz’s advice mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To stress timely medical attention. B. To suggest ice treatment recommendations.
C. To emphasize typical knee injury symptoms. D. To provide the background on Texas Orthopedics.
13. Why are girls facing a higher risk of ACL injuries
A. They have less muscle strength than boys.
B. They have a more rapid bone growth than boys.
C. They have looser ligaments caused by hormones.
D. They reach adolescence at an earlier age than boys.
14. What can be inferred about the long-term impact of ACL injuries
A. ACL injuries primarily affect athletes under the age of 18.
B. Permanent disability will be caused by ACL injuries among youth.
C. ACL injuries can increase the risk of more ACL injuries in future.
D. Most athletes with ACL injuries can recover to the previous athletic level.
15. What is recommended for preventing ACL injuries according to the passage
A. Focusing specially on core muscle building.
B. Playing diversified sports and taking enough rest.
C. Avoiding any sports training during adolescence.
D. Learning necessary AC L injury treatment methods.
参考答案与解析
A篇
1. A 2. C 3. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座建筑的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Casa Milà部分“While he originally intended this organic building to have a religious purpose, it is now an apartment building.” (虽然他最初打算将这座有机建筑用于宗教目的，但它现在是一栋公寓楼。)可知，Casa Milà最开始是打算用于宗教目的的。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分“Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community.” (它长40米，宽7米，高5米，最初在当地引起了两极分化，但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎。)可知，这个咖啡厅在建立之初并不受到所有当地人的欢迎。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world, organic architecture is more concerned with re-interpretation of nature and harmony between the organic and the built environment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature. Here are four of the most striking examples.”（有机建筑不是模仿自然或自然界中的有机元素，而是更关注对自然的重新诠释，以及有机环境与建筑环境之间的和谐。它确保了建筑内部的单个元素被组合在一起，以反映自然的秩序。以下是四个最引人注目的例子。）结合全文介绍了四座引人注意的有机建筑的例子推知，本文应该是选自《建筑文摘》这本杂志。故选B。
B篇
5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Mia一家为了制造回忆，在孩子们失明前进行为期一年的旅行的故事。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Far from their home in Quebec, Canada, the family rode horses in Mongolia, kayaked in Cambodia, camped in Namibia and flew in a hot air balloon in Turkey, looking to collect as many once-in-a-lifetime memories as they could.(他们远离加拿大魁北克的家，在蒙古骑马，在柬埔寨划皮艇，在纳米比亚露营，在土耳其乘坐热气球，希望尽可能多地收集一生中一次的回忆。)”和第二段“The memories really matter because unless science makes a breakthrough soon, three of the children will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment and no specific timeline as it gradually robs them of their sight.(这些记忆真的很重要，因为除非科学很快取得突破，否则其中三个孩子很可能会在成年后失明。他们被诊断出患有一种疾病，这种疾病没有有效的治疗方法，也没有具体的时间表，因为它会逐渐夺走他们的视力。)”可知，第一段主要是要引出他们旅行的背后的故事，故选A。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段““She’s finding solutions on her own,” the parents told each other. “We need to follow her lead.”(“她在自己寻找解决办法，”父母互相告诉对方。“我们需要跟随她的脚步。”)”可知，这对父母很开明，尊重孩子的决定，故选D。
7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Mia grew taller and when entering adolescence, needed more independence. Her brothers became more confident and outgoing. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lot.(米娅长高了，进入青春期后，她需要更多的独立。她的兄弟们变得更加自信和外向。孩子们很清楚他们学到了很多东西。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是孩子们身心的变化。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The memories really matter because unless science makes a breakthrough soon, three of the children will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment and no specific timeline as it gradually robs them of their sight.(这些记忆真的很重要，因为除非科学很快取得突破，否则其中三个孩子很可能会在成年后失明。他们被诊断出患有一种疾病，这种疾病没有有效的治疗方法，也没有具体的时间表，因为它会逐渐夺走他们的视力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Mia一家为了制造回忆，在孩子们失明前进行为期一年的旅行的故事，因此最好的题目是B选项“Making the most of the vision.(充分利用视力。)”。故选B。
C篇
8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一开始经常缺席儿子的比赛，直到一次儿子在演讲中吐露心声后，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛的故事。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The stands were always filled with family members to support their favorite players. I attended each of my son’s games. His father worked nights for years, and missed out on most of his games. My son Jorden knew if his dad could, he would be there sitting right beside me.”（看台上总是坐满了支持他们最喜欢的球员的家庭成员。我儿子的每场比赛我都去看了。他的父亲常年上夜班，错过了他的大部分比赛。我的儿子乔登知道，如果他爸爸可以，他会坐在我身边。）可知，乔登的父亲很少有机会观看乔登的比赛。故选B项。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It wasn’t until when he was asked to give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear not only to me but a room filled with over 150 people just how important it is to have extra fans in the stands.”（乔登从来没有让我相信这让他感到困扰，但显然他确实感到困扰。直到他被邀请在他的棒球活动上发表演讲时，他才向我，也向一个坐满150多人的房间清楚地表明，看台上有更多的球迷是多么重要。）可推知，从乔登的演讲中我们能了解到他渴望得到更多人的支持。故选D项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“His speech was anything but like I thought it would be. It wasn’t short and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank you to his coaches and teammates. He poured his heart out, saying he seldom had grandparents, aunts or uncles coming to support him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members showed up to support not just their own loved ones but the entire team of boys. Clearly Jorden desired more than just me.”（他的演讲完全不像我想象的那样。它并不短暂，也不是苦乐参半。这不是他对教练和队友的快速感谢。他倾吐心声，说他很少有祖父母、阿姨或叔叔来支持他。他很感激队友的家人不仅支持自己的亲人，还支持整个球队。显然乔登想要的不只是我。）可推知，作者认为乔登的演讲是令人吃惊的。故选C项。
11. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As he struggled to get each word out through tears, I promised I would attend as many events of the children around as I possibly could. There was no way I could allow another child to feel what my son was feeling. This small simple gesture would mean so much to any child.”（当他含泪挣扎着说出每一个字时，我向他保证，我会尽可能多地参加周围孩子们的活动。我不可能让另一个孩子感受我儿子的感受。这个简单的举动对任何一个孩子来说都意义重大。）可知， 对于乔登的演讲，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛。故选A项。
D篇
12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近发表在美国儿科学会期刊《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势——青少年前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤日益增加，女孩比男孩面临更高的风险。
12. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Although the pain can vary, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. “While not always requiring an emergency room visit, consulting a doctor within a day or after the weekend, along with immediate use of ice, is recommended.” he advises. (尽管疼痛各不相同，但及时就医是至关重要的。“虽然并不总是需要去急诊室，但建议在一天内或周末后咨询医生，并立即使用冰敷。”他建议道。)”可知，第二段提到了Randall Schultz博士的建议是为了强调及时就医。故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据第三段“For girls, hormones also make their ligaments looser, while boys’ muscles help them handle their rapidly growing bones. (对于女孩来说，荷尔蒙也会使她们的韧带松弛，而男孩的肌肉会帮助他们处理快速生长的骨骼。)”可知，女孩面临着更高的前交叉韧带损伤风险是因为由于激素的作用，他们的韧带更松弛。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Surprisingly, only around half of athletes over 18 returned to their previous level of performance after an ACL injury, and the chances of more ACL injuries go up by 15 percent. (令人惊讶的是，在18岁以上的运动员中，只有大约一半的人在前交叉韧带受伤后恢复到以前的水平，而前交叉韧带受伤的几率增加了15%。)”可知，前交叉韧带损伤会增加未来发生更多前交叉韧带损伤的风险。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Encouraging kids to engage in a variety of activities and providing adequate rest days can prevent muscle overuse and imbalances, ultimately safeguarding their well-being. (鼓励孩子参加各种各样的活动，并提供充足的休息日，可以防止肌肉过度使用和不平衡，最终保障他们的健康。)”可知，建议通过进行多样化的运动，充分休息来预防前交叉韧带损伤，故选B。专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
全国甲卷 A B C/D 9 5 1
全国乙卷 B A/C D 5 8 1 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
全国甲卷 A C/D B 8 3 3 1
全国乙卷 A C/D B 11 2 1 1
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
全国甲卷 A C B D 6 7 1 1
全国乙卷 A/B/C/D 4 8 2 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
全国I卷 A C/D B 4 8 2 1
全国Ⅱ卷 A D B/C 8 2 3 2
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的。一般说来说明文和议都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的根底上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
题型归纳
题型01 段落大意题
【题型诠释】
一、常见设问方式
What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...
The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
Which of the following can best summarize Para.1
What is the first paragraph mainly about
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
【典例1】（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s shown up and regularly annoy their friends And why is it so hard for us to fix it “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, but we are still late even when those punishments and consequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take—something known as the planning fallacy. Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Besides, forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. A 2023 study found that out of 181subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you’re doing. It’s also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly nervous, achievement-oriented Type A individuals arc more possible to be punctual, Type B individuals, however, who are calmer and more relaxed, have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
30. What is the main idea of the text
A. Late comers should be severely punished. B. Time management contributes to success.
C. The habit of being late is related to character. D. Accepting your personality improves punctuality.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.”（任何人都可能迟到几次，但做一个总是迟到的人，那是一种艺术，一种令人沮丧的艺术。或者，这是你性格的副作用，科学家们发现。）和后文对迟到的人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍了迟到的习惯与性格有关。故选C项。
题型02 文章大意题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
What’s the main idea/point of the passage
The passage is mainly about ________.
The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage
In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
The subject discussed in this text is ________.
The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
【典例2】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模)
A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing lioness. The lioness shrugged him off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong.
Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or put down, irrespective of whether they were only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone.
“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more ‘likes’ they get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes an evaporation of common sense.
“There’s a worrying lack of awareness that animals several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thrill for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”
“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”
19. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Parks are expected to take more responsibilities for educating tourists.
B. Raising tourists’ awareness means stressing the danger of animals to them.
C. More regulation of the tourist industry is the key to raising tourists’ awareness.
D. Penalties rather than education can stop people taking silly risks around wildlife.
【答案】A
【解析】文章大意题。根据第五段中“I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. (我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild(人们没有得到关于为什么他们需要远离野生动物的教育，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自然生长)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选A项。
题型03 标题归纳题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
The best title of the passage is ________.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage
What would be the best title for the passage
The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
【典例3】（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）
At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Bui’s film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected on the beauty and vulnerability of Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reid’s audio experience Soundwalk was shared in a hopeful discussion about music, parks and mental health. These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges.
Science is key to addressing these issues. But it isn’t the only key. To achieve its potential and for its advances to be implemented and reach all who could benefit, science depends on trust and good relationships. People might not always see science as relevant, trustworthy or meaningful to their lives. There are reasons why some see science as having a chequered past, from nuclear weapons to eugenics, and are therefore uninterested in, or suspicious of, what it proposes. Others feel excluded by the incomprehensibility of hyper specialist knowledge.
In its capacity to build upon and test an evidence base, science is powerful, but researchers and funders haven’t been as good at ensuring this evidence base responds to the needs and interests of diverse communities, or informs policy makers to take action. Science might be perceived as distancing itself from the personal, the poetic and the political, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be most influential when it comes to public interest in atopic or how a government prioritizes a decision.
A moving story well told can be more memorable than a list of facts. This is where the arts come in. Artists can give us different perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories —subjectivities —into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of connection and hope.
In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres around the world. Bui was attached to the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head of the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license to be in, and to share useful insights from, villages where infectious disease researchers weren’t welcome. Six years later, I led Wellcome’s Contagious Cities program, which established artist residencies worldwide to support locally led explorations of epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this work more noticeable, and has informed our Mindscapes program which is currently sharing experiences of mental health through the work of artists.
With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upon us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly broken world, never has there been more need to build and nurture hopeful and imaginative spaces to grow human connection and shared purpose for the common good. Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this.
23. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. The Value of the Arts to Science B. Where Do Science and the Arts Meet
C. A New Way to Fight Pandemic—the Arts D. Which Matters More, Science or the Arts
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges. (这些是我多年来帮助实现的一些事情，在科学研究、艺术和倡导的交叉领域工作，以支持科学解决全球健康挑战)”以及第四段“Artists can give us different perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories — subjectivities — into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of connection and hope.(艺术家可以给我们提供不同的视角，让我们一起思考和重新想象这个世界。他们可以通过将故事（主观性）带入画面来纠正科学中所宣称的客观性，这有助于培养一种联系感和希望感)”以及最后一段“Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this. (科学和艺术可以携手合作来实现这一目标)”结合文章主要论述了作者认为科学可以与艺术相结合，并通过列举事实证明了这一点。可知，A选项“艺术对科学的价值”最符合文章标题。故选A。
高考练场
题型01 段落大意题
(2023年新高考全国英语I卷B篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
题型02 文章大意题
(2022年新高考英语甲卷C篇)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
题型03 标题归纳题
(2021年新高考全国英语甲卷D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
名校模拟
A
(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习) Inspired by his mentor Louis Sullivan, an influential figure in the world of modernist architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright coined the term “organic architecture” around 1908.
Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world, organic architecture is more concerned with re-interpretation of nature and harmony between the organic and the built environment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature. Here are four of the most striking examples.
Casa Milà
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year of completion: 1910
Architect: Antoni Caudi
Considered the greatest master of Catalan Modernism, Antoni Gaudi was devoted to nature and the Catholic religion. While he originally intended this organic building to have a religious purpose, it is now an apartment building. True to the organic style, it features honey shapes that seemingly emerge from the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Location: Singapore
Year of completion: 2015
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub consists of 12 eight-storey towers arranged around a public atrium (天井). The organic nature of the building extends to its interior with features like gardens that are intended to encourage social interactions and study among students.
Falling Water
Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year of completion:1939
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
A classic of modernism and organic architecture, Falling Water sits on top of a waterfall. Frank Lloyd Wright designed it for the Kaufmann family who—though they had originally hoped for a view of the waterfall-came to love the home.
East Beach Café
Location: Littlehampton, UK
Year of completion: 2007
Architect: Thomas Heatherwick
Located in a seaside area with an industrial history, East Beach Café resembles a piece of driftwood. Forty meters long, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially polarized locals, but has since been well-received by the whole community. It was the first building for Thomas Heatherwick who previously was better known as a sculptor.
1. Which building was designed to serve a religious purpose
A. Casa Milà. B. Learning Hub at NTU.
C. Falling Water. D. East Beach Cafe.
2. What do we know about the four buildings in the text
A. They are architectural classics of modernism.
B. They feature imitations of animals or elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was not welcomed by all the locals initially.
D. The designer of Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the concept “organic architecture’’.
3. Which of the following magazines is the text probably taken from
A. National Geographic. B. Architectural Digest.
C. Organic Gardening. D. BBC History.
B
(2023上·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考期中) Mia, 12, is now on a year-long trip with her parents and three younger brothers. Far from their home in Quebec, Canada, the family rode horses in Mongolia, kayaked in Cambodia, camped in Namibia and flew in a hot air balloon in Turkey, looking to collect as many once-in-a-lifetime memories as they could.
The memories really matter because unless science makes a breakthrough soon, three of the children will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment and no specific timeline as it gradually robs them of their sight.
The diagnoses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised to find Mia, then 7, was calm about it. She announced that she would need to start keeping her bedroom especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need to know where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding solutions on her own,” the parents told each other. “We need to follow her lead.” And so the idea of a yearlong trip was born, one that would show the kids the world, in person and at close range – while the kids could still see it. For the next two years, the parents saved money and researched places to visit. “How we adults see the world and how kids see the world are so different.” says the mother, Edith. “It would have to be less about temples and museums and more about whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began to wind down in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 countries. Mia grew taller and when entering adolescence, needed more independence. Her brothers became more confident and outgoing. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lot. “There’s a lot of suffering, a lot of poverty, but lots of good and interesting things too. We should be positive.” said Mia.
4. What’s the probable function of the first paragraph
A. To lead in the story behind. B. To arouse the readers’ interest.
C. To provide background information. D. To inform readers of a wonderful trip.
5. What can be inferred about the parents from paragraph 3 and 4
A. They are optimistic about the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are proud of their daughter’s courage to face difficulties.
D. They are open-minded enough to respect their children’s decision.
6. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The details about the year-long journey.
B. The keen anticipation of Mia about the future.
C. The changes of the kids physically and mentally.
D. The impression Mia had of what she had experienced.
7. Which is the best title of the story
A. Seeing is believing. B. Making the most of the vision.
C. Man who travels far knows more. D. The eyes are the window to the soul.
C
(2023上·重庆南岸·高三重庆第二外国语学校校考期中) The stands were always filled with family members to support their favorite players. I attended each of my son’s games. His father worked nights for years, and missed out on most of his games. My son Jorden knew if his dad could, he would be there sitting right beside me.
When Jorden was younger, some family members would occasionally come to watch. But gradually they stopped showing up. Never once did Jorden lead me to believe that this bothered him, but apparently it did. It wasn’t until when he was asked to give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear not only to me but a room filled with over 150 people just how important it is to have extra fans in the stands.
His speech was anything but like I thought it would be. It wasn’t short and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank you to his coaches and teammates. He poured his heart out, saying he seldom had grandparents, aunts or uncles coming to support him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members showed up to support not just their own loved ones but the entire team of boys. Clearly Jorden desired more than just me. Never did I ever think my son would be hurting inside as he looked out to the bleachers to see only me at each and every game.
As he struggled to get each word out through tears, I promised I would attend as many events of the children around as I possibly could. There was no way I could allow another child to feel what my son was feeling. This small simple gesture would mean so much to any child. Neither Jorden nor I was upset with those who never attended his games. Jorden just wanted someone else besides me to witness his craft in action. I understand all of our lives become complicated and that everyone is busy with their own children and jobs that may not allow them as much free time as they’d like.
8. What do we know about Jorden’s father
A. He had long been misunderstood by Jorden. B. He had few chances to attend Jorden’s games.
C. He managed to be with Jorden in every game. D. He had made excuses to miss Jorden’s games.
9. What was Jorden’s speech about
A. His ambition to win the championship. B. His gratitude to his mother and coaches.
C. His complaint about his family members. D. His desire for support from more people.
10. What does the author think of Jorden’s speech
A. Depressing. B. Complicated. C. Astonishing. D. Absurd.
11. How did the author respond to Jorden’s speech
A. She tried to be actively involved in children’s games.
B. She promised not to miss out on games of every child.
C. She offered to invite many relatives to Jorden’s games.
D. She decided to lead Jorden to trust his family members.
D
(2023上·重庆·高三重庆一中校考阶段练习) A recent study published in Pediatrics, the journal for the American Academy of Pediatrics, throws light on a concerning trend—increasing anterior cruciate ligament (韧带) (ACL) injuries among youth, with girls facing a higher risk compared to their boy classmates.
“Usually, you feel a pop in the knee and then see swelling,” says Dr. Randall Schultz, an orthopedic (骨科) surgeon with Texas Orthopedics. Although the pain can vary, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. “While not always requiring an emergency room visit, consulting a doctor within a day or after the weekend, along with immediate use of ice, is recommended.” he advises.
Sports characterized by abrupt changes in direction—such as soccer, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, and even football—emerge as common offenders for ACL injuries. The risk of ACL injuries goes up for girls once they hit age 12 or 13 and for boys around age 14 or 15. Why Adolescence. This is a time when kids grow faster and their bodies can’t always keep up, which is especially true in the leg’s tibia (胫骨) and femur bones (股骨). For girls, hormones also make their ligaments looser, while boys’ muscles help them handle their rapidly growing bones.
Apart from immediate challenges, ACL injuries can have lasting consequences. Athletes who sustain an ACL injury are ten times more likely to get knee arthritis (关节炎) early. Surprisingly, only around half of athletes over 18 returned to their previous level of performance after an ACL injury, and the chances of more ACL injuries go up by 15 percent.
Bethany Thoresen, the director of Texas Orthopedics, says ACL injury prevention involves strengthening not only the knees but also the hips and leg muscles as well as building core strength. He also suggests incorporating exercises like Pilates to achieve comprehensive strengthening. Seeking guidance from trainers before injury strikes can help identify and address weaknesses effectively.
A critical aspect of ACL injury prevention is ensuring balanced sports participation. Encouraging kids to engage in a variety of activities and providing adequate rest days can prevent muscle overuse and imbalances, ultimately safeguarding their well-being.
12. Why is Dr. Randall Schultz’s advice mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To stress timely medical attention. B. To suggest ice treatment recommendations.
C. To emphasize typical knee injury symptoms. D. To provide the background on Texas Orthopedics.
13. Why are girls facing a higher risk of ACL injuries
A. They have less muscle strength than boys.
B. They have a more rapid bone growth than boys.
C. They have looser ligaments caused by hormones.
D. They reach adolescence at an earlier age than boys.
14. What can be inferred about the long-term impact of ACL injuries
A. ACL injuries primarily affect athletes under the age of 18.
B. Permanent disability will be caused by ACL injuries among youth.
C. ACL injuries can increase the risk of more ACL injuries in future.
D. Most athletes with ACL injuries can recover to the previous athletic level.
15. What is recommended for preventing ACL injuries according to the passage
A. Focusing specially on core muscle building.
B. Playing diversified sports and taking enough rest.
C. Avoiding any sports training during adolescence.
D. Learning necessary AC L injury treatment methods.

展开更多......

收起↑