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八年级英语下册
Unit 3 Section B预习指导
一、知识点
1.Ask sb.for ... 向某人寻求
Ask sb.(not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事
Eg: You can ask me for help.
你可以向我寻求帮助。
My parents ask me to finish my homework before dinner.
我父母要求我在晚饭前完成作业。
2.Buy sb.sth.
buy sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
Eg: My mum bought me a book.
= My mum bought a book for me.
我妈妈给我买了一本书。
3.Borrow money 借钱
Borrow sth.from sb. 从某人那借某物（往里借）
Lend sth.to sb. 把某物借给某人（往外借）
Eg: You can borrow the book from the library.
你可以从图书馆借书。
Can you lend me your book
你能借我你的书吗？
4.Clean (动词) “打扫”
(名词) “干净的”
Eg: clean the room
打扫房间
The room is clean.
这个房间很干净。
5.Invite (动词) “邀请”-- invitation (名词) “邀请”
常见搭配：
invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
Invite sb.to + 地点 邀请某人去某地
Eg: I want to invite him to my party.
我想邀请他来我的派对。
She invited me to see the film.
她邀请我去看电影。
6.Go to the store
= go to the shop 去商店
Eg: Let’s go to the store to buy some apples.
让我们去商店买一些苹果吧。
7.Have a test 进行测试
Eg: You have a test on Monday.
你周一有一个测试。
8.A piece of ... 一条/张/件...
Eg: a piece of paper 一张纸
A piece of information 一条消息
9.It’s a good idea to do sth. 做某事是个好主意
Eg: It’s a good idea to read English books.
读英语书是一个好主意。
10.Make sb.(not) do sth. 让某人(不)做某事
Make sb.+ 形容词 使某人...
Eg: Her action makes her look like a child.
她的行为让她看起来像个孩子。
The story makes me sad.
这个故事让我伤心。
11.Help (动) “帮忙”
(1)help sb.with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth “帮忙做某事”
(2)help oneself to... “随便吃/喝...”
(3)can’t help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事”
Help (名) “帮忙”
with one’s help = with the help of sb. “在某人的帮助下”
Eg: Mike helps me play the piano.
= Mike helps me with the piano.
马克帮我学钢琴。
Help yourself to some fruit.
随便吃点水果。
She can’t help crying.
她情不自禁地哭了。
With the help of my teacher, my English is improving.
在我老师的帮助下，我的英语正在提高。
12.These days 目前
Eg: Kids these days already have enough stress from school.
目前的孩子已经有足够多的来自学校的压力。
13.Have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
Eg: The boy has time to play football.
男孩有时间踢足球。
14.A waste of ... ...的浪费
Waste (名词) “浪费” (动词) “浪费”
常见搭配：
Waste time/money on sth./ sb. 浪费时间/金钱在某物/某人上
Waste time/money doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事
Eg: Please don’t waste time playing computer games.
不要浪费时间玩电子游戏。
15.Let sb.do sth. 让某人做某事
Eg: Let’s go there by bus.
让我们坐公交车去那吧。
16.work与job区别：
work多指体力劳动也可指脑力劳动，通常都以挣钱为目的，有时也指机器干的工作。
job多用于口语，侧重指受雇佣的、以谋生目的的工作。
Eg: He got some work to do.
他有一些工作要做。
He’s trying to get a job.
他正在找工作。
17.Spend 时间 + on sth. 花时间在某事上
Spend 时间 + doing sth. 花时间做某事
Eg: She spent two hours cleaning the room.
她花两个小时打扫房间。
18.In order (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做某事
In order to do sth.= in order that 从句 = so that 从句 “为了...”
Eg: She got up early in order to catch the first bus.
= She got up early so that she can catch the first bus.
她起得很早为了赶上头班车。
19.Get good grades 取得好分数
Eg: If you work hard, you will get good grades.
如果你努力工作，你就会得到好的分数。
20.Get into ... 进入...
Eg: You must get into a good university.
你一定会进入一所好大学。
21.There is no need for sb.to do sth. 对于某人来说没有必要做某事
Eg: There is no need for us to waste time on this book.
对于我们来说没有必要浪费时间在这本书上。
22.Provide sb.with sth.
= provide sth.for sb. 为某人提供某物
Eg: We provide the poor with food.
= We provide food for the poor.
我们为穷人提供食物。
23.Do chores 做家务
24.Mind (名词) “思想” (动词) “介意”
常用搭配：
mind (one’s) doing sth. “介意（某人）做某事”
Mind + 从句
Eg: Would you mind my opening the door
你介意我开门吗？
I don’t mind if you have free time.
我不介意你是否有空闲时间。
25.It is + 形容词 + for sb.+ to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事...
Eg: It is important for us to learn English.
对于我们来说学英语很重要。
26.It is enough to do sth. 做某事就足够了。
Eg: It is enough to buy these food.
买这些食物就够了.
27.Depend on 取决于...；依赖...
Eg: Children these days depend on their parents too much.
现今的孩子太依赖他们的父母了。
28.Too much + 不可数名词 “太多...”
Too many + 可数名词复数 “太多...”
Much too + 形容词 “太...”
Eg: There is too much water in the swimming pool.
游泳池里有太多的水。
There are too many books in the room.
房间里有太多的书。
The box is much too heavy.
这个箱子太重了。
29.Develop (动词) “发展；培养”
-- development (名词) “发展”
-- developing (形容词) “发展中的”
-- developed (形容词) “发达的”
Eg: Develop their independence
培养他们的独立
With the development of IT, we can get information easily.
随着IT的发展，我们可以很容易的得到信息。
China is a developing country.
中国是一个发展中国家。
America is a developed country.
美国是一个发展中国家。
30.Independence (名词) “独立”
-- dependence (名词) “依赖”
-- independent (形容词) “独立的”
Eg: Help to develop children’s independence.
帮忙培养孩子的独立性。
31.Look after (well) ...
= take (good) care of ... “(好好)照顾...”
Eg: You must look after well yourself.
= You must take good care of yourself.
你一定要好好照顾自己。
32.Fairness (名词） “公正性”
-- fair (形容词) “公正的”
-- unfair (形容词) “不公正的”
Eg: It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness.
也帮助他们理解公平的意思。
33.Do one’s part in doing sth. 尽某人的职责做某事
Eg: You should do your part in keeping the room clean.
你应该尽你的责任保持房间干净。
34.Have no idea
= don’t know 不知道
Eg: He had no idea how to take care of himself.
他不知道怎么照顾自己。
35.As a result 结果
As a result of...由于...
Eg: As a result, they reached the top of the mountain.
结果，他们到达了山顶。
36.Fall ill 生病
Eg: He often fell ill and his grades dropped.
他经常生病并且他的成绩也下降了。
37.The + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...就越...”
Eg: The more you eat, the fatter you are.
你吃的越多就越胖。
38.Agree with sb. 同意某人
Eg: I agree with your word.
我同意你的话。
二、练习题
一、短语互译
1.In order to ___________
2.照顾 __________
3.A waste of ________
4.同意某人 ___________
5.As a result __________
二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1.We p_______ the best service for you.
2.Please don’t give too much ________ (压力) to me.
3.She d_______ a vase on the ground.
4.It’s a bad habit to _______ (浪费) food.
5.Mike is a good n________, we all like him.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We must develop children’s ________ (dependence).
2.Do you understand the idea of ________ (fair)
3.It's a good idea ________ (go) there by subway.
4.Thank you for your ________ (invite).
5.The story makes me _______ (cry).
四、单项选择
( )1._______ you speak English, ______ your English will be.
A.The less; the more
B.The more; the better
C.The less; the better
D.The more; the less
( )2.She uses the knife ______ things.
A.to cut
B.cut
C.cutting
D.cuts
( )3.-- Could I please _____ your bike
-- Sorry, I _____ it to Lily.
A.lent; borrow
B.lend; borrowed
C.borrow; lent
D.lent; borrowed
( )4.She ______ me _______ her party last night.
A.invited; for
B.invited; to
C.inviting; to
D.inviting; for
( )5.You shouldn't _______ your parents all the time.
A.depend on
B.depend for
C.make sure
D.as a result
( )6.It is necessary _____ you ______ English.
A.for; learn
B.of; learn
C.for; to learn
D.of; to learn
( )7.It's too cold, would you mind _______ the window
A.open
B.opening
C.to open
D.of opening
( )8.She studies very hard ______ get good grades.
A.in order to
B.so that
C.in order that
D.such that
五、翻译句子
1.什么时候动身取决于天气条件。
When to start _______ ______ the weather conditions.
2.他总是很粗心，结果考试不及格。
He was always careless.______ _____ _______, he failed the exam.
3.你吃得越多，你就变得越胖。
______ _______ you eat, ______ _______ you get.
4.为了保持健康，你得多锻炼。
You have to exercise more ______ ______ ______ keep healthy.
5.教孩子做家务是一个好主意。
It’s a ______ _______ to teach the children ______ ______.
六、完形填空
Lisa is a serious about the chores in her house.She gives her children things that they 1.______ do according to their ages.She started by asking John, the 2._______ of her two sons, to help with the dishes.It is now an easy chore 3._______ the 15 - year - old.His 13 - year - old brother, Dave, now 4._______ John too.They take turns (轮流) washing the 5._______ each week.The boys also clean their study tables.Make their beds and 6.________ food from the market on Sunday mornings.Besides(除了) these, the boys also know how to cook easy meals 7.______ their parents are not at home.
The family of 8._______ live in a big house but they do all the housework themselves.Lisa says, “When I was young, my father wanted us to do things on our own and learn how to 9._______ ourselves.Now I’m doing it to my kids.” John says, “Doing chores is 10.______.You can learn important life skills and responsibility (责任).”
( )1.A.must B.can C.may D.will
( )2.A.elder B.taller C.younger D.shorter
( )3.A.with B.as C.for D.by
( )4.A.likes B.finds C.hates D.helps
( )5.A.hands B.dishes C.fruit D.clothes
( )6.A.borrow B.cook C.buy D.sell
( )7.A.when B.how C.what D.why
( )8.A.two B.three C.four D.five
( )9.A.work on B.live in C.look at D.take care of
( )10.A.difficult B.good C.bad D.boring
七、短文填空
and; child; right;
finish; make; give;
it; how; for; know
It’s difficult for the parents of every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework.
Santian School in Shanghai is making 1.______ students do housework for their parents.Third graders must learn 2.______ to cook and clean, sixth graders wash clothes, 3.______ seventh and eighth graders cook balanced meals with 15 yuan.
Many parents think it’s a good way 4.______ their children to try housework, but they don’t 5.______ how to do it at home.With the following ideas, you can really get your 6._______ to help at home.
If you want to 7.______ your children think that they can do everything quite right, please 8.______ them lots of praise at home.Talk more about what he did 9._______, not about what he didn’t do.If your child 10.______ doing some difficult work, give him or her a Sunday trip or a ball game as a prize.
附：参考答案
一、1.为了
2.take care of = look after
3....的浪费
4.agree with sb.
5.结果
二、1.provide 2.stress 3.dropped 4.waste 5.neighbor
三、1.independence 2.fairness 3.to go 4.invitation 5.cry
四、1 -- 5 BACBA 6 -- 8 CBA
五、1.depend on
2.As a result
3.The more; the fatter
4.in order to
5.good idea; do chores
六、1 -- 5 BACDC 6 -- 10 CACDB
七、1.its 2.how 3.and 4.for 5.know
6. children 7.make 8.give 9.right 10. finishes

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