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状语从句
状语从句的定义：用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等，充当状语的句子叫状语从句。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式条件状语从句。
时间状语从句
①常用引导词：when，as, while , as soon as, before, after, since, till , until, by the time, every time等
②时态
一、when和while的用法区别
when, while 都有“当……时候”的意思。
1. when引导的时间状语既可以是时间点，也可以是时间段。从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词(非延续性动词/终止性动词)，也可以是延续性动词，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。
e.g. I was doing my homework when my mother got home last night.(got home 是短暂性动作)
They called me when I was having dinner.(was having dinner是延续性动作)
2. while引导的时间状语只能是时间段。从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。
e.g. While he was riding a bike, a car hit him suddenly.(was riding 是延续性动作)
3. when和while的区别还在于：while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而 when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
e.g. My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
as的用法
as 从句表示一件事情正在发生，另一件事情也正在进行当中。意为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。as 从句一般用一般过去时，当 as 从句是延续性动词时，as 可与while / when互换使用。
e.g. The students took notes as they listened.
I saw Peter as / when / while I was waiting at the bus stop.
三、when、while、as的注意事项
四、before/after引导的时间状语从句
①before表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时;如果主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
e.g. He had finished his homework before he went to bed.
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
②after表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
e.g. I saw them after l arrived.
Mother sometimes prepares dinner after I come back home from school.
till和until引导的时间状语从句
两者都表示“直到……才”，主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式。
主句用非延续性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间状语从句可以放在句首。
e.g.Go down the road till you reach the traffic light.
Until he was fifty, he didn't marry.
六、since 引导的时间状语从句
since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，表示“自从”
e.g. I know Bill since he was born.
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
句型:It is/has been +时间段+since从句
e.g. It is / has been two years since the museum opened to the public.
七、as soon as引导的时间状语从句
as soon as引导的时间状语从句，强调两个动作紧接着发生，既可以引导时间状语从句，表示过去，又可以表示将来。
e.g. We'll give him a ring as soon as we get back.
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.
条件状语从句
①常用引导词：if 如果, unless(if...not) 除非, as long as 只要, as soon as 一...就, on condition that 以...条件, in case (that) 万一 等
②用法
例句 用法
If it rains, we will stop playing. 主将从现
Unless it rains, the game will be played.
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. 主情从现
Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting
Be quiet in case you wake the baby. 主祈从现
You can keep my book as long as you like.
As soon as I stepped inside, my glassed misted over.
If you boil water, it becomes steam. 客观事实
③条件状语从句与简单复合句之间的转化
结果状语从句
①常用引导词：so...that, so that, such... that
特殊引导词：such that , to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
so +adj./adv.原级 that + 从句 如此...以至于
such + n. + that + 从句 如此...以至于
多多少少都用so so little/few/many/much that little意为“小”用such ...that
只有在修饰可数名词单数时，“such+a/an+形容词”才能换为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”
so that 以致，结果 从句中通常不含情态动词
It was very cold so that the river froze.
目的状语从句
①常用引导词：so that，in order that，in case
特殊引导词：lest，in the hope that，for the purpose that，for fear（that）
1.so that 可引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句
引导的从句中有情态动词（can，could，may，might，should，would）时，是目的状语从句；如果没有情态动词，多是结果状语从句
We paid him immediately so that he left contented.(结果)
我们立即给他付了款，结果他满意地走了。
We paid him immediately so that he would leave contented.(目的)
我们立即给他付了款，以便让他满意地离去。
2.in order that +从句可转换为in order to do sth.
in order that 可以用于句首，但so that 不可以。
in case可引导目的状语从句，“以免，以防”
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
也可引导条件状语从句，相当于“if”
In case it rains，do not expect me.
让步状语从句
①常用引导词：though，although，even if，even though
特殊引导词：as（要倒装），no matter...，in spite of the fact that，while，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever
1.though和although与but不能连用，但可以与yet连用，因为yet既可作连词，也可作副词。
2.even if 和even though意思基本相同，但even if引导的从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though 引导的从句是以从句的内容为先决条件，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。
Even if he is poor,she loves him.=He may be poor,yet she loves him.
即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。
Even though he is poor,she loves him.=He is poor,yet she loves him.
尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。
3.be it...or...=whether...or...“无论...还是...；不管...还是...”
I’ll be there, be it rainy or sunny.
=I’ll be there,whether it is rainy or sunny.
as,though引导的倒装句
①有表语时把表语提前。如果表语是名词，名词前不用冠词，不管有无形容词修饰。
Young as/though he is，he can speak three languages.
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
②没有表语时，把状语提前
Fast as you read，you can’t finish the book in two days.
③没有状语时，把主要动词提前
Object as you may, I’ll go.
Lose money as I did,we got a lot of experience.
④Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out.
Successful as he is ,he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud.

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