资源简介

被动语态
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
Everybody respects the old man.
The old man is respected by everybody.
第一节 被动语态的用法
1. 不知谁是动作的执行者，或出于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者
Petrol is burnt in cars, trucks and buses.
Great honour has been given to the young athlete.
2. 需要更突出或强调动作的承受者
Food is needed by every living thing.
The school gate has been closed (by the guard).
3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
Electricity is used to run machines.
第二节 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。以ask为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am/is/are + asked
一般过去时：was/were + asked
一般将来时：will (am/is/are going to) be + asked
现在进行时：am/is/are being + asked
过去进行时：was/were being + asked
现在完成时：have/has been + asked
过去完成时：had been + asked
过去将来时：would (was/were going to) be + asked
将来完成时：will have been + asked
现在完成进行时和将来进行时没有被动语态
常用九种时态的被动语态举例：
一般现在时
Computer games are usually enjoyed by children.
In some places around big factories, plants are often killed by the bad air.
一般过去时
This book was written many years ago.
The People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st 1949.
一般将来时
You will be provided with enough food during your stay at the school.
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
过去将来时
John went into the room where the lecture would be given.
The principal told us that a new indoor stadium would be built in our school the next year.
现在进行时
The water is being turned into vapour.
My car is being repaired at the workshop.
过去进行时
The plan was being discussed at the meeting room yesterday evening.
At that time, the visitors were being shown around the campus.
现在完成时
The new project has been completed.
These trees have not been planted yet.
过去完成时
He told me that his house had been washed away by the flood.
Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.
将来完成时
By the end of next year, this kind of material will have been exported for ten years.
By the time you come back next year, these houses will have been pulled down.
第三节 被动语态与It句型
宾语从句的主被动转换
We could see that the old man was dying. (主动）
It could been seen that the old man was dying. (被动）
常见类似句型：
据说 It is said/reported that …
据预测 It is predicted that...
据估计 It is estimated that...
人们认为 It is believed/thought/considered that...
有人声称 It is claimed that...
众所周知… It is well known that
必须指出…… It must be pointed out that.
已经证明…… It has been proved that

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