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八年级下册M1基础知识和作文
M1重点短语：
a bit 稍微；有点儿
be done 做好了，完成了
have a try 尝一尝；试试看
in the middle 在中间
sweet tooth 对甜食的爱好
hear from ... 收到……的来信
arrive at 到达
wear glasses / jeans 戴眼镜/穿牛仔裤
at school 在学校；上学
as well 和；又；也
be proud of ... 为……而感到骄傲
be good at ... 擅长……
at first 起初
in the right way 用正确的方式
重点句型：
spend time doing sth.
花费时间做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be excited about doing sth.
对做某事感到兴奋
重点语法：
表示感觉和知觉的系动词
英语中的一些动词后可接名词或形容词等作主语的补充成分，我们把这种后接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。我们最常用的系动词有be、表示感觉和知觉的系动词。
本模块我们重点学习表示感觉和知觉的系动词，常见的这类系动词见下表：
系动词 含 义 例 句
look 看起来 You look pale. What's the matter with you
smell 闻起来 The cake smells delicious.
taste 尝起来 I don't like the soup. It tastes sour.
sound 听起来 Susan's idea sounds wonderful.
feel 摸起来 This sweater feels very soft.
【注意】含表感觉和知觉的系动词的否定句和疑问句的构成需要借助助动词do。如：
The apples do not taste sweet.
Does the man look surprised

写作指导：
介绍自己
【写作任务】(Unit 2 Writing)
假如你是张强，打算与来自英国的Mike结为笔友。请你根据以下提示要点，给Mike回一封电子邮件向他介绍你自己。
提示要点：
年龄：12岁
外貌：又高又壮、黑色短发、小眼睛、圆脸
爱好：打篮球、游泳、读书
性格：自信、友好
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：应用文(邮件)；邮件主体部分为说明文
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：第一人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
当前后有转折关系时，可以用but来连接，这样可使文章过渡自然、逻辑性更强。
4. 成篇章
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your last message. I'm glad to be your pen friend. Let me tell you something about myself._________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Please write to me soon.
Yours,
Zhang Qiang
答案
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) with short black hair
(2) I'm in the school basketball team
(3) I spend lots of time playing basketball at school
(4) I feel excited
(5) My favourite is reading books
(6) I feel happy
4. 成篇章
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your last message. I'm glad to be your pen friend. Let me tell you something about myself.
I'm twelve years old. I'm tall and strong, with short black hair. I have small eyes and a round face. I have three hobbies. I like playing basketball. I'm in the school basketball team and I spend lots of time playing basketball at school. I enjoy swimming as well. I feel excited when I swim. But my favourite is reading books. I read books every day. I feel happy when I read a good book. I'm a confident boy. I'm friendly too. I have many friends and I can get on well with them.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Please write to me soon.
Yours,
Zhang Qiang
八年级下册M2基础知识和作文
重点短语：
first prize 一等奖
dream holiday 梦寐以求的假期
think about 考虑
write about 编写；写作
make up 编写；创作
a fifteen-year-old American boy 一个15岁的美国男孩
at the moment 此刻，目前
one of the biggest and busiest cities in Africa 非洲最大最繁华的城市之一
work for ... 为……工作
for example 例如
be different from ... 与……不同
in many ways 在许多方面
so far 迄今为止
be happy about ... 对……高兴
all over the world 世界各地
count down 倒数；倒计时
重点句型：
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
afford to do sth. 有足够的钱做某事
send sb. to do sth. 派某人去做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
love / enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
learn to do sth. 学会做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
重点语法：现在完成时（1）
现在完成时表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响，也可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。谓语部分由“have / has+动词的过去分词”构成(第三人称单数形式用has, 其他人称用have)。
一、现在完成时的句式
1. 肯定句式：“主语+have / has+动词的过去分词+其他”。如：
They have found the hotel.
Sue has visited the Great Wall.
2. 否定句式：“主语+have / has+not+动词的过去分词+其他” (have not 和has not可分别缩写为haven’t和hasn’t)。如：
They haven’t found the hotel.
Sue hasn’t visited the Great Wall.
3. 一般疑问句式：“Have / Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 ”。肯定回答为“Yes, 主语(人称代词)+have / has.”，否定回答为“No, 主语(人称代词)+haven’t / hasn’t.”。如：
(1) —Have they found the hotel
—Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
(2) —Has Sue visited the Great Wall
—Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
二、动词过去分词的变化规律
规则动词过去分词的变化规律与规则动词过去式的变化规律相同。
1. 一般动词词尾加-ed。如：
work → worked →worked
2. 以“不发音的字母e”结尾的动词后加-d。如：
cause→ caused →caused
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed。如：
cry→ cried→ cried
4. 以“元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：
plan→ planned →planned
注：不规则动词的过去分词的变化需特别记忆。
写作指导
英语老师让你们写一篇题为A special trip的作文，在下周的英语口语课上朗读给同学们听。请你根据以下提示完成作文。
1. where you went
2. when you went there
3. what you visited there
4. why it was special
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：记叙文
时态：以一般过去时为主
人称：以第一人称为主
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
在介绍旅行经历时，我们可用then等词来介绍游览景点的先后顺序，以使文章脉络清晰。
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) We have been to many interesting places in London
(2) It looked very beautiful, especially at night
(3) We travelled on a boat
(4) We went back to our hotel late
(5) I will never forget it
4. 成篇章
A special trip
Three years ago, I took a trip to London with my parents. It was a really nice city.
We have been to many interesting places in London. My favourite one was the London Eye. It's a large wheel on the south bank of the River Thames. We visited it at night. It looked very beautiful, especially at night. We enjoyed the beautiful view of London and took many pictures of the city while we were riding it. Then we travelled on a boat on the River Thames. We were very happy that night and went back to our hotel late. We also visited Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament, the Tower of London and so on. They were all interesting.
Travelling to London is my first time to leave China. So it's a special trip for me. I will never forget it.
外研版八下M3基础知识和作文
重点短语：
a model spaceship 一个宇宙飞船模型
school project 学校项目
the latest news 最新的消息
send ... to ... 发射/送……到……
work hard 努力工作
information on space travel
关于航天旅行的信息
go online 上网
search for 搜寻；查找
hundreds of millions of 亿万的
go around ... 围绕……转
none of ... 没有一个……
a group of ... 一群……
billions of 数十亿的
one of ... ……其中之一
in the universe 在宇宙中
take photos 拍照
solar system 星系；（尤指）太阳系
so many 如此多的
communicate with sb. ...与……联系；与……交流
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
What are you up to 你在忙什么呢？
Sure, no problem. 当然可以，没问题。
重点语法：
现在完成时（2）
一、常用于现在完成时的副词
常用于现在完成时的副词有just, already, ever和yet，下面我们来学习它们的意义及用法。
1. just意为“刚刚”，通常用在肯定句中，放在have / has之后。如：
Susan has just finished her homework.
2. already意为“已经”，通常用在肯定句中，放在have / has之后。如：
We have already visited the Great Wall.
3. ever意为“曾经”，通常用在疑问句或肯定句中。如：
—Have you ever been to America
—No. But I have ever been to England.
4. yet意为“还；尚”，通常用在否定句或疑问句中，放在句末。如：
Jack hasn’t read the book yet.
Has your sister entered the speaking competition yet
二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在或虽未持续到现在但仍对现在有影响，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
—Would you like to watch the movie with me tomorrow
—Sorry, I have watched it.
2. 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在不产生影响。表示过去的时间状语只能与一般过去时连用，不能与现在完成时连用。如：
—Have you been to Beijing
—Yes. I went there last year.
写作指导
【写作任务】(Unit 2 Writing)
地球上的科学家们收到了宇宙飞船从火星上发来的消息：已登陆火星，火星上发现了生命。那里的人们看起来很奇怪，但是他们生活幸福；和地球上的人一样，他们通过看电视、听收音机以及进行球类运动来打发业余时间；他们想过和地球人联系，却不知怎样联系、怎样到达地球。科学家们将邀请外星人乘坐我们的宇宙飞船拜访地球。假如你是一档英语新闻节目的记者，请根据以上内容提示，用英语写一篇短文，报道一下这件事情。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：记叙文
时态：以现在完成时和一般现在时为主
人称：第一人称和第三人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
在写作过程中，可运用but, however, and, either等词来衔接上下文，以增强文章的连贯性和逻辑性。
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) The spaceship has already landed on Mars
(2) People there look very strange
(3) Their TVs and radios are different from ours
(4) They have ever thought about sending us messages
(5) Scientists will invite them to visit us in our spaceship
4. 成篇章
Scientists have just received a message from our spaceship to Mars. It has already landed on Mars and it has discovered life there. People there look very strange. But they live a happy life. They watch TV and listen to the radio in their free time. But their TVs and radios are different from ours. They also play ball games. They have ever thought about sending us messages. However, they don't know how to do it. And they don't know how to get to our earth either. Scientists will invite them to visit us in our spaceship. Hope to meet them soon.
八下M4基础知识和作文
重点短语：
stomach ache胃痛；腹痛
catch a cold 感冒
take sb.'s temperature 量某人的体温
fast food 快餐食品 too much 太多
in front of the computer 在电脑前面
be harmful to ... 对……有害
such as 例如 three times a day 一天三次
take ... for a walk 带……去散步
a girls' football team 一支女子足球队
take part (in sth.) 参加，参与(某事)
in excellent condition 健康状况很好
ride to work 骑车上班
daily exercise 日常运动
with a smile on one's face 某人面带微笑
go for a run 去跑步
feel awful 感到不舒服
all over 浑身；到处
重点句型：
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
start doing sth. 开始做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
How can I help you 你哪里不舒服？
I see. 我明白了。
I don't think so. 我认为没有。
No, not usually. 不，经常不。
That's the problem! 这就是问题所在！
1. —How long have you been like this
—Since Friday.
2. Let me take your temperature ...
3. What kind of food do you eat
4. That's why you've got a stomach ache.
5. I haven't done much exercise since I got my computer last year.
6. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day.
7. I have had him for three months now.
8. Since then, it has become part of my life.
9. Why don't we go for a run before school
10. Perhaps I am too weak to do any exercise.
重点语法：现在完成时（3）
我们已经知道，现在完成时可以表示某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，这时常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由since或for引导。具体用法如下：
1. since意为“自……以来”，它既可作介词，又可作连词。作介词时，后接时间点；作连词时，引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
They have lived here since 2010.
Wang Hai has learned English since he was 5 years old.
2. for作介词，后接一段时间。如：
Jason has stayed in Shanghai for a month.
3. 对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long。如：
I have worked in this factory for five years. (对划线部分提问)
How long have you worked in this factory
【注意】
1. 在英语中，一些表示短暂意义的动词，一般不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
He has come to this park for two weeks. (×)
2. 表示短暂意义的动词在现在完成时的否定句中可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
He hasn’t come to this park for two weeks.
写作指导
【写作任务】
假如你是Colin，一直受肥胖困扰，为此你去看了医生。医生让你减肥并给了你一些建议，你听从了医生的建议，现在身体很健康。请你写一篇英语短文介绍自己的这段经历。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：记叙文
时态：以一般过去时为主
人称：第一人称和第三人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
当上下文有因果关系时，可以用because 或so来衔接，这样可使文章更加顺畅和自然。
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) I ate too much fast food
(2) That made me feel awful / terrible / bad
(3) I decided to stop eating / not to eat fast food
(4) It's not easy for me to do those
(5) With their help, I made it
4. 成篇章
I was very fat in the past. Because I ate too much fast food and got little exercise. That made me feel awful. So I saw many doctors. They all asked me to stop eating fast food and take more exercise. To become fit and healthy, I decided to stop eating fast food and start playing sports. It's not easy for me to do those. But my parents and friends played sports with me and kept saying, “Colin, come on! You can do it!” With their help, I made it. I'm fitter and healthier now than before. I'm very happy.
八下M5基础知识和作文
重点短语：
climb up 爬上
learn lessons from ... 从……中吸取教训
laugh at 笑；嘲笑
win the heart of sb. 赢得某人的心
all over the world 全世界
lead ... against ... 带领……对抗……
a group of ... 一群……
make a terrible mess 弄得乱七八糟
ever since 自从；从那以后
work for ... 为……工作
more than 超过
in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
one’s own private world 某人自己的个人世界
as well as 并且，还
come out 出版；问世
重点句型：
1. It's time to watch a cartoon.
2. Why don't we watch Spiderman
3. I want to be someone like him.
4. I think there's a lesson there!
5. Parents and children laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven.
6. He has been popular for over eighty years.
7. Tintin appeared in China in the 1980s.
8. Snoopy lives in his own private world and finds real life hard to understand.
9.keep doing sth. 反复/继续做某事
10.can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
11.expect to do sth. 期待做某事
重点语法：
时态 含义 结构 常用时间状语 例句
一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态 am / is / are或其他动词的一般现在时形式 always, often, usually, every day等 Mary often goes to the park on Sunday.
一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 was / were或其他动词的过去式形式 yesterday, last week等 My father went to Beijing by plane last week.
现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或表示某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在 has / have +动词的过去分词 already, yet, just, ever，“for +段时间”或“since +表示过去的点时间”等 They have been friends for ten years.
写作指导
【写作任务】(Unit 2 Writing)
英语老师让你们周末写一篇题为“我最喜欢的动画片”的作文。请你根据以下提示信息完成该写作任务。
提示信息：
1. 它是关于什么的？
2. 它有哪些人物？
3. 你为什么喜欢它？
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：说明文
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：以第三人称为主
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
当上下文为转折关系时，可用however来连接，为因果关系时，可用so来连接，这些词语的运用可使文章衔接自然、流畅，增强文章的逻辑性。
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) It tells the story of a little girl named Bonnie and her toys
(2) Soon Forky becomes Bonnie's favourite
(3) she worries about Forky very much
(4) I learn a lot from it
4. 成篇章
My favourite cartoon is Toy Story 4.
It tells the story of a little girl named Bonnie and her toys. The main characters in the cartoon are two toys named Woody and Forky. Bonnie gets Woody from Andy. Bonnie doesn't like Woody so much. Bonnie makes a small toy out of some trash and names him Forky. Soon Forky becomes Bonnie's favourite. However, Forky isn't happy at all. He thinks he is just trash and life is meaningless to him. He is afraid that other toys don't like him. So he runs away from Bonnie and other toys. When Bonnie knows this, she worries about Forky very much. To make Bonnie happy, Woody and other toys try their best to find Forky for Bonnie.
I love the cartoon. I learn a lot from it. It teaches me how to make new friends and how to find the meaning of life.

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