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阅读理解（说明文）-2024年高三英语名校联考试题汇编
1.【2023 届福建省七地市高三质量检测】
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric
vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the
Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually
pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven
University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with
special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000
kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team
calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does
during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would
be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be
easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy
feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house
when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产
商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
8 ．What is special about ZEM
A ．It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B ．It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C ．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D ．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
9 ．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2
A ．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B ．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C ．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D ．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
10 ．What do we know about all the components of ZEM
A ．They are of high quality. B ．They are easy to process.
C ．They are convenient to print. D ．They are environmentally friendly.
11 ．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future
A ．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B ．Mass production of ZEM cars.
C ．Big success in beating other car makers. D ．Dramatic changes in transportation.
Passage 2
The researchers drew a conclusion that orphaned (成为孤儿) elephants would be more stressed out than
non-orphans. There’s a lot of evidence that the mother-child bond helps reduce stress in animals, which has been
demonstrated previously in rats and birds, says the study leader Jenna Parker. Elephants have complicated social
structures and deep family bonds. Because orphaned elephants in the same region die at a higher rate than elephants
with living mothers, it seemed like a no-brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out.
The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn’t a difference in the stress hormone (荷尔
蒙) levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family members, such as aunts,
cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants — even the orphans — that lived in groups with fellows of their own age
turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t.
Parker recalls two orphans in the study, Frida and Rothko. “Frida had a non-functional left ear and Rothko had a non-functional right ear,” and they were inseparable, she says. “It was as though they had at least one good set of
ears as long as they were together!” The findings also fit with previous social research in African elephants, Parker
says. “Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother’s death.” She notes that dominance is
structured by age in elephants: Older elephants may outrank younger elephants when it comes to food, for example,
but elephants of the same age are generally equals.
With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the findings published today in
Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants’ survival. This information could also help recovery facilities that take in orphaned elephants set the animals up for a successful future in the wild — releasing them in large groups of bonded fellows, for example. “The bottom line here is that elephants need elephants,” says Parker. “And when the worst happens, like losing a mother, some find
new ways to survive and grow happily.”
12 ．Why are family bonds and social structures mentioned in paragraph 1
A ．To prove their connection. B ．To explain their meanings.
C ．To show their significance. D ．To clarify their differences.
13 ．Which statement may Parker agree with
A ．Non-orphans outrank orphans in elephants.
B ．Orphaned elephants are in need of their age mates.
C ．Older elephants tend to attend to younger elephants.
D ．Orphaned elephants prefer interaction with older elephants.
14 ．What does the author think of the team’s research findings
A ．They’re baseless. B ．They’re novel.
C ．They’re original. D ．They’re predictable.
15 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．Hunting and Drought Are Major Threats to Elephants
B ．Human Protection Helps Orphaned Elephants Survive
C ．Living with Older Elephants May Contribute to Survival
D ．Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants
2.【广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校 2023 年高三联考】
Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the
expected potential threats.
If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time, we would
discover, in reviewing them, that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This
means that most of the time we devote to worrying, which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is
troubling us, is wasted, Thus, we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain, but took up valuable minutes
and hours that could’ve been spent elsewhere.
To avoid this, it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry. More importantly, we should
analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us. Blindly feeling nervous about
whether the problem can be solved is sometimes ridiculous, for the problems do not exist. Once, shortly before a
major concert, a member of Arturo Toscanini’s orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. “Maestro (大师), ”the musician said, “my instrument is not working properly. I cannot reach the
note of E-flat. Whatever will I do We are to begin in a few moments.” Toscanini looked at the man with
amazement. Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. “My friend, ” he replied, “Do not
worry about it. The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. ”
The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able to go on to do something more
meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.
8 ．What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs
A ．It requires people to record and review the trouble later.
B ．It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.
C ．It’s referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.
D ．It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.
9 ．The example of the orchestra mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to argue that .
A ．the note E-flat does not appear in the music
B ．wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculous
C ．it’s not wise to be disturbed by something imaginary
D ．a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively
10 ．What can be inferred from the text
A ．Arturo Toscanini was a great Italian musician from Italy.
B ．Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.
C ．Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.
D ．People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.
11 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．The source of worry.
B ．How to deal with worry.
C ．The definition of worry.
D ．How worry affects people.
3.【河北省“五个一”名校联盟 2023 年 1 月试题】
Hannah Huxford encountered the fry-stealing gull in Bridlington, a coastal town on the Yorkshire coast.
Huxford snapped the well-timed photo on her iPhone in 2011; it went viral soon after. A decade later, the
fry-stealing gull is appearing on billboards, as part of an advertising campaign for Google.
Researchers recently discovered that food may actually become more attractive to gulls when the birds
observe humans handling it first, according to a 2020 study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
Because the birds seem to be attracted to food items that they’ve watched humans touch, another of the study’s
authors, says that it’s even more important to properly throw food waste and snack wrappers in the trash. “Our
findings suggest that gulls are more likely to approach food that they have seen people drop or put down, so they
may associate areas where people are eating with an easy meal, ‘‘ Dr. Laura Kelley said.
The scientists approached 74 herring gulls in coastal towns in Cornwall, tempting them with weighted bags of
fried potatoes. Only 19 gulls were curious or hungry enough to linger (逗留), allowing the scientists to place the
bag on the ground and retreat a short distance away, waiting in a crouched (蹲下) position to see if a gull would
approach.
Their experiments demonstrated that gulls were more cautious about approaching a tempting treat if there was a person nearby who was watching them closely. However, the scientists also found that far fewer of the birds than
expected showed interest in investigating the food at all when being stared at.
In fact, people may be able to protect their lunches from gulls by avoiding areas where the birds tend to gather and keeping a closer eye on their meals, she added. “Gulls have a bad reputation but, like all animals, they are just trying to survive,“ Goumas said. “We can try to alleviate the conflict we have with them by making changes in our
own behavior. ”
8 ．Why does the author mention “the fry-stealing gull photo“ in Paragraph 1
A ．To open up the topic. B ．To kid about the gull.
C ．To tell us an episode. D ．To introduce the background.
9 ．What did gulls prefer according to the study
A ．Photos taken by people. B ．Areas full of food waste.
C ．Food that visitors are eating. D ．Snack wrappers in the trash.
10 ．What can we know about gulls from the scientists’ experiments
A ．They don’t like the food left over by humans.
B ．They approach the treat when they are hungry.
C ．They are interested in eating food with humans.
D ．They probably won’t eat the treat when being watched.
11 ．What’s Goumas’s attitude to the action of the fry-stealing gull
A ．Conservative. B ．Sympathetic.
C ．Skeptical. D ．Indifferent.
4.【河北省廊坊一中 2022-2023 学年试题】
The global population reached 8 billion on 15 November 2022, and India was estimated to surpass(超过)China
as the world’s most populous country in 2023, according to World Population Prospects 2022, released on World
Population Day.
“This year’s World Population Day falls during a milestone year, when we anticipate the birth of the Earth’s
eight billionth inhabitant. This is an occasion to celebrate our diversity, recognize our common humanity, and
marvel at advancements in health that have extended lifespans and dramatically reduced maternal and child
mortality rates(死亡率),” said UN Secretary – General António Guterres. “At the same time, it is a reminder of our shared responsibility to care for our planet and a moment to reflect on where we still fall short of our commitments
to one another,” he added.
The global population is growing at its slowest rale since 1950. The latest projections by the United Nations suggest that the world’s population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050. It is projected
to reach a peak of around 10.4 billion people during the 2080s and to remain at that level until 2100.
“The relationship between population growth and sustainable development is complex” said Liu Zhenmin, an
official of the UN. “Rapid population growth makes defeating hunger and increasing the coverage of health and
education systems more difficult. Conversely, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those
related to health and education, will contribute to reducing fertility(能生育性)levels and slowing global population
growth.”
Countries with ageing populations should take steps to adapt public programmes to the growing numbers of
older persons, including by establishing universal health care and long-term care systems.
“Further actions by governments aimed at reducing fertility would have little impact on the pace of population
growth between now and mid-century, because of the youthful age structure of today’s global population.
Nevertheless, the cumulative(累计的)effect of lower fertility, if maintained over several decades, could slower
global population growth greatly in the second half of the century,” added John Wilmoth, an official of the UN.
12 ．Which of the following statements would António Guterres agree with
A ．We human beings should reflect on our diversity.
B ．The global population growth goal has been achieved since 2022.
C ．Governments shall try to keep their promises to population growth.
D ．It is sure that the world’s population can grow to 9.7 billion in 2050.
13 ．What’s Liu Zhenmin’s attitude towards population growth
A ．Objective. B ．Satisfied. C ．Doubtful. D ．Puzzled.
14 ．What does the underlined word “Conversely” in the fourth paragraph mean
A ．As a result. B ．First of all. C ．On the contrary. D ．Most importantly.
15 ．How does John think of further actions by governments in the short run
A ．There are many different debates on them.
B ．They contribute to population’s structure.
C ．They ignore world economy’s development.
D ．There is little influence on population growth.
5.【湖北省高中名校联合体 2023 年诊断试题】
Passage 1
Ever wondered why your hotel pool seems overly small compared to its website picture A new graph reveals just how far companies will go to make their products seem more appealing, from replacing actual ice cream with mashed potato for a more solid appearance, to using motor oil for honey. One of the most common examples is that
of advertised images of hamburgers, which show items between the bun to be larger and brighter than they really
are, leading consumers to think the food is fresher than it really is.
Frozen food packages are repeat offenders which show the meals perfectly plated with fresh ingredients.
Where an image includes ingredients not included in the purchase, a “serving suggestion” disclaimer is a legal
requirement. However, if a customer fails to notice the tiny caption, they often incorrectly assume that all illustrated
items are included.
Deception in advertising is not just limited to food products. Hotels and resorts often alter images or use
deceptive angles to manipulate the building’s real surroundings. For example, one hotel advertisement used a
cleverly positioned low angle to feature what appears to be an endless pool. In truth, the pool is simply round in
shape.
Children are also often cheated by commercials. When they finally receive that toy or outdoor paddling pool,
they find that the product is far smaller than advertised. With nearly half of American consumers believing
advertising to be “fairly honest”, it seems they will continue to be tricked into buying disappointing products.
4 ．The writer writes the first paragraph in order to .
A ．inform an issue B ．introduce the topic
C ．catch readers’ attention D ．deliver some phenomena
5 ．According to the text, which of the following issues might consumers have with food products
A ．The food is not healthy enough.
B ．It is difficult to know how to serve a frozen meal.
C ．Some items shown on the box disappear.
D ．The burger bun is smaller than they were expecting.
6 ．According to the article, almost 50% of American buyers .
A ．do not trust advertising companies
B ．believe that advertising is not honest enough
C ．think that the products are disappointing
D ．will continue being deceived by false advertising
7 ．The overall purpose of the text is to .
A ．persuade people to boycott advertising
B ．praise advertising companies for their creativity
C ．raise public awareness regarding unreliable advertising
D ．promote the use of advertisements and marketing material
Passage 2
While some may complain about the possible death of the English language because of texting abbreviations like LOL, teenagers all over the world have actually kept endangered languages intact through SMS (short message
service) messages.
Text messages written in regional, endangered languages by teens in Mexico and the Philippines are examples
of languages reborn. Research into language renewal was carried out by Samuel Herrera, head of the linguistics
laboratory at the Institute of Anthropological Research in Mexico City.
“Almost as soon as text messaging exploded on the world stage as a means to reach anyone, anywhere and anytime, young people began to find a way to make it more exclusive and develop their own code to use on the
popular devices,” he wrote.
Professor Adam Michaelson, the director of the Institute for Endangered Languages of Corban University in Salem, Oregon, says that somewhere between the ages of six and twenty-five, people make a definitive decision as to whether or not they will stay or break with a language. The fact that they have taken the old and changed it into the new is something that not only makes sense, but also drives the continuation of culture. In fact, according to Dr Gregory Anderson, who is a researcher in the same department, young people need to be the ones reviving a dying
language. This is, of course, the language that they will nurture and use as their own. For this reason, he has high
hopes for the future.“If the language isn’t being used by their peer group, then they reject it outright,” Anderson
concluded.
So, while some text messages may seem like a foreign language — like “nom nom” — some may actually be
in languages considered nearly gone. Who knows, maybe Latin will become popular Only time will tell.
8 ．As soon as text messaging became popular, young people .
A ．stopped using SMS B ．developed their own way of using it
C ．changed it into something new D ．refused to abandon their own languages
9 ．Dr Anderson believes that young people refuse to .
A ．use an old language by changing it
B ．use a language that is not used by their friends
C ．send text messages in dying languages
D ．help researchers preserve endangered languages
10 ．Latin is a language .
A ．forbidden in text messages
B ．suited to communicating by SMS
C ．that might grow to be fashionable
D ．used at the Institute for Endangered Languages
11 ．Which of the following might be a suitable title of the text
A ．Will SMS make language disappear or revive
B ．The future of language is decided by texting and teenagers.
C ．Teens texting bring back languages from the edge of extinction.
D ．Teenagers take responsibility for the protection of endangered languages.
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学 2022-2023 学年高三试题 】
“You can come in here at eight o’clock at night to pick up mail,says Trevor Braun, boasting about the post
office inside Elmore Store in rural Vermont. A recent Monday saw a steady stream of locals pop in to pick up their post, send packages and buy groceries. The shop and its post office have been at the centre of the small community,
since they opened in the early 1800s. But that may soon change.
After the shop’s longtime owner retired, the United States Postal Service(USPS) did not automatically renew the contract with the new owner. Although it does nearly everything a post office does the USPS can shut it with
little notice.
Without the post office many of the 900 residents would be virtually cut off from the world. Much of the area has no mobile-phone coverage. The post office is where many get their news. Locals got the state’s officials to fight
to keep their post office. Contract negotiations are now under way.
It is not just Elmore’s post office that is in jeopardy. The USPS has been in financial trouble for years. Shifts in the way people communicate and pay bills have meant fewer letters in the post. Banking is done electronically and people use social media to send cards, notes and photos. Newspapers increasingly arrive on mobile devices.
True, package volume is up because of e-commerce. But the losses are on the opposite.
On February 8th the USPS announced a $ 1.3bn loss in its most recent quarterly results, compared with a $ 288m loss for the same period in 2021. And unlike other federal agencies the USPS does not receive direct
federal funding. It must rely on stamp sales and shipping income.
The USPS cannot afford to wait long for help. Nor can its customers, who include most small businesses and the Social Security Administration, which mails 350m notices a year. About 7m Medicare recipients get at least one medicine through the post. Over 43% of voters cast their votes by mail in 2021. Johnathan Hladik of the Centre for Rural Affairs puts it this way：“If you don’t have the basic equipment like the ability to get dependable mail, small
towns like Elmore simply don’t stand a chance.”
28 ．According to Paragraph 1, what do we know about the post office inside Elmore Store
A ．It allows people to get mail at all times of the day.
B ．It wins the praise of Trevor Braun due to its services.
C ．It is located at the middle of rural Vermont.
D ．It will be changed greatly soon by renovation.
29 ．What does the phrase “in jeopardy”(Line 1, Para. 4) probably mean
A ．In danger. B ．In order. C ．In place. D ．In vain.
30 ．Why is the USPS different from other federal agencies
A ．Because it has suffered the greatest loss in recent quarterly results.
B ．Because its financial loss is in excess of $ 288m in 2022.
C ．Because it does not have any access to federal funding.
D ．Because it makes a profit in limited ways.
31 ．Which of the following could be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．The USPS is relied heavily on by its customers.
B ．Many Medicare recipients cannot get any medicines without USPS.
C ．More than 43% of the population will vote by mail in 2022.
D ．Elmore will keep the post office due to its basic facilities.
7.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学 2022-2023 学年高三试题】
Passage 1
What’s your favorite insect It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior
almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity
in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing
sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez
explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants
help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony
B, or would it only help ants from its own colony ”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing
occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal
was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up
these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research,
Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to
potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24 ．What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about
A ．Different ant colonies.
B ．Ants that help each other.
C ．Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D ．Sound communication between ants.
25 ．What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected
A ．How they worked with other ants.
B ．What other ants they would help.
C ．When they would help other ants.
D ．How often they received sound signals.
26 ．Why did Velazquez color-code the ants
A ．To bury the workers in the dirt.
B ．To see how far ants would travel.
C ．To record interaction between colonies.
D ．To identify ants from different colonies.
27 ．What does Velazquez say about a research project
A ．It contributes much to your studies.
B ．It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C ．You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D ．You will have to spend a lot of time on it.
Passage 2
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you
need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety
or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major
depressive disorder, while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a
reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the
time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their
responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the
changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in
changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their
emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome,
and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful
behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
32 ．According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making
A ．Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B ．Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C ．Wondering who will make a decision.
D ．Wondering how to help make a decision.
33 ．What was the purpose of the unstable block
A ．To create a fast-changing situation.
B ．To train participants to respond to changes.
C ．To make the video game more challenging.
D ．To help those with anxiety make decisions.
34 ．Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes
A ．To improve decision-making.
B ．To remember the achievements.
C ．To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D ．To avoid making difficult decisions.
35 ．What advice can be given according to the study
A ．Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B ．Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C ．Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D ．Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.
8.【江苏省扬州中学 2023 学年试题】
17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the
nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH
is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest
ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,”
says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet
provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes
infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The
goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because
developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So,
my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After
graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
4 ．How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected
A ．By observing the pH test paper.
B ．Through the doctors’ examination.
C ．By looking at sutures’ color changing.
D ．By observing how the wound changes.
5 ．What did Dasia discover in her experiment
A ．Beet has the same pH level. B ．Beet can change color at different times.
C ．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. D ．Beet can be used to help her with the invention.
6 ．What can we learn about Dasia
A ．She has won the invention patent.
B ．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.
C ．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.
D ．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.
7 ．What will Dasia’s future career probably involve
A ．Medical and health work. B ．Medical device development.
C ．Something about the legal aid. D ．Medical and science research.
9.【辽宁省抚顺市一中 2022-2023 学年 1 月试卷】
Soot (煤) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising
questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.
“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed ” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new
study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because
of global warming.
When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat.
“These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.
“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means
more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research
results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are
disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this it really does make us think twice about how
frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of
visitors each year.
7 ．What is Khan’s attitude towards human actions in Antarctica according to paragraph 2
A ．Angry and abusive. B ．Cold and uninterested.
C ．Doubtful and anxious. D ．Admiring and delighted.
8 ．What is the main cause of soot pollution in Antarctica
A ．The quick melting of ice and snow. B ．The emission from virous transport.
C ．The remaining parts of burning plants. D ．The floating gases from other continents.
9 ．What do we know from Nagorski
A ．The covered ice is less reflective.
B ．The melting speed of ice is slower than before.
C ．The dark blanket serves as a big mirror.
D ．The sunlight gets increasingly stronger recently.
10 ．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A ．What made our planet so polluted B ．Who is to blame for air pollution
C ．Can electric vehicles save tourism D ．Are we welcome to the South Pole
10.【重庆市巴蜀中学 2022-2023 学年试题】
Passage 1
Mars will launch a new range of lower calorie chocolate bars next month to avoid the government’s latest
crackdown on unhealthy snacks.
The company’s “Triple Treat” range will include new versions of Mars, Bounty, Snickers and Galaxy bars,
and will be available exclusively in Tesco supermarkets. The new formulation Mars bar will be 22 per cent smaller and contain 24 per cent fewer calories. However, it will cost 80p rather than the 65p charged for a standard bar. The
company said the higher price was justified because it had used more expensive ingredients, such as date paste,
raisins and peanuts in the new version.
From October, foods considered high in salt, fat or sugar, including Mars’s traditional bars, will be banned
from checkouts, store entrances and the ends of aisles under government plans to control the obesity crisis.
The NHS (National Health Service) spends more than 6 billion a year treating obesity-related ill health. The government says that children in the poorest parts of the country are more than twice as likely to be obese as their
peers in the wealthiest areas. Kerry Cavanaugh, Mars Wrigley UK Marketing Director, said: “Triple Treat does
exactly what it says on the tin-it’s packed with a trio of fruit, nuts and our iconic chocolate, and is delightfully
delicious to boot. At Mars Wrigley, we’re thrilled that Brits can now enjoy a great tasting-and
health-friendly-Galaxy, Mars, Snickers and Bounty treat. Per 100g, the new Mars will contain 37 per cent less fat, 30 per cent less sugar and 55 per cent less salt than the original bar. Mars has developed the range over the past 18
months to ensure that it can continue placing its chocolate snacks in prominent locations in stores.”
Other candy and chocolate giants have struggled to make products that are in accordance with the
government’s new rules. In 2019 Mondelez released Cadbury Dairy Milk with 30 per cent less sugar yet learnt that
it was still in trouble when the criteria were confirmed two years later.
28 ．What do we know about the new Mars bars
A ．They are sold at an unacceptable price.
B ．They will be available in three versions.
C ．They can be bought in most supermarkets.
D ．They feature lower calories and smaller size.
29 ．What’s the purpose of the government’s new rules
A ．To crack clown on illegal snacks. B ．To ease the obesity crisis.
C ．To raise money for poor children. D ．To treat obesity-related illnesses.
30 ．What does Kerry Cavanaugh probably agree with
A ．The New Mars are both tasty and healthy.
B ．Britons will be disappointed at the new Mars.
C ．Mars bars are reinvented as sugar-free snacks.
D ．Restrictions on chocolate bars should be lifted.
31 ．What does the author want to show by mentioning Mondelez
A ．The new rules require further tightening up.
B ．Businesses are slow to respond to the new rules.
C ．The new rules have hardly benefited snack producers.
D ．Businesses have had a hard time adjusting to the new rules.
Passage 2
Across India, summers can be extreme. Temperatures outdoors can soar to 124°F (51℃), high enough to melt
the surface of the streets.
Millions of urban lower-income families live in tiny, one-room houses crammed together. Such shacks have
tin and asbestos (石棉的) roofs. These materials absorb the sun’s heat, rather than reflect it back into the
atmosphere. Additionally, only a few trees grow between the jam-packed houses. Making matters worse is the
residents’ poverty. Most households cannot afford to run air conditioners and coolers. All these factors make the
inside of these tiny houses extremely hot. Under such conditions, residents find it difficult to live, let alone work.
Productivity declines.
Social workers and scientists have realized that the quickest way to cool such houses is to change their roofs.
That’s because the roof receives the most direct sunlight. Climate researchers came up with many strategies to
produce cool roofs. One easy way was with paint. Light-colored surfaces reflect more heat than darker ones, so
roofs painted white would be cooler than those painted in any other color. This wasn’t a new idea. In fact, Indians
have traditionally whitewashed homes with chuna. The annual Monsoon rains, though, wash the chuna away.
Climate experts hoped that the white paints would last longer. Research findings revealed that painting alone could
bring down the heat by up to 9℉(5℃).
Problems persist, though. While the paint is fairly cheap, poor people cannot afford it without financial help.
In addition, the sunlight bouncing off white-topped roofs makes them too bright to look at. Residents usually use
the roofs for drying wet clothes and vegetables, like chilies. But the glare from the whitened surfaces makes it
tough for them to do these tasks. A third problem is that white-roofedbuildings reflect the sun’s rays throughout the year. Ironically, this makes roofs too cool in regions where winters get extremely cold. And keeping warm is costly,
too.
Despite these drawbacks, many households are supporters of cool roof initiatives. For most, the benefits of the
roofs outweigh their flaws. Indeed, the white paint has given their lives a newlight.
32 ．What is a factor contributing to Indian houses’ extreme heat
A ．The building materials of the roofs. B ．Residents’ lack of green awareness.
C ．The influence of the global economy. D ．There being no trees in the community.
33 ．Why is white paint a good choice according to paragraph 3
A ．It is effective. B ．It is innovative. C ．It is replaceable. D ．It is long-lasting.
34 ．What problem comes with white paint roofs
A ．Their brightness will lead to color blindness.
B ．The paint will become too expensive to afford.
C ．It will be inconvenient to dry stuff on the roofs.
D ．Residents’ living cost will be higher in summer.
35 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Light-colored paints. B ．A house-cooling strategy.
C ．White-roofed buildings. D ．An energy-saving initiative.阅读理解（说明文）-2024年高三英语名校联考试题汇编
1.【2023 届福建省七地市高三质量检测】
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric
vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the
Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually
pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven
University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with
special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000
kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team
calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does
during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would
be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be
easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy
feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house
when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产
商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
8 ．What is special about ZEM
A ．It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B ．It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C ．It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D ．It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
9 ．Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2
A ．To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B ．To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C ．To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D ．To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
10 ．What do we know about all the components of ZEM
A ．They are of high quality. B ．They are easy to process.
C ．They are convenient to print. D ．They are environmentally friendly.
11 ．What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future
A ．Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B ．Mass production of ZEM cars.
C ．Big success in beating other car makers. D ．Dramatic changes in transportation.
(
【答案】
8
．
C 9
．
A 10
．
D
11
．
B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学
生团队发明了一种叫做
ZEM
的电动汽车，
这种汽
车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气
中提取二氧化碳。
8
．细节理解题。根据第二段中
“Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission
m
obility”,
the
car
is
equipped with
special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air
as
it
drives.(
这种汽车被称为
“ZEM”
，意思是
“
零排放机动
性
”
，它配备了特殊装置，
在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。
)”
可知，
ZEM
的特殊之处在于它能降
低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选
C
。
9
．推理判断题。根据第二中
“The team says if
ZEM i
s driven about 32,000
kilometers,
it
can
remove
2
kilograms
of
carbon dioxide from the air. Th
at’s not a huge
amount.
The team
calculates
that
10
ZEM
cars
on
the road
for
a
year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typic
al tree
does
during that
time.
(
研究小组说，如果
ZEM
行驶
约
32000
公里， 它可以从空气中清除
2
公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，
10
辆
ZEM
汽车在
公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。
)”
可推知， 研究团队在第二段
计算
ZEM
吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对
ZEM
汽车的美好憧憬，故选
A
。
)
(
10
．细节理解题。根据第三段
“ZEM also has several other inno
vations that help to make it more
capable
of
being
sustained: the car’s frame and panels (
面板
) are
3D printed to reduce was
te;
it was built using
recycled
and
recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart
so that many
of
its parts
can be reu
sed. ZEM’s
battery
is
also
reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged w
ith
solar panels
on the
car’s
roof—and
can
even
be
used to provide power to your house when the car isn’
t on the road.(ZEM
还有其他一些创新，
有助于使其更具可
持续性
:
汽车的车架和面板是
3D
打
印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易
地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。
ZEM
的电池
也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点
:
它可以
用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时
候为你的房子提供电力。
)”
可知，
ZEM
的所
有零部件都是环保的，故选
D
。
11
．推理判断题。根据最后一段中
“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to
challenge the
electric
car
industry:
If
32
students can build a car like t
his in less than
a year,
then
surely
car
manufacturers
(
生产商
)
are
expected
to
adopt
these innovations, too.(Eindh
oven
的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果
32
名学生能在不
到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。
)”
可知
，
Eindhoven
团队的
目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，
Eindhoven
希望在未来实现
ZEM
汽车的大
量生产，故选
B
。
)
Passage 2
The researchers drew a conclusion that orphaned (成为孤儿) elephants would be more stressed out than
non-orphans. There’s a lot of evidence that the mother-child bond helps reduce stress in animals, which has been
demonstrated previously in rats and birds, says the study leader Jenna Parker. Elephants have complicated social
structures and deep family bonds. Because orphaned elephants in the same region die at a higher rate than elephants
with living mothers, it seemed like a no-brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out.
The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn’t a difference in the stress hormone (荷尔
蒙) levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family members, such as aunts,
cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants — even the orphans — that lived in groups with fellows of their own age
turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t.
Parker recalls two orphans in the study, Frida and Rothko. “Frida had a non-functional left ear and Rothko had a non-functional right ear,” and they were inseparable, she says. “It was as though they had at least one good set of ears as long as they were together!” The findings also fit with previous social research in African elephants, Parker
says. “Orphans increase interaction with their age mates after their mother’s death.” She notes that dominance is
structured by age in elephants: Older elephants may outrank younger elephants when it comes to food, for example,
but elephants of the same age are generally equals.
With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the findings published today in
Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group may contribute to elephants’ survival. This information could also help recovery facilities that take in orphaned elephants set the animals up for a successful future in the wild — releasing them in large groups of bonded fellows, for example. “The bottom line here is that elephants need elephants,” says Parker. “And when the worst happens, like losing a mother, some find
new ways to survive and grow happily.”
12 ．Why are family bonds and social structures mentioned in paragraph 1
A ．To prove their connection. B ．To explain their meanings.
C ．To show their significance. D ．To clarify their differences.
13 ．Which statement may Parker agree with
A ．Non-orphans outrank orphans in elephants.
B ．Orphaned elephants are in need of their age mates.
C ．Older elephants tend to attend to younger elephants.
D ．Orphaned elephants prefer interaction with older elephants.
14 ．What does the author think of the team’s research findings
A ．They’re baseless. B ．They’re novel.
C ．They’re original. D ．They’re predictable.
15 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．Hunting and Drought Are Major Threats to Elephants
B ．Human Protection Helps Orphaned Elephants Survive
C ．Living with Older Elephants May Contribute to Survival
D ．Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants
(
【答案】
12
．
C
13
．
B
14
．
B
15
．
D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍同伴可以帮助孤儿大象缓解压力。
12
．推理判断题。根据第一段中
“Elephants hav
e complicated social structures and deep
family bonds. Because
orphaned elephants in the same region die at
a h
igher rate than
elephants
with
living
mothers,
it
seemed
like
a
no-brainer that surviving orphans would be stressed out.(
大象有着复杂的社会结构和深厚的家庭关系。由于同一
地区的孤儿大象的死亡率高于母亲健在的大象，
因此幸存的孤儿压力很大似乎是显而易见的
)”
可推知， 文中
)
提到家庭关系和社会结构是为了说明它们对大象的意义。故选 C 项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn’t a difference
in the stress hormone (荷尔蒙) levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family
members, such as aunts, cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants — even the orphans — that lived in groups with fellows of their own age turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t.(然而，研究小组有了一个意想不 到的发现：只要大象和家庭成员生活在一起，比如姨妈、表亲或兄弟姐妹，孤儿和非孤儿的大象的压力激 素水平真的没有区别。事实证明，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象——甚至是孤儿大象——所承受的压力比 那些不生活在一起的大象要小)”以及第三段中“Parker recalls two orphans in the study, Frida and Rothko. ‘Frida
had a non-functional left ear and Rothko had a non-functional right ear,’ and they were inseparable, she says. ‘It
was as though they had at least one good set of ears as long as they were together!’ The findings also fit with
previous social research in African elephants, Parker says.(帕克回忆起研究中的两个孤儿， 弗里达和罗斯科。 “弗 里达的左耳没有功能， 罗斯科的右耳也没有功能， ”他们形影不离， 她说。 “ 只要他们在一起， 就好像他们至 少有一副好耳朵一样!”帕克说， 这些发现也符合之前对非洲象的社会研究)”可推知， 帕克可能会同意孤儿大
象需要同龄的伴侣的说法。故选 B 项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With human-wildlife conflict and drought threats to elephants in the region, the
findings published today in Communications Biology offer a new insight into how having a strong fellow group
may contribute to elephants’ survival.(随着人类与野生动物的冲突和干旱对该地区大象的威胁，今天发表在
《通讯生物学》上的研究结果为拥有一个强大的同伴如何有助于大象的生存提供了新的见解)”可知， 作者认
为这个团队的研究成果是新颖的。故选 B 项。
15 ．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现大象孤儿能从同龄大象那里得到帮助和陪伴，最 终压力水平恢复正常。再结合第二段中“The team, however, made an unexpected finding: There really wasn’t a difference in the stress hormone levels of orphaned and non-orphaned elephants, as long as they lived with family
members, such as aunts, cousins, or brothers and sisters. Elephants—even the orphans—that lived in groups with
fellows of their own age turned out to be under less stress than those that didn’t.(然而，研究小组有了一个意想不 到的发现:只要大象和家庭成员生活在一起，比如姨妈、表亲或兄弟姐妹，孤儿和非孤儿的大象的压力激素 水平真的没有区别。事实证明，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象——甚至是孤儿大象——所承受的压力比那 些不生活在一起的大象要小)”可知， D 项“Friends May Be Key to Stress Relief for Orphaned Elephants(朋友可
能是孤儿大象缓解压力的关键)”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选 D 项。
2.【广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校 2023 年高三联考】
Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the
expected potential threats.
If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time, we would
discover, in reviewing them, that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This
means that most of the time we devote to worrying, which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is
troubling us, is wasted, Thus, we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain, but took up valuable minutes
and hours that could’ve been spent elsewhere.
To avoid this, it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry. More importantly, we should
analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us. Blindly feeling nervous about
whether the problem can be solved is sometimes ridiculous, for the problems do not exist. Once, shortly before a
major concert, a member of Arturo Toscanini’s orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. “Maestro (大师), ”the musician said, “my instrument is not working properly. I cannot reach the
note of E-flat. Whatever will I do We are to begin in a few moments.” Toscanini looked at the man with
amazement. Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. “My friend, ” he replied, “Do not
worry about it. The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. ”
The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters, we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen. Then we may be able to go on to do something more
meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.
8 ．What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs
A ．It requires people to record and review the trouble later.
B ．It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.
C ．It’s referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.
D ．It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.
9 ．The example of the orchestra mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to argue that .
A ．the note E-flat does not appear in the music
B ．wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculous
C ．it’s not wise to be disturbed by something imaginary
D ．a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively
10 ．What can be inferred from the text
A ．Arturo Toscanini was a great Italian musician from Italy.
B ．Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.
C ．Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.
D ．People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.
11 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．The source of worry.
B ．How to deal with worry.
C ．The definition of worry.
D ．How worry affects people.
(
【答案】
8
．
D 9
．
C 10
．
C
11
．
B
【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过分析人们产出忧虑的原因给出了解决忧虑的方法。
8
．推理判断题。根据第一
Worry is defined as thoughts and images
of
a negativ
e nature
in
which
mental
attempts
are made to avoid the expected potenti
al threats.
（忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人
们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁。）
”
和第二段
“If
we were to keep a record of
all the
things
we
worried
about during a given period of
time, we would discover, in reviewing them, that
the
great majority
of
our
expected problems or troubles never come to pass. This means that most of
the time we devote to worrying,
which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us,
is wasted,
Thus,
we
not
only
caused
ourselves
unnecessary
mental pain, but took up valuable minutes and hours that c
ould’ve been spent elsewhere.
（如果我们把一段时间
内我们所担心的所有事情都记录下来，在回顾它们的时候，我们会发现，我们所预期的问题或麻烦绝大多 数都不会发生。这意味着我们花在担忧上的大部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰 我们的问题的方法。因此，我们不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝
贵的分钟和小时。）
”
可知，前两段可以得知，担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选
D
。
9
．推理判断题。根据第三段
“To avoid this, it is often necessary to stay
calm
and trace
the
sources
of
worry.
More
importantly, we should analyze the situation and
see whether it
is the
ve
ry problem
that
is bothering
us.
Blindly
feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidic
olous,
for the problems
do
not
exist.
Once, shortly before a major concert, a member of
Arturo Toscanini’s
orchestra
approached
the
great
Italian
conductor with an expression of
fear on his face.
‘Maestro
(
大师
),
’the musician
said,
‘my
instrument
is not
working properly. I cannot reach the note of
E-flat. Whatever will I do We are
to begin
in
a
few
moments.
’
Toscanini looked at the man with amazeme
nt. Then he smiled kindly
and placed
an
arm
around
his
shoulders.
‘My
)
(
friend,
’
he replied,
‘Do not worry about it. The note E-fl
at does not appear
anywhere
in
the
music
that
you
will be
playing this evening.
’
（为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻找担忧
的根源。更重要的是，我们应
该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并
不存在。有一次，
在一场大型音乐会上，
阿图罗
·
托斯卡尼尼
(Arturo Toscan
ini)
乐队的一名成员脸上带着恐惧
的表情走近这位伟大的意大利指挥家。
“
大师，
”
音乐家说，
“
我的乐器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降
e
音。
我该怎么办呢

我们马上就要开始了。
”
托斯卡尼尼惊讶地看着这个人。然后他和蔼地笑了笑， 把一只胳膊搭
在他的肩膀上。他回答说
:“
我的朋友，
不要为这事担心。降
e
音在你今晚演奏的乐曲中是没有出现
的。
”
）

可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明
，被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选
C
。
10
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“The
next time we find ourselves in the middle of
worrying
about
some
matters,
we
might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is
and
whether
it will
happen.
Then
we
may be
able
to
go
on to do something more meaningful or at
least
avoid being
disturbed by
something
imaginary.
（下次当我们发
现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们
就可以
继续做一些更有意义的事情，
或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）
”
可知， 浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花
在有意义的事情上。故选
C
。
11
．主旨大意题。根据最后一段
“The
next time we find ourselves in the middle of
worrying
about
some
matters,
we
might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is
and
whether
it will
happen.
Then
we
may be
able
to
go
on to do something more meaningful or at
least
avoid being
disturbed by
something
imaginary.
（下次当我们发
现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们
就可以
继续做一些更有意义的事情，
或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）
”
可知， 本文主要讲述了如何处理忧
虑。故选
B
。
)
3.【河北省“五个一”名校联盟 2023 年 1 月试题】
Hannah Huxford encountered the fry-stealing gull in Bridlington, a coastal town on the Yorkshire coast.
Huxford snapped the well-timed photo on her iPhone in 2011; it went viral soon after. A decade later, the
fry-stealing gull is appearing on billboards, as part of an advertising campaign for Google.
Researchers recently discovered that food may actually become more attractive to gulls when the birds
observe humans handling it first, according to a 2020 study published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.
Because the birds seem to be attracted to food items that they’ve watched humans touch, another of the study’s
authors, says that it’s even more important to properly throw food waste and snack wrappers in the trash. “Our
findings suggest that gulls are more likely to approach food that they have seen people drop or put down, so they
may associate areas where people are eating with an easy meal, ‘‘ Dr. Laura Kelley said.
The scientists approached 74 herring gulls in coastal towns in Cornwall, tempting them with weighted bags of
fried potatoes. Only 19 gulls were curious or hungry enough to linger (逗留), allowing the scientists to place the
bag on the ground and retreat a short distance away, waiting in a crouched (蹲下) position to see if a gull would
approach.
Their experiments demonstrated that gulls were more cautious about approaching a tempting treat if there was a person nearby who was watching them closely. However, the scientists also found that far fewer of the birds than
expected showed interest in investigating the food at all when being stared at.
In fact, people may be able to protect their lunches from gulls by avoiding areas where the birds tend to gather and keeping a closer eye on their meals, she added. “Gulls have a bad reputation but, like all animals, they are just trying to survive,“ Goumas said. “We can try to alleviate the conflict we have with them by making changes in our
own behavior. ”
8 ．Why does the author mention “the fry-stealing gull photo“ in Paragraph 1
A ．To open up the topic. B ．To kid about the gull.
C ．To tell us an episode. D ．To introduce the background.
9 ．What did gulls prefer according to the study
A ．Photos taken by people. B ．Areas full of food waste.
C ．Food that visitors are eating. D ．Snack wrappers in the trash.
10 ．What can we know about gulls from the scientists’ experiments
A ．They don’t like the food left over by humans.
B ．They approach the treat when they are hungry.
C ．They are interested in eating food with humans.
D ．They probably won’t eat the treat when being watched.
11 ．What’s Goumas’s attitude to the action of the fry-stealing gull
A ．Conservative. B ．Sympathetic.
C ．Skeptical. D ．Indifferent.
(
【答案】
8
．
A 9
．
C 10
．
D
11
．
B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海鸥偷吃人类食物的行为引起人们的重视，但和所有动物一样，它
)
(
们只是在努力生存，我们可以通过改变自己的行为来缓解
与他们的冲突。
8
．推理判断题。根据第一段中
“Hannah Huxford encountered the fry-stealing gull
in Bridlington,
a
coastal town
on
the Yorkshire coast. Huxford snapped the well-timed photo on her iPhone
in
2011;
it went
viral
soon
after.”
（汉
娜
·
赫克斯福德在约克郡海岸的海滨小镇布莱德灵顿遇到了这只偷吃
薯条的海鸥。赫克斯福德在
2011
年用她
的
iPhone
拍下了这张照片
;
这张照片很快就在网上疯传。）以及第二段
“Researchers recently discovere
d that food
may actually become more attractive to gulls when the birds observe humans h
andling it
first,
according
to
a
2020
study published in the
journal Royal
Society Open
S
cience.”
（根据
2020
年发表在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上
的一项研究，研究人员最近发现，当鸟类看到人类先吃食物时，食物对海鸥来说可能会变得
更有吸引力。）
故可推知，作者在第一段提到
“
偷薯条的海鸥照片
”
是为了打开话题。故选
A
项。
9
．细节理解题。根据第二段
“Researchers recently discovered that food may a
ctually become more
attractive to
gulls
when the birds observe humans handling it first, according to a 2020
study published
in
the
journal
Royal
Society
Open
Science.”
（根据
2020
年发表在《皇家学会开放科学》杂志上的一项研究， 研究人员最近发现，
当鸟类
看到人类先吃食物时，食物对海鸥来说可能会变得更有吸引力。）可知，根据这项
研究，海鸥更喜欢游客
正在吃的食物。故选
C
项。
10
．推理判断题。根据第五段
“Their experiments demonstrated that gulls were more cautious
about
approaching
a
tempting treat if
there was a person nearby who was watching them closely. However, the scientists
also
found
th
at
far fewer of
the birds than expected showed interest in
investigating
the
food
at
all
when
being
stared
at.”
（他们的
实验表明，如果附近有人密切注视着海鸥，它们会更加谨慎地接近诱人的
食物。然而，科学家们也发现，
当被盯着看时，对食物表现出兴趣的鸟类比预期的要少
得多。）故可推知，从科学家的实验中我们能了解
到海鸥可能不会在被监视的时候吃零食。故选
D
项。
11
．推理判断题。根据最后一段中
“Goumas said. “We ca
n try to alleviate
the
conflict
we
have
with
them by
making
changes in our own behavior. ””
（
Goumas
说
：
“
海鸥名声不好，
但和所有动物一样，它们只是在努力生存。
”“
我
们可以通过改变自己的行为来缓解与他们的冲突。
”
）故可推知，
Goumas
对
海鸥偷薯条的行为表示同情。
故选
B
项。
)
4.【河北省廊坊一中 2022-2023 学年试题】
The global population reached 8 billion on 15 November 2022, and India was estimated to surpass(超过)China
as the world’s most populous country in 2023, according to World Population Prospects 2022, released on World
Population Day.
“This year’s World Population Day falls during a milestone year, when we anticipate the birth of the Earth’s
eight billionth inhabitant. This is an occasion to celebrate our diversity, recognize our common humanity, and
marvel at advancements in health that have extended lifespans and dramatically reduced maternal and child
mortality rates(死亡率),” said UN Secretary – General António Guterres. “At the same time, it is a reminder of our shared responsibility to care for our planet and a moment to reflect on where we still fall short of our commitments
to one another,” he added.
The global population is growing at its slowest rale since 1950. The latest projections by the United Nations suggest that the world’s population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050. It is projected
to reach a peak of around 10.4 billion people during the 2080s and to remain at that level until 2100.
“The relationship between population growth and sustainable development is complex” said Liu Zhenmin, an
official of the UN. “Rapid population growth makes defeating hunger and increasing the coverage of health and
education systems more difficult. Conversely, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those
related to health and education, will contribute to reducing fertility(能生育性)levels and slowing global population
growth.”
Countries with ageing populations should take steps to adapt public programmes to the growing numbers of
older persons, including by establishing universal health care and long-term care systems.
“Further actions by governments aimed at reducing fertility would have little impact on the pace of population
growth between now and mid-century, because of the youthful age structure of today’s global population.
Nevertheless, the cumulative(累计的)effect of lower fertility, if maintained over several decades, could slower
global population growth greatly in the second half of the century,” added John Wilmoth, an official of the UN.
12 ．Which of the following statements would António Guterres agree with
A ．We human beings should reflect on our diversity.
B ．The global population growth goal has been achieved since 2022.
C ．Governments shall try to keep their promises to population growth.
D ．It is sure that the world’s population can grow to 9.7 billion in 2050.
13 ．What’s Liu Zhenmin’s attitude towards population growth
A ．Objective. B ．Satisfied. C ．Doubtful. D ．Puzzled.
14 ．What does the underlined word “Conversely” in the fourth paragraph mean
A ．As a result. B ．First of all. C ．On the contrary. D ．Most importantly.
15 ．How does John think of further actions by governments in the short run
A ．There are many different debates on them.
B ．They contribute to population’s structure.
C ．They ignore world economy’s development.
D ．There is little influence on population growth.
(
【答案】
12
．
C
13
．
A
14
．
C
15
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界人口的增长给人类社会带来的变化和影响。
12
．细节理解题。根据第二段中
“At the same time, it is a reminder
of
our
shared
responsibility
t
o
care
for
our planet
and a moment to reflect on where we still
fall
short of
our
commitments
to
one
another,”
he
added.”
（他补充说：
“
与此同时，
这也提醒我们，
我们有共同的责任来照顾我们的星球，
并反思我们在哪些方面还没有达到我们
对彼此的承诺。
”
）可知，
António
古特雷斯同意各国政府应努力信守人口增长的承诺这种说法。故选
C
项。
13
．推理判断题。根据第四段
“The relationship bet
ween population growth and sustainable development
is
complex”
said Liu Zhenmin, an official of
the UN. “
Rapid population growth makes
defeating hunger
and
increasing the
coverage of
health and education systems more difficult. Conversely,
achieving
the
Sustain
able
Development
Goals, especially those related to health and education, will contribu
te to reducing
fertility
levels
and
slowing
global population growth.””
（联合国官员刘振民表示：
“
人口增
长与可持续发展之间的关系是复杂的。
”“
人口
的快速增长使战胜饥饿和扩大卫生和教育系统的覆盖面变得更加困难。相反
，实现可持续发展目标，特别
是与卫生和教育有关的目标，
将有助于降低生育率，
减缓全球人口增长。
”
）
故可推知，
刘振民对人口增长
持客观评价的态度。故选
A
项。
14
．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文
“Rapid population growth makes defeating hunger and increasing t
he
coverage
of
health and education systems more d
ifficult.”
（人口的快速增长使战胜饥饿和扩大卫生和教育系统的覆盖面
变得更加困难。） 说明困难。以及下文
“achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals, especially those relate
d to
health and education, will contribute to reducing fe
rtility levels
and
slowing
global population
growth.”
（实现可持
续发展目标，特别是与卫生和教育有关的目标，将有助于降低生育率，减缓全球人口增长。）说明好处。
故可猜测划线单词
Conversely
为
“
相反
”
的意思。结
合选项
C
项
On the contrary.“
相反的是
”
意思一致。故选
C
项。
15
．细节理解题。根据最后一段中
“Further actions by gov
ernments aimed at reducing fertility would have little
impact
on
the
pace
of
population
growth
between
now
and
mid
-
century
,
because
of
the
youthful
age
structure
of
)
today’s global population.” （由于当今全球人口的年轻年龄结构， 政府旨在降低生育率的进一步行动对从现在 到本世纪中叶的人口增长速度几乎没有影响。）可知，约翰认为政府在短期内采取的进一步行动对人口增 长影响不大。故选 D 项。
5.【湖北省高中名校联合体 2023 年诊断试题】
Passage 1
Ever wondered why your hotel pool seems overly small compared to its website picture A new graph reveals just how far companies will go to make their products seem more appealing, from replacing actual ice cream with mashed potato for a more solid appearance, to using motor oil for honey. One of the most common examples is that
of advertised images of hamburgers, which show items between the bun to be larger and brighter than they really
are, leading consumers to think the food is fresher than it really is.
Frozen food packages are repeat offenders which show the meals perfectly plated with fresh ingredients.
Where an image includes ingredients not included in the purchase, a “serving suggestion” disclaimer is a legal
requirement. However, if a customer fails to notice the tiny caption, they often incorrectly assume that all illustrated
items are included.
Deception in advertising is not just limited to food products. Hotels and resorts often alter images or use
deceptive angles to manipulate the building’s real surroundings. For example, one hotel advertisement used a
cleverly positioned low angle to feature what appears to be an endless pool. In truth, the pool is simply round in
shape.
Children are also often cheated by commercials. When they finally receive that toy or outdoor paddling pool,
they find that the product is far smaller than advertised. With nearly half of American consumers believing
advertising to be “fairly honest”, it seems they will continue to be tricked into buying disappointing products.
4 ．The writer writes the first paragraph in order to .
A ．inform an issue B ．introduce the topic
C ．catch readers’ attention D ．deliver some phenomena
5 ．According to the text, which of the following issues might consumers have with food products
A ．The food is not healthy enough.
B ．It is difficult to know how to serve a frozen meal.
C ．Some items shown on the box disappear.
D ．The burger bun is smaller than they were expecting.
6 ．According to the article, almost 50% of American buyers .
A ．do not trust advertising companies
B ．believe that advertising is not honest enough
C ．think that the products are disappointing
D ．will continue being deceived by false advertising
7 ．The overall purpose of the text is to .
A ．persuade people to boycott advertising
B ．praise advertising companies for their creativity
C ．raise public awareness regarding unreliable advertising
D ．promote the use of advertisements and marketing material
(
【答案】
4
．
B 5
．
C
6
．
D
7
．
C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是广告宣传中的欺骗现象。
4
．推理判断题。根据文章第一段
“Ever wondered why your hotel pool seems
overly small compared to
its website
picture A new graph reveals
just how far companies will go to make their products seem
more
appealing,
from
replacing actual ice cream with mashed potato for a more
solid appearance,
to using
motor
oil
for honey.
One
of
the
most common examples is that of
advertised images of
hamburgers, which
show items between
the bun
to be
larger and brighter than they really are, leading consumers to think the food is
fresher t
han
it really
is.(
你有没有想过，为
什么你住的酒店的游泳池比网站上的图片看起来太小了

一份新图表揭示了企业为了让产品看起来
更有吸引
力会做多少努力，从用土豆泥代替真正的冰淇淋来获得更坚实的外观，到用机油来代替蜂蜜。最常
见的例
子之一就是汉堡的广告图片，在广告中，面包夹着的东西比实际更大、更亮，导致消费者认为这些
食物比
实际更新鲜。
)”
可知第一段举例说明在图片广告中存在着与事实不相符的现象， 所以作者写第一段的目的是
为了引入话题。故选
B
项。
5
．细节理解题。根据文章第二段
“Frozen food packages are
repeat offenders which show the
meals perfectly
plated
with fresh ingredients. Where an image includes ingredients not included
in
the purchase,
a
“serving
suggestion”
disclaimer is a legal requirement. However, if
a customer fails to notice
the
tiny
caption
,
they
often
incorrectly
assume that all illustrated items are included.(
冷冻食品包装是惯犯，包装上的食物都是用
新鲜的食材完美包装
的。如果图片中包含的食材不包含在购买商品中，
“
食用建议
”
免责声明是法律要求。然而，
如果
客户没有注
意到这个小标题， 他们通常会错误地认为所有的插图项目都包括在内。
)”
可知图片中宣传的食材有的可能会
)
(
不包括在购买商品中，
所以顾客会发现包装盒图片上有的东西在实际购买的商品中可能会没有。故选
C
项。
6
．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
“With nearly half
of
American consumers believing advertising to be “fairly
honest”, it seems they will continue to be tricked
into buying disappointing products.(
由于近一半的美国消费者相
信广告是
“
相当诚实的
”
，看来他们将继续被骗去购买令人失望的产品。
)”
可知近一半的美国人依旧相信广告
的真实性，所以可以推知
50%
的购买者将继续被虚假广告
所欺骗。故选
D
项。
7
．推理判断题。文章第一段提出广告图片中存在欺骗的现象，
二、三段举例进行说明，
第四
段
“Children are
also often cheated by commercials.(
孩子们也经常被广告欺骗。
)”
进一步告诉我
们孩子们也经常被虚假的广告
图片所欺骗，广告中的欺骗无处不在，既然如此我们就应该提高警惕，所以作者的写
作目的就是为了提高
公众对于不可靠广告的认识。故选
C
项。
)
Passage 2
While some may complain about the possible death of the English language because of texting abbreviations like LOL, teenagers all over the world have actually kept endangered languages intact through SMS (short message
service) messages.
Text messages written in regional, endangered languages by teens in Mexico and the Philippines are examples
of languages reborn. Research into language renewal was carried out by Samuel Herrera, head of the linguistics
laboratory at the Institute of Anthropological Research in Mexico City.
“Almost as soon as text messaging exploded on the world stage as a means to reach anyone, anywhere and anytime, young people began to find a way to make it more exclusive and develop their own code to use on the
popular devices,” he wrote.
Professor Adam Michaelson, the director of the Institute for Endangered Languages of Corban University in Salem, Oregon, says that somewhere between the ages of six and twenty-five, people make a definitive decision as to whether or not they will stay or break with a language. The fact that they have taken the old and changed it into the new is something that not only makes sense, but also drives the continuation of culture. In fact, according to Dr Gregory Anderson, who is a researcher in the same department, young people need to be the ones reviving a dying
language. This is, of course, the language that they will nurture and use as their own. For this reason, he has high
hopes for the future.“If the language isn’t being used by their peer group, then they reject it outright,” Anderson
concluded.
So, while some text messages may seem like a foreign language — like “nom nom” — some may actually be
in languages considered nearly gone. Who knows, maybe Latin will become popular Only time will tell.
8 ．As soon as text messaging became popular, young people .
A ．stopped using SMS B ．developed their own way of using it
C ．changed it into something new D ．refused to abandon their own languages
9 ．Dr Anderson believes that young people refuse to .
A ．use an old language by changing it
B ．use a language that is not used by their friends
C ．send text messages in dying languages
D ．help researchers preserve endangered languages
10 ．Latin is a language .
A ．forbidden in text messages
B ．suited to communicating by SMS
C ．that might grow to be fashionable
D ．used at the Institute for Endangered Languages
11 ．Which of the following might be a suitable title of the text
A ．Will SMS make language disappear or revive
B ．The future of language is decided by texting and teenagers.
C ．Teens texting bring back languages from the edge of extinction.
D ．Teenagers take responsibility for the protection of endangered languages.
(
【答案】
8
．
B 9
．
B 10
．
C
11
．
C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了青少年通过短信缩写形式将语言从灭绝的边缘带了回来。
8
．推理判断题。根据第三段内容
““Almost as soon as text messaging exploded on the
world
stage
as
a
means
to
reach anyone, anywhere and anytime, young people began to fin
d
a way to
make
it more
exclusive
and
develop
their own code to use on the popular devices,” he wrote
.(
他写道
:“
几乎就在短信作为一种随时随地联系任何人的
方式在世界舞台上爆发的那一刻，年轻人就开始想办法让它变得更独特，并开发
出自己的代码，在流行的
设备上使用。
”)”
可知，当短信开始流行时，年轻人形成了他们自己的使用方式，故选
B
。
9
．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的
“ “If
the language isn’t being used by their peer group, t
hen they reject it
outright,” Anderson concluded.(
安德森总结说
:“
如果他们的同龄人没有使用这种语
言，他们就会直接拒
绝。
”)”
可知，安德森认为年轻人拒绝使用他们的
朋友不使用的语言。故选
B
。
10
．推理判断题。根据最后一
So, while some text messages may seem like
a
foreign
language — like
“nom
n
om”
)
(
— some may actually be in languages considered nearly gone. Who knows,
maybe
Latin
will become p
opular
Only time will tell.(
因此，虽然有些短信看起来像是一门外语，比如
“
nom nom”
，但有些短信实际上可能是
被认为即将消失的语言。谁知道呢，也许拉丁语会流行起来呢

只有时间会告诉我们答案。
)”
可推断，拉丁
语不流行，但是可能会流行起来，成为时髦的。故选
C
。
11
．主旨大意题。根据第一段的
“While some may complain about
the possible death of
the English
language
because of
texting abbreviations like LOL, teenagers all over the world have
actually kept
endangered
langua
ges
intact through
SMS (short message service) me
ssages.(
虽然有些人可能会抱怨因为像
LOL
这样的短信缩写英语
语言的可能死亡，
世界各地的青少年实际上在通过
SMS(
短信服务
)
以完整的方式保存濒
危的语言。
)”
以及下
文内容可知，
文章主要讲述了青少年可能是通过使用短信缩写模式保存了濒危语言，
因此推断
C
项
“
青少年
发短信将语言从灭绝的边缘带了回来。
”
为最佳标题。故选
C
。
)
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学 2022-2023 学年高三试题 】
“You can come in here at eight o’clock at night to pick up mail,says Trevor Braun, boasting about the post
office inside Elmore Store in rural Vermont. A recent Monday saw a steady stream of locals pop in to pick up their post, send packages and buy groceries. The shop and its post office have been at the centre of the small community,
since they opened in the early 1800s. But that may soon change.
After the shop’s longtime owner retired, the United States Postal Service(USPS) did not automatically renew the contract with the new owner. Although it does nearly everything a post office does the USPS can shut it with
little notice.
Without the post office many of the 900 residents would be virtually cut off from the world. Much of the area has no mobile-phone coverage. The post office is where many get their news. Locals got the state’s officials to fight
to keep their post office. Contract negotiations are now under way.
It is not just Elmore’s post office that is in jeopardy. The USPS has been in financial trouble for years. Shifts in the way people communicate and pay bills have meant fewer letters in the post. Banking is done electronically and people use social media to send cards, notes and photos. Newspapers increasingly arrive on mobile devices.
True, package volume is up because of e-commerce. But the losses are on the opposite.
On February 8th the USPS announced a $ 1.3bn loss in its most recent quarterly results, compared with a $ 288m loss for the same period in 2021. And unlike other federal agencies the USPS does not receive direct
federal funding. It must rely on stamp sales and shipping income.
The USPS cannot afford to wait long for help. Nor can its customers, who include most small businesses and the Social Security Administration, which mails 350m notices a year. About 7m Medicare recipients get at least one medicine through the post. Over 43% of voters cast their votes by mail in 2021. Johnathan Hladik of the Centre for Rural Affairs puts it this way：“If you don’t have the basic equipment like the ability to get dependable mail, small
towns like Elmore simply don’t stand a chance.”
28 ．According to Paragraph 1, what do we know about the post office inside Elmore Store
A ．It allows people to get mail at all times of the day.
B ．It wins the praise of Trevor Braun due to its services.
C ．It is located at the middle of rural Vermont.
D ．It will be changed greatly soon by renovation.
29 ．What does the phrase “in jeopardy”(Line 1, Para. 4) probably mean
A ．In danger. B ．In order. C ．In place. D ．In vain.
30 ．Why is the USPS different from other federal agencies
A ．Because it has suffered the greatest loss in recent quarterly results.
B ．Because its financial loss is in excess of $ 288m in 2022.
C ．Because it does not have any access to federal funding.
D ．Because it makes a profit in limited ways.
31 ．Which of the following could be inferred from the last paragraph
A ．The USPS is relied heavily on by its customers.
B ．Many Medicare recipients cannot get any medicines without USPS.
C ．More than 43% of the population will vote by mail in 2022.
D ．Elmore will keep the post office due to its basic facilities.
(
【答案】
28
．
B 29
．
A 3
0
．
D
31
．
A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了埃尔莫尔商店内的邮局的现状。
28
．细节理解题。根据第一段
“You c
an come in here at eight o’clock
at night to pick up
mail,
(
你可以在晚上八
点来到这里取邮件，
)”
和
“boasting about th
e post office (
对邮局大加赞赏
)”
可知，埃尔莫尔商店内的邮局赢得
了特雷弗
·
布劳恩的赞誉。
B
答案中的
“wins the praise”
与原文意思
匹配。故选
B
。
29
．词义猜测题。根据第四段中
“The USPS has been in financial trouble for years. (
美国邮
政局多年来一直陷入
)
(
财务困境。
)”
可知， 美国邮政局多年来一直陷入财务困境。
in financial trouble
与
A
答案中的
“in
danger”
表意
一致。故选
A
。
30
．细节理解题。根据第五段
“And unlike other federal age
ncies the USPS does not receive direct
federal
funding. It must rely on stamp sales and
ship
ping
income.
(
与其他联邦机构不同？美国邮政服务局不接受联邦
直接资助。它必须依靠邮票销售和运输收入。
)”
可知， 与其他联邦机构不同，
美国邮政服务局不能直接获取
联邦资金， 它必须依赖邮票销售和航运收入
。所以美国邮政服务局的利润有限。
C
项
“Because it does not have
any access to federal funding.”
说法太绝对，
“does not have any
access to
federal
funding”
与
文中
“does
not
receive
direct federal fundin
g”
说法不相符。故选
D
。
31
．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
“The USPS cannot aff
ord to wait long for help. Nor can its
customers, who
include most small businesses and the
Social
Security Administration, whi
ch mails 350m notices a year. About
7m
Medicare recipients get at least one medicine through the post. Over 43%
of
voters
cast their votes by mai
l
in
2021.
(
美国邮政局不能等待太久来获得帮助。它的客户也不能，包括大多数小企业和社会保障局，该局每
年发送
3.5
亿份通知。大约
700
万医疗保险受助人通过该职位
获得至少一种药物。
)”
可知，该段强调美国邮政服务
局对于其客户的重要性。并引用人物话语
“If
you don’t have the basic equipment like the ability to get
depen
dable
mail, small towns like Elmore simply don’t
stand
a
chance.
(
如果你没有获得可靠邮件的能力这样的基本
设备，
像埃尔莫尔这样的小镇根本就没有机会。
)”
以说明埃尔莫尔请求保留邮局的原因。故选
A
。
)
7.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学 2022-2023 学年高三试题】
Passage 1
What’s your favorite insect It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior
almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity
in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing
sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez
explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants
help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony
B, or would it only help ants from its own colony ”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing
occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal
was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up
these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research,
Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to
potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24 ．What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about
A ．Different ant colonies.
B ．Ants that help each other.
C ．Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D ．Sound communication between ants.
25 ．What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected
A ．How they worked with other ants.
B ．What other ants they would help.
C ．When they would help other ants.
D ．How often they received sound signals.
26 ．Why did Velazquez color-code the ants
A ．To bury the workers in the dirt.
B ．To see how far ants would travel.
C ．To record interaction between colonies.
D ．To identify ants from different colonies.
27 ．What does Velazquez say about a research project
A ．It contributes much to your studies.
B ．It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C ．You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D ．You will have to spend a lot of time on it.
(
【答案】
24
．
C 25
．
B 26
．
D
27
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是昆虫爱好者
Velazquez
热衷于蚂蚁研
究，
并且完成了一部纪录片的拍
摄，并开始探索一群被称为
“
陷阱颚蚁
”
发出的神秘的嗡嗡声，并指出参加
“the Honors College First Year
Project”
这一项目能识别你自己在研
究领域的潜能。
24
．细节理解题。根据第二段中的
“Velazquez has already completed one do
cumentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which
documents research on inactivity in ants.(Velazquez
已经完成了一部纪录片
“
懒蚂蚁
”
，记录了对蚂蚁不活动的
研究。
)”
可知，这部纪录片讲述的是对这群蚂蚁的不活跃的行为进行的研究。
故选
C
项。
25
．推理判断题。根据第四段中的
““It’s very rare in the animal kingd
om for organisms to help other
organisms,
especially in insects,” Velazquez explained.(“
在动物王国中，生物体帮助其他生物是非常
罕见的，尤其是在昆
虫中，
”Velazquez
解释说。
)”
可知，生物体帮助其它生物体是很难见的事情，
所以
Velazquez
要一探究竟，
根据下文中的一系列问题
“Would these ants help other workers trapped in th
e dirt using sound
signals
Would
an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from
Colony B,
or would
it
only
help
ants
from
its
own
colony (
这些蚂蚁会用声
音信号帮助其他被困在泥土中的工蚁吗？来
自蚁群
A
的蚂蚁会拯救来自蚁群
B
的一只蚂蚁，还是只会帮助
来自自己蚁群的蚂蚁？
”)”
可知，
Velazquez
想要用它收集来的这些蚂蚁研究这些蚂蚁会帮助其他什么蚂
蚁。
故选
B
项。
26
．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的
“The goal was to see how far down
the noise would travel,
and
if
the
ants
would understand the sound from different colonies.(
目标是看看噪音会传播多远，以及蚂蚁是否能理解
来自不
同蚁群的声音。
)”
可知，
Velazquez
为了判断声音传多
远，需要给蚂蚁涂上颜色区别来自不同蚁群的蚂蚁，
这样才能判断声音传送的距离。故选
D
项。
27
．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的
““It’s an awesome way to see if
you even
like the
field
of
research,
" he
said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about y
ourself.
”(“
这是一个很棒的方
法，看看你是否喜欢这个研究领域，
”
他说。
“
绝对值得你花时间去发现一些关
于自己的新东西。
”)”
可知，
这项研究项目
“the Honors College First Year Project”
可以识别你是否喜欢研究这一领
域，值得花时间去挖掘
自己的潜能。故选
B
项。
)
Passage 2
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether
those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you
need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety
or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major
depressive disorder, while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a
reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the
time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their
responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in
changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their
emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome,
and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful
behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
32 ．According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making
A ．Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B ．Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C ．Wondering who will make a decision.
D ．Wondering how to help make a decision.
33 ．What was the purpose of the unstable block
A ．To create a fast-changing situation.
B ．To train participants to respond to changes.
C ．To make the video game more challenging.
D ．To help those with anxiety make decisions.
34 ．Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes
A ．To improve decision-making.
B ．To remember the achievements.
C ．To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D ．To avoid making difficult decisions.
35 ．What advice can be given according to the study
A ．Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B ．Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C ．Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D ．Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.
(
【答案】
32
．
B 33
．
A
34
．
A
35
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定。
一项新的研
究发现，
只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。
32
．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到
“Those with generalized anxiety dis
order or mood disorders often
report
feeling
uncomfortable
with
or
being
troubled
by
feelings
of
uncertainty
-
which
doesn
’
t
help
when
you
need
to
make
a
decision, big or small. (
患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，
他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困
扰，
而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助。
)”
可知根据文章，
影响决策的一项是不确定
会发生什么，故选
B
。
33
．推理判断题。文章第五段讲到
“and the other u
nstable, in which the shape with a higher probability
of
resulting
in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting
t
heir
responses as the probabilities change. (
另一个是不稳定的，在另
一个阶段中，每
20
次试验中，获得奖励的概
率较高的形状就会发生变化。因此，在不稳定的区块中，参与者必须随着概率
的变化不断调整自己的反
应。
)”
可知不稳定区块的目的是创造快速变化的局面，故选
A
。
34
．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到
“Sonia Bishop suggests th
at encouraging people to focus on past
successes
rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisi
ons
a bit
less
tricky.
)
(
(Sonia Bishop
建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的
行为干预，让那些艰难
的决定变得不那么棘手
)”
可知
Sonia Bishop
建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策。故选
A
。
35
．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到
“Now in a new study, researc
hers find that people with higher levels
of
anxiety
and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing
situations.
But
with
the
right
intervention(
干预
)there
may be
ways to help those with anxiety or depressi
on make better decisions in the moment.
(
现在，在一项新的研究中，
研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。
但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助
那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定。
)”
可知这项研究可以给出
的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁，
故选
D
。
)
8.【江苏省扬州中学 2023 学年试题】
17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the
nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH
is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest
ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,”
says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet
provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes
infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The
goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because
developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So,
my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After
graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
4 ．How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected
A ．By observing the pH test paper.
B ．Through the doctors’ examination.
C ．By looking at sutures’ color changing.
D ．By observing how the wound changes.
5 ．What did Dasia discover in her experiment
A ．Beet has the same pH level. B ．Beet can change color at different times.
C ．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. D ．Beet can be used to help her with the invention.
6 ．What can we learn about Dasia
A ．She has won the invention patent.
B ．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.
C ．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.
D ．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.
7 ．What will Dasia’s future career probably involve
A ．Medical and health work. B ．Medical device development.
C ．Something about the legal aid. D ．Medical and science research.
【答案】4 ．C 5 ．D 6 ．C 7 ．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了 17 岁的高中生泰勒 Dasia 发现通过观察缝线颜色的变化，很快就 可以知道病人伤口是否感染，为外科感染识别做出了贡献。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection.” （如果患者的 pH 值发生变化，达西娅的缝合线就会改变颜色，表明感染）可知通过 观察缝线颜色的变化病人很快就知道伤口是否感染了。故选 C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. ”(甜菜为她的发明提供了完美的染料， 当手术伤口感染时， 甜 菜会从亮红色变成深紫色)可知达西娅在实验中发现甜菜可以帮助她完成这项发明。故选 D。 6 ．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections.” （我这个项目的目标是减少发展中国家致命手术部位感染的数量， 因为发展中国家因 手术部位感染而死亡的人数最多）以及“They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” （他 们应该有资源来拯救自己国家的公民。所以，我的目标是研究它，确保它可以发现这些类型的感染和东西）
可知达西娅为外科感染识别做出了贡献。故选 C 。
(
7
．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段
“After graduation, Dasia hopes to atte
nd Howard University, study political
science and finally become a lawyer.”
（毕业后，
Dasia
希望进入霍华德大学学习政治学，最终成为一名律师）
可知达西娅未来的职业生涯可能会涉及法律援助。故选
C
。
)
9.【辽宁省抚顺市一中 2022-2023 学年 1 月试卷】
Soot (煤) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising
questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.
“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed ” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new
study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because
of global warming.
When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat.
“These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.
“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means
more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research
results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are
disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this it really does make us think twice about how
frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of
visitors each year.
7 ．What is Khan’s attitude towards human actions in Antarctica according to paragraph 2
A ．Angry and abusive. B ．Cold and uninterested.
C ．Doubtful and anxious. D ．Admiring and delighted.
8 ．What is the main cause of soot pollution in Antarctica
A ．The quick melting of ice and snow. B ．The emission from virous transport.
C ．The remaining parts of burning plants. D ．The floating gases from other continents.
9 ．What do we know from Nagorski
A ．The covered ice is less reflective.
B ．The melting speed of ice is slower than before.
C ．The dark blanket serves as a big mirror.
D ．The sunlight gets increasingly stronger recently.
10 ．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A ．What made our planet so polluted B ．Who is to blame for air pollution
C ．Can electric vehicles save tourism D ．Are we welcome to the South Pole
【答案】7 ．C 8 ．B 9 ．A 10 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对南极洲的频繁考察，导致煤烟污染加速了南极洲气温 的上升，加速了冰雪融化，人们对此情况反思，该如何降低对南极洲的考察频率从而减少对南极洲生态环
境的破坏。
7 ．推理判断题。根据第二段““It really makes us question, is our presence really needed ” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”(“这真的让我们质疑， 我们的存在真的需要吗？ ”这项新研究的作者之一 Alia Khan 说。“我们在 南极洲有相当大的黑碳足迹， 这正在促进冰雪融化。 ”)”可知， Alia Khan 的疑问可以看出他对人们去南极洲 考察这一事实表示怀疑，而且他看到了人们到访南极洲产生的碳足迹使南极洲的冰雪融化，这让他感到焦
虑。故选 C 项。
8 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮),
vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.(南极洲的烟尘主 要来自游轮、车辆和飞机的废气， 尽管一些污染是从世界其他地区随风传播的。)”可知， 南极洲煤烟的主要
来源就是人们所使用的交通工具。故选 B 项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.(当雪和冰被揭开时，它们会在阳光变成热量之前反射大量的阳光。 “这些是我们星球上 的镜子， ”阿拉斯加东南大学的科学家索尼娅 · 纳戈尔斯基（Sonia Nagorski）说。)”可以推断， 冰雪被煤烟覆
盖后，其反射阳光的效果就会降低。故选 A 项。
10 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Soot pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study
suggests, raising questions about how to pro

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