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Unit 1 Trees 单元讲义 2023-2024学年牛津上海版（试用本）八年级英语下册
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be interested in
2. be known as
3. be in danger
4. breathe pure, cool air
5. communicate with sb
6. keep sb alive and healthy
7. know a lot about sth
8. protect sb/sth from sth
9. protect by sth/doing sth
10. read through sth
11. release sth into sth
12. taste nasty
13. thank sb for sth/doing sth
14. warn sb/sth (not) to do sth
名词词组：1. average age
2. living things
3. one another
其他词组：as well as
II. Sentence Patterns
What good be sth
I suppose that+从句
Sb be doing sth these days.
Grammer现在进行时
1.表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。
常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（这几天），all the time(一直)等时间状语连用。
What lesson are you studying this week？你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）
2.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。
如：come（来）、go（去）、leave（离开）、arrive（到达）、start（开始）、return（返回）、sleep（睡觉）
Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow？你明天去天津吗？
How many of you are coming to the party next week？ 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．—He is too fat to be a successful basketball player.
—________. Every dog has its day.
A．It’s hard to say B．That’s right C．You’d better not D．I think so
2．—I’ve never been to the Universal Studios in Beijing (北京环球影城). How about you
—________. Let’s go there together!
A．Neither have I B．Me, too C．That sounds fun D．So have I
3．—Doing chores helps us show love to family members.
—________. Every time I do the dishes after dinner, my parents are very happy.
A．I can’t believe it B．Take it easy
C．I completely agree with you D．That depends
4．Which of the following words has a different sound from the underlined letters of the word “thick”
A．truth B．breathe C．throat
5．—Could you help me with my Geography project
—_________
A．No problem. B．You’re welcome. C．My pleasure. D．Don’t mention it.
6．—Mary, could you help me
—Wait a moment, I ________ in the kitchen.
A．read a book B．did my homework
C．was watching TV D．am cooking dinner
7．— Mom, I’m going to eat less junk food for my health.
— ________. I believe you can do it, Mary.
A．Luck you B．See you later
C．Have a good time D．Sounds like a good plan
8．—Would you mind my opening the window
—________. It is so cold outside.
A．Yes, please B．Never mind C．You’d better not D．Of course not
二、短文填空
词语运用
Life today is much 9 (easy) than it was hundreds of years ago. But there is 10 problem—pollution. It comes in many ways. We smell it, drink it and even hear it.
The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, there were not many people, so the pollution was not very serious. When people used up the land (陆地), they 11 (move) to a new place. But we can’t do that now.
What will the future be like Some 12 (science) say that the pollution will be more serious. The city will be more crowded 13 there will be more people and cars. At last, the earth will be a 14 (danger) place for humans. They have to leave the earth and look 15 another planet to live on.
16 (lucky), many countries are 17 (make) rules to fight pollution now.
They ask people to take the subway or bus to work. They stop people from burning coal (烧煤). They also ask people to plant more trees. Thanks to 18 (they), I think our earth will be better.
三、选词填空
从方框内选择合适的动词，并用其适当形式填空。（每词限用一次）
begin teach drink get wait
19．I’m sure your parents angry with you if you do this again.
20．Our class at half past seven in the morning.
21．—You look so nervous. What’s wrong
—I went to a Maths competition yesterday and I for the result.
22．—Is there any juice left in the tin
—No. My brother all of it.
23．—Why does Mr. Chen know about the city so well
— He once English there for almost ten years.
四、补全对话
情景交际
A: I’d like to help cook dinner.
B: Really You’re joking.
A: No. 24
B: I’d like that. All right. Put on this apron (围裙) first.
A: OK... Now how can I help
B: Hmm, let me see... Boil some water and then whisk (搅拌) two eggs.
A: Easy. I can do that with my eyes closed. (after a while) I finish it.
B: Not bad. OK. Now take some meat and potatoes from the fridge.
A: 25
B: Three. And bring four peppers.
A: OK. 26
B: Now wash them, and then dice the potatoes and peppers. At last slice the meat.
A: Where’s the peeler
B: It’s on the table.
A: What Oh! I cut my finger.
B: Let me take a look at that... I can’t stop the bleeding. 27
A: I guess cooking is not as easy as I thought.
A．How many potatoes do you need
B．We need to go to the hospital.
C．Here they are.
D．I’d like to do something special for you on your birthday.
五、完形填空
阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
My name is John. And last summer, I went to an island (岛) 28 our summer vacation with my family. There were 29 many fun and interesting things to do on the island. But my favorite was fishing. Every day. My mom, my dad, my 30 brother Frank and I went to the beach. I 31 a little fishing boat with my dad and Frank. Mum didn’t like fishing, so she stayed on the beach and read a book.
One morning, 32 we were fishing, we heard a loud noise. “What was that ” I asked. “Oh, don’t worry, John. It may be a turtle (乌龟) swimming under the 33 ,” said Dad. Frank and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see 34 . Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal. “Look, Dad, there it is!” 35 Frank. It was a sea turtle and it couldn’t swim well. “Let’s go closer and see what’s 36 .” Dad said.
When we got closer, we saw that there was a piece of plastic (塑料) 37 the turtle’s leg. “Let’s help it!” I said. So Dad jumped into the 38 , swam to the turtle, and brought it to the boat. “There you go, little turtle. Now you can 39 to your family,” Dad said after he cut the plastic off. Then Frank and I put it 40 in the water. “I know! We should do something useful to tell people not to throw rubbish (扔垃圾) into the sea, and put it on the beach.” I said, “I’ll help, too,” said Frank 41 .
“Great idea, boys. These sea animals will die 42 we don’t do something to stop sea pollution.”
28．A．in B．at C．with D．on
29．A．so B．such C．very D．ever
30．A．slower B．younger C．cleaner D．longer
31．A．bought B．built C．took D．caught
32．A．when B．how C．where D．who
33．A．beach B．boat C．animal D．book
34．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
35．A．got B．talked C．tasted D．shouted
36．A．saying B．going C．happening D．selling
37．A．around B．under C．by D．behind
38．A．box B．water C．boat D．lake
39．A．run B．walk C．fly D．swim
40．A．back B．off C．out D．up
41．A．cheaply B．weekly C．happily D．successfully
42．A．if B．before C．though D．until
六、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两项为多余选项。
In China, each year there is about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also get waste from some developed (发达的) countries. We get useful materials from it. 43 Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way
Waste pollutes the Earth, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). 44 We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).
45 We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2020, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And we make laws to deal with waste. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
46 One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into our life.
The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting (分类). Many tech (科技) companies are making waste-sorting robots. The future of the waste-sorting looks good. But it’s not the best way. 47 I also hope more and more people can take action to protect the Earth.
A．China is getting really serious about waste now.
B．China also tries to put waste into good use.
C．What about the useless part
D．We shouldn’t make money at the cost of the future of the Earth.
E．The government has made laws to deal with the waste.
F．A large number of cities have their own sorting systems.
G．The best thing we can do is to make less rubbish in the first place.
Japan started sending nuclear-contaminated water(核污染水) into the ocean on Aug 24h. The world is worried about it.
What happened Two types of water
In 2011, a tsunami(海啸) hit a nuclear power plant(核电站) in Japan. The nuclear reactors(核反应堆)were damaged. They were very hot. Workers used a lot of water to keep them cool. The water then became nuclear-contaminated water. Nuclear-contaminated water: The water has more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials (放射性物质). It’s bad for people’s health and the environment. Nuclear wastewater(核废水): The water doesn’t have radioactive materials. It also cools down reactors, but it doesn’t touch them.
Where will Japan’s nuclear-contaminated water go How does it hurt us
It goes to the middle of the Pacific Ocean in 57 days; It gets to China in about 240 days; It gets to the US and Canada in 3 years: It reaches everywhere in the world in 10 years. By food: Fish and other seafood in the sea may have radioactive materials. By air: The cloud near the sea may have these materials too.
48．Japan’s nuclear-contaminated water gets to China in about ________
A．3 months. B．3 years. C．8 months. D．10 years.
49．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．A tsunami hit a nuclear power plant in Japan in 2021.
B．Nuclear-contaminated water is good for people’s health and the environment.
C．It may not safe to eat fish or other seafood in the sea.
D．Nuclear-contaminated water and nuclear wastewater are the same.
50．In which section of a newspaper could you read this passage
A．Family. B．Advertisement. C．Science. D．Environment.
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】
句意：——他太胖了，不可能成为一名成功的篮球运动员。——很难说。人人皆有得意时。
考查情景交际。It’s hard to say这很难说；That’s right那是对的；You’d better not最好不要；I think so我认为是这样。根据“Every dog has its day.”可知，此处应该是不赞同前文的说法，所以It’s hard to say符合语境。故选A。
2．A
【详解】句意：——我从未去过北京的环球影城。你呢？——我也没去过。我们一起去吧！
考查部分倒装和情景交际。Neither have I我也没有；Me, too我也是；That sounds fun那听起来很有趣；So have I我也一样。根据答语中的“Let’s go there together!”可知，空处表示“我也没去过”。“Neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面说的否定情况也适合于第二人。故选A。
3．C
【详解】句意：——做家务可以帮助我们表达对家人的爱。 ——我完全同意你的看法。每次晚饭后我洗碗，我的父母都很高兴。
考查情景交际。I can’t believe it我无法相信；Take it easy放松，不要紧张；I completely agree with you我完全同意你的看法；That depends视情况而定。根据“Every time I do the dishes after dinner, my parents are very happy.”可知，此处是在对上句的观点表示赞同。故选C。
4．B
【详解】句意：下面哪个单词的发音与单词“thick”下划线的字母发音不同？
考查辅音字母组合发音。thick[θ k]；truth[tru θ]；breathe[bri ]；throat[θr t]。与单词“thick”下划线的字母发音不同的是breathe，故选B。
5．A
【详解】句意：——你能帮我完成地理作业吗？——没问题。
考查情景交际。No problem.没问题；You’re welcome.不客气；My pleasure.别客气；Don’t mention it.不用谢，别客气。根据“Could you help me with my Geography project ”可知，说话人向对方求助，应该说没问题。故选A。
6．D
【详解】句意：——玛丽，你能帮我吗？——等一下，我正在厨房做饭。
考查情景交际和时态。read a book读一本书，一般现在时/一般过去时；did my homework做作业，一般过去时；was watching TV正在看电视，过去进行时；am cooking dinner正在做饭，现在进行时。根据语境可知，询问对方是否可以帮助自己，此处对方回答等一下，可推测此处是对方现在正在厨房做饭，时态应为现在进行时，D选项“正在做饭”符合语境。故选D。
7．D
【详解】句意：——妈妈，为了我的健康，我要少吃垃圾食品。 ——听起来是个好计划。我相信你能做到，玛丽。
考查情景交际。Luck you祝你好运；See you later待会见；Have a good time玩得开心；Sounds like a good plan听起来是个好计划。根据答语“I believe you can do it, Mary.”可知，妈妈对玛丽少吃垃圾食品的计划表示赞同。选项D“听起来是个好计划”，符合语境。故选D。
8．C
【详解】句意：——你介意我打开窗户吗？——你最好不要。外面很冷。
考查情景交际。Yes, please是的，请；Never mind没关系；You’d better not你最好不要；Of course not当然不。根据“It is so cold outside.”可知，外面很冷，所以是介意打开窗户，You’d better not符合题意。故选C。
9．easier 10．a 11．moved 12．scientists 13．because 14．dangerous 15．for 16．Luckily 17．making 18．them
【导语】本文介绍了地球所存在的污染、人们未来生活将会是什么样子以及目前许多国家防治污染的办法。
9．句意：今天的生活比几百年前容易得多。根据“is much”和“than”可知，此处填形容词比较级；easy“容易的”，形容词比较级形式为easier。故填easier。
10．句意：但存在一个污染问题。problem“问题”，可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，所以填不定冠词；problem以辅音音素开头，所以空格处应填a。故填a。
11．句意：当人们用完陆地时，他们搬到一个新地方。move“搬家”，动词；根据前文“used up”可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填moved。
12．句意：一些科学家说污染将更加严重。根据“say”可知，此处表示人；science“科学”，scientist“科学家”，可数名词；因前文有“Some”，故填其复数scientists。故填scientists。
13．句意：城市将会更加拥挤，因为将会有更多的人和车。根据“The city will be more crowded...there will be more people and cars.”可知，前后应为因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
14．句意：最后地球对于人类将会是一个危险的地方。danger“危险”，名词；根据“a...place”可知，此处应填形容词修饰place；danger的形容词是dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。
15．句意：他们不得不离开地球并寻找另一个可以居住的星球。根据“They have to leave the earth and look...another planet to live on”可知离开地球就是要找另一个可居住的地方，look for“寻找”，符合语境。故填for。
16．句意：幸运的是许多国家正在制定规则对抗污染。lucky“幸运的”，形容词；空格处应填副词来修饰后面的句子；lucky的副词是luckily“幸运地”，在句首首字母大写。故填Luckily。
17．句意：幸运的是许多国家正在制定规则对抗污染。make“制定”，动词；根据“now”可知，此处为现在进行时，动词用现在分词；make的现在分词为making。故填making。
18．句意：多亏了他们，我认为我们的地球会更好。根据“Thanks to”可知，“to”是介词，后面应填人称代词的宾格形式；they“他们”，人称代词主格，其宾格形式是them。故填them。
19．will get 20．begins 21．am waiting 22．has drunk 23．taught
【解析】19．句意：如果你再这么做，你父母肯定会生气的。根据“angry with you if you do this again”结合备选词可知，get angry with sb“生某人的气”，if引导的条件状语从句，按照“主将从现”的原则，主句用一般将来时态，故填will get。
20．句意：我们的课程在早上七点半开始。根据“Our class…at half past seven in the morning.”结合备选词可知，此处为介绍课程开始时间，begin“开始”符合语境，主语为第三人称单数，故填begins。
21．句意：——你看起来很紧张。怎么了？——我昨天去参加了一个数学比赛，我正在等待结果。根据“I went to a Maths competition yesterday”结合备选词可知，此处为正在等待竞赛结果，wait“等待”符合句意，句子时态要用现在进行时，故填am waiting。
22．句意：——罐子里还有果汁吗？——没有了。我弟弟都给喝完了。根据“No. ”结合备选词可知，此处表达我弟弟都喝完了，drink“喝”符合语境，此处表达已经完成的动作，句子时态要用现在完成时，主语“My brother”为第三人称单数，故填has drunk。
23．句意：——为什么陈先生这么了解这个城市？——他曾在那里教英语近十年。根据“He once …English there for almost ten years.”结合备选词可知，teach“教”符合语境，由标志词once可知该句时态要用一般过去时，故填taught。
24．D 25．A 26．C 27．B
【导语】本文是A帮助做饭，伤到手指的一则对话。
24．根据“Really You’re joking.”及“No”可知，此处应是介绍想要帮助做饭的原因，选项D“我想在你生日那天为你做点特别的事。”符合语境。故选D。
25．根据“Three.”可知，此处是问数量，选项A“你需要几个土豆？”符合语境。故选A。
26．根据“And bring four peppers.”可知，此处是指拿了四个辣椒，选项C“给你。”符合语境。故选C。
27．根据“I can’t stop the bleeding.”可知，因为止不住血，所以应该去医院，选项B“我们需要去医院。”符合语境。故选B。
28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．C 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．A 41．C 42．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家人在钓鱼时救助了一只被塑料缠住腿的海龟，并意识到了海洋污染对海洋生物带来的危害。
28．句意：去年夏天，我在暑假时和家人去了一个岛。
in在……里面；at在；with和；on在……上面。根据“...our summer vacation”可知，此处表示在暑假，on summer vacation“在暑假期间”，为固定搭配。故选D。
29．句意：在岛上有很多有趣的事情可以做。
so如此；such如此的；very非常；ever曾经。so many“如此多的”，固定搭配。故选A。
30．句意：我的妈妈、爸爸、弟弟和我每天都去海滩。
slower较慢的；younger年纪较小的；cleaner更干净的；longer更长的。根据“my...brother”可知，此处应是表示弟弟，弟弟比“我”年级更小。故选B。
31．句意：我和爸爸，还有Frank一起坐了一条小渔船。
bought买；built建造；took拿走，乘坐；caught抓住。根据“I...a little fishing boat with my dad and Frank. Mum didn’t like fishing, so she stayed on the beach and read a book.”可知，此处应是表示坐上小渔船去钓鱼，take a boat“坐船”。故选C。
32．句意：一天早上，当我们正在钓鱼时，我们听到一声巨响。
when当……的时候；how怎样；where在哪里；who谁。根据“...we were fishing, we heard a loud noise”可知，在钓鱼的时候，听到了一声巨响。空处应是when，引导时间状语从句。故选A。
33．句意：可能是一只乌龟在船下游泳。
beach海滩；boat船；animal动物；book书。根据下文“Frank and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see...”可知，此处是在猜测有一只乌龟在船下游泳，乌龟撞到了船而出现了响声。故选B。
34．句意：Frank和我看了看船的周围，但我们什么也没看到。
something某物；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；everything每样事物。根据“Frank and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see...”可知，but表示前后句子存在转折关系，此处应是表示“看了看船的周围，但什么也没看到”，句子是否定句，空处应是anything。故选C。
35．句意：Frank喊道：“看，爸爸，它在那儿！”
got得到；talked谈话；tasted品尝；shouted大声说。根据“‘Look, Dad, there it is!’ ...Frank.”可知，Frank看到它了，所以大声跟爸爸说这事。故选D。
36．句意：让我们走进看看发生了什么。
saying说；going走；happening发生；selling出售。根据上文“It was a sea turtle and it couldn’t swim well. ”可知，那是一只海龟，且它无法好好游泳。所以此处应是表示要走进看看发生了什么事。故选C。
37．句意：当我们走进时，我们看到有一块塑料绕在海龟的腿上。
around围绕，周围；under在……下面；by通过；behind在……后面。根据“a piece of plastic (塑料)...the turtle’s leg”可知，塑料绕在海龟的腿上。故选A。
38．句意：于是爸爸跳进水里，游到海龟身边，把它带到船上。
box盒子；water水；boat船；lake湖。根据“swam to the turtle, and brought it to the boat”可知，应是跳进水里，然后游到海龟身边。故选B。
39．句意：现在你可以游向你的家人了。
run跑步；walk走路；fly飞；swim游泳。根据“There you go, little turtle. Now you can...to your family,”可知，海龟应是在海里游。故选D。
40．句意：然后Frank和我把它放回水里。
back回到原处；off离开；out向外；up向上。根据上文“...swam to the turtle, and brought it to the boat...Dad said after he cut the plastic off.”可知，海龟被爸爸带回到船上，然后爸爸把缠在海龟腿上的塑料切掉，所以现在要把它放回到水里。故选A。
41．句意：Frank开心地说：“我也会帮忙的。”
cheaply便宜地；weekly每周；happily开心地；successfully成功地。根据“We should do something useful to tell people not to throw rubbish (扔垃圾) into the sea, and put it on the beach.”可知，是做有意义的事，所以应是开心地说“我也会帮忙的”。故选C。
42．句意：如果我们不做些什么来阻止海洋污染，这些海洋动物将会死亡。
if如果；before在……之前；though虽然；until直到。根据“These sea animals will die...we don’t do something to stop sea pollution.”可知，如果不做些事，海洋动物会死亡，if符合语境，引导条件状语从句，句子遵循“主将从现”。故选A。
43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．G
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了垃圾产生的问题以及中国对垃圾的处理。
43．根据“We get useful materials from it...Still burned or buried. But is it a correct way ”可知，从废弃物中提取有用的材料，那其中无用的部分该怎么处理呢，选项C“那无用的部分呢？”符合题意。故选C。
44．根据“It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development (阻碍可持续发展). ”和“We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations (一代).”可知，废弃物阻碍了绿色可持续发展，那接下来我们应该怎么做，不应该怎么做，选项D“我们不应该以地球未来为代价赚钱。”符合题意。故选D。
45．根据“We are taking less waste from developed countries.”可知，中国开始采取行动了，不再过多的接纳发达国家产生的垃圾，选项A“中国现在开始认真对待浪费问题。”符合题意。故选A。
46．根据“One example is the waste electricity factories.”可知，废弃物发电站是废物利用的一个例子，说明中国也在努力将废物利用起来，选项B“中国也努力把废物好好利用起来。”符合题意。故选B。
47．根据“But it’s not the best way.”可知，此处与解决问题最好的方式有关，选项G“我们能做的最好的事情首先就是少制造垃圾。”符合题意。故选G。
48．C 49．C 50．D
【导语】文章主要讲述了日本排放核污染水的事件。
48．细节理解题。根据“It gets to China in about 240 days”可知，240天就能到达中国，大约是8个月。故选C。
49．细节理解题。根据“Fish and other seafood in the seamay have radioactive materials.”可知，鱼类和其他海产品可能有放射性物质，因此吃海鲜不再那么安全，故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，主要讲述了日本排放核污染水的事件，与环境有关，故选D。

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