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Unit 3 Electricity 单元讲义 2023-2024学年牛津上海版（试用本）八年级英语下册
I. Phrases
动词词组：1. be careful with sth
2. be connected to sth
3. buy sth in packets
4. change sth into sth
5. flow through a wire
6. get sb sth = get sth for sb
7. look adj(eg.foolish)
8. make electricity
9. refer to sth
10. scratch one’s head
11. think of
名词词组：1. a light bulb
2. a power station
3. a packet of
4. heat/movement/light/sound energy
5. thin wires
介词词组：1. in a way = partly
2. on one’s face
II. Sentence Patterns
Can sb do sth
May sb do sth
Sb must (not) do sth.
--Must sb do sth
--Yes, sb must./ No, sb needn’t.
Sb believe/know/think/tell/wonder/ask + 宾语从句
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, We will go for a picnic.
He wonders if/whether it will rain tomorrow
Grammar:
Modal verbs:can/could之间的区别 ,must/need ,may提问的回答，should,ought to疑问句及否定回答 ，may be /maybe之间的区别
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．“________ does your English teacher look like ” “He is tall and handsome.”
A．Which B．Why C．Who D．What
2．To protect the environment, some scientists want to ________ deserts ________ forests.
A．change; into B．take; to C．provide; for D．connect; to
3．He lacks the courage to speak in public. So all his friends encourage him ________ part in the speaking competition.
A．take B．taking C．to take D．took
4．—________ your American friend eat with chopsticks
—Yes, but he can’t use them well.
A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Shall
5．When you leave the reading room, don’t leave the lights on—you should ________.
A．switch on them B．switch them off C．switch them on D．switch off them
6．We met a heavy rain and a strong wind, but arrived home safely ________.
A．at once B．at last C．at least D．at first
7．Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again Stop being so ________!
A．funny B．foolish C．serious D．clever
8．—Is that man Mr Green
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Paris on business.
A．may B．must C．can’t D．shouldn’t
9．You 　　　 look at the traffic lights and cars when you cross the road.
A．must B．could
C．may D．might
10．Be ________ of the dog that doesn’t bark.
A．care B．careful C．carefully D．careless
二、短文填空
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文下的横线上填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，首字母已给，每空格限填一词）
Tony loved basketball. One afternoon on his way to a basketball game, he was walking and dreaming about playing college basketball the next year. Suddenly a car hit him and he was thrown three m 11 into the air.
Tony woke up in a h 12 room. When the doctor told him that both his legs were broken, he knew his college basketball dreams were over. Tony did what the doctors told him. B 13 it didn’t work when he left the hospital. Tony was sent to a rehab centre.
A week after he arrived there. he met Sunny Chen. Sunny used to be a coach. His legs were hurt seriously in a skating accident. Though he couldn’t move his legs, Sunny became a coach of a basketball t 14 called the Suns. It was a on-wheelchair basketball team, because everybody on the team played from a wheelchair. Sunny invited Tony to j 15 the game. Tony played badly, but for the first time since the accident, he stopped feeling sorry for himself.
After becoming a part of the Suns, Tony Improved quickly. Basketball was like m 16 for him. Tony was much better than before. When Tony became sad or angry, Sunny was there to help him. The day before Tony left the centre, he had dinner with Sunny. He asked Sunny h 17 he could be so happy, even with his broken legs. Sunny smiled and said, “It’s really quite easy. When you keep your face to the sun, the shadows fall behind.”
三、选词填空
Fill in the blanks with the word in its proper form:
explain polite encourage electricity servant heat change live patient science
18．On Mother’s Day, I gave my mother a(n) hair drier as a present.
19．Citizens need more public such as schools and hospitals.
20．We will increase cultural with other countries.
21．He spoke very in order not to frighten the little boy.
22．In those hard times, he would do anything to keep .
23．His are always difficult to believe.
24．He looked at me and said, “Can I leave now ”
25．It is said that this year has been the second year since 2000.
26．A team of French and Chinese has worked on this problem for several months.
27．They escaped in the end because they showed in the face of danger.
四、补全对话
A: Welcome to our computer shop. 28
B: I need to buy a computer. I was told it is cheaper to buy computers here.
A: Yes, that’s true. 29
B: That’s great, but I don’t know much about computers.
A: I will help you. 30
B: I want a desktop with a lot of memory.
A: Then, what kind of system would you like We have Windows XP and Windows Vista.
B: Most of my classmates use Windows XP. 31
A: Windows XP is really an excellent system. Look. This is the one you want to choose.
B: Wow. It’s wonderful. 32
A: It’s 4000 yuan. But we can give you a 30% discount.
B: OK. I will take this one.
A．How much is it
B．What can I do for you
C．I have a computer of my own.
D．We have great discounts for students.
E．Do you want to have a cup of coffee
F．I also want to get a system of Windows XP.
G．Which kind of computer do you want, a desktop or a laptop
五、完形填空
Often in your reading you will come across (遇见) a difficult new word. You may be able to read the word, but, you still do not know what it 33 . One way of finding out a word’s meaning is by looking it up in a 34 . Another way is to use context (上下文). You can think of the context as the “neighborhood” in which a word “lives”. A word is never 35 . It appears in a sentence with other words, and that sentence has other sentences that come before and after it. These words and sentences are the context of the unknown word.
A word’s context often contains clues (包含提示) to its meaning. To find clues, think about the meanings of the other words in the sentence. Look at the sentences that come before and after the sentence that contains the word. Do they give you any clues Sometimes a writer gives 36 that can help you understand the word’s meaning. Sometimes you may find a word that has almost the same meaning, or a word that means the 37 , or even a definition (释义) of the unfamiliar word, in the same sentence or a nearby one. These are all context clues.
Read the following sentence. Can you guess from the context what word might fit in the blank
We had our picnic in the shade (阴凉处) of a huge 38 .
Did you guess the missing word from the context If you did, you were able to tell from the other words in the sentence that the missing word must be a noun. You could also tell that the word means something that can give shade outdoors. It is something that people might have a picnic under. All these context clues helped you know the word.
33．A．predicts B．means C．debates D．wants
34．A．book B．dictionary C．newspaper D．magazine
35．A．alone B．sad C．united D．quiet
36．A．a letter B．an answer C．an example D．an action
37．A．opposite B．difficult C．serious D．necessary
38．A．river B．ground C．street D．tree
六、阅读理解
Look at the Earth from space. Why does our planet look so blue It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters (四分之三) of the Earth’s surface. Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too. More than half of our total (全部的) body weight is water.
Our body loses water whenever we exercise or go to the toilet. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day. We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops (庄稼) like rice and wheat; factories use it to make products.
Since the 1950s, the amount (数量) of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply (供应) hasn’t. Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help Use water wisely.
Having enough water isn’t our only problem. We also need it clean.
Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals (化学制品) that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other water-living lives. We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource (资源).
39．________ of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
A．Almost 50%
B．Less than 50%
C．Almost 75%
D．Over 75%
40．How many kinds of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1 (第一段)
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
41．From the third paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A．we don’t have enough water to use since the 1900s
B．there are more people than before
C．there will be less animals in the future
D．it’s necessary for us to save water in our daily life
42．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To ask people to value water.
B．To introduce the uses of water.
C．To advise people to drink more water.
D．To describe the situation of water supply.
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：“你的英语老师长什么样？” “他又高又帅。”
考查特殊疑问句。Which哪一个；Why为什么；Who谁；What什么。根据“He is tall and handsome.”可知，问句是询问外貌，应用What；句型What does/do sb. look like 用来询问外貌。故选D。
2．A
【详解】句意：为了保护环境，一些科学家想要把沙漠变成森林。
考查短语辨析。change...into意为”把……变为……”；take...to意为”带……去某地”；provide...for意为”为……提供……”；connect...to意为”把……和……连在一起”。根据“To protect the environment”，可知，保护环境需要更多的森林，所有是把沙漠变成森林。故选A。
3．C
【详解】句意：他缺乏在公众面前讲话的勇气。所以他所有的朋友都鼓励他参加演讲比赛。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选C。
4．A
【详解】句意：——你的美国朋友会用筷子吃饭吗？——是的，但是他不能很好地使用它们。
考查情态动词。Can能够；Should应该；Must必须；Shall应该。根据“but he can’t use them well.”可知，此处是表示能力，用can表示。故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：当你离开阅览室时，不要让灯开着，你应该把它们关掉。
考查动词短语。switch on开启；switch off关掉。根据“don’t leave the lights on”可知，是指关掉灯，该短语是动副结构的短语，代词要放在中间。故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：我们遇到了大雨和大风，但最后还是安全到家了。
考查介词短语。at once马上；at last最后；at least至少；at first起初。根据“We met a heavy rain and a strong wind, but arrived home safely”可知，说的是最后安全到家了。故选B。
7．B
【详解】句意：你为什么再次熬夜到这么晚玩电脑游戏啊？不要再这样傻了。
考查形容词辨析。funny有趣的；foolish傻的，愚蠢的；serious严重的；clever聪明的。根据“Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again ”，可知熬夜玩电脑游戏是一种愚蠢的行为。故选B。
8．C
【详解】句意：——那个人是Green先生吗？——不可能是他。他去巴黎出差了。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能；must必须；can’t不可能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“He has gone to Paris on business.”可知，去巴黎出差，所以不可能是他，表示否定的推测用can’t，故选C。
9．A
【详解】句意：当你过马路时，你必须看交通灯和车辆。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须；could能；may可以；might可能。根据“when you cross the road” 可知“看交通灯和车辆”是必须做的事，因此用must。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：小心不叫的狗。
考查形容词作表语。care名词/动词，关心；careful形容词，小心的；carefully副词，小心地；careless形容词，粗心的。根据“Be...of the dog that doesn’t bark.”可知，要小心不叫的狗，be careful with“小心……”，故选B。
11．(m)eters/(m)etres 12．(h)ospital 13．(B)ut 14．(t)eam 15．(j)oin 16．(m)edicine 17．(h)ow
【导语】本文介绍了Tony喜爱篮球，但是在一次事故中他的腿断了。在与梦想远离的时候，他遇到了Sunny，Sunny是在伤到腿之后成为一个轮椅篮球球队的教练，Sunny邀请Tony来加入球队，但Tony内心还是有时伤感，Sunny总是开导他。
11．句意：突然一辆汽车撞上了他，他被抛向三米高空。根据“Suddenly a car hit him and he was thrown three...into the air.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“三米高空”，meter/metre“米”，是名词，此处应用复数形式，故填(m)eters/(m)etres。
12．句意：托尼在医院里醒来。根据“When the doctor told him that both his legs were broken”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是hospital“医院”，故填(h)ospital。
13．句意：但当他离开医院时，它没有起作用。空格前后是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知，此处应用but连接，故填(B)ut。
14．句意：尽管桑尼的腿不能动，但他还是成为了一支名为太阳队的篮球队的教练。根据“It was a on-wheelchair basketball team”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是team“团队”，故填(t)eam。
15．句意：Sunny邀请Tony参加比赛。根据首字母提示及“Sunny invited Tony to...the game”可知，此处指的是“参加比赛”，故填(j)oin。
16．句意：篮球对他来说就像一剂良药。根据首字母提示及“Tony was much better than before.”可知，篮球就像一剂良药，故填(m)edicine。
17．句意：他问Sunny，即使他摔断了腿，他怎么会这么开心。根据“He asked Sunny...he could be so happy, even with his broken legs”可知，此处应用how引导宾语从句，表示方式，故填(h)ow。
18．electric 19．services 20．exchanges 21．politely 22．alive 23．explanations 24．impatiently 25．hottest 26．scientists 27．courage
【解析】18．句意：母亲节，我给了我妈妈一个电动吹风机当做礼物。根据“hair drier”和备选词汇可知此处表达“电动吹风机”，此空应填形容词，electric“用电的，电动的”，electric hair drier“电动吹风机”。故填electric。
19．句意：市民需要更多的公共服务机构，例如学校和医院。根据“public…such as schools and hospitals”和备选词汇可知此处表达公共服务机构，servant“仆人”，应用services表示“公共服务机构”。故填services。
20．句意：我们将会和其他国家增进文化交流。根据“cultural…with other countries”可知此空应填名词，表示“文化交流”。change“改变”，exchange“交流，交换”，名词，根据“with other countries”可知此空应用名词复数。故填exchanges。
21．句意：为了不吓坏那个小男孩他说得非常有礼貌。根据“spoke”和备选词汇可知此空应填副词修饰spoke，polite“礼貌的”，形容词，其副词形式为politely。故填politely。
22．句意：在那些困难时期，他愿意做任何事情来维持生命。根据“keep”和备选词汇可知此空应填形容词，live“有生命的”，修饰物，修饰人需用alive，表示“活着”。故填alive。
23．句意：他的解释总是很难相信。根据“are always difficult to believe”和备选词汇可知此空应填explain，根据“his”可知此空应填名词，explain的名词形式为explanation，根据“are”可知应用名词复数。故填explanations。
24．句意：他不耐烦地看着我，说：“我可以走了吗？”。根据“look…at”可知此空应填副词修饰look，根据“can I leave now”和备选词汇可知，此处表达“不耐烦的”，patient“耐心的”，其反义副词形式为impatiently。故填impatiently。
25．句意：据说今年是2000年以来第二个最热的一年了。根据“the second”可知此空应填形容词最高级，根据“It is said that this year has been the second”可知此处表达“最热的一年”，heat“加热”，动词，其形容词形式为hot，最高级为hottest。故填hottest。
26．句意：法国和中国队的科学家们研究这个问题有好几个月了。根据“Chinese…has worked”可知此空应填名词，根据“has worked on this problem for several months”和备选词汇可知此空表示“科学家”，scientist“科学家”，根据“French and Chinese”可知此空应填名词复数。故填scientists。
27．句意：最后他们逃脱了，因为他们在危险面前展示出了勇气。根据“show …in”和备选词汇可知此空应填名词，表示“勇气”，encourage“鼓励”，动词，courage“勇气”，名词。故填courage。
28．B 29．D 30．G 31．F 32．A
【导语】本文是关于购物的对话。
28．根据“Welcome to our computer shop.”及“I need to buy a computer.”可知，这里是导购员的服务用语，选项B“我能为你做什么？”符合语境。故选B。
29．根据“I was told it is cheaper to buy computers here.”可知，这里应该说明便宜的原因，选项D“我们对学生有很大的优惠。”符合语境。故选D。
30．根据“I want a desktop with a lot of memory.”可知，这里应该问选择哪种电脑，选项G“你想要哪种电脑，台式电脑还是笔记本电脑？”符合语境。故选G。
31．根据“Most of my classmates use Windows XP.”及“Windows XP is really an excellent system.”可知，这里是想买个Windows XP系统的电脑，选项F“我也想要一个Windows XP系统的。”符合语境。故选F。
32．根据“It’s 4000 yuan. But we can give you a 30% discount.”可知，这里应该是询问价格，选项A“多少钱？”符合语境。故选A。
33．B 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．A 38．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了在阅读中遇到生词时该如何做，查阅字典是一种方法，另一种是根据上下文来猜测单词的含义，本文具体介绍了这种方法。
33．句意：你可能会读这个词，但你仍然不知道它是什么意思。
predicts预测；means表示……的意思；debates辩论；wants想要。根据下文“One way of finding out a word’s meaning”可知，你不知道这个单词表达的意思。故选B。
34．句意：找出一个单词的意思的一种方法是查字典。
book书；dictionary字典；newspaper报纸；magazine杂志。根据“One way of finding out a word’s meaning is by looking it up in a ...”及常识可知，在字典中可以查到单词的意思。故选B。
35．句意：一个单词从来不是孤立的。
alone独自的；sad悲伤的；united团结的；quiet安静的。根据下文“It appears in a sentence with other words, and that sentence has other sentences that come before and after it.”可知，单词不是独立存在的。故选A。
36．句意：有时作者会举一个例子来帮助你理解这个词的意思。
a letter一个字母；an answer一种答案；an example一个例子；an action一种行动。根据“can help you understand the word’s meaning”可知，作者通过举例帮助你理解单词的含义。故选C。
37．句意：有时，你可能会在同一句话或附近的一句话中发现一个意思几乎相同的词，或者一个意思相反的词，甚至是不熟悉的词的定义。
opposite相反的；difficult困难的；serious严肃的；necessary必要的。根据“Sometimes you may find a word that has almost the same meaning,”和“or”可知，此处指意义相反的词，应用opposite。故选A。
38．句意：我们在一棵大树的树荫下野餐。
river河流；ground地面；street街道；tree树。根据“We had our picnic in the shade (阴凉处)”及常识可知，能在阴凉处下进行野餐的应是大树。故选D。
39．C 40．B 41．D 42．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了水资源对于人类和动物都很重要，但是水资源却受到了严重的污染。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters (四分之三) of the Earth’s surface”可知，差不多75%的地球表面被水覆盖。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段“Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too.”可知，水既是我们地球重要的一部分，也是我们身体重要的一部分。所以，第一段提到了两种水。故选B。
41．推理判断题。根据“Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help Use water wisely.”可知，从第三段中，我们可以推断出我们有必要在日常生活中节约用水。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了水资源的重要性，呼吁人们停止水污染，珍惜水资源，故选A。

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