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(共22张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures
Restrictive relative clauses
Learning goals:
1. To master the grammar rules,
especially about how to choose the
relatives（关系词）.
2. Be able to apply attributive
clauses to describing something and your writing.
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the
well walls.
2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were
dead or injured.
3. The number of people who were killed or badly
injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
4. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000
soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destoryed.
Step1 Discovering
语法思考：
定语从句是什么？
有什么作用？
本节语法导读
在复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的叫关系词。定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。
I. 定语从句的概念
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, why
关系词作用：
① 连接作用，连接主句和从句
② 指代先行词
③ 在定语从句中充当成分
eg: There were deep cracks that appeared in
the well walls.
双成学案P75
如何选定语从句的关系词
1. 辨清主句和定语从句
2. 找准定语从句的先行词（人/物/事/人和物）
3. 把先行词代入从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分。
4. 套用定语从句语法规则。
II.语法实例探究
二、关系代词的基本用法
1. who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The pen (which) you found yesterday is mine.
5. that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。
eg: The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience ____________ my great-grandma cannot forget.
2. The couple ______ live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies ___________ were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr Li is an architect ________ designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with ________ James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which, that .
which/that
who
which/that
whose
沙场秋点兵
whom
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
2. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
3. 当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
4. 当先行词既指人，又指物时。
简单句升级为定语从句的方法
①找出两个简单句的共有成分；
②将从句中的共有成分去掉；
③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．
The boy has a scar face.
Harry Porter is a boy has a scar on his face.
who/that
Harry Porter is a boy.
指代
所做成分
是否可省略
who
人
主；宾; 表
作宾语可省
whom
人
宾语
可省
whose
人; 物
定语
不可省
which
物
主；宾
作宾语可省
that
人；物
主；宾
作宾语可省
关系代词的用法
Step2 Practice
1. Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences in to Chinese.
①Here are some of the people ________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
②The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ______ were asleep.
③The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _____ they could find.
④Several days later, most of the buildings __________ has been destroyed by the hurricane were repaired.
⑤The injured boy _______ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
⑥The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the solider by ______ she was rescued.
⑦Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings
课本P52 Ex.2
whose
who
that
which/that
whose
whom
who
1. They were well trained by their masters ____________ had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019年全国III卷)
2. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江卷)
3. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________(form) the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. (2020新高考I卷)
who/that
which/that
which/that
小试牛刀
体验高考
formed
请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的短文：（用定语从句组织语言）
我有一个同学Kate, 她的妈妈是一位英语老师。
Kate是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她。
Kate 在此次考试中获得第一 (take the first place)，这使得她妈妈非常高兴。
她是一个非常刻苦的(hard-working)女生，从她身上我学到了很多。
Step3 Consolidation
I have a classmate called/named Kate, whose mother is an English teacher. Kate is a girl who/that is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the test, which makes her mother happy. What's more, she is a hard-working girl, from whom I learned a lot.
1. Don’t forget the things that once you owned.
2. God helps those who help themselves.
3. Don’t give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
4. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
5. He who laughs last laughs best.
　　
Appreciate the sentences below and translate them into Chinese.
曾经拥有的,不要忘记。
自助者天助也。
属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
Homework
1. Finish the Exercise1 and 2 in the Workbook on P90.
2. 使用定语从句描写你最喜欢的朋友。
Thank You for attending!

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