资源简介

Unit 5 Sport
必考短语和句型短语：
1.play with... 玩......, 跟......玩
2.at last 最后
3.one another 互相
4.put on 穿上，戴上
5.to be honest 老实说
6.fall over 被......绊倒
7.hold on to 抓紧
8.keep one’s balance 保持平衡
9.a few 几个，一些
10.arrive at 到达
11.by bus 乘公共汽车
12.up to 直到
13.play against 与......对抗
14.a lot 非常，很
15.more than 超过，多样
16.millions of 数以百万计的，无数的
17.be far from 离.....远
18.(be) full of 充满......
19.be good for 对......有好处
20.build up 建立
21.how often 多久一次
22.at any time 在任何时间，随时
23.begin with 以.....开始
24.take part in 参加
25.such as 例如
26.all over the world 全世界
27.check in (at)（在旅馆、机场等）登记, 报到
28.feel pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意
29.have a wonderful time 过得愉快, 玩得开心
30.keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
31.
用法集萃
1.make sb do sth. 使某人做某事
2.keep on doing sth. 继续/反复做某事
3.have to do sth. 必须/不得不做某事
4.manage to do sth. 设法做某事
5.much +比较级，......的多
6.in order to do sth为了做某事
7.learn to do sth 学着做某事
8.want to do sth 想要做某事
9.learn (to) do sth. 学着做某事
10.start doing sth. 开始做某事
11.(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事，极想做某事
12.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
13.spend some time (in) doing sth 花费多少时间做某事
14.It is/was adj. to do sth 做某事是......的
15.one of the 形容词最高级+可数名词复数，最......之一
经典句型
1.My dream was to see some real snow.我的梦想是去看一些真正的雪。
2.It was a shame, but we had to leave.真是遗憾，但我们不得不离开。
3.How can I get to the ski resort 我怎样能去滑雪旅游胜地？
4.You can get there by underground.你可以乘地铁去那里。
5.What sport do you like best 你最喜欢什么体育运动？
必考语法：八大时态复习
一般现在时
1.表经常发生的事情、习惯性的动作。 It seldom rains here .
2.表内心活动感情等。I don't think you are right.
3.陈述客观事实、客观真理。
The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight. 十减二等于八。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
4.表预定的行为。The train leaves at 9 .
5.描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music .她主修音乐。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
6. 主句为一般将来时， 时间或条件状语从句用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
特殊用法：（一般现在时表示过去）
1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。
如：I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。
Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。
如：The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。
基本结构: 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要变三单外，其他形式用动词原形。
I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
一般将来时
1.要在将来的某个时间内发生，表示“将来的动作或状态”。
I shall / will not be free tomorrow.2. 表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性。
Who is going to speak first 3.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事。
The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.
特殊用法（表示将来的五种常用非时态方式）
1.“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。
She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶。
You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变。
2. “be about to + v.”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。
The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。
3. “be going + v.”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。
We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打电话。
My sister’s going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。
4. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。
5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。
We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。
The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开。
基本结构：
1.由 will 加动词原形构成，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用 shall 加动词原形。
2. be going + v.：　　
Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。
I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time.下次我要干得好些。
The car is going to start. 车开不了啦。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
现在进行时
1.说话时正在发生的动作。
They are having a football match.
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作。
He is preparing for CET Band Six.
3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等。
She is often doing well at school.
4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作。
Are you staying here till next week
5.现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
They’re getting married next month. 　
基本结构：现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。　　
They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。
I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。
You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
过去进行时
1.表示过某时刻正在进行的动作。
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
2.用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke …
3.表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。
We left there when it's getting dark
4.某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。
I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”，连接两分句时，短暂性动词用过去时，延续性动词用过去进行时。
I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
现在完成时
1.表示截止现在业已完成的动作。
By now, I have collected all the data that I need.
2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作。
I haven’t seen the film yet.
3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续。
I have learned English for 8 years.
注意：瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词，不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定可用完成时，也可接表示一段时间的状语。
× He has come to Beijing since last year.
√ He has lived in Beijing since last year.
× He has joined the army for 3 years.
√ He has served in the army for 3 years.
√ He joined the army 3 years ago.
√ He has been a soldier for 3 years.
√ It is 3 years since he joined the army.
常见的瞬间动词有：
come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。
过去完成时
1.发生在“过去的过去”。
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用。
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
3.在过去某时刻之前开始一直延续到现在。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
过去完成时的判断:
1.由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
by + 过去的时间点：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
by the end of + 过去的时间点：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
before + 过去的时间点：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"过去的过去"来判定宾语从句中：
①在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
②状语从句中： 通常用在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中。
When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
Where did you study before you came here 　　
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
表示意向的动词，hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
基本结构：由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。
She said she had never been to Paris.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
过去将来时
1.宾语从句或间接引语中。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作。
During that period, he would do this every day.
3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
基本结构：过去将来时由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成
I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。
I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．Some people think the Stonehenge was built to celebrate a victory _______ an enemy.
A．for B．over C．with
2．—What’s that in the tree, can you see
—There must _______ some birds _______ in it.
A．are, sitting B．be, sit C．be, sitting
3．—Will you come to the dinner party
—I won’t come until Jenny ________.
A．will be invited B．can be invited C．is invited
4．When I got to the bus stop, the bus ________ already ________ for 5 minutes.
A．has; left B．had; left C．had; been away
5．The rivers ________ by the dirty water from the nearby factories.
A．polluted B．pollutes
C．are polluting D．are polluted
6．—I want to know if he ________ back tomorrow.
—I’ll tell you if he ________.
A．will come; will come B．will come; comes C．comes; will come
7．Because of the serious epidemic situation, more masks are needed. The workers ________ their best ________ more masks.
A．are trying; make
B．are trying; to make
C．tried; make
D．tried; to make
8．Kate was so kind that she ________ her own cake into pieces ________ with others.
A．cut; to share
B．cut; share
C．cuts; to share
D．cuts; share
9．This maths problem was ________ most students’ abilities.
A．over B．beyond C．through D．upon
10．Tina has improved a lot in English. She ________ it ________ her English teacher.
A．owes; to B．owe; to C．owing; to D．is owed; to
二、短文填空
A man got lost in a desert. He walked for two 11 (day) but he still couldn’t find his way out. Dying for water, he found 12 empty house in the desert. There was a water pump (泵) in the house!
The man was so happy 13 he ran to draw water. But no matter how hard he tried, no water came out.
He 14 (sit) sadly on the ground when he saw a little bottle with a cork (软木塞) in it. On the bottle, there was an old note saying: You must add the water into the pump before you can draw water! Don’t forget 15 (fill) it with water again before you leave! The man took the cork out and 16 (happy) found the bottle was full of water!
“If I’m selfish, as long as I drink the water, I can go out 17 this room alive,” he thought, “If I do as the note said, I might die of thirst. Should I take the risk or not ”
At last, he decided to do as the note said 18 began to draw water. Lots of water started coming out from the pump! 19 a big surprise!
After he 20 (drink) enough, he filled the bottle with water and added his words after the note.
“Believe me, do as the note tells you!” he wrote.
三、选词填空
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。(每词限用一次)
make, talk, improve, know, speak, learn, behave, put, suppose, say
My host family is really nice. They go out of their way to 21 me feel at home. The grandmother 22 that I miss Chinese food a lot. So she actually 23 how to make Chinese food! She also has a teenage granddaughter about my age who is really kind. She always 24 to me in French to help me practice. And you wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has 25 ! I’m very comfortable 26 French now.
My biggest challenge is learning how 27 at the dinner table. For example, you’re not supposed 28 your bread on your plate. You’re supposed to put it on the table! I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. You’re not 29 to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit! Another thing is that it is very rude 30 you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “That was delicious.” Also, you are not supposed to put your elbows on the table. I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything.
四、完形填空
Few people like changing their habits, good or bad. Whether it is smoking, drinking or over-eating, they 31 “enjoying” them to the end.
On every packet of cigarettes (香烟), people are warned against the 32 of smoking: “Warning: Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health”. 33 , millions of them start smoking or go on smoking. Why
Facts show that families and surroundings (环境) play a very important part in 34 smokers. All those smokers come from smoking families or have smoking 35 or relatives. Films and TV plays also play a part. People 36 their “heroes” on TV drinking alcohol (酒) or smoking cigarettes. “Heroes” seem to fear 37 , neither killing themselves nor killing others with alcohol and cigarettes. If they are not afraid of the harm of smoking and drinking, 38 should common people be afraid
The simple warning on the cigarette packet does not influence smokers’ habits. Even 39 warnings, like showing pictures of smokers who have died of cancer, don’t seem to work.
Knowing and believing seem to be two 40 things. If smoking is really as harmful as doctors say, it is time for smokers to think about it and try to give it up!
31．A．stop B．continue C．finish
32．A．chances B．dangers C．causes
33．A．Moreover B．Also C．However
34．A．influencing B．explaining C．improving
35．A．parents B．friends C．brothers
36．A．hear B．catch C．watch
37．A．something B．nothing C．anything
38．A．what B．how C．why
39．A．stronger B．worse C．longer
40．A．similar B．pleasant C．different
五、阅读理解
We may know some good health habits, but we don’t realize how much difference they can make. In the 1970s, scientists at the University of California-Los Angeles asked 7,000 people about their health habits. Then they followed these people to see how long they lived.
The scientists discovered that seven habits were closely linked with a longer life.
▲eating breakfast every day ▲avoiding eating anything like cakes between meals ▲keeping a good weight—not too heavy or too thin ▲exercising regularly ▲sleeping seven or eight hours every night—not more or less ▲not smoking ▲drinking two or fewer alcoholic (含酒精的) drinks every day
The researchers found that these habits had a powerful effect on health. People in this study who had three or fewer of these habits lived another 21.6 years. People who had six or seven could expect to live another 33 years!
But how do you change your habits Make one small change every week. And be patient. It takes about 21 days to form a new habit.
41．The underlined word “they” (Paragraph 1) most probably refers to ________.
A．scientists
B．good health habits
C．universities
D．7,000 people
42．One of the habits closely linked with a longer life is _________.
A．taking regular exercise B．drinking less water every day
C．eating cakes between meals D．sleeping more than eight hours every night
43．The idea “these habits had a powerful effect on health” is supported with ________.
A．guesses B．stories C．experiences D．facts
44．In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage
A．News. B．Health. C．Business. D．Sports.
45．The passage is written mainly to tell people ________
A．to keep a good weight B．to avoid eating to much
C．to form good health habits D．to keep away from danger
阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。
Do you ever feel bad because you made a mistake Remember, some of our favorite foods 46 .
Sandwiches
One day in the 1700s, the Earl of Sandwich was so busy gambling(赌博) 47 . So, he asked his people to put some food between two pieces of bread, and then he ate it while gambling. The sandwich has been popular ever since.
Chocolate Chip Cookies
In 1930, Ruth Wakefield was making chocolate cookies at a small hotel in Massachusetts. 48 , Ruth broke a bar of chocolate into little pieces and added them to the dough (面团). When the cookies were baked, the chocolate hadn’t melted(融化). Instead, there were little chips of chocolate throughout the cookie. Ruth was soon selling chocolate chip cookies.
Potato Chips
One day in 1853, a man at a restaurant in New York ordered some French fries. He thought 49 . The cook, George Crum, decided to teach the man a lesson. He cut a potato into paper-thin pieces and fried them so heavily 50 . However, the customer loved them. Soon other customers were also asking for potato chips.
A．they were too thick to eat
B．were discovered by accident
C．that he did not want to go to eat
D．that they could not be cut with a fork
E．When she ran out to bake chocolate
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：有些人认为巨石阵是为了庆祝战胜敌人而建造的。
考查介词。for为了；over超过；with有。victory over“战胜”，固定短语，故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：——树上那是什么，你能看见吗？——一定有一些鸟待在里面。、
考查情态动词的用法及固定句型。There be sth. doing sth.“有某物正在做某事”，固定句型，doing sth.是现在分词短语作定语。由情态动词must可知，后面跟动词原形，there must be表肯定的推测，意思是“一定有……”，故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：——你会来参加晚宴吗？——直到Jenny被邀请了我才会来。
考查动词的时态和被动。句子是until引导的时间状语从句，主语用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时；Jenny和邀请之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，表示被邀请。故选C。
4．C
【详解】句意：当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经离开了5分钟。
考查动词时态和延续性动词。根据“When I got to the bus stop, the bus…already…”可知句子应该用过去完成时，结构为“had+动词的过去分词”，是固定用法，过去完成时表示“动作发生在过去的过去”，即到达车站是“过去时态”，所以“火车离开是发生在过去的过去”，因此应该用“过去完成时”，因此排除A选项；由“for 5 minutes”可知句子应该用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词，left是短暂性动词，因此排除B选项，be away表示“状态”，故选C。
5．D
【详解】句意：河流被附近工厂的污水所污染。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。polluted污染，过去式或过去分词；pollutes单三形式；are polluting现在进行时；are polluted一般现在时的被动语态。由于The rivers与选项中的动词pollute是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是：be+动词的过去分词。故选D。
6．B
【详解】句意：——我想知道他明天回不回来。——如果他回来我就告诉你。
考查时态。第一句是if引导的宾语从句，主句一般现在时，从句时间状语是tomorrow，用一般将来时will do结构；第二句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时。故选B。
7．B
【详解】句意：由于严重的疫情，需要更多的口罩。工人们正在尽最大努力制作更多的口罩。
考查时态和固定搭配。are trying正在尝试；tried尝试，动词过去式；make制作，动词原形；to make制作，动词不定式。根据“Because of the serious epidemic situation, more masks are needed.”可知，此处表示工人们现在正在制作口罩，为进行时态：be+doing；try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，所以第二空应填动词不定式。故选B。
8．A
【详解】句意：凯特非常善良，她把自己的蛋糕切成块和别人分享。
考查动词时态和非谓语。cut切，动词过去式/动词原形；cuts动词三单；share分享，动词原形；to share分享，动词不定式。根据was可知，本句为一般过去时，所以第一空应填动词过去式；第二空表目的，把自己的蛋糕切成块目的是和别人分享，所以应用动词不定式做目的状语。故选A。
9．B
【详解】句意：这道数学题超出了大多数学生的能力。
考查介词词义辨析。over在……之上；beyond超过；through通过；upon在……上。根据“This maths problem was...most students’ abilities.”可知，此处表达超出了大多数学生的能力。故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：蒂娜的英语进步很大。这要归功于她的英语老师。
考查动词时态。owe sth. to sb.意为“把……归功于……”；根据“Tina has improved a lot in English.”可知，该句为一般现在时，主语为She，谓语动词用单三形式，故选A。
11．days 12．an 13．that 14．was sitting 15．to fill 16．happily 17．of 18．and 19．What 20．drank
【导语】本文讲述一个人在沙漠中迷路，在极度干渴的时候发现了一口水泵，但是水泵需要加一瓶水进去才会出水，这个人犹豫了，但是他还是按照纸条上所说的将水倒进了水泵，然后他真的打出了水。
11．句意：他走了两天仍然找不到出去的路。day“天”为可数名词，根据空前“two”可知用复数形式。故填days。
12．句意：他渴得要死，在沙漠里发现了一座空房子。此处填不定冠词表泛指“一座空房子”，empty以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填an。
13．句意：那人非常高兴，他跑去打水。上文“他渴得要死”；可知此处指“那人发现了房子，很高兴，跑去打水”；用“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
14．句意：他正伤心地坐在地上时，看见了一个装着软木塞的小瓶子。句子是when引导的时间状语从句，“when he saw a little bottle with a cork in it”是一般过去时，可知此处用过去进行时表过去某个时间点正在发生的动作。故填was sitting。
15．句意：在你离开之前别忘了再装满水！forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，可知填不定式。故填to fill。
16．句意：那人拿出软木塞，高兴地发现瓶子里装满了水！此处填副词修饰动词found；happily“高兴地”。故填happily。
17．句意：如果我是自私的，只要我喝了这水，我就可以活着离开这房间。根据“go out”和“alive”可知，此处指“活着离开这房间”；get out of…“从……离开”。故填of。
18．句意：最后，他决定照纸条上说的去做，然后开始打水。上文“他决定照纸条上说的去做”和下文“开始打水”之间为顺承关系，用连词and“和”。故填and。
19．句意：真是个大惊喜！根据“…a big surprise!”是名词短语；可知，句子是what引导的感叹句。故填What。
20．句意：他喝够了水后，把瓶子装满了水，并在纸条后面加上了他的话。句子是after引导的时间状语从句，主句“he filled the bottle with water and added his words after the note.”是一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则可知此处填过去式。故填drank。
21．make 22．knows
23．learned/learnt 24．talks
25．improved 26．speaking 27．to behave
28．to put 29．supposed 30．to say
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在寄宿家庭的生活以及法国的一些饮食习俗。
21．句意：他们想尽办法让我感到舒适自在。根据“me feel at home”可知是让我感到舒适自在，make“使”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填make。
22．句意：祖母知道我很想念中国菜。根据“that I miss Chinese food”以及所给词可知是知道我想念中国菜，know“知道”，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是The grandmother，谓语动词用三单。故填knows。
23．句意：所以她真的学会了如何做中国菜！根据“how to make Chinese food”以及所给词可知是学习如何做中国菜，learn“学习”，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填learned/learnt。
24．句意：她总是用法语和我交谈，帮助我练习。根据“to me in French”可知是和我用法语说话，talk“说话”，根据“always”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是She，谓语动词用三单。故填talks。
25．句意：你不会相信我的法语进步这么快！根据“how quickly my French has”以及所给词可知是法语进步，improve“提高，改善”，此处用过去分词和助动词has构成现在完成时。故填improved。
26．句意：我现在说法语很舒服。根据“French”可知是说法语，speak“说”，sb. be comfortable doing sth.“某人做某事很舒服”。故填speaking。
27．句意：我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现。根据“at the dinner table”可知是在餐桌上表现，behave“表现”，此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to behave。
28．句意：你不应该把面包放在盘子里。根据“your bread on your plate”以及所给词可知是把面包放盘子里，put“放”，be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”。故填to put。
29．句意：你不应该用手吃任何东西。根据“You’re not...to eat anything with your hands”可知是不应该用手吃东西，be supposed to do“应该做某事”。故填supposed。
30．句意：另一件事是，说你吃饱了是非常粗鲁的。根据“you’re full”以及所给词可知是说你吃饱了，say“说”，it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”。故填to say。
31．B 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．C 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了很少有人喜欢改变他们的习惯，无论好坏。在每包香烟的包装上，都警告着人们吸烟的危害，那么为什么那么多的人学抽烟、继续抽烟呢？事实表明，家庭和环境是人们抽烟的重要原因。简单的警告对有抽烟习惯的人没有用处。
31．句意：无论是抽烟、喝酒还是过度进食，他们都会“享受”到底。
stop停止；continue继续；finish完成。根据“Few people like changing their habits, good or bad.”可知，很少有人改变自己的习惯，故选B。
32．句意：在每包香烟上，人们都被警告吸烟的危险：“警告：吸烟对你的健康有害”。
chances机会；dangers危险；causes原因。根据“Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health”可知，人们都被警告吸烟的危险，故选B。
33．句意：然而，数以百万计的人开始吸烟或继续吸烟。
Moreover除此之外还；Also也；However然而。结合前后语境可知每包香烟上都有吸烟有害健康的标识，但许多人还是开始吸烟或继续吸烟，此处表转折。故选C。
34．句意：事实表明，家庭和周围环境在影响吸烟者方面发挥着非常重要的作用。
influencing影响；explaining解释；improving提高。根据“All those smokers come from smoking families”可知，家庭和周围环境在影响吸烟者方面发挥着非常重要的作用。故选A。
35．句意：所有这些吸烟者都来自吸烟的家庭，或者有吸烟的朋友或亲戚。
parents父母亲；friends朋友；brothers兄弟。根据“Facts show that families and surroundings(环境) play a very important part in influencing smokers”可知，吸烟者都有吸烟的朋友或亲戚，故选B。
36．句意：人们在电视上看到他们的“英雄”喝酒或抽烟。
hear听到；catch抓住；watch看。根据“on TV”可知，人们在电视上看到他们的“英雄”喝酒或抽烟。故选C。
37．句意：“英雄”们似乎无所畏惧，既不杀自己，也不用烟酒杀人。
something某事；nothing没有事情；anything任何事情。根据“neither killing themselves nor killing others with alcohol and cigarettes”可知，“英雄”们似乎无所畏惧，故选B。
38．句意：如果他们不害怕吸烟和饮酒的危害，为什么普通人要害怕？
what什么；how如何；why为什么。结合语境可知，英雄们都不怕，为什么我们要怕，故选C。
39．句意：甚至更强烈的警告，比如展示死于癌症的吸烟者的照片，似乎也不起作用。
stronger更强的；worse更糟糕的；longer更长的。结合前后语境可知，图片警示比文字警示更强有力，故选A。
40．句意：知道和相信似乎是两回事。
similar相似的；pleasant令人愉悦的；different不同的。通过全文可知，知道吸烟有害健康，人们并不理会，继续抽着烟，说明知道与相信是两个不同的事，故选C。
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了良好生活习惯对我们的影响，告诉我们要形成良好的习惯。
41．词义猜测题。根据“We may know some good health habits, but we don’t realize how much difference they can make”可知我们可能知道一些好的健康习惯，但我们没有意识到它们能带来多大的不同，故此处they指代“good health habits”。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据“▲exercising regularly”可知要定期锻炼。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“People in this study who had three or fewer of these habits lived another 21.6 years. People who had six or seven could expect to live another 33 years!”可知此处通过列举了一些事实讲述了这些习惯对健康有很大影响。故选D。
44．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了良好生活习惯对我们的影响，告诉我们要形成良好的习惯，故文章可能出现在报纸的健康版面。故选B。
45．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了良好生活习惯对我们的影响，告诉我们要形成良好的习惯。故选C。
46．B 47．C 48．E 49．A 50．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了三种食物的由来。
46．下文介绍了三明治、巧克力饼干及薯片的发明，它们都是偶然被发明的。由此可推知，本句的意思是：一些我们最喜爱的食物是偶然间发明的。故选B。
47．根据“then he ate it while gambling”可知，他忙于赌博以至于他不想出去吃东西，C选项“他不想去吃饭”符合。故选C。
48．由本段标题可知，本句谈论内容与巧克力有关。在题目提供的选项中，只有E“当她跑出来烘烤巧克力时”最能衔接上下文。故选E。
49．根据“The cook, George Crum, decided to teach the man a lesson. He cut a potato into paper-thin pieces”可知，厨师为了教训这个顾客，将土豆切成很薄的薄片，由此可推知这位顾客认为土豆片太厚了，A选项“它们太厚了，不能吃”符合。故选A。
50．根据“He cut a potato into paper-thin pieces and fried them so heavily”及常识可知，薯片如果切得太薄，炸得很脆是无法用叉子叉起来吃的，D选项“它们不能用叉子切”符合。故选D。

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