资源简介 初中英语语法之疑问句什么是疑问句?疑问句是用于提出疑问的句子,可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一.一般疑问句以助动词或情态动词开头,语音语调上扬,回答一般为 "Yes./No." 的句子。1.疑问句的主要构成1)Be 动词+主语… …?肯定句:He is a student.他是一个学生。一般疑问句:Is he a student?他是一个学生吗?肯定句:They are drawing pictures. 他们正在画画。一般疑问句 :Are they drawing pictures?他们正在画画吗?学习小贴士:当肯定句为第一人称时,提问用第二人称:肯定句:I am a beautiful girl. 我是个漂亮的女孩。一般疑问句 :Are you a beautiful girl?你是个漂亮的女孩吗?2)情态动词+主语… … 肯定句:I can dance.我会跳舞。一般疑问句:Can you dance?你会跳舞吗?3)助动词+主语:助动词学过的有:DO/Dose/Did/Have/Has肯定句:I like college life.我喜欢大学生活。一般疑问句:Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?肯定句:They saw some trees here last year.他们去年在这里看到一些树。一般疑问句:Did they see any trees here last year?他们去年在这里看到一些树了吗?肯定句:I have finished my work.我已经完成了我的工作。一般疑问句 :Have you finished your work?你已经完成了你的工作了吗?学习小贴士:★将肯定句改为一般疑问句和改成否定句的窍门是一样的,一般有以下两种情况。a.如果句子里有 be 动词,情态动词以及 have 作为助动词的时候,直接将它拉到句首,结尾变成问号即可:He is twelve.→ Is he twelve?She can swim.→ Can she swim?I have got it.→ Have you got it?b.当句子里是实义动词时,我们也可以用一些小窍门:肯定句:I go to the park.我去公园。→改成一般疑问句第一步:我们可以在改变句子之前,把 go 拆分下, 变成 do go.第二步:然后将 do 提到句首,答案是:Do you go to the park?你去公园吗?同样,我们来看般现在时态,第三人称单数的情况:He likes bananas.他喜欢香蕉。→改成否定句第一步:我们先将 likes 拆分成 does like;第二步:将 does 提到句首。答案是 Does he like bananas?他喜欢香蕉吗?而对于一般过去时态,我们也可以这样拆分。I got up at six yesterday.我昨天6点起床。我们把 got 拆分成 did get.然后把did提到句首,答案是:Did you get up at six yesterday?你昨天是6点起床的吗?二.特殊疑问句以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。1.特殊疑问词1)疑问代词① what(什么):What can you see?你能看到什么?② which(哪个,哪些)Which is bigger?哪一个更大?③ who (谁 主格)who is your sister 谁是你的姐姐④ whom 谁(宾格)Whom do you like to be with?你喜欢和谁待在一起?5. whose(谁的)Whose is this umbrella?这是谁的伞?2)疑问副词:① when(何时)When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候?② where(何地)Where do you live?你住哪里?③ why(为什么)why do you like him?你为什么喜欢他?④ how(怎么样)How do you feel today?你今天感觉怎么样?3)疑问形容词:what, which, whose(后加名词)What colour is the sky?天空是什么颜色?Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?Whose car is this?这是谁的车?2.特殊疑问词组1)how many 多少(后跟可数名词):How many apples have you got?你有几个苹果?2)how much 多少(后跟不可数名词):How much milk is there in the bottle瓶子里有多少牛奶?3)how long 多久: How long did he stay here?他在这儿待了多久?4)how often 多久一次:How often do you visit your grandparents?你多久看一次你的祖父母?5)what time 什么时间What time do you get up every day?你每天几点起床?6)what colour 什么颜色What colour is your dress?你的裙子是什么颜色的?3.特殊疑问句的语序1)疑问句提问的对象为主语,只要将主语替换为特殊疑问词,其余不变Lily is my good friend. 莉莉是我的好朋友。Who is your good friend 谁是你的好朋友?His bike is broken. 他的自行车坏了。Whose bike is broken 谁的自行车坏了?2)如针对句子的其他成分提问,其语序改为疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序+其他 ?I can see yellow. 我能看见黄色。What colour can you see 你看到什么颜色?He goes to school by taxi. 他坐出租车去上学。How does he go to school 他怎么去上学?The bag is thirty yuan. 这个包30元。How much is the bag 这个包多少钱?学习小贴士:★特殊疑问句的回答不能用 Yes./ No.来回答。一定是提问什么就回答什么。有时也可以用简便回答:What is your father?你父亲做什么的?A doctor. 医生。★Why 引导的特殊疑问句要用 because 来回答。Why do you like monkeys?你为什么喜欢猴子?Because they are clever. 因为它们很聪明。1)Is she a teacher Yes , she ____ .No, she _____.2) _____ the girls often swim Yes ,____ do.No, _____ don’t.3) ____ your dad like listening to music Yes ,____ does .No, ____ doesn’t.4)_____ you wash his car yesterday Yes , ____ did .No, ____ didn’t.5) Can you run fast Yes , I ______.No, I ______.6)_____ she a teacher Yes, she _____ .No, she _____.7) ______ you playing ball now Yes,I ______.No, I ______.8) ______ a pig jump Yes, it can.No, it _____.9) ______ five birds flying in the sky Yes, they _____ .No, ____ aren’t.10) _____ your father reading in the living room Yes, ____ is .No, he _____.参考答案is,isn'tDo,they,theyDoes,he,heDid,I,I(we)Can,can,can'tIs,is,isn'tAre,am,am not.Can,can'tAre,are,theyIs,he,isn't.将下列句子改成一般疑问句并回答。1. It is a lovely dog.2. She will go home tomorrow.3. He is my father.4. They are Lily’s cousins.5. We were classmates.6. I am a doctor.7 There is a bird in the tree.8.There are many stars in the sky.9. They are good friends.10. I love my parents.11. We had lunch at 12 o'clock.12. Jenny likes to fly a kite.13. They have gone to the U.S.14. They walk to school every morning.15. I can swim.参考答案1.Is it a lovely dog Yes,it is . No, it isn’t.2.Will she go home tomorrow Yes,she will . No, she won't.3.Is he your father Yes,he is . No, he isn’t.4.Are they Lily’s cousins Yes,they are. No, they aren’t.5.were you classmates Yes,we were. No, we were not.6. Are you a doctor Yes , I am . No, I’m not.7.Is there a bird in the tree Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t.8. Are there many stars in the sky Yes ,there are . No, there aren’t.9. Are they good friends Yes,they are. No, they aren’t.10. Do you love your parents Yes,I do. No,I don’t.11. Did you have lunch at 12 o'clock Yes,I did. No,I didn’t.12. Does Jenny like to fly a kite Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t.13. Have they go to church on Sunday Yes,they have. No,they haven’t.14.Do they walk to school every morning Yes,they do. No,they don’t.15.Can you swim Yes, I can. No, I can't.选择性疑问句◆定义选择疑问句指说话者提出两种或两种以上的情况,问对方选择哪一种,选项用连词or来连接。1.选择疑问句的构成1)以一般疑问句开头,加上“or +选择部分”Are you a doctor or a nurse?你是医生还是护士?Do you like basketball or footbal?你喜欢篮球还是足球?2)以特殊疑问句开头,加上选择部分Which dress do you like,the red one or the yellow one?你喜欢哪条裙子,红的还是黄的?Whose car is it,his or yours?这是谁的车,他的还是你的?Which apples do you want,the red ones,the green ones or the yellow ones?你要哪些苹果,红的,绿的还是黄的?2.选择疑问句的回答选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句,不能用yes/no来回答,而必须选择选项中的一项进行回答。which room do you like,the study or the bedroom?你喜欢哪间房间,书房还是卧室?I like the study.我喜欢书房。学习小贴士★选择疑问句在提问或回答时有时会使用复数,这时要注意单复数的统一。Which orange do you like,the big one or the small one?你喜欢哪个橘子,大的还是小的?Which oranges do you like,the big ones or the small ones?你喜欢哪些橘子,大的还是小的?★在回答选择疑问句时,大部分都可以进行省略回答。Do you like pizzas or hamburgers?你喜欢比萨还是汉堡包?Hamburger.汉堡包。What colour are the flowers,red or yellow?这些花是什么颜色的,红的还是黄的?Red.红的。反义疑问句反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的疑问句组成。其中陈述部分提出一种看法,疑问部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式;陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式。反义疑问句表示说话者对某事有一定看法,但又不完全确定,需要对方加以证实。通常翻译为“……,是吗?”反义疑问句的提问与回答1.反义疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:肯定+否定?否定+肯定?You can’t do it, can you 你不能做它,是吗?They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they 他们开会迟到了,是吗?2.疑问部分的主语应与陈述句的主语保持一致,且只能用人称代词替代。You come from Beijing, don't you 你来自北京,是不是 3.当陈述部分中含有be动词,助动词,或是情态动词时,反问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成。be动词包括:am, is, are, was, were助动词有:do, does, did, have(用在完成时), has(用在完成时)等情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, shouldHe will go home, won’t he 他要回家了,是吗?She doesn’t like to eat popcorn, does she 她不喜欢吃爆米花,是吗?4.反义疑问句的回答:事实是肯定的用yes+肯定结构;若事实是否定的则用no+否定结构。反义疑问句的特殊情况1.have表示不同含义时,疑问部分使用不同的动词:(1)have 表“有”时,反义义疑问句谓语动词用have/do都可以He has a new car, doesn’t/hasn’t he 他有一辆新车,是吗?(2)have表“吃,喝,玩,度过,举办”等时,反义疑问句动词用doHe has supper at home every day, doesn’t he 他每天在家吃晚饭,是吗?They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they 他们在北京玩得很愉快,是吗?(3)have to表“不得不,必须”时,反义疑问句谓语动词用doKite has to help her mother, doesn’t she 凯特不得不帮她的妈妈,是吗?(4)had better表“最好”时,反义疑问句谓语动词用hadWe had better go to school at once, hadn't we 我们最好马上去上学,是吗?(5)have用在完成时中,反义疑问句谓语动词用haveThey have known the matter, haven’t they 他们已经知道了,是吗?2.(1)反义疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,nobody, nothing, no one, none, neither等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。She never tells a lie, does she (不用doesn’t she )她从不说谎,是吗?He was seldom late, was he (不用wasn’t he )他几乎不迟到,是吗?(2)当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的(即有un, dis-前缀、less-后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词),当做肯定句处理,其后的疑问部分依然用否定结构。It is unfair, isn't it 这不公平,是吧?He dislikes English, doesn’t he 他不喜欢英语,是吗?3.陈述部分为There + be +主语时,问句部分用动词+ there 形式。There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there 碟子里有两块蛋糕,是吗?4.反义义疑问句的陈述部分为I am …时,问句部分习惯上用aren’t I?I am a very honest man, aren’t I 我是个很诚实的人,是吗?5.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it 电脑有问题了,是吗?Nothing has happened to them, has it 他们什么事也没发生,是吗?6.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone) none, neither时,问句部分的主语用he或they,此时问句动词的数应和he或they一致。Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he 有人已经坐了位置,是吗?Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they 每个人在比赛中已经尽力了,是吗?7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反义疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反义疑问句的主语用they。This is a plane, isn't it 这是一架飞机,是吗?These are grapes,aren't they 这些是葡萄,是吗?8.当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must。You mustn't stop your car here, must you 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?(2)must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't。They must finish the work today, needn’t they 他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。He must be good at English, isn’t he 他英语一定学得很好,是吗?She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she 她一定是位优秀的英语老师,是吗?9.当陈述部分谓语动词是need,且被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。若need 为情态动词,疑问部分用need构成。We need to help them, don’t we 我们得帮他们,对吗?You needn’t go there, need you 你不必去那儿,是吗?10.陈述部分为祈使句时,疑问部分根据不同情况使用不同的情态动词:(1)若为let’s引导,疑问部分用shall we Let’s go home together, shall we 让我们一起回家,好吗?(2)若为let us/me引导,疑问部分用will you?Let us stop to rest, will you 让我们停下休息,好吗?(3)若为否定祈使句,疑问部分用will you?Don’t make any noise, will you 别弄出噪音,好吗?(4)若为肯定祈使句,疑问部分用will you 或won’t you 都可以Do sit down, won’t you / will you 请坐,好吗?Please open the window, will you (won’t you )打开窗,好吗?11.陈述部分是主从复合句时,疑问部分主语通常与主句主语一致。She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she 她说她明天不会来,是吗?但主句主语为第一人称I/We,谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, expect等时,反义疑问句主语常与从句主语一致,并注意还原否定转移,以确定疑问部分的形式。I think he is a good student, isn’t he 我觉得他是个好学生,对吗(他是吗)?I don’t think he will come, will he 我认为他不会来,对吗(他会来吗)? 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览