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2024届北京市东城区等5区高三下学期一模
英语 2024.03
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I hadn't seen Anne in nearly 20 years since college,yet we could still party like old times.It was great to have her here, 1 our lives.
She was looking at the few blooms(花)left in my yard.I hadn't planted much after losing my job.It had been a 2 year for me.Just when I thought I was done with thebitterness,it would all come rushing back and the 3 thing on my mind was flowers.
“One of my hobbies is taking photos of 4 ,”she said and steadied herself near the last rose of the season.I shrugged(耸肩),wondering why anyone would. 5 taking time
to look at a lowly rose.
Suddenly a hot song rang from her cell phone."I set it to remind me to take my medicine,”she said calmly.
“An 6 for medicine "I laughed.“Are we that old ”
“For my brain,”she smiled.“I have been diagnosed with a rare cancer,a small tumor (肿块)no bigger than your fingernail,”she laughed softly.That was Anne—ever 7 .Even cancer was no more than joking about.
So 8 that I was beyond words.
Later next day,an e-mail filled with the flower photos popped up from Anne—clear and beautiful.She had gotten past the anger,the pity and unfairness,taking one momentat a time and polishing it until it 9 .
I shifted my eye to outside,and I had her flowers in full bloom.Actually,I always had them,but it was Anne who got me to really 10 them.
1.A.saving B.watching C.sharing D.controlling
2.A.normal B.new C.satisfying D.difficult
3.A.last B.same C.only D.right
4.A.yards B.flowers C.parties D.people
5.A.bother B.avoid C.miss D.stop
6.A.award B.order C.alarm D.idea
7.A.optimistic B.attractive C.hard-working D.confident
8.A.nervous B.shocked C.relaxed D.lucky
9.A.ended B.failed C.shined D.fruited
10.A.arrange B.trust C.colour D.appreciate
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Chinese restaurants have played an important role in different 11 (country) worldwide,where there can be specialized versions of Chinese food.For example,General Tso's chicken, 12 (name)after Tso Tsung-tang,a military leader of the Qing Dynasty,is what Americans love to eat because it is sweet,fried.Obviously,the recipe 13 (change) a lot to suit different regional tastes,leading to variations in the cooking method used.
B
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as a great icebreaker for a foreign language learner 14 tries to start friendships with native speakers. However,when 15 (study)a foreign language,a beginner always considers jokes hard to understand.Most of the time,jokes are only funny for people who share acultural background or understand humor in the same way.And there is 16 (much) to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.
C
The dinner party is 17 threat,announced a recent lifestyle column in The Times.You might wonder,"How can this be Don't we throw parties for friends on special occasions "But 18 The Times worries about is another kind of disappearing.It is usually hosted in one's home.Invitations 19 (send)out weeks in advance and the hosts prepare food 20 (careful).Yet nowadays,people prefer to eat takeout food on their sofa while juggling a mobile phone and a remote control.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In Thailand,human-elephant conflict is increasing.To local farmers,elephants threaten their safety and economic livelihood.
Bring the Elephant Home (BTEH)is a non-profit organisation whose mission is to increase chances of survival for elephants and work towards a world in which people and elephants can live in harmony,benefting from each other's existence.BTEH's projects root in local communities.Their work is characterised by three principles:local involvement,a healthy ecology,and benefits for people and elephants simultaneously(同时地).They lead to shared decision making,ownership of local communities,sustainability,and a peaceful coexistence of people and animals.
A group of BTEH researchers and local farmer volunteers are experimenting with how to make the plantations less appealing to elephants and prevent them from coming into the farms.And the Tom Yum Project comes into being.
The name of the Tom Yum Project comes from the Thai soup.The ingredients (原料) for the soup are chilli,garlic,lemongrass,and onion—none of which are attractive to elephants.This project gives hope to alternative crops as a solution to human-elephant conflict in Thailand.The project works in the following steps.
The Tom Yum Project is the first research and community-based alternative crop planting initiative to promote human-elephant coexistence.Now,some similar projects will be carried out in Sri Lanka.
21.According to the passage,BTEH's mission is to
A.develop rural communities B.create healthy environments
C.improve local economic livelihood D.promote human-elephant coexistence
22.In the Tom Yum Project,researchers and local farmers
A.form some guarding teams B.volunteer to collect ingredients
C.experiment with alternative crops D.provide elephants with the Thai soup
23.In which step do farmers turn the harvested crops into organic honey or teas
A.Step 2. B.Step 3. C.Step 4. D.Step 5.
B
Two-Man Ironman
On Sept.17,2022,Jeff and his son,Johnny,set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman competition,where competitors must complete a 140 miles of swimming. bicycling and running in under 17 hours.Not that long ago,Johnny could barely walk a few steps because he was born with cerebral palsy(脑瘫).But his dream of being a runner never stopped.
From the day Johnny was born,Jeff refused to let his son's disability hold him back. Determined to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete,Jeff helped him engage in running.They began waking up at 4 a.m.so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair.Every morning,they drove themselves to run increasingly longer distances.Soon,they were entering 5K races,then on to Ironman competition.Jeff would act as Johnny's arms and legs,carrying the weight of his son throughout the race.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim.Settling Johnny into a kayak,Jeff eased himself into the water.Swimming while dragging another person was very tough.But worst of all,Jeff had to struggle with jellyfish."I occupied my mind by counting the number of times I got stung(蛰),"he says.
After the two men completed the tough bike section in roughly nine hours,they set their sights on the final leg of the race—a 26.2-mile marathon.They'd been competing for 10.5 hours,leaving another 6.5 hours to make their time.But at Mile 19,Johnny saw the clock ticking down and worried they wouldn't make the cutoff.Despite the tiredness,Jeff was convinced they were going all right and then picked up the pace.
With minutes left and 200 feet to the finish line,Jeff stopped to help Johnny out of his racing chair and handed him his rolling walker.After years of painstaking work, Johnny was determined to finish his races on his own.After 16 hours,55 minutes and 35seconds,the father and son crossed the finish line together.
As the crowd cheered on an overwhelmed Johnny,a weary Jeff kept a low profle. “My father didn't want his finish line moment,"says Johnny,tears in eyes.“He wanted it to be mine.”
24.Why did Jeff lead Johnny to running
A.To get closer to Johnny. B.To fulfill Johnny's dream.
C.To discover Johnny's interest. D.To speed up Johnny's recovery.
25.What challenged Jeff most in the swimming race
A.Lack of energy. B.Pain from injuries.
C.Mental tiredness. D.Body weight change.
26.Which of the following can best describe Johnny according to the passage
A.Strong-willed and grateful. B.Warm-hearted and sensitive.
C.Patient and generous. D.Tough and humorous.
27.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.Actions speak louder than words. B.Fathers are not born;they are made.
C.The value of a loving father has no price. D.Success comes from failures along the journey.
C
Time is one of humanity's greatest blind spots.We experience it as days,months. or years.But nature functions on much grander scales,measured in centuries,and even longer phases often grouped as “deep time.”Humanity's shortsightedness around time creates major limits on modern conservation.As the climate and biodiversity crises accelerate,we are urgently working to protect and regenerate ecosystems without understanding how they functioned when they were truly doing well.A deep time perspective can help change that.
Take forest management.For decades,our practices called for all-out prevention of even the mildest forest fires,believing that fire was bad for both people and nonhuman nature.Until recently we ignored the forest management strategies indigenous (土著的) communities had successfully used for centuries,in particular the application of small- scale controlled burns.Fire,it turns out,has always been an integral ingredient in healthy forest ecosystems,promoting new growth by thinning the understory.Today,we're beginning to see widespread application of indigenous knowledge to forest management,tapping into this ancient wisdom.
But how can we know what an ecosystem looked like centuries ago One pathway is through modern mathematical modeling.We have married it with streams of long-term data and discovered a possible way to preserve the ecosystem of California's kelp forest By examining how North Pacific kelp forests existed long before the 19th century,we found that we've ignored the presence of a keystone species—the Steller's sea cow,and its role in maintaining the harmony of this ecosystem.
Our model described the interactions between giant kelp and understory algae competing for light and space on the seafloor.Then we ran the model again,but this time with the Steller's sea cow added in.These mammals fed on the leaves from the upper kelp layers.Thisallowed light to reach the sea bottom,which in turn stimulated the growth of not only the kelp but other kinds of organisms.In re-creating that vanished historical system that included the Steller's sea cow,we could see a more diverse forestwhere the understory competed better with kelp
In short,what we assume we know about an ecosystem based on the recent pastmay impede our ability to fully understand and protect it.To ensure that our boldest conservation efforts are successful,we must begin looking at time as an essential tool
28.According to the passage,what gets in the way of human's conservation efforts
A.Lack of insights into deep time B.The worsening of biodiversity crises
C.The blindness to management strategies. D.Resistance to taking a deep time perspective.
29.What can we learn from the passage
A.Ignoring the Steller's sea cow led to ecological imbalance.
B.People now prioritize fire prevention over controlled burns.
C.Mathematical modeling matters more than indigenous knowledge
D.Harvesting upper kelp leaves encourages fresh growth in the understory.
30.What does the underlined word"impede"in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Bring forth. B.Boost up. C.Shut down. D.Hold back.
D
Several dozen graduate students in London were recently tasked with outwitting a large language model (LLM),a type of AI designed to hold useful conversations.LLMs are often programmed with guardrails designed to stop them giving harmful replies: instructions on making bombs in a bathtub,say,or the confident statement of "facts"that are not actually true.
The aim of the task was to break those guardrails.Some results were merely stupid. For example,one participant got the chatbot to claim ducks could be used as indicators of air quality.But the most successful efforts were those that made the machine produce the titles,publication dates and host journals of non-existent academic articles.
AI has the potential to be a big benefit to science.Optimists talk of machines producing readable summaries of complicated areas of research;tirelessly analysing oceans of data to suggest new drugs and even,one day,coming up with hypotheses of their own.But AI comes with downsides, too.
Start with the simplest problem:academic misconduct.Some journals allow researchers to use LLMs to help write papers.But not everybody is willing to admit to it.Sometimes, the fact that LLMs have been used is obvious.Guillaume Cabanac,a computer scientist,has uncovered dozens of papers that contain phrases such as "regenerate response"-the text of a button in some versions of ChatGPT that commands the program to rewrite its most recent answer,probably copied into the manuscript(原稿)by mistake.
Another problem arises when AI models are trained on AI-generated data.LLMs are trained on text from the Internet.As they churn out(大量炮制)more such text,the risk of LLMs taking in their own outputs grows.That can cause"model collapse".In 2023 llia Shumailov,a computer scientist,co-authored a paper in which a model was fed handwritten digits and asked to generate digits of its own,which were fed back to it in turn.After a few cycles,the computer's numbers became more or less illegible.After 20iterations (迭代),it could produce only rough circles or blurry lines.
Some worry that computer-generated insights might come from models whose inner workings are not understood.Inexplainable models are not useless,says David Leslie at an AI-research outfit in London,but their outputs will need rigorous testing in the real world.That is perhaps less unnerving than it sounds.Checking models against reality is what science is supposed to be about,after all.
For now,at least,questions outnumber answers.The threats that machines pose to the scientific method are,at the end of the day,the same ones posed by humans.AI couldaccelerate the production of nonsense just as much as it accelerates good science.As the Royal Society has it,nullius in verba:take nobody's word for it.No thing's,either.
31.The result of the task conducted in London shows that
A.LLMs give away useful information B.the guardrails turn out to be ineffective
C.AI's influence will potentially be decreased D.the effort put into the study of AI hardly pays off
32.What does"model collapse"indicate
A.The readability of the models'output is underestimated.
B.The diverse sources of information confuse the models.
C.Training on regenerated data stops models working well.
D.The data will become reliable after continuous iterations.
33.According to the passage,people's worry over the inexplainable models is
A.impractical B.unjustified C.groundless D.unsettling
34.What would be the best title for the passage
A.Faster Nonsense:AI Could Also Go Wrong
B.Imperfect Models:How Will AI Make Advances
C.The Rise of LLMs:AI Could Still Be Promising
D.Bigger Threats:AI Will Be Uncontrollable
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Find your passion!”When discussing future career options or selecting a major in college,your parents often say this.The very expression is meant to inspire.But is it
good advice
“Finding”a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered.Unfortunately,this idea is not what science tells us. 35
To study this,researchers use a framework of "fixed"and"growth"mindsets.They argue that encouraging people to “find”their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are inborn and relatively unchangeable. 36 In contrast,people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.
Researchers have revealed that a fixed mindset of interest can decrease creativity.If people believe they are limited to only a few inborn interests and,in consequence,do not explore other areas,they may miss seeing important connections across domains. 37
Evidently,people can do a lot to embrace a growth mindset of interest.First,realize that your interests and passions aren't pre-existing.Take an active role in developing your passions. Second, practise positive self-talk.When you lack interest in a new task, pay attention to your inner dialogue. 38 For example,change“I'm not interested in this”to“I'm not interested in this yet,but I know that interest can develop with time and engagement.”
39 But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The science tells us we should work toward loving what we do.We might become more creative and resilient as a result.
A.So can a growth mindset of interest be taught
B.Instead passions,like interests,are developed.
C.People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.
D.Of course,not every activity will become a burning passion.
E.As such,seeing interests as fixed limits their creative potential.
F.Don't expect that pursuing new interests will always be easy or exciting.
G.Replace self-critical thoughts with positive ones that encourage growth and learning.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school,Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and interacted with each other.Gradually,she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her,laughing at their jokes,nodding in agreement with their opinions,hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her to be We've all done these.This is social masking,the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves,you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking."Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included," says psychologist Dipti Tait.“It's a tribal(群体的)thing of being together rather than being onour own.We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference."While masking can help us deal with social situations,it can also come with negative consequences.Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation,disconnection,and internal conflict.As a result,we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.
Fortunately,a mask is not our own skin.We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves."The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,"says Tait."It's crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are,rather than feeling like they need to hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
40.What is social masking
41.Why do many of us rely on social masking
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
>When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal,they will feel less depressed.
In addition to masking,what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment (In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友 Chris 想了解不同颜色在中国文化中
的涵义。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.颜色及其涵义；
2.生活中的实例。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
2024届北京市东城区等5区高三下学期一模
英语参考答案2024.03
第一部分知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5,共15分)
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A
6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分)
11.countries 12.named 13.has changed/changes
14.who 15.studying 16.more 17.under
18.what 19.are sent 20.carefully
第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
21.D 22.C 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.C
28.A 29.D 30.D 31.B 32.C 33.B 34.A
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
35.B 36.C 37.E 38.G 39.D
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
40.It is the process of holding back or hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.
41.Because we as a species want to be included./It's a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own./We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from exposure and difference./Because as a species everyone wants to be included rather than being on their own or being exposed and different.
42. When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal,they will feel less depressed.
They will feel more depressed./They may experience a heightened and increased possibility of developing depression.
43.略
第二节(共20分)
Dear Chris,
I hope you are doing great!Knowing that you are interested in the implication of colors
in Chinese culture,I am writing to share my ideas with you.
In our culture,many colors hold deep symbolic meanings.For instance,red,the color of celebration and joy,symbolizes good luck and prosperity.Black,on the other hand,embodiesa sense of depth and mystery,which often lends a mysterious touch.
These symbolic meanings are reflected in various aspects in our daily lives.Take black for example.In art forms like ink painting and calligraphy,black ink is used skillfully to convey a sense of harmony and balance.In traditional martial arts,black is also a sign of inner exploration.
How do colors play a role in your culture Looking forward to your reply.
Yours:
Li Hua

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