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中考英语不定式详解以及练习
一．不定式详解
不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其基本结构为“to+动词原形”。在句子中，不定式可以担任多种角色，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1）不定式作主语：不定式作主语时，常常用来表达一个具体的动作或行为。为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常会使用“it”作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）放在句尾。
例句：To speak English fluently is everyone's goal.（流利地说英语是每个人的目标。）
例句：It is important to learn a second language.（学习第二语言是重要的。）
2）不定式作表语：不定式作表语时，通常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的特征、性质或状态。
例句：My dream is to become a teacher.（我的梦想是成为一名教师。）
3）不定式作宾语：许多动词后面可以接不定式作为宾语，表示该动作的目的、意图或结果。
例句：I want to buy a new book.（我想买一本新书。）
例句：She decided to travel abroad after graduation.（她决定毕业后出国旅行。）
4）不定式作宾语补足语：在句子中，不定式可以作为宾语补足语，进一步说明宾语的动作或状态。
例句：The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.（老师要求我们按时完成作业。）
5）不定式作定语：不定式作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，用来描述该名词或代词的特征或目的。
例句：I have a plan to visit the museum next week.（我计划下周参观博物馆。）
6）不定式作状语：不定式可以作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件等。
例句：She got up early to catch the first bus.（她早起是为了赶第一班车。）
例句：I'm so tired that I have to stop to rest.（我太累了，得停下来休息。）
7)中考英语中，与不定式相关的重点句型是一个重要的考点。以下是一些常见的与不定式相关的重点句型总结：
It's time to do sth.
这个句型用于表达“是时候做某事了”。例如：
It's time to start our lesson. （是时候开始上课了。）
can't wait to do sth.
这个句型用于表达“迫不及待要做某事”。例如：
I can't wait to see the movie. （我迫不及待地想看电影。）
ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.
这个句型用于表示“要求/告诉某人（不）做某事”。例如：
My teacher told me not to be late for class. （老师告诉我不要上课迟到。）
allow sb. to do sth.
这个句型用于表示“允许某人做某事”。例如：
My parents allow me to play outside for an hour. （我父母允许我在外面玩一个小时。）
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
这个句型用于表达“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。例如：
I prefer to read a book rather than watch TV. （我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。）
too…to…
这个句型表示“太……而不能……”。例如：
He is too tired to walk any further. （他太累了，不能再走了。）
…enough to…
这个句型用于表示“……足够……”。例如：
He is old enough to go to school. （他足够大了，可以上学了。）
Why don't you + 省略to的不定式 = Why not + 省略to的不定式
这两个句型用于提出建议或询问原因。例如：
Why don't you take a break = Why not take a break （你为什么不休息一下呢？）
had better + (not) + 省略to的不定式
这个句型用于提出建议或忠告。例如：
You had better not stay up late. （你最好不要熬夜。）
Will you please + 省略to的不定式
这个句型用于礼貌地请求或询问对方是否愿意做某事。例如：
Will you please pass me the book （请你把书递给我好吗？）
二．练习
1）单项选择题
1.Our teacher encourages us ________ part in different kinds of after-class activities.
A. to take B. taking C. take
2.He seems _______ the old lady.
A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known
3.— What did the teacher say just now
— He asked us ________ more attention to our pronunciation.
A. to pay B. pay C. paying D. paid
4.It’s very important for us ________ English well.
A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learned
5.She decided ________ a doctor when she grows up.
A. to be B. being C. be D. is
2）填空题
I have a lot of homework _________. (to do)
The teacher told us _________ in the street. (not to play)
My dream is _________ a famous writer. (to become)
It’s time _________ (go) to bed.
I would like _________ (visit) the Great Wall next summer.
3）根据句意完成句子
1.我计划这个周末去看望我的祖父母。（Plan to visit）
I _______ _______ _______ visit my grandparents this weekend.
2.请不要忘记提醒我明天带雨伞。（Forget to remind）
Please don’t _______ _______ _______ me to take an umbrella tomorrow.
4)语法填空
Once upon a time, there was a young boy named Tom. He ____(dream) of becoming a great athlete. Tom was always full of energy and ____(will) to try new things. His parents encouraged him ____(pursue) his dreams, no matter how challenging they might be.One day, Tom saw a poster advertising a running competition. He decided ____(join) it as a way to test his endurance and speed. However, he had never run a race before, so he was not sure how ____(prepare) for it.Tom began ____(train) hard every day. He woke up early in the morning and ran several miles before breakfast. After school, he would spend hours practicing his running techniques. He was determined ____(win) the competition and make his parents proud.As the day of the competition drew near, Tom felt nervous but excited. He knew he had ____(do) his best, and he was ready ____(face) the challenge.On the day of the competition, Tom gave it his all. He ran as fast as he could and never gave up. In the end, he didn't win the first place, but he finished in the top ten. More importantly, he learned the value of hard work and ____(never give up) on his dreams.
dreamed：句子描述的是过去的事情，所以用过去式“dreamed”。意思是“他梦想成为一名伟大的运动员”。
willing：be willing to do sth. 是一个固定搭配，表示“愿意做某事”。所以这里填“willing”。
to pursue：encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“鼓励某人做某事”。所以这里填不定式“to pursue”。
to join：decide to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”。所以这里填不定式“to join”。
to prepare：how to do sth. 是询问如何做某事的句型，所以这里填不定式“to prepare”。
training：begin doing sth. 是固定搭配，表示“开始做某事”。而“train”的动名词形式是“training”。
to win：be determined to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“决心做某事”。所以这里填不定式“to win”。
done：have done sth. 表示“已经做了某事”。在这里，填“done”作为过去分词，与前面的助动词“had”构成现在完成时。
to face：be ready to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“准备好做某事”。所以这里填不定式“to face”。
never giving up：and 连接两个并列的宾语，前面是“the value of hard work”，后面也应是名词性短语。而“never give up”转换为名词性短语是“never giving up”，表示“永不放弃”。

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