第14讲 八年级下Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(解析版)

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第14讲 八年级下Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(解析版)

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第14讲 八年级下 Unit 8--10
重点单词 treasure [ tre ] n. 财宝,财富 island [ a l nd] n. 岛屿 classic [ kl s k] n. 经典著作,名著 page [pe d ] n. (书或纸张的)页,面,张 hurry ['h r ] v. 匆忙,赶快 due [dju:] adj. 预期的,到期的 tool [tu:l] n. 工具 mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分数,记号;作标记 sand [s nd] n. 沙滩,沙 towards [t w :dz] prep. 向着,朝着,对于,关于 land [l nd] n. & v. 陆地,大地,国土;着陆 fiction [ f k n] n. 小说,虚构,编造 technology [tek n l d ] n. 科技,工艺 pop [p p] n. 流行音乐 rock [rɑk] n. 岩石,摇滚乐 band [b nd] n. 乐队 forever [f r ev (r)] adv. 永远 abroad [ br :d] adv. 在国外,到国外 actually[ kt li] adv.真实地,实际上,说实在的 fan [f n] n. 风扇;粉丝;狂热爱好者 southern [ s n] adj. 南方的 modern [ m d n] adj. 现代的,现代化的 success [s k'ses] n. 成功 belong [bi l ] v. 属于 laughter [ lɑ:ft (r)] n. 笑,笑声 beauty [ bju:ti] n. 美丽,美好的事物 million [ milj n] num. 百万 record ['rek :d] n. & v. 记录,唱片;录制,录音 introduce [ ntr dju:s] v. 介绍,传入,引进 line [lain] n. 排,队,列 amusement / 'mju:zm nt/ n. 娱乐; 游戏 somewhere /'s mwe / adv. 在某处; 到某处 camera /'k m r / n. 照相机; 摄影机; 摄像机 invention / n'ven n/ n. 发明物 invent / n'vent/ v. 发明; 创造 unbelievable / nb 'li:v bl/ adj. 难以置信的; 不真实的 progress /'pr gres, pr 'gres/ n. 进步; 进展 rapid /'r p d/ adj. 迅速的; 快速的 unusual / n'ju: l/ adj. 特别的; 不寻常的 toilet /'t l t/ n. 坐便器; 厕所 encourage / n'k r d / v. 鼓励 social /'s l/ adj. 社会的 peaceful /'pi:sf l/ adj. 和平的; 安宁的 performance /p 'f :m ns/ n. 表演; 演出 perfect /'p :f kt, 'p :fekt/ adj. 完美的; 完全的 collect /k 'lekt/ v. 收集; 采集 German /'d :m n/ adj. 德国的; 德语的; 德国人的n. 德语; 德国人 theme /θi:m/ n. 主题 ride /ra d/ n. 供乘骑的游乐设施; 短途旅程 province /'pr v ns/ n. 省份 thousand /'θa z nd/ num. 一千 safe /se f/ adj. 安全的; 无危险的 simply /'s mpl / adv. 仅仅; 只; 不过 fear /f (r)/v. & n.害怕; 惧怕 whether /'we / conj. 不管......;还是); 或者......(或者); 是否 Indian /' nd n/ adj.印度的 n. 印度人 Japanese /'d p 'ni:z/ adj.;日本的; 日本人的; 日语的n. 日本人; 日语 equator / 'kwe t / n. 赤道 whenever /wen'ev / conj. 在任何......时候; 无论何时 mostly /'m stl / adv. 主要地; 通常 location /l 'ke n/ n. 地点; 位置 yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子 sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的,糖果 memory [ mem r ] n. 记忆,记忆力,回忆 maker [ me k (r)] n. 生产者,制造者 scarf [skɑ:f] n. 围巾,披巾,头巾 soft [s ft] adj. 柔软的 check [t ek] n. & v. 餐馆账单;检查 board [b :d] n. 板子,甲板 junior [ d u:n (r)] adj. 地位低下的 clear [kl ] adj. 清晰的,清澈的 bedroom [ bedru:m] n. 卧室 own [ un] adj. 属于自己的 railway [ re lwe ] n. 铁路,铁道 part [pɑ:t] n. 部分,零部件 certain [ s :tn] adj. 某一,确定的,无疑的 honest [ n st] adj. 诚实的,正直的 while [wail] conj. 当...时候,一段时间,一会儿 truthful [ tru:θfl] adj. 诚实的,真实的 hometown [ h mta n] n. 家乡,故乡 nowadays [ na de z] adv. 现今,现在,目前 search [s :t ] v. 搜索,搜查 among [ m ] prep. 在其中…之一 shame [ e m] n. 羞耻 regard [r 'ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 致敬,问候;将…视为 count [kaunt] n. & v. 计算,计数;有价值 century ['sent r ] n. 世纪,百年 according [ 'k :d ] adv. 依照,按照 opposite [ p zit]在…对面,与…相对;对面的 especially [ spe li] adv. 特别,尤其 childhood [ t a ldh d] n. 孩童时期 consider [k n sid ] v. 仔细考虑,思考,注视, hold [h uld] v. 拥有,抓住
词汇拓展 classic n. 经典著作,名著→classic adj.经典的 hurry v. 匆忙,赶快→hurry n.匆忙 *hurry up 赶快,急忙(做某事) *hurry to do急匆匆做某事 *in a hurry 匆忙 due adj. 预期的,到期的 *due to由于 French n.& adj.法语,法国人(的)→France n.法国 actually adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的→actual adj.真实的;实施的 success n.成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地→succeed v.成功 belong v. 属于 *belong to sb 属于某人 laughter n.笑,笑声→laugh v.大笑 *laugh at嘲笑 beauty n. 美丽,美好的事物→ beautiful adj. →beautifully adv.美丽地 million num. 百万 *millions of 数百万的 introduce v.介绍,传入,引进→introduction n.介绍 *introduce sb/sth to sb/sth把...介绍给... amusement n. 娱乐,游戏→ amuse v.逗乐;(使)娱乐→amused adj.感到好笑的→ amusing adj.有趣的 *amusement park 游乐场 invent v. 发明; 创造→invention n. 发明物→inventor n.发明家 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的; 不真实的→believable adj.可相信的→believe v.相信 progress n.进步; 进展 *make progress取得进步 rapid adj.迅速的; 快速的→rapidly adv.迅速地 unusual adj. 特别的; 不寻常的→usual adj.寻常的→usually adv.经常地 *as usual和往常一样 encourage v. 鼓励→encouragement n.鼓励→courage n.勇气 *encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 social adj. 社会的→society n.社会 peaceful adj. 和平的; 安宁的→peace n.和平 *in peace 处于和平 performance n. 表演; 演出→perform v.表演→performer n.表演者 perfect adj.完美的;完全的→perfect v.(使)完善 collect v. 收集; 采集→ collection n.收藏品 German adj. 德国的; 德语的; 德国人的n. 德语; 德国人→ Germany n.德国 ride n. 供乘骑的游乐设施; 短途旅程→ ride v.骑马,骑车;乘坐 *ride a bike 骑自行车 *a bus ride 公交车之旅 safe adj. 安全的; 无危险的→ safety n.安全 Indian adj.印度的 n. 印度人→ India n.印度 Japanese adj.;日本的; 日本人的; 日语的n. 日本人; 日语→ Japan n.日本 location n. 地点; 位置→ locate v.位于 *be located in memory n. 记忆,记忆力,回忆→ memorize v.记忆 scarf n. 围巾,披巾,头巾→ scarves pl. check n. & v. 餐馆账单;检查 *check out 察看,观察;结账;退房 *check in 办理入住;办理登记手续 clear adj. 清晰的,清澈的→clear v.清理 clear out 清理,清除掉 own adj. 属于自己的→own v.拥有→owner n.主人 honest adj. 诚实的,正直的→honesty n.诚实 to be honest 说实在的 truthful adj. 诚实的,真实的→truth n.事实;真相;真理→true adj.真实的→truly adv.真实地 shame n. 羞耻→shameful adj.丢脸的;可耻的→shamed adj.羞愧的;惭愧的 consider v. 仔细考虑,思考,注视→considerate adj.体贴的→consideration n.考虑 *consider doing 考虑做某事 *take sth into consideration 考虑到;顾及到 hold v. 拥有,抓住→held vp.→held vpp. especially adv. 特别,尤其→especial adj.尤其的;特别的 according adv. 依照,按照 *according to 根据
重点短语 1.on page 25 在第25页 2. the back of the book 书的背面 3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙 4. in two weeks 在两周之内 5. go out to sea 出海 6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿 7. write about 写作关于……的内容 8. finish doing sth. 做完某事 9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来 10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 11. at the end of the day傍晚的时候 12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前 13. the marks of another man’s feet 另一个人的脚印 14. not long after that 不久之后 15. run towards sp. 跑向某地 16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事 17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记 18. enjoy success in享受……的成功 19. science fiction 科幻小说 20. can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法 22. the number of people 人数 23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事 24. study abroad 在国外学习 25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 e to realize 开始意识到 27. ever since then 自从那时起 28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区 29. belong to 属于 30. be kind to each other 善待彼此 31. trust one another 互相信任 32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美 33. have been to sp. 去过某地 34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究 35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事 37. the first line in the song歌曲的第一行 38.right now 现在,目前 39. Walk around the park 在公园里到处走 40. hear of 听说 41. take a ride 兜风 42. another province 另一个省 44. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 45. on the one hand....on the other hand 一方面,另一方面 46. learn about sth 了解有关.....的情况 47. on the weekend 在周末 48.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营 49.put up a tent 搭帐篷 50.in such a rapid way 以如此速猛的方式 51.different kinds of 各种各样的 52.social groups 社会团体 53.the tea art performances 茶艺表演 54.Thousands of 数以千计的 55.three quarters 四分之三 56. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家 57. all year round 一年到头,终年 58.be far from 离......远 59.in the dark 在黑暗中 60. in the past 在过去 61.have been to sp 去过某地 62.have a problem doing sth 做某事很困难 63.during the daytime 在白天 64. a couple of times 好几次 65.go somewhere different 去不同的地方 66.go skating 去滑冰 67.take the subway 坐地铁 68.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon 一个过周六下午的好办法 69. these days 目前,现在 70.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 71. in order to 为了 72.so far 迄今,到目前为止 73. in need 需要 74. not...any more 不再..... 75. welcome to sp 欢迎来到..... 76.check out 察看,观察 77. board games 棋类游戏 78. junior high school 初级中学 79.clear out 清理 80. no longer 不再 81. part with 与.....分开 82. to be honest 说实在的 83. ride a bike 骑自行车 84. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会 85. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆 86. give away 捐赠 87. play for a while 玩一会 88. do with 处理,处置 89. search for work 找工作 90.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里 91. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期 92. stay the same 保持原状 93. according to 依照,按照 94. in one’s opinion 依......看 95. in my time 在我那个年代
重点句型 1.— Have you read little Women yet — Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet — Yes, she has. She thinks it 's fantastic. 3. Would you like something to drink 4. I heard you lost your key. 5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 6. Have you ever been to a science museum 7.Let's go somewhere different today. 8. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way. 9. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore! 10.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 11. It is best to visit Singapore. 12. Have long have you had that bike over there 13. Amy has had her favorite book for three years . 14. He has owned it since his fourth birthday. 15. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 16. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 17. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things 18. What would you do with the memory you raise
知识点
◆考点1 When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family.
此句是when引导的时间状语从句,used to do 表示过做某事,可用此词组代词过去时态。如:
He was a doctor.=He used to be a doctor.他曾是一名医生。
【辨析】used to do,be used to doing 和be used to do
used to do sth 表示过去常常做某事,表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态 to为不定式符号 I used to listen to music before sleeping. 我过去常常在睡觉前听音乐。
be used to sth/ doing sth 意为“习惯于”。 to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词 I am used to traveling on holidays. 我习惯在假期旅游。
be used to do sth 被用来做某事 to为不定式符号,相当于be used for doing sth.。 The machine is used to cut things. The machine is used for cutting things. 这台机器是用来切割东西的。
辨析:
There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
My father is used to living in the village.我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
Scissors are used to cut paper.剪刀被用来剪纸。
◆考点2 While she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio.
本句是while引导的时间状语从句,后跟过去进行时was/were doing.
full of feelings...表示充满;充斥着...情感
on the radio 在广播上,类似的词组on TV;on the computer; on Internet等。例句:
He often watches basketball games on TV on the weekend.
◆考点3 Have you decided which book to write about yet
yet表示“已经”用于现在完成时的否定结构和疑问句结构,对应already表示“已经”用于肯定句.如;
I have already been to Paris.我已经去过巴黎了。
I haven’t watched the movie yet.我还没有看过这部电影
【辨析】
Have you made your leaning plan yet
I have already had my dinner. So I am full now.
◆考点4 One of them died but the other ran towards my house.
one of 表示“...之一”共有三个考点:后面的名词复数形式;形容词最高级;整个词组做单数,如
Spring festival is one of the most important festivals in China.春节是中国最重要的节日之一。
◆考点5 Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it's about?
1)at least 表示至少,least是little的最高级。
Jane must have slept at least 10 hours yesterday.Jane昨天一定睡了至少10小时。
the back of the book 表示书的尾声
to see 这里to do 不定式表目的,如 I stayed up last night to finish my paper.我昨天熬夜去完成我的论文。
◆考点6 I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.
wonder作及物动词,意为“想知道;对……感到怀疑”,常见的用法有:
(1)后接who,what,why,where 等引导的宾语从句。
I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。
She wondered what the child was doing.她感到疑惑,孩子究竟在干什么。
I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安为什么迟到了。
(2)后接 that 引导的宾语从句,表示“对……感到惊讶”, that常可省去。
I wonder (that) she has won the race. 我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。
(3)后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句,常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.她想知道你那天上午是否有空。
I wonder if he will succeed. 我不知道他会不会成功。
◆精题巧练
1. —Many students did well in this exam. I wonder ________.
—Through their own efforts.
A. why did they get a success B. what they learned from it
C. whether they tried their best D. how they made it finally
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——许多学生这次考试考得很好。我不知道他们最后是怎么做到的。——通过自己的努力。根据“Through their own efforts”可知此处询问是如何考好的,用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
◆考点7 Let’s go to one tomorrow.
let意为“让,允许”, 表示 “让(允许)某人做某事”应该说“let sb. do sth.”,不能说“let sb. to do sth.”。例如:
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
His mother doesn’t let him go out at night. 他母亲不让他晚上出去。
let’s…是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型,let’s是let us的缩写形式。例如:
Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。
Let’s play basketball after school. 咱们放学后打篮球吧。
【拓展】
let’s 与let us在用法上略有区别。
在表示向对方提出建议,涉及双方的共同行为时,let us可以缩写成let’s;而表示请求对方允许做某事,不涉及对方行为时,let us不能缩写成let’s。例如:
Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。
Let us know your telephone number
请把你的电话号码告诉我们。(Let us 不能缩写成Let’s)
【注意】
以Let’s开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候,后面的附加疑问句用“shall we?”,因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了;以Let us开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候,后面的附加疑问句用“will you ”, 因为Let us不包括对方。
◆精题巧练
【2023河北省】8. Some students ________ Taiji over there. Let’s go and join them.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:有些学生在那边打太极。让我们去加入他们吧。根据“Let’s go and join them.”可知他们正在打太极,可以去加入他们,故时态用现在进行时(am/is/are doing)。故选C。
◆考点8 It’s really interesting, isn’t it
It’s really interesting, isn’t it 是反意疑问句,表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用yes或no来进行回答。
反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是由be,have,助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。例如:
He is old, isn’t he 他老了,不是吗?
He never went there, did he 他从没有去过那里,是吗?
无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”。例如:
—The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isn’t she 那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗?
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在帮。
—No, she isn’t. 不,她没有帮。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020西藏)20.There is something wrong with your bike, ______
A.is there B.is it C.isn’t there D.isn’t it
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你的自行车有点问题,对吧?
考查反意疑问句。陈述部分为there be结构时,则反意疑问句部分用be(not)there,本句前面是肯定陈述句,所以反意疑问句用否定问句,所以用isn’t there。故选C。
2.(2020广西柳州)4.It is a lovely dog. _______
A.aren't they B.doesn't it C.isn't it
【答案】C
【解析】句意:它是一条可爱的狗,不是吗?
考查反意疑问句。陈述句部分为肯定,则疑问句部分为否定,陈述句部分含be动词is,主语为it,所以否定疑问句为isn't it。故选C。
◆考点9 The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.
how to make a perfect cup of tea是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”,在句子中作动词show的宾语。相当于特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:
I don’t know what to do =I don’t know what I can do next.
我不知道下一步做什么。
【拓展】
疑问词what,which,how,where,when等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语。“疑问词+动词不定式”可以做主语、宾语、表语等。例如:
When to start off hasn’t been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没决定。(做主语)
The question is which bus to take. 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。(做表语)
“疑问词+动词不定式”可以由名词从句简化而来。
I don’t know what I should say. → I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说些什么。
◆考点10 Because I don’t read it any more.
not…any more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,any more常位于句末,相当于no more。no more常位于句中,放在be动词之后,实义动词之前,两者经常可以互换。例如:
He doesn’t live here any more. = He no more lives here.
他不再住在这里了。
【拓展】
表示“不再”的词还有not…any longer或no longer。二者的区别在于:
(1) not…any more = no more,表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加,通常修饰终止性动词。例如:
The baby isn’t crying any more. = The baby is no more crying. 这个婴儿不再哭了。
(2) no longer = not…any longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长,通常修饰延续性的动词。例如:
I can’t stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。
◆考点11 Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”,to do sth.为句子的真正的主语,而it为形式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替,句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”。例如:
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说,学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说,多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别:
(1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中,for sb.意为“对某人来说”,句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的,形式主语只能用it。例如:
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说,做些家务是十分必要的。
(2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”,句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构,即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如:
It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
◆精题巧练
◆考点12 Jim has been in Japan for three days.
(1) been是be动词的过去分词形式。
(2) have been in 是be in的现在完成时形式,一般与段时间状语连用。例如:
He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月了。
◆考点13 But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.
这是一个复合句,some things至句末为宾语从句,作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的
两个分句,在第二个分句中,“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句,修饰先行词place。关
系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时,关系代词可用that或which,当关系代
词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词that或which也可省略。例如:
I like clothes that/which are unusual. 我喜欢与众不同的衣服。
Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday. 把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。
语法点
◆ 现在完成时☆☆☆☆
概念
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
基本用法
用法 示例
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 He has already obtained a scholarship. 他已经获得了一份奖学金。 I haven’t seen much of him recently. 我最近已经很久没有看到他。
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在也许还要持续下去,常和for, since连用。 Peter has written six papers for three years. 三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。 He has lived here since 2005. 自从2005年以来,他一直住在这儿。
句式结构
构成:have/has+vpp.
句型 机构
肯定句 主语+has/have + done+其它. I have already finished my homework.
否定句 主语+has/have +not+ done+其它. I haven’t finished my homework yet.
一般疑问句 Has/ Have+主语+done+其它 答语:Yes,主语+has/have. No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t Have you finished your homework yet Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Has/ Have+主语+done+其它 Where have you been
时间状语
8单词 already 已经(肯定句) just 刚刚 yet 已经(否定/疑问句) before 此前 ever 曾经 never 从不 many times 很多次 how long 多久 4“至今” so far up to now by now/this time until/till now
3“最近…” recently 最近 lately 最近 in the past/last few years/ months/ … 2“持续” for + 时间段 for three months since +时间点(句子、短语) since 1990 since I was born
过去分词变化
规则变化
情况 变形 示例
一般情况 加-ed work-worked;visit-visited
以不发音字母e结尾 加-d live-lived
辅音字母加y结尾 把y变i,加-ed study-studied;cry-cried
重读闭音节结尾 双写尾字母,再加-ed stop-stopped;drop-dropped
不规则变化
原型 过去式 过去分词
AAA型 burst hurt cut hit read burst hurt cut hit read burst hurt cut hit read
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 run come ran came run come
ABB型 bring buy catch feel find keep make teach tell think brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought
ABC型 begin break choose drive forget give know swim write began broke chose drove forgot gave knew swam wrote begun broken chosen driven forgotten given known swum written
延续性动词和非延续性动词的转变
在完成时中,一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词
非延续性→ 延续性 例子
v→ have been adj. die-have been dead;open-have been open
v.→ have been adv. leave-have been away
v.→ have been (prep.)+n start-have been on
v.1→ v.2 buy-have; borrow-keep
易混点
现在完成时和一般过去时辨析
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,一般和明确的表示过去的时间状语连用(yesterday, last week, in 1990…)。
He has lived here since 1993. 1993年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里。)
He lived here in 1993. 1993年他住在这里。
形近词组辨析
have/has gone to… 去了未归 --- 到某地去了(还没回来)
have/has been to… 去了已归 --- 去过某地(常搭配次数)
have/has been in… 在某地待了多久
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏扬州】5. I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have arrived in D. have been in
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:我来中国三个月了,这是我第一次穿汉服。have gone to去了(而且现在还在)某地;have been to去过了(而现在没在)某地; have arrived in已经到了,短暂性动词; have been in(现在)在某地。根据“for three months”可知,应是在中国三个月了,且应与延续性动词连用,故选D。
2.【2023四川凉山州】12. —Becky, we’re leaving in several minutes. Are you ready
—No, I ________ my clothes yet.
A. have packed B. haven’t packed C. didn’t pack
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——贝基,我们几分钟后就要走了。你准备好了吗?——不,我还没收拾衣服。根据“yet”可知本句用现在完成时,结合“No”可知还没有收拾好衣服,故选B。
3.【2023湖南省郴州】7. —Oh, I’m nearly lost in this city.
—Yeah. The city ________ a lot since you left.
A. has changed B. changed C. changes
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:——哦,我在这个城市几乎迷路了。——是的。自从你离开后,这个城市发生了很大的变化。根据“The city...a lot since you left.”可知,此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构,故选A。
4.【2023黑龙江绥化市】6. — How did you get to school yesterday
— I ________ my bike to school.
A. rode B. ride C. rides
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:——你昨天是怎么到学校的?——我骑自行车去学校。根据“How did you...”可知句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选A。
5.【2023湖北省武汉】6. —Who will talk about the development of American country music next week
—I suggest Brad. He ________ in Nashville, the home of country music, since he was a child.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:——下周是谁将会谈论关于美国乡村音乐的发展?——我建议布拉德。他从小住在乡村音乐之都——纳什维尔。根据“since he was a child.”可知,这里应用现在完成时。故选C。
6.【2023河北省】7. This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times.
A. reads B. has read C. is reading D. was reading
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:这本书一定很棒。我妹妹读了五遍。根据“My sister...it five times.”可知,强调动作已经完成的次数,用现在完成时,故选B。
7.【2023福建省】14. —Sally, I ________ the picture already.
—Wow, truly beautiful!
A. finish B. have finished C. was finishing
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:——莎莉,我已经画完了。——哇,真漂亮!根据“already”可知本句是现在完成时(have/has done)。故选B。
8.【2023湖北孝感市】7. — What do you think of the novel, Journey to the West
— It’s so exciting that I ________ it for three times.
A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:——你觉得这部小说《西游记》怎么样?——它太令人兴奋了,我已经读了三遍了。根据“It’s so exciting”及“for three times”可知,表示已经看过三次,此处应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”,主语为I,助动词用have,故选C。
9.【2023广西省】8. Yesterday I ________ basketball with my classmates. We had a good time.
A. will play B. play C. played
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:昨天我和我的同学打篮球。我们玩得很开心。根据“Yesterday”可知,时态是一般过去时,故选C。
10.【2023云南省】8. — ________ you ________ about Naxi Ancient Music yet
—Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture.
A. Has; heard B. Have; heard C. Did; hear D. Do; hear
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——听说过纳西族古代音乐吗?——是,我有。它是纳西族文化的一部分。根据“Yes, I have.”和“yet”可知问句也是现在完成时,且主语是you,助动词用have。故选B。

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