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实词之非谓语动词
(
一
非谓语的判断
)
在 06 专题中，我们提及到了语法填空中动词的做题方法。口诀如下：
填动词，看谓语。有谓语填非谓语，先看主被动，再看定义，最后看完成； 无谓语，填谓语，看三态，情态，语态和时态。
所以， 当句子中已经有谓语动词时， 该动词就不能按照谓语的做题方法进行， 此时就要 考虑非谓语，但笔者同时也要提醒各考生：当括号里所给动词有相应的词性变形时，要
考虑先变形。 我们看下例：
Here are 22 models of the carrier rockets in 10 (serve) in China, 16 of which are in the Long March family. 本题中，serve 就有相应的名词变法 service，也可以变成非谓语做宾语，那么我们就 要思考：本空缺少 in 这个介词后的宾语，那么 serve 有名词变法，则直接填名词做宾 语。
当该动词没有相应词性变形时， 我们就要使用非谓语动词， 顾名思义， 该动词除了不能 做谓语， 可以充当其余任何句子成分。但从词性上来说， 非谓语动词依然属于动词， 所 以也要从及物动词/不及物动词/双宾语动词三个角度去考虑， 因为涉及到了非谓语动词 是否有宾语， 带几个宾语， 以此判断句子是否完整， 这关乎到连词的判断。接下来我们
按照口诀来分析非谓语动词的做法。
我们来看几个特例来判断以下谓语和非谓语：
There （be） two large huamo enterprises and 12 cooperatives in Wenxi，with more than1，000 locals working for them, the annual output value has reached 10 million yuan so far. 分析：本句中， 已有谓语动词 has reached，且无连词，所以 be 一定要变形成非谓语的 形式。又因为为独立主格结构，所以用 being。
(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 分析：
visit 和 amaze 都是动词， 首要分析整句中有没有谓语动词。was 是谓语，但是是 how 引导的从句谓语，所以整句中缺少谓语，而如果 visit 是谓语，则缺少主语，所以要 让 amaze 充当谓语， 此刻要分析三态：没有情态动词， amaze 作为及物动词，缺少宾语， 所以一定是被动。最后分析时态，这是最容易出错的地方，前面出现了 over the last 10 years，所以大部分考生会填现在完成时。但事实上是， 这个标志词是非谓语 visit 的时间状语，所以 visit 要填 having visited。而 amaze 作为谓语，没有时间标志词， 分析时间和状态，为一般过去时，所以填 was amazed。
(
二
先看主被动——非谓语动词被动判断
)
同谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主被动之分， 谓语的被动形式为 be done；而非谓语 的被动形式基本型为 done，以此延伸出来 to be done 和 being done 两种形式。考生往 往会使用翻译法去判断主被动， 但事实上， 主被动语态要取决于动词是否及物以及句子
的翻译。笔者总结被动语态的判断口诀如下：
(
1. 及物动词被动无宾语，有宾语则一定不是被
动（双宾语除外）
2. 不及物动词无被动
3. 双宾语动词若只有一个宾语， 一定是被动
4. 逻辑主语判断
)
(1) 非谓语做定语修饰时，逻辑主语是其修饰的名词或代词 (2) 作状语时，逻辑主语是句子主语，除了独立主格结构 (3) 做宾语补足语时，逻辑主语是前面的宾语。
5. 过去分词做状语：逻辑主语是句子的主语表示被动
6. 过去分词做宾语补足语强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被
动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
(
表示“感觉
”的动词，
)
主要有 see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to 等。例如： When they got there，they found the house burnt down. 他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部烧毁。（房子已经被“烧掉 ”，强调结果。） I heard the song sung yesterday. 昨天我听到有人唱了那首歌。（ 歌被人“唱 ”。）
(
表示“心理状态
”的动词：
)
like; think; expect; want; wish 等。例如： The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked. 女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。 I wish my homework finished before five o’clock. 我希望 5 点前完成我的作业。 (作业被“完成 ”。)
表示“使役 ”的动词：
have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。 Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 (事情被“做 ”。) The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside. 老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注 意 ”。） 使役动词 have 接过去分词作宾补有两种意义，具体指那种意义，要根据上下语境来确 定。 过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。 1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。（虽然头发被理， 但这里指主 语“我 ”让理发师理发。） 2) 过去分词所表示的动作是指主语所经历的一件不好的事情。 He had his leg broken when he was playing football yesterday. 他昨天打足球的时候，腿被摔断了。
现在我们通过高考真题案例来分析主被动关系。
Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao ’s birthplace. 分析： 填动词， 看谓语， 本句中已经有谓语动词 may be，所以 recognize 作定语，但它没有形 容词形式，所以用非谓语动词作定语。先判断它与修饰词之间的主被动关系为被动， “被公认的小笼包之乡 ”，所以被动，用 recognized。
（2023 年全 国 乙 ）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads. 分析： 填动词看谓语，本句中已有谓语动词 is，所以 build 在无形容词变化的前提下用非谓 语动词做定语修饰 system，分析 build 和 system 的关系为被动，所以填 built。
(
to be
done 和
being
done
)
(1) 已经判断出是被动，但是表示将会被，用 to be done；表示正在，用 being done (2) 介词后只能用 being done (3) 遇到只能接 doing 或者 to do 的动词，只能用 being done/to be done
例题：
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 分析：本句已经有谓语动词 have，所以 lift 在没有其他变形的前提下使用非谓语形式。 先判断主被动：lift 在这里做 them 的宾语补足语，与 them 形成动宾关系，即 them 被 lift，所以用被动。又因为，allow 的用法为 allow sb to do sth，所以要用不定式的 被动 to be lifted。
The topic (discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention. 分析：本句已有谓语动词 has drawn，而 discuss 的名词 discussion 只能在句子中做主 语或宾语，不符合空的成分，所以只能使用 discuss 的非谓语形式。先判断主被动： discuss 的逻辑主语是 topic，所以话题被讨论，用被动。又因为 now 是非谓语的时间 标志，使用进行状态，所以用 being discussed。
非谓语动词主动表示被动
1) 不定式 to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Who is to blame 该怪谁呢？
(2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 ①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语， 按理说其中的不定式要 用 被 动 形 式 ， 但 习 惯 上 却 要 用 主 动 表 被 动 。 这 类 形 容 词 常 见 的 有 awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。 ② 有时形容词后跟有名词， 在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如 have, have got, get, want, need 等)的宾语后作定语时，
如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。 (指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。 (指请人打字)
(4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如 give, show, buy, lend, get 等)的直接宾语后作定语
时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语， 通常用主动形式表示被动意义：
Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较： He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。
(5) 涉及副词 enough 和 too 的主动表被动。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth
这两个结构中， 若句子主语与其后不定式为 to do sth 被动关系， 则该不定式通常用主
动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式)：
The writing is too faint to read [to 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。 These boxes are not strong enough to be read]. use [to be used] as a platform.
这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。 (
(7) be worth
后的动名词要用主动表被动：
) In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。 与 worth 相似的 worthy 却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有 介词 of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义： This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。 (
(8) 在
need, want, req
uire
) 等少数表示“需要 ”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义： The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。
(
同步练习
)
1．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite
another.
2 ．The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months.
3 ．Make sure the document (download) now is safe enough.
4 ．The building (repair) is our library.
5 ．It remains (see) whether or not they will accept the offer.
6．It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that
I realized the importance of treasuring youth.
7 ．He hurried home,only (tell) his parents had left for GuangDong Province.
8 ．His optimistic personality deserves (praise) .
9 ．“Ijust didn’t want the boy (hurt),” said Henry.
10 ．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design) to
help them succeed academically and personally.
11 ．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal.
12 ．I benefit a lot from the column (intend) for teenagers interested in western
cultures.
13 ． (concern) about your illness, we’d like to know how you are feeling now.
14 ．With the Arts Festival (approach), more than 50 shows (select)from all
over the country will be performed in the theaters.
15 ．The man (recognize) as an outstanding engineer volunteered to help.
16 ．Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her
hands.
17 ． (commit) to supporting the students seeking jobs, we will do some actions.
18 ．As (expect), he lost his job.
19 ． (equip) with the relevant knowledge and skills, he has strong faith in finding a
good job.
20 ． ( inspire) by his inspiring words, I intended to study hard to realize my dream.
(
三
再看定义——to
do
和
doing
的判断
1.
不定式
to
do
有如下用法
)
(1) 表示目的，去做：充当句子的目的状语/原因/结果 only+to do 表示出乎意料的结 果 (2) 充当句子的定语，修饰前面的名词。此时需要注意，如果是不及物的非谓语动词， 那么需要带上相应的介词。且此刻不定式可以与被修饰的名词形成主谓/动宾关系 Give him something to eat. 动宾关系 He was the last one to leave. 主谓关系 (3) 充当句子的主语和宾语：譬如形式主语/形式宾语 it 真正的主/宾用不定式充当 (4) 充当宾语补足语 (5) 只能用 to do 作宾语的情况 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假 装，设法做成决心坚。 agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend， plan (打算，计划)；demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)； dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)；fail ； （不 能；忘记）； pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）。
(
2.
doing
有两个含义，动名词和现在分词，有如
下用法
)
(1) 动名词作主语：可以直接作主语， 也可以用形式主语 it 构成句型： It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… (2) 做表语，表示经常性的动作，或者表示某个状态，性质特征 (3) 做定语，表示动作主动发生 (4) 现在分词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动。（除了独立主格结构） (5) 只能用 doing 作宾语，我们记忆以下口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。 解析：（记住口诀中对应的动词） 第一句包含的动词有：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, 第二句包含的动词有： admit, delay/put off, fancy（想像，想要） ,
第三句包含的动词有： avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice 第四句句包含的动词有： deny（否认，拒绝） , finish, enjoy/appreciate（欣赏） , 第五句包含的动词有： forbid, imagine, risk（冒险） 第六句包含的动词有： can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape. 第七句包含的动词有：can't stand(难以忍受） ，set about 开始， 着手， object to（反 对） , 第八句包含动词有：feel like（想要） ，succeed in (成功)，stick to(坚持) ， insist on （坚持，强调，坚决要求） ，be busy (in) （忙于做某事） 第九句包含的动词有：be used/accustomed to(习惯于…)， give up（放弃）, have difficulty / trouble (in), （做某事有困难） 第十句包含的动词有： lead to（导致）, devote to（将 …奉献给；把 …专用于） prevent…… from……（ 预防，防止）， apologize for（为 ……道歉） , 此外，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in),thank you for, pay attention to, aim at 目的在于， 旨在；瞄准；企图 ,accuse…of… 控告；谴 责 ， get down to（开始认真处理，对待） , etc.
(
3. 既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：
)
即“ 四'记 ’” “力争 ”“停后悔 ”。 “ 四记 ”指 “ 记得 、记住（remember ） ” ； “ 忘记（forget ） ”“ 计划 、打算 （mean） ”；“继续（ go on，continue)” Remember to do , forget to do ,regret（后悔） to do 指还没有去做…事 Remember doing，forget doing ,regret doing 指…..已经做了某事 “力争 ”指 “try”； try to do 指接近全力去做… ；try doing 指尝试做… Mean to do 打算做… Mean doing 意味着….. “停 ”“后悔 ”指 stop 与 regret。 Stop doing 指停止做此事….， stop to do 指停下来去做另一件事.
(
练习
)
1 ．Lost in such a forest, he could do nothing but (wait) patiently for help.
2 ．I don’t have anything suitable (wear) for the party.
3 ．The director had her assistant (pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.
4 ．As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone (show) you the way.
5 ．The teacher doesn’t expect such questions (discuss) in class.
6 ．Our plan failed, and I were （blame）for it.
7 ． (tell) the truth , I take no interest in playing football at all.
8 ．A pipeline has been built (supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from the
west of China.
9 ．On behalf of our school, I would like (express) our warm welcome to you.
10．It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 — in other words, (provide) the
quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters behind this
claim is that its chef is a robot.
11 ．Great importance should be attached to emotional or mental problems (arise)
from a physical cause.
12 ．Don’t leave that man over there (wait) outside and show him in now.
13．A classmate told me she had seen my friend (chat) with another girl in a café on
Saturday afternoon.
14．A reward will be offered to anyone that provides the information (lead) to the arrest
of the bank robber.
15 ． (represent) my fellow students, I would like to express our gratitude to you for
every effort you've put into teaching and helping us.
16 ．With us long (believe) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed
something amazing.
17 ．With time (pass) by, the memory of childhood has faded away.
18．We were all impressed by the statue of the horse (date) back to the Xia dynasty.
19 ．Don’t leave the lights ( burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.
20．When ( teach) English, whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative
to keep their interest.
(
四
最后看完成——to
have
done/having
done
)
1. 非谓语动词如果有完成时标志，则判断完 to do/doing，再用完成时。 2. 如果非谓语动作发生于谓语动词前，也要使用完成时态。注意区分：to have done 相 当于将来完成时，动作还未完成。
(
练习
)
1 ．Mary pretended (do ) her homework and went out to play.
2 ．I am very pleased (make)friends with you.
3 ．The young man seemed （change）much over the years.
4 ．The art of cave paintings is thought (exist) for thousands of years.
5 ．As a stopping point on the famous ancient Silk Road, Loulan is believed (cover)
over step by step by sandstorms.
6 ．Up to 1, 000 extradition cases are expected (deal) with by the end of the year,
more than double the number last year, and four times the number in 2006 according to
figures from the City of Westminster magistrates court, which handles all extradition
hearings.
7．You are silly (tell) your secret to Rose. Now most of the classmates know that you
failed in maths.
8 ．They are believed (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the
Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
9 ．Mary felt very lucky (make) so many friends these years abroad.
10 ．A housewarming party is a special party ( hold) when someone buys or
moves into a new apartment or house.
11 ．There are no more continents and no more moons ( search) for, little left to
discover.
12 ． ( know) all this, I still want to see it in person.
13 ． (work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we’re
looking for.
14 ．We saw new houses (build) wherever we went on our visit.
15 ．The suggestion (discuss)now is of great value.
16 ． (live) abroad for many years, the old man finally returned to his hometown.
17．Tom acknowledged (defeat) in the English speech competition, which made us
quite depressed.
18 ． (work)for two years, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
19． (acquire) the advanced technology, the engineers make full use of every chance
available.
20 ． (complete)the project as planned, we were allowed two days off to have a rest.
21 ． (attack)by terrorists, the tall building collapsed.
22 ． (tell) many times,he finally understood it.
23 ．The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, he looked very pale and exhausted.
24 ． (show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum.
25 ． (tell) many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
(
综合练习
)
1 ．Malaindrano is a giant baobab tree that is hollowed out for the storage of water, (exist) in the village
of Ampotaka in Madagascar.
2 ．After the dinner, three of us got desserts and I noticed that my friend, Dan, was hesitating a bit, seemingly not
(want) to go as if he wanted, or needed, our company.
3 ．Stories say the Colosseum was built to a practical design, with its 80 arched entrances (allow)easy
access to 55,000 audiences, who were seated according to rank.
4．If the payoffs are unknown, however, we have a harder time giving them up. That’s why doing an activity check is so important. You have to actually take the time (figure) out the opportunity costs, gains of each and
what to pursue over the other.
5．When the kite was in the air, people would cut off the stringy let the paper kite float away, (symbolize)
the flying away of diseases.
6 ．A special task force (consist) of senior medical experts is to help guide treatment in makeshift hospitals
（方舱医院） .
7 ．A: Who is considered (be) the father of the computer: Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John
Vincent Atanasoff, or John von Neumann
B: Well, they are all believed (make) important contributions to computer science.
8 ．Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his
students a novel (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary.
9 ．He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
10 ．The picture quality as well as the special effects （be ）far better.
11 ．The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, originally (serve) as offerings at temples and
decorations in the palace, has survived over the centuries.
12 ．The White Cane was introduced by an American man called George A ．Bonham. One day, he watched a man
who was blind (attempt) to cross a street.
13 ．“The story of this turtle family (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a reality for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says actress Olivia
Colman, who voices a character in the film.
14 ．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to
(eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value.
15 ．On his way to school, he found an old lady (seat) by the road, (look) worried.
16 ．We sought (change) her mind but she refused.
17 ．The researchers found that local efforts (improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the
coral reefs’ chances of survival.
18 ．The hot weather is partly for the water shortage. (blame).
19 ．The team had great trouble (get) to the earthquake-stricken area.
20 ．A huge number of works (paint) by students are on display.
21． (present) with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between.
22 ．We all urged him (go) ahead with his plan.
23 ．Only when he reached the tea－house he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.
24 ．He told us he (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then.
25 ．The water (feel) cool when Ijumped into the pool for morning exercise.
26 ．But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him (put) his hand in cold
water.
27 ．I (approve) of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
28 ．（2022·甘肃兰州 · 一模 According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the highest number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic
shocks (relate) to COVID-19.
29 ．Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of (vary)weights from the Leaning
Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
30．A few years later, still (attract)to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about
the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
31 ．I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not (stay) out with my friends too
late.
32 ． (base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology(神话) The Investiture of the Gods, Ne Zha is shown as rebellious(反抗的)underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero,
(like) his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works.
33．This system includes six cameras to detect holes, rocks, or other materials, (inform) the farmer when
an issue needs to be addressed.
34 ． It is a historic amphitheater, the largest ever built. (date) back to 70 C ． E., it is one of the
best-preserved ruins from the Roman Empire.
35 ．You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds
of the public tell pollsters when (ask).
36 ．During the Tang Dynasty, around 850 A ．D ．, an enterprising alchemist created a mixture, which had no obvious effects on lengthening life, but did explode with a flash and a bang when (expose)to an open
flame.
37 ． In 1988, Shi challenged Langwosha the third time. This time he was equipped with a newly acquired
technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, (survive).
38 ．Apart from the opening ceremony, a series of exciting activities are scheduled (hold) during the festival. In terms of tourism, resources of fine scenic spots, rural tourism, and shopping tourism are fully integrated. 39 ． (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as Oscar-winning
actors and stars.
40． （remember）all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and
bring the list with you to your appointment.
41． (grow) up in the region and influenced by diverse ethnic cultures, she is committed to telling Xinjiang
stories through her paper cutting while protecting and promoting the traditional folk art.
42 ．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always
been easy.
43 ．Now, we’re one step closer to (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its
surface.
44 ．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just
the lives (settle) for us.
45 ．I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (look) for
trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.
46．Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and
drafters.
47 ．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to
remind you of the love they have for you.
48 ． Elyse said, “I have to say unless we want an education system just (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only - which does happen in so many
places - is very short-sighted.”
49 ．The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that although most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an (estimate) 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media
account.
50 ．In many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of
students (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true.
51 ．In the prologue to his autobiography, (entitle) “What I Have Lived For”, Russell identifies the three
passions that have governed his life.
52 ．As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved (correct).
53 ． (face) with the serious problem, he is at a loss what to do.
54 ． (give) another chance, they will do it much better.
55 ． (take) around the city ，we were impressed by the city’s new look.
56 ．Someone suggested (send) Liu Xiang to the US for treatment.
57 ．The performance had intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only (greet) with an
embarrassed silence, however.
58 ． (move) by the play, the girl burst into tears.
59 ．I have several questions (discuss) with you.
60 ．When I walked into the yard, she pretended (water) the flowers.
61 ．She was proud (take) part in such a great activity yesterday.
62．In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by
the Inner City and Outer City.
63 ．Happiness is like a small stone (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples.
64 ． (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with
colored halo (光环) .
65 ．The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
during a period of intensified effort (get) rid of smallpox.
66 ．“Ijust didn’t want the boy (hurt),” said Henry.
67 ．While (research), we found that she had some characteristics similar to a pit bull (比特犬) .
68 ．He contacted the driver, only (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare
change beside it.
69 ．It is no use (reason) with him.
70 ．When his mother came in, Charlie pretended (sleep).
71 ．Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
72 ． (attack)by terrorists, the tall building collapsed.
73 ．He makes it a rule never (borrow) money.
74 ． (compare) with other people’s problems, mine seems insignificant.
75 ．The book (base) on his own experience is a great success.
76 ． (locate) in Guanlan, the Houde Academy is a newly-built school.
77 ．Currently, China is a country (belong) to the Third World.
78 ．Up to now ， the terrible accident has caused 2 deaths and 35 , my friend Jim seriously as
well. I never believe it would so many people. (injure)
79 ．Only then I understand what she meant. （用适当的单词填空）
80 ．I often hear her (sing) in the next room. （所给单词适当形式填空）
81 ．Neither my parents nor my younger sister (be) at home today.
82 ．Not only she been late three times, she has also done no work. (用适当的词填空)
83 ．She (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
84 ．She went on working though (blame)by the manager.
85 ．He (astonish) to see how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years.
86 ．I couldn't very well reject (assist) the police with their inquiries.
87 ．Tom was excited as it was the first time that he (fulfil) his potential.
88 ．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words.
89 ．We do not permit (smoke)in the office.
90 ．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
91 ．I’ll have the gardener (plant) some trees.
92 ．China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years (be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90,
000 people in Sichuan.
93 ． Sending a card is one of the appropriate ways you may appreciate (express) your
thankfulness to your teacher.
94 ．Any experience can teach and (strength) you, particularly the more difficult ones.
95 ．The teacher makes it a rule to have his students (read) English every morning for half an hour.
96 ．There are now more than 7,000 high-speed trains running daily, some (reach) speeds of up to 350
kilometres per hour, the fastest in the world of train transport.
97 ．The boy pretended (fall) asleep when his father came back.
98 ．The man was made (work) for 12 hours a day when he was young.
99 ．The expert can’t stand (wake) up by the noise outside at midnight.
100 ．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well.实词之非谓语动词
(
一
非谓语的判断
)
在 06 专题中，我们提及到了语法填空中动词的做题方法。口诀如下：
填动词，看谓语。有谓语填非谓语，先看主被动，再看定义，最后看完成； 无谓语，填谓语，看三态，情态，语态和时态。
所以， 当句子中已经有谓语动词时， 该动词就不能按照谓语的做题方法进行， 此时就要 考虑非谓语，但笔者同时也要提醒各考生：当括号里所给动词有相应的词性变形时，要
考虑先变形。 我们看下例：
Here are 22 models of the carrier rockets in 10 (serve) in China, 16 of which are in the Long March family. 本题中，serve 就有相应的名词变法 service，也可以变成非谓语做宾语，那么我们就 要思考：本空缺少 in 这个介词后的宾语，那么 serve 有名词变法，则直接填名词做宾 语。
当该动词没有相应词性变形时， 我们就要使用非谓语动词， 顾名思义， 该动词除了不能 做谓语， 可以充当其余任何句子成分。但从词性上来说， 非谓语动词依然属于动词， 所 以也要从及物动词/不及物动词/双宾语动词三个角度去考虑， 因为涉及到了非谓语动词 是否有宾语， 带几个宾语， 以此判断句子是否完整， 这关乎到连词的判断。接下来我们
按照口诀来分析非谓语动词的做法。
我们来看几个特例来判断以下谓语和非谓语：
There （be） two large huamo enterprises and 12 cooperatives in Wenxi，with more than1，000 locals working for them, the annual output value has reached 10 million yuan so far. 分析：本句中， 已有谓语动词 has reached，且无连词，所以 be 一定要变形成非谓语的 形式。又因为为独立主格结构，所以用 being。
(visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 分析：
visit 和 amaze 都是动词， 首要分析整句中有没有谓语动词。was 是谓语，但是是 how 引导的从句谓语，所以整句中缺少谓语，而如果 visit 是谓语，则缺少主语，所以要 让 amaze 充当谓语， 此刻要分析三态：没有情态动词， amaze 作为及物动词，缺少宾语， 所以一定是被动。最后分析时态，这是最容易出错的地方，前面出现了 over the last 10 years，所以大部分考生会填现在完成时。但事实上是， 这个标志词是非谓语 visit 的时间状语，所以 visit 要填 having visited。而 amaze 作为谓语，没有时间标志词， 分析时间和状态，为一般过去时，所以填 was amazed。
(
二
先看主被动——非谓语动词被动判断
)
同谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主被动之分， 谓语的被动形式为 be done；而非谓语 的被动形式基本型为 done，以此延伸出来 to be done 和 being done 两种形式。考生往 往会使用翻译法去判断主被动， 但事实上， 主被动语态要取决于动词是否及物以及句子
的翻译。笔者总结被动语态的判断口诀如下：
(
1. 及物动词被动无宾语，有宾语则一定不是被
动（双宾语除外）
2. 不及物动词无被动
3. 双宾语动词若只有一个宾语， 一定是被动
4. 逻辑主语判断
)
(1) 非谓语做定语修饰时，逻辑主语是其修饰的名词或代词 (2) 作状语时，逻辑主语是句子主语，除了独立主格结构 (3) 做宾语补足语时，逻辑主语是前面的宾语。
5. 过去分词做状语：逻辑主语是句子的主语表示被动
6. 过去分词做宾语补足语强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被
动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
(
表示“感觉
”的动词，
)
主要有 see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to 等。例如： When they got there，they found the house burnt down. 他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部烧毁。（房子已经被“烧掉 ”，强调结果。） I heard the song sung yesterday. 昨天我听到有人唱了那首歌。（ 歌被人“唱 ”。）
(
表示“心理状态
”的动词：
)
like; think; expect; want; wish 等。例如： The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked. 女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。 I wish my homework finished before five o’clock. 我希望 5 点前完成我的作业。 (作业被“完成 ”。)
表示“使役 ”的动词：
have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。 Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 (事情被“做 ”。) The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside. 老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注 意 ”。） 使役动词 have 接过去分词作宾补有两种意义，具体指那种意义，要根据上下语境来确 定。 过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。 1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。（虽然头发被理， 但这里指主 语“我 ”让理发师理发。） 2) 过去分词所表示的动作是指主语所经历的一件不好的事情。 He had his leg broken when he was playing football yesterday. 他昨天打足球的时候，腿被摔断了。
现在我们通过高考真题案例来分析主被动关系。
Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao ’s birthplace. 分析： 填动词， 看谓语， 本句中已经有谓语动词 may be，所以 recognize 作定语，但它没有形 容词形式，所以用非谓语动词作定语。先判断它与修饰词之间的主被动关系为被动， “被公认的小笼包之乡 ”，所以被动，用 recognized。
（2023 年全 国 乙 ）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads. 分析： 填动词看谓语，本句中已有谓语动词 is，所以 build 在无形容词变化的前提下用非谓 语动词做定语修饰 system，分析 build 和 system 的关系为被动，所以填 built。
(
to be
done 和
being
done
)
(1) 已经判断出是被动，但是表示将会被，用 to be done；表示正在，用 being done (2) 介词后只能用 being done (3) 遇到只能接 doing 或者 to do 的动词，只能用 being done/to be done
例题：
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 分析：本句已经有谓语动词 have，所以 lift 在没有其他变形的前提下使用非谓语形式。 先判断主被动：lift 在这里做 them 的宾语补足语，与 them 形成动宾关系，即 them 被 lift，所以用被动。又因为，allow 的用法为 allow sb to do sth，所以要用不定式的 被动 to be lifted。
The topic (discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention. 分析：本句已有谓语动词 has drawn，而 discuss 的名词 discussion 只能在句子中做主 语或宾语，不符合空的成分，所以只能使用 discuss 的非谓语形式。先判断主被动： discuss 的逻辑主语是 topic，所以话题被讨论，用被动。又因为 now 是非谓语的时间 标志，使用进行状态，所以用 being discussed。
非谓语动词主动表示被动
1) 不定式 to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Who is to blame 该怪谁呢？
(2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 ①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语， 按理说其中的不定式要 用 被 动 形 式 ， 但 习 惯 上 却 要 用 主 动 表 被 动 。 这 类 形 容 词 常 见 的 有 awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。 ② 有时形容词后跟有名词， 在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如 have, have got, get, want, need 等)的宾语后作定语时，
如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。 (指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。 (指请人打字)
(4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如 give, show, buy, lend, get 等)的直接宾语后作定语
时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语， 通常用主动形式表示被动意义：
Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较： He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。
(5) 涉及副词 enough 和 too 的主动表被动。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth
这两个结构中， 若句子主语与其后不定式为 to do sth 被动关系， 则该不定式通常用主
动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式)：
The writing is too faint to read [to 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。 These boxes are not strong enough to be read]. use [to be used] as a platform.
这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。 (
(7) be worth
后的动名词要用主动表被动：
) In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。 与 worth 相似的 worthy 却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有 介词 of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义： This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。 (
(8) 在
need, want, req
uire
) 等少数表示“需要 ”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义： The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。
(
同步练习
)
1．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite
another.
2 ．The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months.
3 ．Make sure the document (download) now is safe enough.
4 ．The building (repair) is our library.
5 ．It remains (see) whether or not they will accept the offer.
6．It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that
I realized the importance of treasuring youth.
7 ．He hurried home,only (tell) his parents had left for GuangDong Province.
8 ．His optimistic personality deserves (praise) .
9 ．“Ijust didn’t want the boy (hurt),” said Henry.
10 ．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design) to
help them succeed academically and personally.
11 ．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal.
12 ．I benefit a lot from the column (intend) for teenagers interested in western
cultures.
13 ． (concern) about your illness, we’d like to know how you are feeling now.
14 ．With the Arts Festival (approach), more than 50 shows (select)from all
over the country will be performed in the theaters.
15 ．The man (recognize) as an outstanding engineer volunteered to help.
16 ．Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her
hands.
17 ． (commit) to supporting the students seeking jobs, we will do some actions.
18 ．As (expect), he lost his job.
19 ． (equip) with the relevant knowledge and skills, he has strong faith in finding a
good job.
20 ． ( inspire) by his inspiring words, I intended to study hard to realize my dream.
参考答案：
1 ．being performed
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事， 去听现场演奏又是另一回事。
hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事。又因为音乐和演奏之间是被动关系，
故用现在分词的被动形式 being done。故填 being performed。
2 ．being built
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在建造的博物馆将在六个月后向公众开放。句 中 will be 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。museum 与 build 之间是被动关系，
同时又表示该动作正在进行，应用 being done 作定语。故答案是 being built。
3 ．being downloaded
【详解】考查动词。句意：确保现在下载的文档足够安全。分析句子结构可知 download 在句中应用非谓语动词形式， 与 document 构成被动关系， 根据后文 now 可知应用 being
done 形式。故填 being downloaded。
4 ．being repaired
【详解】句意：正在修葺的那座楼是我们的图书馆。building 与 repair 之间是被动关系，
语境表明动作正在进行，应该用现在分词的被动式作后置定语，故填 being repaired。
5 ．to be seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意：他们是否会接受这个提议还有待观察。
remain to do sth.表示“有待做某事” ，分析句子结构可知， it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 whether or not 引导的从句， 结合句意可知， 动词 see 和主语之间是被动关系， 因此空处
应用动词不定式的被动结构 to be done。故填 to be seen。
6 ．to be admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到我失去了被我梦想中的大学录取的机会，我才意 识到珍惜青春的重要性。分析句子， 句中 lost 为谓语动词， 设空处使用非谓语动词， 此 处 lose the opportunity to do 为固定短语，意为“失去去做某事的机会” ，使用不定式结构 作后置定语；同时I 和admit 之间是被动关系， 故使用不定式被动结构。故填to be admitted。
7 ．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶回家，却被告知父母已去广东了。句中 only to do 为不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果，同时 he 和 tell 之间是被动关系，
故使用不定式的被动式。故填 to be told。
8 ．praising/to be praised
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他乐观的个性值得称赞。 deserve doing sth.“某事值得被
做” ，还可用 deserve to be done。故填 praising/to be praised。
9 ．to be hurt
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动式。句意： Henry 说： “我只是不想让这个男孩受到伤 害。 ”want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事， 动词 hurt 和宾语 the boy 之间是被动关系， 故此
处用动词不定式的被动式，指“不想让男孩受到伤害” ，表示被动。故填 to be hurt。
10 ．designed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数高校现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程， 以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。分析句子结构可知， 此处要填非谓语动词， 在 句中作定语，修饰前面的名词 course；所填词与该名词之间是被动的关系，所以用过去
分词作定语。故填 designed。
11 ．laid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：客厅干净整洁，餐桌已经摆好准备吃饭了。 “with+宾 语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语， a dining table 和 lay
为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填 laid。
12 ．intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我从这个针对对西方文化感兴趣的青少年的专栏中获 益良多。 be intended for 打算供……用； 想用于， 在句中作定语， 所以用过去分词形式。
根据句意，故填 intended。
13 ．Concerned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于担心你的病情，我们想知道你现在感觉如何。 be concerned about 对……担心， 在句中作状语， 所以用过去分词作状语。故填 Concerned。
14 ． approaching selected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着艺术节的临近，从全国各地挑选的 50 多部剧目 将在剧院上演。分析句子可知，空一部分为 with 复合结构作状语， approach 与 the Arts Festival 是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语；第二空 elect 作定语修饰 shows，二者
之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填 approaching；selected。
15 ．recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位被公认为杰出工程师的人自愿提供帮助。分析句 子结构和意思可知，动词 recognize 和句子主语 The man 是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去
分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填 recognized。
16 ．buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的班长坐在图书馆里， 头埋在手里的书里。bury(埋 进…… 中)作 with 复合结构中宾语 her head 的补足语，与其逻辑主语 her head 之间是被
动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填 buried。
17 ．Committed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于支持学生寻找工作，我们将采取一些措施。分 析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，根据 be committed to doing sth.意为“致
力于做某事”可知， commit 与逻辑主语 we 之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，
且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 Committed。
18 ．expected
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：不出所料，他丢了工作。as expected 意为“ 不出所料”，
为固定搭配，所以此处应用过去分词表示被动。故填 expected。
19 ．Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了相关的知识和技能，他对找到一份好工作有很强 的信心。句中谓语是 has，空格处用非谓语动词， he 和 equip 之间是逻辑动宾关系，因
此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Equipped。
20 ．Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的话的激励，我打算努力学习以实现我 的梦想。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 intended，空处作非谓语动词， inspire 与逻辑主语 I 之间是被动关系， 所以空处应用过去分词形式 inspired 作状语， inspired 置
于句首，首字母大写。故填 Inspired。
(
三
再看定义——to
do
和
doing
的判断
1.
不定式
to
do
有如下用法
)
(1) 表示目的，去做：充当句子的目的状语/原因/结果 only+to do 表示出乎意料的结 果 (2) 充当句子的定语，修饰前面的名词。此时需要注意，如果是不及物的非谓语动词， 那么需要带上相应的介词。且此刻不定式可以与被修饰的名词形成主谓/动宾关系 Give him something to eat. 动宾关系 He was the last one to leave. 主谓关系 (3) 充当句子的主语和宾语：譬如形式主语/形式宾语 it 真正的主/宾用不定式充当
(4) 充当宾语补足语 (5) 只能用 to do 作宾语的情况 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假 装，设法做成决心坚。 agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend， plan (打算，计划)；demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)； dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)；fail ； （不 能；忘记）； pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）。
2. doing 有两个含义，动名词和现在分词，有如下用法
(1) 动名词作主语：可以直接作主语， 也可以用形式主语 it 构成句型： It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… (2) 做表语，表示经常性的动作，或者表示某个状态，性质特征 (3) 做定语，表示动作主动发生 (4) 现在分词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动。（除了独立主格结构） (5) 只能用 doing 作宾语，我们记忆以下口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。 解析：（记住口诀中对应的动词） 第一句包含的动词有：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, 第二句包含的动词有： admit, delay/put off, fancy（想像，想要） , 第三句包含的动词有： avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice 第四句句包含的动词有： deny（否认，拒绝） , finish, enjoy/appreciate（欣赏） , 第五句包含的动词有： forbid, imagine, risk（冒险） 第六句包含的动词有： can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape. 第七句包含的动词有：can't stand(难以忍受） ，set about 开始， 着手， object to（反 对） , 第八句包含动词有：feel like（想要） ，succeed in (成功)，stick to(坚持) ， insist on （坚持，强调，坚决要求） ，be busy (in) （忙于做某事） 第九句包含的动词有：be used/accustomed to(习惯于…)， give up（放弃）, have difficulty / trouble (in), （做某事有困难）
第十句包含的动词有：lead to（导致）, devote to（将 …奉献给；把 …专用于） prevent…… from……（ 预防，防止）， apologize for（为 ……道歉） , 此外，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in),thank you for, pay attention to, aim at 目的在于， 旨在；瞄准；企图 ,accuse…of… 控告；谴 责 ， get down to（开始认真处理，对待） , etc.
(
3. 既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：
)
即“ 四'记 ’” “力争 ”“停后悔 ”。 “ 四记 ”指 “ 记得 、记住（remember ） ” ； “ 忘记（forget ） ”“ 计划 、打算 （mean） ”；“继续（ go on，continue)” Remember to do , forget to do ,regret（后悔） to do 指还没有去做…事 Remember doing，forget doing ,regret doing 指…..已经做了某事 “力争 ”指 “try”； try to do 指接近全力去做… ；try doing 指尝试做… Mean to do 打算做… Mean doing 意味着….. “停 ”“后悔 ”指 stop 与 regret。 Stop doing 指停止做此事….， stop to do 指停下来去做另一件事.
(
练习
)
1 ．Lost in such a forest, he could do nothing but (wait) patiently for help.
2 ．I don’t have anything suitable (wear) for the party.
3 ．The director had her assistant (pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.
4 ．As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone (show) you the way.
5 ．The teacher doesn’t expect such questions (discuss) in class.
6 ．Our plan failed, and I were （blame）for it.
7 ． (tell) the truth , I take no interest in playing football at all.
8 ．A pipeline has been built (supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from the
west of China.
9 ．On behalf of our school, I would like (express) our warm welcome to you.
10．It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 — in other words, (provide) the
quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters behind this
claim is that its chef is a robot.
11 ．Great importance should be attached to emotional or mental problems (arise)
from a physical cause.
12 ．Don’t leave that man over there (wait) outside and show him in now.
13．A classmate told me she had seen my friend (chat) with another girl in a café on
Saturday afternoon.
14．A reward will be offered to anyone that provides the information (lead) to the arrest
of the bank robber.
15 ． (represent) my fellow students, I would like to express our gratitude to you for
every effort you've put into teaching and helping us.
16 ．With us long (believe) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed
something amazing.
17 ．With time (pass) by, the memory of childhood has faded away.
18．We were all impressed by the statue of the horse (date) back to the Xia dynasty.
19 ．Don’t leave the lights ( burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.
20．When ( teach) English, whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative
to keep their interest.
参考答案：
1 ．wait
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这样的森林里迷路了，他什么也做不了，只能耐心 地等待救援。 do nothing but do 固定搭配，意为“什么也做不了，只能做” ，前面有 do，
后面省略了 to ，此处是不带 to 的不定式，故填 wait。
2 ．to wear
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我没有适合参加聚会的衣服。(be) suitable to do sth.“适
合做某事” 。故填 to wear。
3 ．pick
【详解】考查省略。句意为: 经理让她的助理为这次会议买了一些热狗。当不定式用于 let, make, have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语， 不定式必须省略 to。短语 have sb do sth,意
为“让某人做某事” 。故填 pick。
4 ．show
【详解】考查不定式。句意：既然你之前从没有去过那儿，我将让人给你带路。短语 have sb. do“让某人做某事”，have 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语， have 此处是使役
动词，表示“使；让” ，故填 show。
5 ．discussed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。分析句子，句 中 doesn’t expect 为谓语动词， 设空处使用非谓语动词。此处 questions 与 discuss 之间是 被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补（此处为 expect sth. to be done 省略to be 的用法）。
故填 discussed。
6 ．to blame
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们的计划失败了，我对此负有责任。此处意为“对某事
负有责任” ，表达为 be to blame for sth，故填 to blame。
7 ．To tell
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：说实话， 我对踢足球一点兴趣都没有。 to tell the truth“说
实话” ，固定短语。故填 To tell。
8 ．to supply
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一条从西部向东部省份输送天然气的管道已经建成。 分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，设空处只能作非谓语；结合句意可知，此处表示目的，
应用 to do 不定式。故填 to supply。
9 ．to express
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我谨代表我们学校对您表示热烈欢迎。分析句意可知，因 为 would like 的结构为 would like to do sth. “想要做某事” ，故动词 express“表达” 需要使
用不定式。故填 to express。
10 ．to provide
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，这家店宣称 6 美元就能送出价值 18 美元的汉 堡——换句话说， 宣称以快餐的价格提供高档餐厅的质量。这一说法背后的关键是， 它
的厨师是一个机器人。结合句意表示“宣称做某事”短语为 claim to do sth.。故填 to
provide。
11 ．arising
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对身体原因引起的情绪或精神问题应给予高度重视。 分析句子结构可知 arise 与逻辑主语 problems 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故
填 arising。
12 ．waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让那边的那个人在外面等着，现在就带他进去。 分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语 that man之间
为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填 waiting。
13 ．chatting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个同学告诉我，她在星期六下午看到我的朋友和另
一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。 see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事。根据句意，故填
chatting。
14 ．leading
【详解】考查非谓语词。句意：为逮捕银行抢劫犯提供信息的人将获得奖励。分析句子 可知， 设空处所给动词 lead 用作后置定语修饰名词 information，二者之间是逻辑上的主
动关系，应使用现在分词。故填 leading。
15 ．Representing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:我代表我的同学们想对您在教学和帮助我们方面所做的 一切努力表示感谢。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“would like”,故空处应用非 谓语动词作状语， represent 与句子的主语“I”构成主动关系, 因此用现在分词作状语。故
填 Representing。
16 ．believing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长期以来，我们一直认为会说话的植物是幻想，而新 的研究揭示了一些惊人的事情。分析句式结构可知，此处是“with+宾语+宾补” 的复合结 构，用非谓语动词作宾补，又因为 believe“相信，认为”和宾语 us 之间是主动关系，所
以用现在分词作宾补。故填 believing。
17 ．passing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，童年的记忆也渐渐淡去了。这里为 with 的复合结构。介词 with 后宾语 time 与 pass 之间为主动关系， 所以用现在分词作宾
语补足语。故填 passing。
18 ．dating
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我们都对追溯到夏朝的马雕像印象深刻。分析句子可知， 空处在句中作非谓语，且在名词 the horse 后作后置定语 ，date back to “追溯到” ，与被
修饰名词 the horse 之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填 dating。
19 ．burning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：别让灯整夜亮着。它会浪费太多电。分析句子结构可 知，空处作宾语补足语，和宾语 the lights 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作
补足语，表示宾语的状态。故填 burning。
20 ．teaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当教英语时，无论是对儿童还是成人，你都必须非常 有创造力才能保持他们的兴趣。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词 teach 是句子主语 you
主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作时间状语。故填 teaching。
(
四
最后看完成——to
have
done/having
done
)
1. 非谓语动词如果有完成时标志，则判断完 to do/doing，再用完成时。 2. 如果非谓语动作发生于谓语动词前，也要使用完成时态。注意区分：to have done 相 当于将来完成时，动作还未完成。
(
练习
)
1 ．Mary pretended (do ) her homework and went out to play.
2 ．I am very pleased (make)friends with you.
3 ．The young man seemed （change）much over the years.
4 ．The art of cave paintings is thought (exist) for thousands of years.
5 ．As a stopping point on the famous ancient Silk Road, Loulan is believed (cover)
over step by step by sandstorms.
6 ．Up to 1, 000 extradition cases are expected (deal) with by the end of the year,
more than double the number last year, and four times the number in 2006 according to
figures from the City of Westminster magistrates court, which handles all extradition
hearings.
7．You are silly (tell) your secret to Rose. Now most of the classmates know that you
failed in maths.
8 ．They are believed (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the
Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
9 ．Mary felt very lucky (make) so many friends these years abroad.
10 ．A housewarming party is a special party ( hold) when someone buys or
moves into a new apartment or house.
11 ．There are no more continents and no more moons ( search) for, little left to
discover.
12 ． ( know) all this, I still want to see it in person.
13 ． (work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we’re
looking for.
14 ．We saw new houses (build) wherever we went on our visit.
15 ．The suggestion (discuss)now is of great value.
16 ． (live) abroad for many years, the old man finally returned to his hometown.
17．Tom acknowledged (defeat) in the English speech competition, which made us
quite depressed.
18 ． (work)for two years, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
19． (acquire) the advanced technology, the engineers make full use of every chance
available.
20 ． (complete)the project as planned, we were allowed two days off to have a rest.
21 ． (attack)by terrorists, the tall building collapsed.
22 ． (tell) many times,he finally understood it.
23 ．The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, he looked very pale and exhausted.
24 ． (show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum.
25 ． (tell) many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
参考答案：
1 ．to have done
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽假装做完作业出去玩了。 pretend to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“假装做
某事” ，“做作业”这个动作发生在“ 出去玩之前” ，此处使用动词不定式的完成式，故填 to have done。
2 ．to have made/to make
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴和你交朋友。分析句意再根据 pleased 可知，此处用动词不定式构
成固定短语 be pleased to do sth 或 be pleased to have done 表示“很高兴做某事” 。故填 to make 或 to have
made。
3 ．to have changed
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这些年来，那个年轻人似乎已经改变了很多。 seem to do sth.“似乎做某事” ， 接不定式作宾语，根据句意， change 发生谓语动词 seem 之前，用不定式的完成时，故填 to have changed。
4 ．to have existed
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：人们认为洞窟壁画艺术已经存在了几千年。 “主语+is/was thought to do/have done”是由句式 It is/was thought that...转化而成，此处不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，
应用 to have done 的形式。故答案为 to have existed。
5 ．to have been covered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：楼兰是著名的古代丝绸之路的一个中转站，据说它后来逐渐被沙尘暴覆 盖。 believe sb.／sth. to do 表示“认为某人／某物 ……”，本句为其被动形式；又因 cover over 所表示的动作 发生在 is believed 之前， 应用动词不定式的完成式， 且 cover over 与主语 Loulan 构成被动关系， 故填 to have
been covered。
6 ．to have been dealt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据威斯敏斯特市地方法院的数据，预计到今年年底将处理多达 1000 起 引渡案件， 是去年的两倍多， 是 2006 年的四倍，威斯敏斯特市地方法院负责处理所有引渡听证会。be expected to do sth 被期望做某事，动词短语 deal with 和主语 cases 之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“by the end of the
year”可知，此处应用动词不定式的完成式的被动语态，故填 to have been dealt。
7 ．to have told
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：你把你的秘密告诉罗斯真傻。现在大多数同学都知道你数学不及格了。分 析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定句型 be+adj.+to do sth.，意为“做某事是…… 的” ，动词 tell 发生在谓
语动词 are 之前，用动词不定式的完成式结构。故填 to have told。
8 ．to have started
【详解】考查不定式和完成时。句意：人们相信，它们起源于清末，是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取 暖的一种方式。 sb. be believed to do 是固定短语， 意为“相信某人会做某事” ，start off 这个动作已经完成， 因
此空格处用不定式的完成时 to have done，故填 to have started。
9 ．to have made
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽感到很幸运，这些年在国外交了这么多朋友。此处形容词 lucky 后用
动词不定式作原因状语， 因动词 make 表达的动作发生在谓语动词 felt 之前， 故用其不定式的完成式。故填
to have made
10 ．to be held
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：乔迁派对是当某人购买或搬进新公寓或新房子时举行的一种特殊派对。
party 与 hold 之间是动宾关系，且表示未来的事情，要用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，故填 to be held。
11 ．to search/to be searched
【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：没有更多的大陆，也没有更多的卫星可搜索，几乎没有什么可发 现的了。分析句子结构可知， 本句系动词为 are，故本空为非谓语， no more continents and no more moons 与 search“搜索”为被动关系， 动作尚未发生， 故此处用 to be searched 作后置定语， 修饰名词 no more continents and no more moons 。且此处为 there be 句型，故不定式作定语可以用主动形式也可以用被动形式。故填 to
search 或 to be searched。
12 ．Having know
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：知道了这一切，我还是想亲眼看看。空处作状语，应用非谓语动词形式， know 发生在 want 之前，此处表示动作已完成，且 know 与主语之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词的完成式，
空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Having known。
13 ．Having worked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：曾经在好几个国家工作过，这个年轻人似乎有我们想要的经验。分析句 子结构和意思可知，动词 work 是句子主语 the young man主动发出的动作，并且发生在谓语动词 seems 之
前，用现在分词的完成式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填 Having worked。
14 ．being built
【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：无论我们去哪里，我们都看到了正在建造的新房子。分析句子结 构可知，本句谓语为 saw，故本空为非谓语。 see sb./sth. doing sth.，意为“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，new houses
和动词 build“建造”为被动关系，故此处用动词过去分词 built，故填 being built，作宾语 houses 的补足语。
故填 being built。
15 ．being discussed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在讨论的建议很有价值。设空处在句中作非谓语，根据时间状语 now ，可知动作正在进行，设空处应用现在分词， discuss 和其逻辑主语 suggestion 是被动关系，因此用现在
分词的被动语态 being done 作后置定语。故填 being discussed。
16 ．Having lived
【详解】考查现在分词的完成式。句意：在国外生活多年后，这位老人终于回到了家乡。动词 live 意为“居 住” ，和谓语之间没有连词， 所以为非谓语的形式， 和主语构成主动关系， 且发生在谓语之前， 所以应用现
在分词的完成式。句首首字母应大写。故填 Having lived。
17 ．being defeated/having been defeated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆承认在英语演讲比赛中失败了，这让我们很沮丧。 acknowledge doing sth./having being done 表示“承认做了某事” ，此处指的是“汤姆承认在英语演讲比赛中失败了” ，汤姆被打败
了，因此要使用现在分词的被动形式。故填 being defeated 或者 having been defeated。
18 ．Having worked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史蒂夫工作了两年，终于按时完成了报告。分析句子结构可知 work 与逻
辑主语 Steve 构成主动关系，结合 for two years 可知应用 having done 形式，首字母大写。故填 Having
worked。
19 ．Having acquired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：掌握了先进技术后，工程师们充分利用了一切可能的机会。动词 acquire 和逻辑主语 engineers 之间是主谓关系， 且 acquire 表示的动作发生在谓语 make full use of 之前， 故用现在分
词的完成式作状语，句首单词的首字母要大写，故填 Having acquired。
20 ．Having completed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在按计划完成项目后， 我们被允许休息两天。分析句子结构可知 complete 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与 we 构成主动关系，且动作已经完成，应用 having done 形式，句首单词首
字母大写。故填 Having completed。
21 ．Having been attacked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于受到恐怖分子的袭击，这座高楼倒塌了。空处应填非谓语动词的形 式，由句意知 attack 的动作发生在谓语动词 collapsed 之前且主语 the tall building 与 attack 之间为被动关系，
应用现在分词完成式的被动形式，作原因状语。故填 Having been attacked。
22 ．Having been told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经被告知好多次后，他最终理解了它。分析句子可知， understood 是谓
语动词， 告知是非谓语动词， 他和告知是被动关系， 用非谓语的过去分词， 而且“告知”先于“理解”发生， 用
非谓语动词的完成时，故用被动语态的现在完成时。句首首字母用大写，故填 Having been told。
23 ．having been trapped/trapped
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：小偷在河里被困了五个小时，他看起来非常苍白和疲惫。此处为独立 主格结构。 The thief 与 trap 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动； trap 的动作发生在主句谓语动词动 作 looked very pale and exhausted 之前，两个动作之间有着明显的先后关系， The thief 与 trap 之间为被动关
系，所以也可以使用 having been done 的形式。故答案为 having been trapped/trapped。
24 ．Having been shown
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在参观了工厂后，他们被带去参观了博物馆。分析句子可知，句中有谓
语动词“were taken”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词， “they”和“show”为逻辑上的动宾关系，且
“show”发生在谓语动词动作之前，故应用现在分词完成式的被动语态“having been done”作状语， “show”的 过去分词为“shown”，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应填“Having been shown”。故填 Having been shown。
25 ．Having been told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管被告诉了很多次，他还是没有把这些规则牢记于心。 tell 与句子主语 之间构成被动关系， 且发生在谓语动作之前， 应用 having been done。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Having
been told。
(
综合练习
)
1 ．Malaindrano is a giant baobab tree that is hollowed out for the storage of water, (exist) in the village
of Ampotaka in Madagascar.
2 ．After the dinner, three of us got desserts and I noticed that my friend, Dan, was hesitating a bit, seemingly not
(want) to go as if he wanted, or needed, our company.
3 ．Stories say the Colosseum was built to a practical design, with its 80 arched entrances (allow)easy
access to 55,000 audiences, who were seated according to rank.
4．If the payoffs are unknown, however, we have a harder time giving them up. That’s why doing an activity check is so important. You have to actually take the time (figure) out the opportunity costs, gains of each and
what to pursue over the other.
5．When the kite was in the air, people would cut off the stringy let the paper kite float away, (symbolize)
the flying away of diseases.
6 ．A special task force (consist) of senior medical experts is to help guide treatment in makeshift hospitals
（方舱医院） .
7 ．A: Who is considered (be) the father of the computer: Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John
Vincent Atanasoff, or John von Neumann
B: Well, they are all believed (make) important contributions to computer science.
8 ．Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his
students a novel (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary.
9 ．He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
10 ．The picture quality as well as the special effects （be ）far better.
11 ．The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, originally (serve) as offerings at temples and
decorations in the palace, has survived over the centuries.
12 ．The White Cane was introduced by an American man called George A ．Bonham. One day, he watched a man
who was blind (attempt) to cross a street.
13 ．“The story of this turtle family (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a reality for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says actress Olivia
Colman, who voices a character in the film.
14 ．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to
(eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value.
15 ．On his way to school, he found an old lady (seat) by the road, (look) worried.
16 ．We sought (change) her mind but she refused.
17 ．The researchers found that local efforts (improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the
coral reefs’ chances of survival.
18 ．The hot weather is partly for the water shortage. (blame).
19 ．The team had great trouble (get) to the earthquake-stricken area.
20 ．A huge number of works (paint) by students are on display.
21． (present) with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we’re choosing between.
22 ．We all urged him (go) ahead with his plan.
23 ．Only when he reached the tea－house he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.
24 ．He told us he (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then.
25 ．The water (feel) cool when Ijumped into the pool for morning exercise.
26 ．But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him (put) his hand in cold
water.
27 ．I (approve) of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
28 ．（2022·甘肃兰州 · 一模 According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the highest number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic
shocks (relate) to COVID-19.
29 ．Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of (vary)weights from the Leaning
Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
30．A few years later, still (attract)to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about
the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
31 ．I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not (stay) out with my friends too
late.
32 ． (base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology(神话) The Investiture of the Gods, Ne Zha is shown as rebellious(反抗的)underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero,
(like) his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works.
33．This system includes six cameras to detect holes, rocks, or other materials, (inform) the farmer when
an issue needs to be addressed.
34 ． It is a historic amphitheater, the largest ever built. (date) back to 70 C ． E., it is one of the
best-preserved ruins from the Roman Empire.
35 ．You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds
of the public tell pollsters when (ask).
36 ．During the Tang Dynasty, around 850 A ．D ．, an enterprising alchemist created a mixture, which had no obvious effects on lengthening life, but did explode with a flash and a bang when (expose)to an open
flame.
37 ． In 1988, Shi challenged Langwosha the third time. This time he was equipped with a newly acquired
technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, (survive).
38 ．Apart from the opening ceremony, a series of exciting activities are scheduled (hold) during the festival. In terms of tourism, resources of fine scenic spots, rural tourism, and shopping tourism are fully integrated. 39 ． (create) the film, Greenpeace UK teamed up with Aardman Animations, as well as Oscar-winning
actors and stars.
40． （remember）all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and
bring the list with you to your appointment.
41． (grow) up in the region and influenced by diverse ethnic cultures, she is committed to telling Xinjiang
stories through her paper cutting while protecting and promoting the traditional folk art.
42 ．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always
been easy.
43 ．Now, we’re one step closer to (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its
surface.
44 ．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just
the lives (settle) for us.
45 ．I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (look) for
trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.
46．Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and
drafters.
47 ．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to
remind you of the love they have for you.
48 ． Elyse said, “I have to say unless we want an education system just (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only - which does happen in so many
places - is very short-sighted.”
49 ．The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that although most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an (estimate) 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media
account.
50 ．In many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of
students (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true.
51 ．In the prologue to his autobiography, (entitle) “What I Have Lived For”, Russell identifies the three
passions that have governed his life.
52 ．As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved (correct).
53 ． (face) with the serious problem, he is at a loss what to do.
54 ． (give) another chance, they will do it much better.
55 ． (take) around the city ，we were impressed by the city’s new look.
56 ．Someone suggested (send) Liu Xiang to the US for treatment.
57 ．The performance had intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only (greet) with an
embarrassed silence, however.
58 ． (move) by the play, the girl burst into tears.
59 ．I have several questions (discuss) with you.
60 ．When I walked into the yard, she pretended (water) the flowers.
61 ．She was proud (take) part in such a great activity yesterday.
62．In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by
the Inner City and Outer City.
63 ．Happiness is like a small stone (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples.
64 ． (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with
colored halo (光环) .
65 ．The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
during a period of intensified effort (get) rid of smallpox.
66 ．“Ijust didn’t want the boy (hurt),” said Henry.
67 ．While (research), we found that she had some characteristics similar to a pit bull (比特犬) .
68 ．He contacted the driver, only (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare
change beside it.
69 ．It is no use (reason) with him.
70 ．When his mother came in, Charlie pretended (sleep).
71 ．Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
72 ． (attack)by terrorists, the tall building collapsed.
73 ．He makes it a rule never (borrow) money.
74 ． (compare) with other people’s problems, mine seems insignificant.
75 ．The book (base) on his own experience is a great success.
76 ． (locate) in Guanlan, the Houde Academy is a newly-built school.
77 ．Currently, China is a country (belong) to the Third World.
78 ．Up to now ， the terrible accident has caused 2 deaths and 35 , my friend Jim seriously as
well. I never believe it would so many people. (injure)
79 ．Only then I understand what she meant. （用适当的单词填空）
80 ．I often hear her (sing) in the next room. （所给单词适当形式填空）
81 ．Neither my parents nor my younger sister (be) at home today.
82 ．Not only she been late three times, she has also done no work. (用适当的词填空)
83 ．She (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
84 ．She went on working though (blame)by the manager.
85 ．He (astonish) to see how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years.
86 ．I couldn't very well reject (assist) the police with their inquiries.
87 ．Tom was excited as it was the first time that he (fulfil) his potential.
88 ．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words.
89 ．We do not permit (smoke)in the office.
90 ．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
91 ．I’ll have the gardener (plant) some trees.
92 ．China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years (be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90,
000 people in Sichuan.
93 ． Sending a card is one of the appropriate ways you may appreciate (express) your
thankfulness to your teacher.
94 ．Any experience can teach and (strength) you, particularly the more difficult ones.
95 ．The teacher makes it a rule to have his students (read) English every morning for half an hour.
96 ．There are now more than 7,000 high-speed trains running daily, some (reach) speeds of up to 350
kilometres per hour, the fastest in the world of train transport.
97 ．The boy pretended (fall) asleep when his father came back.
98 ．The man was made (work) for 12 hours a day when he was young.
99 ．The expert can’t stand (wake) up by the noise outside at midnight.
100 ．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well.
参考答案：
1 ．existing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Malaindrano 是一棵巨大的猴面包树，它被挖空用来蓄水， 生长在马达加斯加的 Ampotaka 村。分析可知， 空格处用非谓语动词， baobab tree 和 exist 之
间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填 existing。
2 ．wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：晚饭后，我们三个人吃了甜点，我注意到我的朋友丹有点 犹豫， 似乎不想离开， 好像他想要或需要我们的陪伴。 that 引导的宾语从句中的谓语是 was hesitating，空格处用非谓语动词，Dan 和 want 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表
主动，故填 wanting。
3 ．allowing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：传说罗马圆形大剧场是按照实用设计建造的，有 80 个拱形 入口，可以方便地进入 55000 名观众，他们按等级就坐。本句为 with 的复合结构， 80 arched
entrances 与 allow 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填 allowing。
4 ．to figure
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如果收益是未知的，我们就很难放弃它们。这就是 为什么进行活动检查如此重要。你必须花时间去计算机会成本， 每一种的收益， 以及要追求
什么。 take time to do sth.是固定短语，意为“花时间做某事” 。故填 to figure。
5 ．symbolizing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当风筝在空中时，人们会剪断绳子让纸风筝飘走，象征着 疾病的飞走。分析句子结构可知 symbolize 在句中应用非谓语动词形式， 此处与 people would cut off the stringy let the paper kite float away 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填
symbolizing。
6 ．consisting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：由资深医学专家组成的特别工作组将帮助指导方舱医院的治 疗。分析句意可知动词 consist“由……组成”此处需要使用现在分词表主动， 做 A special task
force“特别工作小组” 的后置定语。故填 consisting。
7 ． to be to have made
【详解】考查不定式。句意：A：谁被认为是计算机之父：Charles Babbage ，Alan Turing，
John Vincent Atanasoff，还是 John von Neumann？B：嗯，他们都被认为对计算机科学做出
了重要贡献。sb. be considered to do 是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事” ，句子陈述客观 事实，因此空格处用不定式的一般式，因此第一空是 to be；sb. be believed to do 是固定短语， 意为“某人被认为做某事”，他们已经做出了重要贡献， 因此第二空用不定式的完成式， 即 to
have done，因此第二空是 to have made。故填 to be ，to have made。
8 ．written
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jackboot 不得不去比利时教书。他的学生只会说 Flemish， 而他只会说法语。他给学生一本用他的母语写的小说和一本法语词典。分析句子可知， gave
是谓语，空格处要用非谓语动词，动词 write 和所修饰的名词 novel 之间是逻辑动宾关系，
所以需要用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填 written。
9 ．donating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他自愿帮助控制交通，每周抽出一小时的时间。句中谓语 是 volunteered，前后无连词，空格处用非谓语动词， He 和 donate 之间是主谓关系，空格处
用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填 donating。
10 ．is
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：画质和特效都要好得多。主语后跟 as well as… ，谓 语动词仍然要与主语 The picture 保持一致，be 动词用单数，且句子表达的是一般的状况，
所以用一般现在时。故填 is。
11 ．serving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国传统的插花艺术，最初是作为寺庙的供品和宫殿的装 饰， 已经存在了几个世纪。分析句子结构可知 serve 在句中应用非谓语动词形式， 与逻辑主 语 The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故
填 serving。
12 ．attempting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，他看到一位盲人正在试图过马路。分析句子结构可
知，固定搭配 watch sb. doing sth.，表示“看到某人正在做某事” 的意思。故填 attempting。
13 ．attempting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：女演员 Olivia Colman 在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对 于许多因人类活动而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说， 海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海 洋中回家的故事是一个现实。” 本句已有系动词 is 且无连词，动词 attempt 用非谓语形式，
逻辑主语 this turtle family 与动词 attempt 是主谓关系，attempt 用现在分词（doing）表主动，
作后置定语，修饰名词 this turtle family。故填 attempting。
14 ．eating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现情绪会刺激他们在不饿的时候吃东西，这往往 会导致他们从营养价值低的食物中摄入太多卡路里。固定搭配 lead to“导致”，to 是介词， 后
接动名词。故填 eating。
15 ． seated looking
【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：在他去学校的路上， 他发现一位老太太坐在路边， 看起来很担心。第一个空为 find+sb +形容词，形容词为 seated，表示状态。第二个空与和
he 在逻辑上为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填 seated ，looking。
16 ．to change
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们试图改变她的想法，但是她拒绝了。根据句意及句子 结构可知，该空格处表意为“寻求/谋求做某事” ，seek 后接动词作宾语时，应用动词不定式
形式，故填 to change。
17 ．to improve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没 有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知， 空处修饰名词 efforts，表示“做某事的努力”
应用 the efforts to do sth.结构，其中不定式作后置定语。故填 to improve。
18 ．to blame
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：炎热的天气是缺水的部分原因。句中 be to blame for 为固 定短语， 意为“ 对 …… 应负责任；应该为某事负责任”。故使用不定式作表语。故填 to
blame。
19 ．(in) getting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这支队伍在到达地震灾区时遇到了很大的困难。短语 have
touble (in) doing sth. ，动名词作宾语。故填(in) getting。
20 ．painted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大量的学生绘画作品正在展出。paint 和 works 是逻辑动
宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填 painted。
21 ．Presented
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：举个例子，面对两份工作，我们可能想知道我们到底在什 么之间选择。present 与逻辑主语 we 之间为被动关系， 应用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字
母大写。故填 Presented。
22 ．to go
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们都敦促他继续自己的计划。根据句意可知，此处意为 “敦促某人做某事” ，表达为 urge sb. to do sth.，故此处应用动词不定式作宾补，故填 to go。
23 ．did
【详解】考查倒装。当 only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时， 主句要用部分倒装， 即把助动词放 在主语的前面。此处 only 跟时间状语从句 when he reached the tea－house 位于句首， 所以在
用部分倒装。故填 did。
24 ．was watching
【详解】考查谓语。句意：他告诉我们他当时在看电视而不是在写作业。根据句子结构和意 思可知， 这里考查过去进行时的谓语动词， 有时间状语“then”表示强调这个动作当时正在发
生。主语是“he”，所以 be 动词用单数形式 was 。故填 was watching。
25 ．felt
【详解】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped” 可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉” ，为感官动词，用
主动形式表示被动含义， “feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填 felt。
26 ．put
【详解】考查动词。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他 把手放进冷水里。结合句意此处 make 为使役动词，make sb do sth 意为“使某人做某事，让
某人做某事” 。故填 put。
27 ．disapprove
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：我不同意你说的话，但我愿意誓死捍卫你说话的权利。根 据所给动词 approve 和第二个句子的句意转折可知，空格处应该填入 approve 的反义词
disapprove 作谓语；根据句意可知，该句子应该用一般现在时。故填 disapprove。
28 ．related
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：根据粮农组织的数据，2020 年有超过 1.55 亿人经历了严重的
粮食不安全， 是过去五年来的最高数字。。】这是由冲突、极端气候和与新冠相关的经济冲
击引起的。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为 was caused，由句意可知，设空处是非谓语作后 置定语。逻辑主语 economic shocks 和 relate 为动宾关系，应该用过去分词表被动来作后置
定语。故填 related。
29 ．varying
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：当伽利略把不同重量的物体从比萨斜塔上扔下来，并计算它
们落地的时间的时候，他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。分析句子可知，空处应填现在分词 varying，
作定语修饰名词 weights，表示“可变化的” ，也就是说本来是一个东西，但是没有固定参数， 这里是指不同参数下的重量。而形容词 various 表示“各种各样的，具有不同特征的” ，不符
合句意。故填 varying。
30 ．attracted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，他回到乌兹别克斯坦 写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。分析句子， 句中 return 为谓语动词， 设空处应该使用非谓语 动词。同时， 逻辑主语 he 与 attract 之间为被动关系， 故要用过去分词作状语。故填
attracted。
31 ．staying
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我不愿意和他说话，经常违反他的不能和朋友在外面呆得太晚
的规定。分析句子可知，设空处做介词 of 的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填 staying。
32 ． Based unlike
【详解】考查非谓语动词及介词。句意：根据中国古典神话的著名作品《封神英雄榜》改编， 哪吒被描绘成不被看好的反抗者， 他不得不克服困难和黑暗的命运才能成为英雄， 这与他之 前电影作品中惹人喜爱的英雄角色不同。根据句意及谓语动词 is 可知，第一空应填非谓语 动词。主语 Ne Zha 与 base 是动宾关系，故用过去分词 based，位于句首，开头字母大写， 故第一空填 Based。根据句意及句子结构可知， 第二空表示“与他之前电影作品不同” ，故填
介词 unlike。故答案为①Based；②unlike。
33 ．informing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统包括六个摄像头，用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料， 当需要解决问题时通知农民。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语； 主语 This system 与 inform 之
间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 informing。
34 ．Dating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这是一个具有历史意义的最大的圆形剧场。它可以追溯到公
元 70 年，是罗马帝国保存最完好的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，谓语动词为后文 is，故空处 需要填非谓语动词； it 与 date 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词 dating，置于句首，首
字母“D”大写。故填 Dating。
35 ．asked
【详解】考查省略句。句意：你可能听说过，大多数加拿大人希望政府在气候问题上做得更 多。三分之二的公众在被问及这一问题时是这么回答的。此处 when 引导时间状语， 是一个 省略句， 当状语从句中， 主语和主句主语相同， 且有 be 动词时， 主语和 be 动词可省略， ask 与主语 two-thirds of the public 之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词，还原后为：when they are
asked。故填 asked。
36 ．exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在唐代，大约公元 850 年， 一位富有进取心的炼金术士创 造了一种混合物，这种混合物对延长寿命没有明显效果，但当暴露在明火中时爆炸了。be exposed to“暴露于 ……”为固定短语，此处省略 be 用过去分词和 when 构成时间状语。故填
exposed。
37 ．to survive
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1988 年， Shi 第三次挑战狼窝沙。这一次，他掌握了一种 新的技术，使大多数种植的树木能够存活下来，存活率远远超过 80%。分析句子可知，设 空处在定语从句中作非谓语， 固定短语 enable…to do sth， 意为“ 使 …… 能够做某事”，
“survive”意为“存活” ，动词词性，故空格处应填“to survive”。故填 to survive。
38 ．to be held
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：除了开幕式，文化节期间还将举行一系列精彩的活动。旅 游方面，将精品景区、乡村旅游、购物旅游资源充分整合。短语 be scheduled to do 意为“计 划做某事” ，是固定短语；activity 与 hold 之间为被动关系，活动是被举办，此处需用不定式
的被动式 to be held。故填 to be held。
39 ．To create
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了制作这部电影，英国绿色和平组织与阿德曼动画公司 以及奥斯卡获奖演员和明星合作。此处用动词不定式（to do）做目的状语， 首字母大写。故
填 To create。
40 ．To remember
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了记住你不在医生办公室时遇到的所有问题，请将它们
写下来并随身携带清单去预约。分析句子结构可以看出，此空处为非谓语动词短语作状语， 结合语意可知，此处为不定式作目的状语，且在句首，注意要大写单词首字母。故填 To
remember。
41 ．Growing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她在新疆长大，受到多民族文化的影响，在保护和推广传 统民间艺术的同时，致力于用剪纸讲述新疆的故事。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；逻辑主 语 she 与 grow up 之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式构成现在分词短语作状语；句首单词首
字母要大写；故填 Growing。
42 ．defined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学被定义为对地球的研究， 一直专注于地图。但绘制 地图并不总是那么容易。分析句子可知谓语动词为 has had，所以 define 应使用非谓语动词 形式， 结合句意可知 define 和逻辑主语 Geography 之间是被动关系， 应用过去分词作后置定 语， 修饰名词 Geography。结合介词 as 可知此处是固定搭配 defined as 表示“被定义为”。故
填 defined。
43 ．finding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我们离找到答案又近了一步。根据开普勒太空望远 镜的观测， 与我们太阳温度相当的恒星中， 大约有一半的恒星表面可能存在一颗能够支持液
态水的岩石行星。空格前的 to 是介词，后面应用动名词形式。故填 finding。
44 ．settled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你如何定义成功，请记住，我们生来要过我们真正想 要和应得的生活， 而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。分析句子结构可知， 动词 settle 在句中应 用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 lives 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，表示被动，
作定语。故填 settled。
45 ．to be looking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信骑摩托车的人都是坚强的，是穿皮衣的独行者。他 们好像一直在找麻烦，用摩托车引擎的轰鸣声把别人吓走。seem 后接动词不定式 to look ， 且此处强调动词不定式动作一直持续反复进行，所以用动词不定式的进行形式，故填 to be
looking。
46 ．sharpening/to be sharpened
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：机械铅笔不仅比传统的提康德罗加铅笔更方便，因为它们
从不需要削尖；而且它们还能产生更薄、更清晰的线条，这对画画的人和绘图员来说极为重 要。need doing /need to be done“需要(被)做某事” ，此时主语与 do 之间为被动关系。故填
sharpening/to be sharpened。
47 ．placing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在摩托车后座，把信任给安全带你回家的人，这是一种
提醒你他们爱你的方式。此处缺少主语，应用动名词做主语，故填 placing。
48 ．focused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Elyse 说， “我不得不说，除非我们想要一个只注重让人们 成为消费者而不是帮助他们成为生产者的教育体系， 否则这种只强调阅读的教育——在很多 地方确实存在——是非常目光短浅的。 ”所给单词 focus 意为“集中，聚焦于”，动词词性， focus on 意为“关注”，句中有谓语动词 want 且句中无连词， 故应用 focus 的非谓语动词形式， system 与 focus 之间为逻辑上被动关系， 应用 focus 的过去分词 focused，作定语修饰 system。故填
focused。
49 ．estimated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该报告基于对 8 至 12 岁儿童的小组访谈，显示尽管大多 数社交媒体网站的官方年龄限制为 13 岁， 但估计 75%的 10 至 12 岁儿童将拥有社交媒体账 户。根据句意及空后 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds 可知，后文是被估计的内容，应用过去分词，
表被动，作定语。故填 estimated。
50 ．labelling /labeling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多方面，地理学是一门被遗忘的科学。即使是“地理” 这个词也容易让人想到学生在社会研究课上给地图贴标签。但事实并非总是如此。分析句子 可知谓语动词为 tends to，所以动词 label(贴标签)应使用非谓语动词形式作宾补， 与 label 逻 辑 主 语 students 之 间 为 主 动 关 系 ， 应 使 用 现 在 分 词 表 主 动 ， label 的 现 在 分 词 为
labeling/labelling。故填 labeling/labelling。
51 ．entitled
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在自传《我为何而生》的序言中，罗素指出了支配他一生的 三种激情。动词 entitle 意为“给……命名， 给……题名” ，和谓语之间没有连词， 和逻辑主语
autobiography 构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填 entitled。
52 ．to be correct/correct
【详解】考查表语。句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。此处考查系
动词 prove+(to be)+adj，设空处应填形容词 correct 或不定式 to be correct ，作表语。故填 to be
correct/ correct。
53 ．Faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这个严重的问题，他不知所措。句子结构分析可知，
设空处为非谓语动词，句中主语“he”与动词 face 是逻辑上的被动关系，填过去分词 faced，
短语 be faced with 意为“面临” ，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填 Faced。
54 ．Given
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果再给他们一次机会，他们将会做得更好。分析句子结 构和意思可知，动词 give 和逻辑主语 they 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表
示被动。故填 Given。
55 ．Taken
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们被带着四处参观， 城市的新面貌给我们留下了深刻印象。 根据“were impressed”可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词形式。Take around 表 示“带某人四处参观” ，take 和主语 we 之间是被动关系，且表示动作已经完成，故用过去分
词作状语。故填 Taken。
56 ．sending
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：有人建议送刘翔去美国治疗。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定 短语“suggest doing sth.”，意为“建议做某事” ，“send”意为“安排去” ，动词词性， 动名词形式
为“sending”。故填 sending。
57 ．to be greeted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场演出原本是为了取悦观众，吸引观众的注意力，结果 却招来了一阵尴尬的沉默。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“only+to do”结构，表示出 乎意料的结果， 且 performance 和 greet 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用动词不定式的被动语
态。故填 to be greeted。
58 ．Moved
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩被这出戏感动了，哭了起来。分析句子可知，此
空应填非谓语，且 the girl 和 move 为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，且句首时单词首字
母应大写。故填 Moved
59 ．to discuss
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有几个问题要和你讨论。根据句意可知，此处表示“有
几个与你讨论的问题”，discuss 还未发生， 所以应使用不定式作后置定语， discuss 与 questions 间为被动关系， 但此处 discuss 的发出者为句子主语， 应用主动形式表被动。故填 to
discuss。
60 ．to be watering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我走进院子时，她假装在浇花。动词 pretend 后跟不定 式作宾语，结合句意，表示“正在浇花”，应用不定式的进行式to be watering。故填to be watering。
61 ．to have taken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她为昨天参加了如此盛大的活动而感到自豪。根据空前的 “was proud”可知设空处应填动词不定式， be proud to do sth 意为“因做……而自豪， 自豪做某 事” ；根据句意可知，take part in such a great activity 发生在谓语“was proud”之前，设空处应
填不定式的完成式 to have taken。故填 to have taken。
62 ．surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，中心是紫禁城，被内城和外城围成同心圆。句子 的谓语为 was ，设空处为非谓语动词，surround 与逻辑主语 the Forbidden City 为动宾关系，
应用过去分词，作状语。故填 surrounded。
63 ．dropped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸福就像一颗小石头掉进池塘里，激起一圈涟漪。此处 drop 意为“投， 丢” ，drop 与逻辑主语 stone 构成被动关系， 应用过去分词， 作后置定语。故
填 dropped。
64 ．Dressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫穿着象征纯洁和力量的全套冰衣，戴着带彩色光环的 头盔。固定搭配 be dressed in“穿着” ，省去 be 动词， 使用过去分词作状语， 句首单词首字母
大写。故填 Dressed。
65 ．to get
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1970 年，在刚果民主共和国加紧努力消灭天花期间，记 录了第一例猴痘人间病例。分析句子， 句中 was recorded 为谓语动词， 设空处使用动词不定
式作后置定语。 get rid of 为固定短语，意为“处理” 。故填 to get。
66 ．to be hurt
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动式。句意：Henry 说： “ 我只是不想让这个男孩受到伤
害。”want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事，动词 hurt 和宾语 the

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