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选择性必修三 第二单元单词学案
1.astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 (spaceman/taikonaut)
A rocket manned by trained astronauts will launch soon.
2.gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃
Gravity causes these objects to fall to earth.
The stone rolled down the hill by gravity.
He doesn’t seem to understand the gravity of the situation.
She does not know the gravity of her illness.
3.absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席
His long absence raised fears about his safety.
We are in the absence of experience.
The absence of color in that drawing make it dull.
The absent-minded boy is always losing his books.
You will have to put up with Grace’s absent-mindedness.
Love was totally absent from his childhood.
in the absence of… 在缺乏…的情况下
in/during one’s absence在某人不在的时候
absent adj. 缺席的，不在的；不存在的，缺少的；心不在焉的，出神的
be absent from 不在，缺席
absent-minded a.心不在焉的
单句语法填空
① There were so many people (absence) from the meeting that it had to be put off.
② Her (absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
③ the absence of any further evidence, the police were unable to solve the murder.
4.float vi.飘动,漂流;浮 vt.使浮动
There is not enough water to float the ship.
These plants float on the surface of the water.
Idle thoughts floated through his mind.
5.cupboard n. 柜橱; 碗橱; 衣柜; 壁橱
I put the dishes in the cupboard.
Hang up your coat in the cupboard.
6.ceiling n. 天花板; 上限
The low ceiling of the room gave me a feeling of oppression.
Still, if there’s not yet any discernible ceiling on brain-healthy exercise, there is a floor.
7.bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；打扰；花费时间精力（做某事） vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n. 麻烦，困难
I’m sorry to bother you again.
I’ve no time to bother with such things.
It bothers me that he can be so insensitive.
I was so uninterested in the result that I didn’t even bother to look at it.
The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
He didn’t even bother to say thank you.
I am afraid it was a bother for you to do this.
bother to do sth 费心去做某事
bother doing sth 麻烦做某事
sb cannot be bothered to do sth 某人嫌麻烦偷懒不做某事
have bother (in) doing sth. 干某事有麻烦/困难
It bothers sb. to do sth./that... 干某事使某人烦恼/担心
bothersome adj. 引起麻烦的；困扰人的；讨厌的
辨析bother/disturb/interrupt
（1）bother指为小事所“烦扰”，带有稍微抱怨的意味。
（2）disturb侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序。
（3）interrupt侧重打断某活动的进程，使其不能进行下去。
单句语法填空
①In fact, I don't want to bother her my problems all the time.
②What bother! We've missed the bus.
③ Father told Jack that the parcel had come, but Jack could not (bother) to open it.
辨析填空：bother／disturb／interrupt
④ I didn't want to him with my trifle.
⑤The naughty boy often the class.
⑥Please don't me while I am working in the bakery.
8.occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
Reading occupies most of my free time.
The enemy occupied the town.
What’s your occupation
occupy oneself with sth. 使某人忙于某事
be occupied with sth. 忙于某事
occupy oneself (in) doing sth. 使某人忙于干某事
be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于干某事
be occupied by 被……占领
keep sb. occupied 使某人忙碌
occupation n. 职业 [u/c]；占有，占领 [u]；使用，占用，居住 [u]
单句语法填空
①I don’t want to choose engineer as my (occupy) because I don’t want to devote my life to lifeless machines.
② (occupy) in making preparations for the coming exam, she couldn't afford any more time for the party.
③The capital has been occupied the rebel army.
9.mission n. 任务; 使命; 军事行动
He has been on a mission to help end Lebanon’s political crisis.
The minister was sent to Spain on mission.
My mission in life is to help poor people.
10.evaluate vt. 评价，评估，估计
The market situation is difficult to evaluate.
It may be too early to evaluate the impact of the plan.
The new scheme is still under evaluation.
evaluation n. 评价；评估
11.creature n. 动物,生物; 人
We can’t see microscopic creature with naked eyes.
12.mosquito n. 蚊子
A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
13.microscope n. 显微镜
You’d need an extremely sensitive microscope.
under the microscope 被仔细检查
14.cast new light on... 使进一步了解......，给......带来新的希望，使人对......得到新的认识
Research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.
15.maintenance n. 维护,保养; 维持,保持
The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance.
He must pay maintenance for his three children.
The Parliament voted more funds to help maintain American forces.
This may help to maintain the gains you've made and to prevent backsliding.
16.circumstance n. 条件, 状况; 境况
In the circumstances, his plans looked highly appropriate.
Under no circumstances should you ever smoke.
He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
in/under no circumstances “决不，无论如何不”，位于句首时，需部分倒装。
(= at no time/by no means/in no case/on no account/on no condition)
单句语法填空
① Under no (circumstance) will I give in to your unreasonable request.
② certain circumstances, I have to take risks to protect my kids.
17.exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道
Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media.
The budget does expose the lies ministers were telling a year ago.
The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.
Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.
单句语法填空
① Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed very loud music every day.
② Children (expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
③ (expose) to the(expose)to sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.
④Daniel's early (expose)to motor racing did not excite his interest.
18.radiation n. 辐射
Radiation may damage cells in a way that was previously unforeseen.
The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation.
The news of the radiation leak caused widespread public alarm.
radiate v. 辐射
19.visible adj. 看得见的，明显的
The first signs of economic decline became visible.
The tower was visible from afar.
They found a bacterium visible to the human eyes.
She was invisible in the darkness of the room.
visibly adv. 明显地
单句语法填空
① At one point, my teacher approached me, (visible) angry about my impolite behavior.
② The star is visible the naked eyes.
③Above him, an (visible) plane droned through the night sky.
20.in view of 鉴于，考虑到
In view of the above-mentioned facts, we wish to make the following proposals.
In view of the fact that he was only a student, his achievements were remarkable.
21.luxury n.不常有的乐趣; 奢侈品
Perfume was an expensive luxury.
They live in luxury in a very big house.
He has been longing for a luxurious life.
22.tube n. 管，管子，软管
23.furthermore adv. 此外
The house is too small, and furthermore, it’s too far from the office.
24.pill n. 药丸，药片
How long does a sleeping pill take to work
25.vital adj. 必不可少的，至关重要的，必要的，关键的; 生死攸关的; 有朝气的，充满活力的; 维持生命所必需的
Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
She’s a very vital sort of person.
Confronted with such a vital problem of life and death, he looked as cool as a cucumber.
Reading is of vital importance in language learning.
be vital to/for 对...是至关重要的
It is vital to do 做某事是至关重要的
It is vital that... (that 从句谓语用should do 形式) ...是至关重要的
26.discipline vt. 训练; 惩戒, 处罚;严格要求自己 n. 训练; 自制力; 纪律; 行为准则
It showed that they had been well disciplined.
Children need discipline.
He disciplined himself to exercise at least once a week.
self-discipline 自律
discipline oneself to do sth. 严格要求自己做某事
be disciplined for... 因...而受处罚
maintain discipline 维持纪律
单句语法填空
①Discipline (your)to check your messages once a day or every couple of days.
②Dieting is a matter of (discipline) yourself.
③The worker was disciplined coming late.
27.leisure n. 空闲，闲暇，悠闲
Biking is my favorite leisure activity.
I have no leisure for playing cards.
I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.
We walked leisurely into the hotel.
At one’s leisure 空闲时
During/in one's leisure time 在某人闲暇时间
Leisurely adv. 悠闲地 adj.不慌不忙的
单句语法填空
①They set off at a leisure (leisure) pace.
28.crew n. 全体工作人员; 全体船员; 全体乘务员;专业团队
The crew welcomed us aboard.
The plane crashed, killing all its passengers and crew.
We are a happy crew in our office.
29.permanent adj. 永恒的，永久的，永远的
Permanent data deletion usually requires several steps.
These factors usually have a longer and more permanent impact on share prices.
She decided to settle permanently in China.
The spoken word is immediate but lacks permanence.
单句语法填空
①Heavy drinking can cause (permanence) damage to the brain.
②His confidence had been ()permanent) affected by the failure.
30.altogether adv. 完全; 总共; 总之
He bought altogether 500 hectares of land.
There are ten people altogether.
I am altogether on your side in this matter.
31.kit n. 成套设备; 配套元件
Our kit consists of backpacks, sleeping-bags, and a stove.
32.telescope n. 望远镜
What is the range of this telescope
33.universe n. 宇宙, 天地万物
the universe 宇宙
The depth of the universe is immeasurable.
The desire to look attractive is universal
The theory does not apply universally.
单句语法填空
①Smiling is apparently a (universe) sign of friendliness.
②It’s hoped that the telescope will enable scientists to see deeper into universe than ever before.
③It is (universal) acknowledged that air and water are very important to man.
34.crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
Her work has been crucial to the project's success.
The battle had reached a crucial stage.
It is crucial that all students develop these basic skills.
be crucial to 对...是至关重要的
play a crucial part/role in sth在...方面起到非常重要的作用
be of crucial importance是至关重要的
It is crucial that... 极其重要的是...
crucially adv.至关重要的，关键地
crucially important极其重要
35.orbit v.围绕…运动 n.(天体)轨道
Ground controllers will then fire the booster, sending the satellite into its proper orbit.
The space shuttle will orbit a weather satellite.
The planet is probably in orbit around a small star.
orbit around 绕...运行
in obit 在轨道上
单句语法填空
① In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite (orbit)the earth.
② The two spacecraft will link up orbit.
36.astronomer n. 天文学家
37.merely adv. 仅仅，只不过
I accepted this job merely for the high salary.
It took her a mere hour to win
mere adj. 仅仅的
38.administration n. 行政部门; 管理, 行政
The country is under UN administration.
He works in hospital administration.
The company developed rapidly under his administration.
39.agency n. 机构; 代理处
We had to hire maids through an agency.
He worked for an advertising agency.
Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.
prise vt. 包括，包含; 组成，构成
Farmers comprise just 1.2 per cent of the country’s population.
Fifteen separate republics comprised the Soviet Union.
A cricket team is comprised of eleven players.
The collection comprises 324 paintings.
41.scan vt. & vi. 仔细察看; 扫描; 浏览,快读 n. 扫描检查; 快速查阅
I just had a quick scan through your book again.
She scanned his face, looking for signs of what he was thinking.
The doctors gave him an ultrasonic brain scan.
42.plain to see 显而易见
His devotion to music is plain to see.
43.foundation n. 基础, 根据; 地基; 创办
His story had no foundation in reality.
He has already transferred ownership of most of the works to a British foundation.
There have been continued financial problems since the foundation of the university.
All these have laid a solid political foundation for consolidated national unity.
How long will it take to finish digging the foundations
The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.
lay the foundation for... 为......打下基础
without foundation 没有根据
单句语法填空
①Failure can lay the solid (found) for your future success.
②Careful planning laid the foundation the nation's economic miracle.
③The People's Republic of China (found)on Oct. 1, 1949.
44.purse n. 资金；财源；女士的钱包
45.tale n. 讲述；故事；叙述
Their love story sounds like a fairy tale.
I’ve had a close encounter with Chase Ambrose and lived to tell the tale.
46.origin n. 起源, 起因; 出身
The social unrest has its origins in economic problems.
The family had its origin in Canada.
His family is Portuguese in origin.
I think you should go back to your original plan.
All these theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
单句语法填空
①Many buildings on campus are his (origin) creations.
②My early intention of gardening may not have originated my love for nature.
③The symbol of the organization was (original)just the red cross.
④Their medical problems are basically physical origin.
47.shuttle n.航天飞机，往返两地之间的航班、班车、火车vi. & vt. 频繁往来于两地之间
This morning’s launch of the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed.
There is a shuttle service between the city center and the air station.
We shuttled the passengers to the city center by helicopter.
48.frequency n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率
He tuned his radio to the police frequency.
My judgement was frequently faulty, but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned.
He comes to visit me frequently.
His visits to the park became less frequent.
frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的
frequently adv. 频繁地，经常
单句语法填空
①The newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless (frequent)used in everyday life.
②The (frequent)of the whale theft in the Bering Sea's continental shelf is increasing.
③There is a (frequency) bus service onto the center of town.
49.hydrogen n. 氢气，氢
50.rocket n. 火箭，火箭武器
A rocket manned by trained astronauts will launch soon.
The price of oil has suddenly rocketed up.
51.motive n. 原因，动机，目的
They have not been able to establish a motive for the attack.
His love of money is the only motive that drives him to work so hard.
How do you motivate him to work hard and efficiently.
He said that pay was his main motivation for working.
52.investment n. 投资; 投入
Antiques are a very safe investment.
Great changes are in prospect in this area due to foreign investment.
They are willing to invest time and energy in the scheme.
They had the foresight to invest in new technology.
Jeremy is a highly successful investor due to his professional knowledge.
invest... in/on 把...投入...
investor n.投资者
53.calculate vt. 计算，核算; 预测
Calculate the angles between the walls and the base of the pyramid.
Scientists have calculated that the world’s population will double by the end of the century.
Our guess was confirmed by calculation.
54.coverage n. 新闻报道; 覆盖范围; 信息范围
The wedding got massive media coverage.
This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.
Do not try to cover a mistake.
The front cover of the novel has been torn off.
Media/newspaper/press coverage 媒体/报纸/新闻报道
55.mechanic n. 机械工，机械师，技工
56.assistant n. 助理; 售货员 adj. 助理的
We have a vacancy for an editorial assistant.
She is an assistant teacher in our school.
57.incredibly adv. 非常，极其，不可思议地，难以置信地
Incredibly, some people don’t like the film.
Their father was incredibly good-looking.
It's incredible that he survived the fall.
单句语法填空
①I'm (incredible)grateful for what the company has provided for me.
② He used his (credible) sense of humour to lift my spirits.
58.dust n. 尘土，粉尘，灰尘，粉末，尘埃
Dust carpeted the town’s main street.
A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture.
59.shelter n. 居所，住处; 遮蔽物; 躲避处，避难所; 庇护 vt. 庇护，保护，收留，遮蔽 vi. 躲避，避难
It is natural to shelter from a storm.
There was no shelter anywhere from the rain.
The refugees’ main requirements are food and shelter.
In the storm I took shelter under the tree.
60.constant adj. 固定的,不变的; 连续发生的
The machinery requires constant maintenance.
The speed of light is an important constant.
Language in constantly and gradually evolving.
单句语法填空
① The direction of the wind is (constant) changing.
② However, mankind destroyed the habitats of the wildlife (constant).
61.nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的; 核武器的
I’m against nuclear testing.
I’d like to see Europe as a nuclear-free zone.
A nuclear family consists of parents and their children only.
答案：
absence:absent;absence;In
bother：with；a；be bothered；bother；disturbs；interrupt
Occupy:occupation;Occupied; by
Circumstance: circumstances;In/Under
Exposure:to; exposed; Exposure/Being exposed;exposure
Visible:visibly; to;invisible
Discipline：yourself；disciplining；for
Permanent:permanent; permanently
Universe:universal;the; universally
Obit：to obit; in
Foundation:foundation；for；was founded
Origin:original; from;originally; in
Frequency:frequently;frequency;frequent
Incredibly:incredibly;incredible
Constant: constantly;constantly

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