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人教版选择性必修一 Unit 2课文翻译+单元知识点汇总
U2课文翻译+单元知识点汇总
一
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER
智能家居让生活更轻松
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
你曾经忘记锁门吗？或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？这种事情经常发生在我们身上，浪费资源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门；当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。这些智能住宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。
Intelligent Controls（智能控制）Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器 。在未来，我们每天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开和关闭开关。你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。并且你会发现你的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。
Regular Health Checks定期健康检查In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题，它会向你的手机发送警告。它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录你的健康状况。如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。
No More Disasters没有更多的灾难Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
智能家居将能够防止事故造成的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解决这个问题。
This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已经可以使用并且正在一些家庭中使用。从这种意义上来讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
二．
SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY
我们应该抵制新技术吗？
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
今天早上，我看到了一个令人震惊的标题：“无人驾驶模式下的车祸导致乘客死亡”。在这篇文章中，很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们应该停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。该报报道称，该汽车公司已经就这次事故道歉，但死者家属表示这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然宣称，不久的将来，大多数人将乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。最著名的可能是阿曼门诺派，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们没有汽车、不开车，不看电视，也不使用互联网。自18世纪以来，他们主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们可能也会以同样的方式生活。他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。他们认为这比关心奢侈品或追随富人和名人的生活要好。甚至可以说，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在自然环境中，欣赏自然，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。例如，最新的天气跟踪计算机程序给人们提供了许多关于潜在自然灾害的警告，这挽救了许多人的生命。此外，互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。它还让人们更容易在生活中寻找机会，因为它让人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益匪浅。我通过一个社交媒体网络找到了我作为AI设计师的职业生涯。我一直戴着健康监测器，它也帮助我进入了最佳状态。当然，当新技术改变了我们的生活方式，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化积极的一面，接受它，而不是抵制它。
单元知识点汇总
一、重点词汇
1.persuade sb.to do sth.
＝persuade sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb.not to do sth.
＝persuade sb.out of (doing) sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb.of sth./ persuade sb.that... 使某人相信……
[名师点津]
persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb.to do sth.或try to persuade sb.to do sth.
2.distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的；疏远的;心不在焉的
be + 距离 + distant from ... 离...（有...）远
→ distance n.[C,U]距离；远处
in the distance 在远处
→ distantly adv. 遥远地；冷淡地
3.secure adj. 安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt. 获得；拴牢；保护
feel secure about... 对...感到安心
be secure against/from... 没有...的危险
secure ... against... 保护...免于受到...(危害)
→ insecure adj. 不安全的；缺乏信心的
→ securely adv. 安全地；安心地；牢固地；有把握地
→ security n.[U]安全；平安
4.preference n.爱好; 偏爱
have a preference for ... 偏爱......
in preference to ... 优先于......;而不是......
give (a) preference to ... 给......以优惠；优待......
in preference to 优先于……
→ prefer v. 更喜欢...；喜欢...多于...
→ preferable adj. 更可取的，更适合的
5.command n.指令; 命令; 控制 vt.命令; 控制
(1)under the command of
＝under one's command由……指挥，由……控制
be in command of 控制……
take command of 控制……
have a command of... 了解/掌握……
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command＋that从句，谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”形式
6. available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；（人）有空的
be available for sth. 可用于...
be available to do sth. 可以做某事...
be available to/for sb. ...对某人来说是可以获得的
7. combine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合
combine...with/and...　把……与……结合起来
combine...into... 把……合成……
→ combination n. 结合；联合；化合(物)
8.predict vt. 预测；预言；预料
predict＋从句 预测……
predict＋ n. ＋to do... 预测……做……
It is predicted that... 据预测……
9.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
(1)oppose (doing) sth.
＝object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth.
＝ be against (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(to为介词)
as opposed to 而，相对于(表示对比)
【名师点津】
“反对(做)某事” 的多种表达：
be opposed to (doing) sth.
oppose (doing) sth.
object to (doing) sth.
be against (doing) sth.
10. advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护　n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者
They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community.
他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。
[知识拓展]
(1)advocate doing sth.主张/提倡做某事
advocate＋宾语从句(从句谓语用should＋动词原形，should可省略)
(2)an advocate for/of ……的支持/拥护者
11. resist vi.& vt. 抵制；反抗；抵挡
resist sb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物
resist doing sth. 抵制做某事
can't resist/help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
→ resistance n. 抗拒，反对
→ resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的
be resistant to... 对……有抵抗力
12.switch vt.转换；交换　vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变　n．开关；转换器；改变
(1)make a switch　改变
(2)switch off 关(电灯、机器等)；切断(电流、气体等)
switch on 开(电灯、机器等)；打开(开关)；接通(电流等)
switch (from...) to... (从……)转变成，(从……)转换到
switch sth.with sb. 和某人交换某物
13.instant n．瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的
in an instant(＝immediately)　立刻
the instant (that)
＝as soon as 一……就……
(at) any instant 随时；在任何情况下
for an instant 片刻；一瞬间
→ instantly adv. 立刻，马上
[名师点津]　
瞬间名词moment, instant, minute, second与定冠词the 连用可引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
14.absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席
absence from...缺席……；没参加……
absence of mind 心不在焉
during/in one's absence(＝in the absence of sb.) 当某人缺席/不在的时候
→ absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from... 缺席，不在
→ absentminded adj.心不在焉的
二、重点短语
1. no longer
= not ... any longer 强调时间上“不再...”，表示状态不再延续。
2. keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
3. can’t help but do sth.
4. sent out 发出(声音、信号、光等)；分发，散发
5. hang out 闲逛
6. on the one hand... on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
7. switch off/on关/开（电灯、机器等）
8. catch fire 起火；着火
9. in this sense (in...sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
in that sense 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
there's no sense in doing sth. 做……是没有道理/作用的
10. early on在初期；早先
at the earliest 作为最早日期，最早
early in life 早年的时候
early or late 迟早, 早晚
11. keep in touch (with...) (与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
get in/into touch with 和……取得联系
lose touch with 和……失去联系；对……变得生疏
be in touch with 同……有联系；了解……的情况
be out of touch with 同……失去联系；与……没有通信
三、重点句型
重点句式1　what引导名词性从句
(教材P14)…so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
……所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。
句式分析：句中what you want为what引导的名词性从句，作动词say的宾语。
[知识拓展]
(1)what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。
(2)what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。
(3)what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。
[名师点津]　名词性从句中的what与that
what引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。
重点句式2　“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
(教材P15)It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. 它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。
句式分析：句中how to sleep better为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。
(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
重点句式3　before引导时间状语从句
(教材P15)Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
句式分析：句中before引导的是一个时间状语从句。
[知识拓展]
(1)“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(2)“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(3)“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。
(4)“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。
It is possible that this technological fantasy will come true in the distant future.
这种技术幻想有可能在遥远的未来实现。
【析】句子结构 It + be + adj. +that......引导的主语从句
当that引导的从句作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把它移到句子后面，用it作形式主语，放到句首。that在句中仅起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。
It + be + adj. +that引导的主语从句句型中常见的形容词有obvious, clear, evident, true, possible, certain, likely, probable 等。
重点句式4　现在分词作定语
(教材P20)Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America.
最著名的可能是阿米什人，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。
句式分析：现在分词短语living in rural America作名词Christians的后置定语。
[知识拓展]
(1)现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
(2)单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。
重点句式5　make it ...(for sb.) to do...
(教材P20)Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外，互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。
句式分析：句中made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch为“make it ...(for sb.) to do...”结构，意为“使(某人)做(某事)成为……”，形容词possible是宾语补足语。
[知识拓展]
在make it...(for sb.) to do...结构中，it是形式宾语，to do...是真正的宾语。常用这种结构的动词还有find, feel, think, consider等。
重点句式6　as引导原因状语从句
(教材P20)It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
它还让人们在生活中寻找机会更容易，因为它让人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。
句式分析：as引导原因状语从句，既可放在主句前也可放在主句后。一般来说，as引导原因状语从句表示双方都知道的原因。
[知识拓展]
(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；一边……一边……；随着”。
(2)引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；就像”。
(3)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，从句应倒装。
(4)引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。

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