资源简介 冠词(一)冠词的概述与分类冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式.不定冠词有a/an,其中a用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前,而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前.定冠词有the.不定冠词的用法:a/anan 适用于元音音素:a o e i u 开头的字母比如 an apple/ an orange/ an elephant an exciting film / an idea an interesting story/ an umbrella/ an hourAn Asian actor特别需要注意的是:要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ /音时,单词前用an,如an umbrella,an unhappy boy ,an unusual day;当“u”发/ju /音时,单词前用a,如a university, a useful book a usual method一个欧洲国家: a European country不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思.a一般读作/ /,而an一般读作/ n/.1.不定冠词a/an可以指示不具体说明的某人某物,翻译成“有个、某个”A little boy is playing with his cat.有个小男孩和他的猫在一起玩.This picture is drawn by a famous painter.这幅画是某个著名画家画的.2.不定冠词a/an可用在单数可数名词之前,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时a book一本书 an apple一个苹果I lent him a book yesterday.我昨天借给了他一本书.I am reading an English book.我正在读一本英语书.不定冠词a/an可用来表示某一类的人或者物(泛指同一类事物范围内的任何一个,即举出一个代表一类);用在做表语或者同位语的名词前,泛指某人的职业,宗教阶级等。A tiger is a fierce animal.(虎是猛兽)=Every tiger is a fierce animal.A microscope is an instrument for examining very small things. 显微镜是检查很小物体的仪器。His mother is a teacher.他的母亲是老师.He became a famous artist.他成为著名艺术家He's a communist. 他是共产主义者4.不定冠词a/an可以表示“每”或者“一”per/的意思,用在时间、速度、价格、比率等意义的名词之前We have 18 lessons a week.我们每星期上18节课.He is driving at seventy miles an hour.他开车的车速是1小时70英里.I bought those apples for 2 yuan a kilogram.我以2元钱一公斤的价格买了这些苹果.5.用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”You can try it a second time if you fail.如果你失败了,可再试一次.6.用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前,表示“一阵(场、种)等” 【抽象名词具体化】He was caught in a heavy rain.他遇上了一场大雨.7.常用不定冠词的词组固定表达a little 有点 a few 几个 a lot of 许多have a look 看看 catch a cold 感冒 have a rest 休息一下(三)定冠词的用法1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,用来与同类中的其他人或事物相区分The book I am reading is Mary's.我正读的这本书是玛丽的. 特指我正在读的书The bowl on the table is not clean.桌子上的那个碗不是干净的. 特指桌子上的碗2.定冠词指上文中已提到过的人或事物,或者是双方都已经知道的人或事物【对比不定冠词第二点】Turn off the radio, please.请把收音机关掉.I bought a new coat yesterday. The coat is really nice.昨天我买了件新衣服.那件衣服真好看.3.定冠词用在形容词的最高级前面,用在世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前She is the most beautiful lady I have ever seen.她是我见过的最美丽的女士.the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球the sky 天空 the world 世界 the winter night 冬天的夜晚in the North 在北方The aurora in the North is the most beautiful thing in the world.4.定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物The tiger is a fierce animal.(虎是猛兽)5.定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,用来表示某一类人【the+形容词做主语,谓语做复数】the poor穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 伤员We should send the wounded to hospital as soon as possible. 我们应该赶紧把伤员送到医院去.6.用在序数词的前面,表示顺序。【对比不定冠词第5点】He was the first to come.他是第一个来的.You are the last person I want to see.你是我最不想见的人.7.定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称前面She likes to play the piano/the violin/the guitar.她喜欢弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他.8.定冠词用在由普通名词构成的专有名词之前(1)用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前We live near the Yellow River.我们住在黄河边上.The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.长江是中国最大的河.The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜马拉雅山位于西藏.(2)用在国家的名字之前【较为官方和正式的称谓】the people's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States of America 美利坚合众国9.定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人【the +姓名复数,谓语做复数】The Greens are very kind to me.格林一家人待我很好.(四)不使用冠词的场合1.在季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动和棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词Spring is cool and winter is pretty warm there.那里冬暖夏凉.I love playing football/chess.我喜欢踢足球/下国际象棋.备注:西方节日不加the, 但中国传统节日需要加the.2.专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词专有名词不加the的有:国际组织(WTO APEC) 企业名称(Google, Tencent, Facebook) 大学名称(Yale University),城市名称(New York) 广场名称(天安门广场,时代广场)This chair is made of wood.这把椅子是木头做的.【物质名词】Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。【抽象名词】备注:专有名词需要加the 的情况有:定冠词使用第8点:江河湖海山岛国需要加thethe Yangtze River长江the Yellow River黄河the Nile尼罗河the Amazon亚巴逊河the West Lake 西湖the East China Sea东海The Mississippi River密西西比河the Thames泰晤士河 the Pacific Ocean太平洋the Atlantic Ocean大西洋the Indian Ocean印度洋the Arctic Ocean北冰洋the Antarctic Ocean 南极海(来自牛津高阶词典)The Philippines 菲律宾(由菲律宾群岛组成)The Congo 刚果(因刚果河得名)The Netherlands 荷兰(历史上是低洼之地)the United States of America美利坚合众国(美国是总称,内有51个states构成)The USA 美国缩写the United Kingdom联合王国(英国是总称,内有三个kingdoms)The UK 英国缩写the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国 (定冠词用于国家全称,但有强调之意) 政党、党派、国家机关the Communist Party of China中国共产党the Democratic Party of America 美国民主党the Republic Party of America 美国共和党the Conservative Party of the U.K. 英国保守党the Ministry of Education教育部the State Council国务院the State Department美国国务院the House of Commons美国下议院3、建筑物名称the People's Hall 人民大会堂the National Gallery 国家美术馆the Military Museum 军事博物馆the Palace Museum 故宫博物院the Museum of Chinese History 中国历史博物馆the Capital Theater 首都剧场the Peace Hotel和平饭店the Pentagon五角大楼the White House白宫the Great Wall 长城3.表示一日三餐的名词之前不用冠词I had breakfast late this morning.我上午很晚才吃早饭.4.一些表示头衔或职务的名词前不用冠词We made him monitor of our class,我们选他当班长.5.语言的名称前不用冠词Many people in China can speak English now.现在许多中国人都能讲英语了.It's so hard to learn French.学习法语非常难.6.当名词前已有指示代词(this, that, these ,those),物主代词(my, your, his等),不定代词(some, any等)或名词所有格时,名词前不再用冠词This is my first story book.这是我的第一本故事书.7.某些固定词组不用冠词by air 搭乘飞机 on foot 步行at night 晚上 after school 放学后at home 在家 go to class 上课in fact 事实上 from morning till night 从早到晚day and night 日日夜夜 go to bed 上床睡觉(三)数词数词的定义和分类:【定义】表示数目多少或者顺序多少的词,叫做数词,数词分为基数词和序数词【分类】基数词:表示数字或者数量多少,如:one, two, three, four…序数词:表示顺序,“第……”,如:first, second, third, fourth…基数词1、基数词基本构成基数词读法英语是千分位制,所以没有万、十万、千万、亿的概念100-----百-----hundred1,000-----千-----thousand1,000,000-----百万-----million1,000,000,0000-----十亿-----billion注意:在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时,需在十位数前(若十位数是“0”,在个位数前)加连词and。342 ----- three hundred and forty-two 402 ----- four hundred and two1,342 ----- one thousand, three hundred and forty-two思考:阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个“,”隔开,从后往前数。英语中没有“万”和“亿”,如何表达相关数字?1万可以用10千来表示,即10,000(ten thousand)10万 就用100 个一千,即100,000(one hundred thousand)100,000,000 可以写成 a hundred million25,485 可以写成 twenty-five thousand, four hundred and eighty-five【考点】hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法与具体数词one, two…或several, some, many 等连用时,要用单数形式six hundred people 600个人three thousand students 3,000个学生many million books 几百万本书2、与of连用时,要用复数形式(后面要加s),但前面不能再加数词hundreds of people 成百上千的人thousands of students 成千上万的学生millions of books 数以百万计的书billions of bugs : 数以亿计的虫子序数词序数词基本构成数词的应用2-1 时间表达钟表:整点:seven o’clock(7点)半点:half past seven(7点半)几点过几分:7点零5分:five past seven 九点过六分:six past nine差几分几点:6点55分:five to seven 8点55分:five to nine、7点40分:twenty to eight十五分钟:quarter日期:1985年5月1日写作:May 1(st), 1985 读作: May the first, nineteen eighty-five写作:1(st) May, 1985 读作:the first of May, nineteen eighty-five年代:in the 1930s读作:in the thirties of the twentieth century/ in the nineteen thirties年龄:at the age of eighteight years oldeight-year-old (合成形容词)in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式,表示“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his seventies 在他70多岁时2-2分数的表达分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子大于1时,分母要用复数形式。one third 三分之一 one fourth one sixthtwo thirds 三分之二 two fifths three seventhsa/one quarter 四分之一three quarters 四分之三three and one fourth 三又四分之一2-3倍数的表达表示两倍用twice,表示三或者三以上的倍数用“基数词+times”。The room is twice as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。2-4 序数词前用the与a/an的区别【重要考点】“the+序数词”表示“第几……”“a/an+序数词”表示“又一,再一”I ate two apples, and the second one is sweeter.我吃了两个苹果,第二个更甜。The apple is very sweet, and I would like a second one.苹果很甜,我想再吃一个。2-5 another+基数词=基数词+more,表示“再,还……”My father will stay in Shanghai for another two weeks.我爸爸将在上海再待两周。I need two more chairs. 我还需要两把椅子。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览