八年级英语下第7单元Unit 7 International Charities单词翻译及知识点

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八年级英语下第7单元Unit 7 International Charities单词翻译及知识点

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Unit 7 International charities
一、单词:
especially [ s pe li] 特别,尤其
basic [ be s k] 基础的,基本的
education [ edj ke n] 教育
equal [ i kw( )l] 平等的
right [ra t] 权利
spread [spred] 扩散;分布;展开
interviewer [ nt vju ] 来访者
blindness 失明
mostly [ m stli] 主要地,大部分地
case [ke s] 病例;案列
cure [kj ] 治愈
medical [ med k( )l] 医学的,医疗的
treatment [ tri tm nt] 治疗
patient [ pe nt] 病人
afford [ f d] 买得起;能做
go to hospital 去看病
on board 在飞机(船、火车)上
operate [ p re t] 做手术
proud [pra d] 骄傲的,自豪的
reader [ ri d ] 读者
medicine [ med s n] 医学;药
develop [d vel p] 发展;加强
treat [tri t] 治疗;处理
carry on [ k r n] 继续开展,继续下去
leaflet [ li fl t] 传单;散页印刷品
hand out 分发;提出
hold [h ld] 容纳 v.拿住,握住,保留
set [set] 设置;放置,安置
set up 建起,设立
including 包括,包含
war [w ] 战争
organize [ g na z] 组织
pale [pe l] 苍白的
matter [ m t ] 事情,问题,物质,素材
check [t ek] 检查
secretary [ sekr tri] 秘书
make up one s mind 决定
India [ nd ] 印度
officer [ f s ] 官员
二、课文翻译:
Comic strip
– Eddie, more money is needed for charity. You have some pocket money left. Let’s go and donate it.
埃迪,慈善机构需要更多的钱。你还剩下一些零花钱。我们去捐了它吧。
– Now It’s time for lunch.
现在?现在是午饭时间了。
– Don’t worry. We can have a big lunch after that.
别担心。我们在那之后可以吃一顿大餐。
– Hobo, let me have lunch first. I’m too weak to walk any further.
霍波,让我先吃午饭吧。我太虚弱,走不动了。
– Come on, Eddie. We only have five kilometres left.
走吧,埃迪。我们只剩下五公里了。
Welcome to the unit
– Do you know about any international charities, class
同学们,你们了解任何国际慈善机构吗?
– Yes. I know about a charity called UNICEF.
是的。我知道一个叫联合国儿童基金会的机构。
– How does UNICEF help people
联合国儿童基金会如何帮助人们?
– It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world.
它帮助为所有人建立一个更好的世界,特别是为全世界的儿童。
– It provides basic education for children in poor areas.
它为贫困地区的孩子提供基础教育。
– It works for the equal rights of girls and women too.
它也同样为妇女和女孩争取平等权益。
– It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people.
它还致力于阻止类似艾滋病一类的严重疾病在年轻人之间传播。
– Perfect! You’ve done a good job.
太棒了!你的工作做得很好!
Reading
Interviewer: Dr Ma, please tell us something about blindness.
马医生,请给我们讲一讲关于失明的相关事情。
Dr Ma: About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment.
世界上大约有2.85亿的人失明或患有眼疾,大多数在贫困地区,而这些病例中大约80%能够被阻止或治愈。但是,很多人没有足够的钱进行医学治疗。
Interviewer: How does ORBIS help
奥比斯组织如何帮助人们?
Dr Ma: ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas.On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations. The plane is also used as a training centre.
奥比斯利用它的眼科飞机医院去到贫困地区。在飞机上,志愿者医生进行手术。飞机也可以作为培训中心使用。
Interviewer: Why don’t you work in a hospital
你们为什么不在医院工作?
Dr Ma: Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.We can teach them new skills. By training them, we hope to help more people.
我们的很多病人没钱去医院,所以我们得去他们那儿。同时,当地的医生和护士也被邀请到飞机上来学习眼部手术。我们可以教他们新技术。通过培训他们,我们希望能帮到更多的人们。
Interviewer: How many operations do you do during a visit
在一次访问中,你们要做多少台手术?
Dr Ma: During my last visit, I50 patients were operated on.
在我上一次访问中,有150位病人做了手术。
Interviewer: You’re doing a really important job.
你们在从事一项非常重要的工作。
Dr Ma: Thank you. I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives.
谢谢。我很骄傲能够帮助人们重见光明并提高生活质量。
Interviewer: Is there anything else you’d like to say to our readers
你还想对我们的读者说些什么吗?
Dr Ma: Yes. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.But more money is needed to carry on with our work. We hope more people will support us.
是的。现代医学发展很快,现在大多数眼疾能够治疗并治愈。但是需要更多的钱来治愈我们的工作。我们希望更多的人们来支持我们。
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma.
谢谢您的宝贵时间,马医生。
Speak up
– You look pale. What’s the matter
你看起来脸色苍白。怎么了?
– I don’t feel well. I’ve got toothache. It hurts.
我感觉不舒服。我的牙疼。它受伤了。
– How long have you felt like this
你疼了多久了?
– For about two days.
大概两天。
– OK. Open your mouth and let me have a check …. Well, it’s nothing serious. Take this medicine after meals three times a day. You’ll be all right in a few days.
好的。张开嘴巴,让我检查一下。……嗯,不严重。吃这种药,饭后服用,一天三次。几天就好了。
– OK. Thanks.
好的。谢谢。
Task
Diana was once a secretary of a big company. She lived in a comfortable flat and drove to work She travelled to many places,but she seldom took the plane. She was afraid of flying.
黛安娜曾经是一家大公司的秘书。她住在一座舒适的公寓里,而且开车去上班。她去过许多地方旅游,但是她很少坐飞机。她害怕飞行。
One day,Diana saw a TV programme about ORBIS. She learnt about the Flying Eye Hospital. She wanted to help poor people with eye problems see again,so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.
一天,黛安娜看到一个关于奥比斯的电视节目。她了解到关于这介飞行眼科医院的事情。她想帮助有眼痰的穷人重见光明,因此她决定接受护士培训,并在下班后去上课。
Diana is working for ORBIS now. She has to travel over 300 days a year. She is getting used to travelling by plane.
现在黛安娜在为奥比斯工作。她一年里必须旅行300多天。她习惯于乘飞机往来各地。
Diana enjoys her work She is glad to be able to help people see again. She does not have as much money as before,but she thinks her life is more meaningful.
黛安娜喜欢她的工作。她非常高兴能够帮助人们重见光明。她的钱不如以前多,但是她认为她的生活更有意义。
三、重要知识点
【词汇精讲】
1. especially
(1)especially表示“特别地”,用于修饰形容词或副词,强调程度。有时也修饰动词。
例如:
It is especially cold today.今天特别冷。
We are especially busy today.我们今天特别忙。
I’m feeling especially tired this evening.今天晚上我特别累。
I especially want to see that film.我特别想看那部电影。
(2)用于强调目的,意为“特意、专门”,通常与表目的的不定式或介词for短语连用。
例如:
We bought it especially for you.这是我们特意为你买的。
The book is written especially for children.
这本书是专门为孩子们写的。
(3)表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。
例如:
This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.
这条街很拥挤,尤其是星期天。
We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.
我们想邀请几个朋友,尤其是吉姆和约翰。
2. provide
provide作动词,意为“提供,供给”,常与介词 with连用,provide sb.with sth.表示“供应给某人某物”;也可以用于 provide sth. for sb.,表示“为某人提供某物”,provide的宾语是被提供的东西,for的宾语是接受这些东西的人等。
例如:
The Sun provides us with light and heat.=The sun provides light and heat for us.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
【拓展】
辨析:offer,provide与supply offer
offer 1)给予,提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。 2)愿意,试图(做某事);提议They offered to help me.他们表示愿意帮助我。 3)offer还有“出价,给工资”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
provide 1)作及物动词,“提供装备,供给”provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。 2)作不及物动词,“抚养,赡养”(+for)He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.
supply 作及物动词,“供给,供应;补充,满足”,其后常用介词to,for和with。We supply power to the three nearby towns.我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。
3. spread
(1)spread作动词,意为“伸展,延伸,张开”。
例如:
The young bird spread its wings.那只幼鸟伸展翅膀。
spread out a map 摊开地图
(2)spread还表示“薄薄地涂在……上”。
例如:
spread butter on bread=spread bread with butter.
在面包上涂奶油
(3)spread还表示“传播(消息等),(疾病)蔓延,撒(肥料等)”。
例如:
Don’t spread bad news不要传播坏消息。
Flies spread diseases.苍蝇传染疾病。
4. treatment
treat用作动词,意为“治疗”时,常用于“treat sb.for sth.”结构;还表示 “以……态度对待”常用于“treat…as/like sth.”结构。treatment是 treat的名词形式,意为 “对待;待遇;治疗”时,常用搭配有 medical treatment药物治疗; hospital treatment住院治疗
例如:
The dentist is treating my teeth.牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。
Marry treats me like one of the family.玛丽像家人一样的对待我。
In poor countries, many people don’t have money for medical treatment.
在贫穷国家很多人没钱进行药物治疗。
5. operate
(1)operate作不及物动词,意为“运作;营业;产生效果”。
例如:
The machine is not operating properly.机器运转得不正常。
His company operates in several countries.他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。
The medicine operated quickly.这药很快起了作用。
(2)operate作不及物动词,还意为“动手术”,后接介词on。
例如:
The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor.
医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。
(3)operate作及物动词,意为“操作;开动(机器)等”。
例如:
Who operates that machine 那台机器由谁操作
【拓展】
operate作名词,意为“操作;运转”,在医学上表示“手术” 。
例如:
The operation of this machine is simple.
这个机器的操作很简单。
The operation of a railroad needs many men.
铁路的营运需要很多人。
The operation saved her life.手术挽救了她的生命。
6. patient
(1) patient作为形容词,意为“有耐性的;忍耐的”。它的名词形式 patience,意思是“耐心;
容忍”。
例如:
Sorry. Doctor Song is quite busy now. You should be patient and wait for a few minutes.
对不起,宋医生现在很忙,你要耐心些,再等几分钟。
It was hard work and required all his patience.
工作很艰巨,需要他有极大的耐心。
(2)
patient还可以作名词,意为“病人”。
例如:
He is a patient with cancer. But he still lives quite happily every day.
他是一个癌症患者,但他每天仍然活得很快乐。
She was tough but wonderful with her patients.
她很严厉,但对患者却很好。
7. hold
hold是动词,意为“举行,举办,召开”,常可以用have来替换,过去式和过去分词均为held。
例如:
hold a meeting举行会议
hold a concert举行音乐会
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
【拓展】hold的其他含义:
hold 保持;维持 How long will this fine weather hold 这样的好天气能维持多久?
抓住;握住 He held the thief by the arm.他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。
容纳;包含 Our classroom can hold more than fifty students.教室能容纳50多个学生。
支撑……的重量 The chair can’t hold your weight.这把椅子不能承受你的重量。
短语 Catccatch hold of抓住;hold on(电话)别挂断;稍等
8. develop
(1)develop与into搭配,意为“发展成……”。
例如:
He has developed into an experienced leader.
他已经成长为一个有经验的领导。
(2)develop用作及物动词,意为“形成,养成”。
例如:
The best way to make us healthy is to develop healthy eating habits.
确保我们健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。
(3) develop用作及物动词,意为“使发展”。
例如:
He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China.
他说他们的国家希望发展和中国传统的友谊。
【拓展】
development是develop的名词形式,意为“发展,进展,开发”。
例如;
The development of the city needs careful planning.
城市的发展需要周密的计划。
Parents watch the development of a baby with interest.
父母怀着乐趣关注着婴儿的生长。
a developing / developed country发展中国家/发达国家
句式精讲
1. Eddie, more money is needed for charity.
句子用的是一般现在时的被动语态,表示“钱被慈善机构需要”,即“慈善机构需要钱”。被动语态的结构是:主语+be done(及物动词的过去分词),be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。
例如:
The desk is cleaned by me.我每天擦桌子(桌子每天被我擦)。
【拓展】
(1)一般现在时的被动语态:am/ is/ are done
例如:
The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.黑板每节课都要被学生擦干净。
(2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/ were done
例如:
The computer was invented last century.电脑是上个世纪被发明的。
(3)一般将来时的被动语态:shall/will be done
例如:
A new school will be built in our village next year.明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。
(4)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being done
例如:
A sports meeting is being held in our school now. 运动会正在我们学校举行。
(5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been done
例如:
All of the work has been finished since I came here.自从我来这里以来,所有的工作都已经完成。
(6)含有情态动词的被动语态:can/may/must/should be done
例如:
Your homework must be handed in after school. 你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。
2. The plane is also used as a training centre.
used常与 for或 as连用,构成短语 use...for,意为“用来做……;为了……而使用”,use...as 意为“作为……使用;用作……之意” 。例如:
Bamboo can be used for carrying water.竹子可以用来运水。
The computer can be used as a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。
【拓展】
used to后跟动词不定式,used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,暗示现在已经不再做某事。
be/get/become used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”。
例如:
He used to be a quiet boy.他过去是个安静的男孩。
He came from the north, so he wasn’t used to living in the south.
他来自北方,所以不习惯于住在南方。
2. Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital.
afford在此意为“买的起,支付的起”;常与 can, could, be, be able to连用,表示“为某目的有
足够的钱、时间、地方等负担,承担”。常接名词、代词或者动词不定式,多用于否定句中。
例如:
This kind of computer is too expensive and I can’t afford it.
这种电脑太贵了,我买不起。
At last I can afford a watch.我终于买得起一只手表了。
I could not afford so much money for a bicycle.
我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。
3. I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives.
proud是形容词,be proud to do sth.意为“为做某事而骄傲”。
例如:
We are proud to be a league member.我们为成为团员而骄傲
be proud of sth.意为“以……而骄傲”。例如:
I am very proud of being a Chinese.作为一名中国人我很自豪
【拓展】
pride是名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。
常用的结构:take pride in sth.意为“为某事骄傲”。
They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.
他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。
He is the pride of our city.他是我们城市的骄傲。
5. You’ll be all right in a few days.
in后接一段时间,经常用在一般将来时,表示一段时间后的行为状态。对一般将来时句子中的“in+一段时间”提问,要用how soon,表示“多久将做某事”。例如:
He will arrive in Beijing in three days.他将在三天后到北京。
How soon will he arrive in Beijing ?他将多久到北京?
【拓展】
(1)after和in均可与一段时间连用,表示“在……之后”,但 after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用;而 in则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。
例如:
He came back after three days.三天后他回来了。
I’ll come back in three days.我三天后回来。
I think he can come back in three days.我想他三天后可以回来。
(2)after除与一段时间连用外,还可与一点时间连用,此时可用于将来时(in不能与点时间连用)。
例如:
He will arrive after five o’clock.他五点钟以后到。

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