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郑州市2024年中招第一次适应性测试
英语试题卷
注意：本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。考试时间100分钟, 满分120分。 考生应首先阅读试题卷和答题卡上的文字信息, 然后在答题卡上作答, 在试题
卷上作答无效。交卷时只交答题卡。
一 、听力理解(20小题, 每小题1分, 共20分)
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。
1. Where did the boy go during the winter vacation 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Harbin. B. Sanya. C. Shanghai.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】略
2. What’s the time now 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 6:00. B. 6:30. C. 7:00.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】略
3. How does the boy improve his writing 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. By reading a lot.
B. By taking writing lessons.
C. By doing lots of exercises.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】略
4. What does the girl like about the movie 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Beautiful songs in it.
B. The educational story.
C. Strong wills of the actress.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】略
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The shopping list. B. The Chinese product. C. The big sale.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】略
第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中 所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答下列两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the man think of the shopping mall
A. New. B. Fun. C. Noisy.
7. Where are the speakers going
A. To the museum.
B. To the shopping mall.
C. To the swimming pool.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】略
听下面一段对话，回答下列两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Where does this conversation probably take place
A. At school. B. At a restaurant. C. At home.
9. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening
A. Go to a concert. B. Do homework. C. Have a music class.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】略
听下面一段独白，回答下列三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How’s the weather today
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
11. How long will the rain last
A. For three days. B. For five days. C. For seven days.
12. What activity might be a better choice for the weekend
A. Going camping. B. Going for a picnic. C. Going to the library.
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. C
【解析】
【原文】略
听下面一段对话，回答下列三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the latest scientific invention
A. An AI model. B. A housework robot. C. A smart watch.
14. What’s special about the invention
A. It can create texts.
B. It can predict the future.
C. It can make highly real videos.
15. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A. Cousins. B. Classmates. C. Neighbors.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【原文】略
听下面一篇短文。根据短文内容，按照你所听到的先后顺序将下列图片排序。短文读两遍。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. B. C. D. E.
16. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
【答案】 ①. D ②. B ③. E ④. A ⑤. C
【解析】
【原文】略
二 、阅读理解(20小题, 每小题2分, 共40分)
阅读下面四篇语言材料, 然后按文后要求做题。
A
Have you ever wanted to grow some vegetables at home Spinach (菠菜) is a great choice. It grows easily throughout the year.
When should you plant spinach
Spinach can grow in temperatures as low as -7℃, but that’s not good for its growth. Spinach grows best in temperatures between 15℃ and 27℃. Temperatures above 29℃ can influence its taste.
Where should you grow spinach
*Pot size: A pot of 15 to 20cm deep would be the best. Depending on your space, it can be as wide as you want.
*Earth: For growing spinach in pots, use a mix rich in nutrients (营养) .
Make sure it won’t take in water easily.
*Space: Give each spinach plant 7cm of space. If you want large leaves, give each plant a little more space.
*Position: If you are growing spinach in fall and winter, keep the plants in a sunny place. Make sure they receive at least four hours of direct sunlight every day. For spring and summer planting, put your plants in a place without much sunlight, especially in the afternoon.
▲____
*Watering: Keep the earth not too wet. Avoid watering the leaves.
*Fertilizing (施肥): To grow healthy spinach, you need to use a slow-release fertilizer. It will provide nutrients slowly.
When can you harvest (收获)
Spinach grows quickly. You can harvest when the plant has at least five healthy leaves(7-10 cm in length), usually within one month.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
17. What temperature is the best for spinach to grow
A. -7℃. B. 10℃. C. 20℃. D. 29℃.
18. Which of the following influences the size of spinach leaves
A. Earth. B. Space. C. Pot size. D. Position.
19. What is the most possible missing question for the ▲
A. What do you need to grow spinach
B. Why do you grow spinach at home
C. How often should you water spinach
D. How should you take care of your spinach
20. Who might be most interested in the text
A. The young who prefer taking risks.
B. The women who like doing exercise.
C. The old who are into outdoor activities.
D. The students who are in the gardening club.
21. What is the text
A. An instruction. B. An ad. C. A report. D. A review.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了种植菠菜的相关内容。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Spinach grows best in temperatures between 15℃ and 27℃.”可知，菠菜生长的最佳温度在15-27度之间。故选C。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据“If you want large leaves, give each plant a little more space.”可知，如果想要大叶子，就要给每株植物更多的空间，所以空间的大小会影响叶子的长势。故选B。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Watering...”和“Fertilizing...”可知，下文主要介绍了在菠菜生长过程中我们应该做什么。选项D“你应该如何照料你的菠菜”符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了菠菜种植的相关内容，属于园艺的范畴，所以D选项“园艺俱乐部的学生”会对此感兴趣。故选D。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Have you ever wanted to grow some vegetables at home ”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了如何种植菠菜，即种植方法说明。故选A。
B
Not long ago, two of my grandchildren came over for Sunday night family dinner. They walked in and made straight for the sofa to lie down. Aged 10 and 12, they pulled out their smartphones and started gaming.
It saddens me to watch them, and so many other kids today, consider gaming as play. When I was a kid, I knew how to play. When I wanted a metal pedal car (踏板车) like some of my rich friends, my father made me one out of wood. At first, I was ashamed of the homemade toy. But I soon began to like it when my friends all wanted a ride. Dad also built a huge playhouse and several tree houses. When I was older, he made me a high jump stand. Dad just loved building things or he really loved me, or maybe a little of both.
In my neighborhood, we didn’t have much to play with. For fun, we had to get creative. We put up tents in the backyard and camped out. At night, we looked for something interesting on the streets. We once went on a week-long bike trip to Lake Huron, which was 220 kilometers away.
My grandchildren have no idea how much fun these activities can be. That Sunday night, after dinner, I decided to take them outside to show them something “different” .
The first response (回应) was, “Why do we have to put our shoes on and go outside ” “Because I want to show you something,” I said and picked up my Frisbee (飞盘) . “I think we could go outside and throw the frisbee around.”
I got a slow and unwilling “Sure” for my efforts. With some further unwillingness, we walked out into the street and began throwing the frisbee.
Slowly, we got the hang of it . My grandson caught the frisbee over ten times. It was amazing how much progress we were making. We played until it was dark.
Anyway, it was a great success. My grandchildren began a new way of playing.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
22. What did the grandchildren do to upset the writer so much
A. Making straight for TV. B. Lying down on the bed.
C. Coming over for dinner. D. Playing games on the phone.
23. What did the writer get from his father at an early age
① Tree houses ② Camping tents. ③A jump stand. ④A pedal car.
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④
24. How did the writer show his grandchildren something “different”
A. He took them to the neighbor’s house.
B. He advised them to walk on the streets.
C. He asked them to ride bikes along the lake.
D. He invited them to throw the frisbee outside.
25. What does “we got the hang of it” mean according to the text
A. We got a new frisbee.
B. We hung the frisbee up high.
C. We played with the frisbee better.
D. We stopped playing with the frisbee.
26. What is the best title for the text
A. I know how to play B. I understand them better
C. I like what you like D. I remember my childhood
【答案】22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者看到两个孙子来吃晚饭时候只知道拿手机打游戏，于是带着他们玩飞盘，想让他们体会游戏的快乐。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It saddens me to watch them, and so many other kids today, consider gaming as play.”可知，是看到他们玩手机游戏让作者很难受。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“When I wanted a metal pedal car (踏板车) like some of my rich friends, my father made me one out of wood.”；“Dad also built a huge playhouse and several tree houses.”以及“When I was older, he made me a high jump stand.”可知，小时候，作者的父亲给作者做了树屋、跳台以及踏板车。故选B。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“‘Because I want to show you something,’ I said and picked up my Frisbee (飞盘) .”可知，作者邀请他们到外面去扔飞盘。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据后文“My grandson caught the frisbee over ten times. It was amazing how much progress we were making.”可知，后文提到了大家取得了惊人的进步。因此“we got the hang of it”的意思是我们玩飞盘玩得更好了。故选C。
【26题详解】
标题归纳题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述了作者看到两个孙子来吃晚饭的时候只知道拿手机打游戏，于是带着他们玩飞盘，想让他们体会游戏的快乐。因此“我知道如何玩”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
C
Chimpanzees can remember the faces of their old friends for many years, in a similar way to humans, researchers have found.
When they see photographs, chimpanzees can recognize (认出). old members of their social (群居的) groups after about 10 years, and remember friends they haven’t seen for up to 26 years.
Tests showed that chimpanzees have the longest social memories of all animals other than humans, the researchers wrote in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers studied 15 chimpanzees at zoos in Scotland and Belgium, and at the Kumamoto Sanctuary in Japan. Using computer screens, they showed the animals photographs of chimpanzees that had left the zoos or died at least nine months before the study.
The researchers studied the chimpanzees’eyes as they looked at photographs of old members of their social groups, as well as photographs of chimpanzees they had never met.
The chimpanzees looked at the photographs of old group members much longer than the photographs of strangers, no matter how much time had passed since they last met them. “One chimpanzee showed a strong preference for photographs of her sister in eight tests, even though they hadn’t seen each other for 26 years,” the researchers said.
Earlier research showed that dolphins can remember the calls of other dolphins for up to 20 years. The study of chimpanzees could also help researchers to understand how humans developed their social memories.
Laura Lewis, one of the researchers, said people often think of chimpanzees as “quite different” from humans, but the study showed that they are very similar in the way they remember things. “And I think that is what’s so exciting about this study,” Lewis said.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
27. What is written at the beginning of the text
A. The steps of the test.
B. The influences of the result.
C. The problems of the animal.
D. The findings of the research
28. Which of the following matches the text best
How long chimpanzees looked at the photos of…
A. B.
C. D.
29. Why does the writer mention the dolphins
A. To start a different topic. B. To meet the readers’ need.
C. To give another example. D. To express the writer’s opinion.
30. What does the underlined word “that” refer to (指的是)
A. ·Chimpanzees think like humans.
B. Chimpanzees remember things like humans.
C. Chimpanzees are quite different from dolphins.
D. Chimpanzees are better at remembering than dolphins.
31. In which part of a magazine can you see the text
A. Teen Time. B. Animal World. C. Health Guide. D. Culture Window.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文\举例了黑猩猩和海豚，并表明动物也可以和人类一样记住自己的朋友。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Chimpanzees can remember the faces of their old friends for many years, in a similar way to humans, researchers have found.”可知，第一段介绍了研究的结果。故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The chimpanzees looked at the photographs of old group members much longer than the photographs of strangers,”可知，黑猩猩看老成员照片的时间要比看陌生人照片的时间长得多，选项A中图片符合题意。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Earlier research showed that dolphins can remember the calls of other dolphins for up to 20 years.C。”可知，作者提及海豚是为了给出另外一个例子。故选C
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“but the study showed that they are very similar in the way they remember things. ‘And I think that is what’s so exciting about this study,’ Lewis said.”可知，前文提到了黑猩猩记事物的方式，因此划线词指的是“黑猩猩像人类一样记事”。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章举例了黑猩猩和海豚，并表明动物也可以和人类一样记住自己的朋友。因此我们可以在杂志的“动物世界”这部分可以看到这篇文章。故选B。
D
Let’s imagine this: Your parents are going out of town for a week. You’re left with 800 yuan. How will you spend it It would be unwise to spend the money at the mall, especially if you already have great clothes, right ____32____ You’d probably also want to put some money aside for unexpected situations.
Well, you need to learn how to budget (做预算). It’s all about deciding what matters the most to you and how much you want to spend on those things.
Working out your priorities (优先事项) is the most important part of budgeting. ____33____ You have to consider saving money. The next time your friend invites you to join them for a party, you might as well decide to pass.
But having a budget doesn’t mean you can’t have fun. You just have to get creative. Instead of meeting your friends at the pizza shop and then going to the movies, you can invite them over to your house. You can buy some frozen pizzas at the supermarket and watch a movie online. ____34____
If you search the Internet for budgeting tips, you’ll find many. ____35____ Once you find a way that works for you, it’s easier to get excited about budgeting.
____36____ If you go over your budget, just try to learn from your mistakes. It’s part of becoming a responsible spender.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A. It’s a lot cheaper but just as fun.
B. You have plenty of chances to test them.
C. For example, you plan to buy a new bike.
D. Keep in mind that even adults make mistakes at times.
E. A smarter way to spend that money would be on food and transportation.
【答案】32. E 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何在父母外出期间明智地花钱。
【32题详解】
根据“It would be unwise to spend the money at the mall, especially if you already have great clothes, right ”可知，此处应是介绍把钱花在哪些方面是明智的，选项E“更明智的方式是把钱花在食物和交通上。”符合语境。故选E。
【33题详解】
根据“Working out your priorities (优先事项) is the most important part of budgeting.”可知，此处介绍制定优先事项，选项C“例如，你打算买一辆新自行车。”符合语境。故选C。
【34题详解】
根据“You can buy some frozen pizzas at the supermarket and watch a movie online.”可知，在超市买冷冻披萨及在网上看电影会更便宜，选项A“它便宜多了，但一样好玩。”符合语境。故选A。
【35题详解】
根据“If you search the Internet for budgeting tips, you’ll find many.”可知，在互联网上搜索预算技巧，你会发现很多，因此接下来是测验这些技巧，选项B“你有很多机会来测试它们。”符合语境。故选B。
【36题详解】
根据“If you go over your budget, just try to learn from your mistakes.”可知，此处指的是会犯错误，选项D“记住，即使是成年人有时也会犯错误。”符合语境。故选D。
三、完形填空(15小题, 每小题1分, 共15分)
先通读短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
My mom and I flew to Whitehorse to care for my sick old grandfather. We ____37____ to spend two months in the town of my youth.
A few days before we arrived, my grandfather called to say he was flying to Vancouver for another operation (手术). My mom had already booked the air tickets and her ____38____ from work, so even though my grandfather wouldn’t be there, we made the trip north anyway.
Grandpa ____39____ a dog. He got it from a local shelter (收容所) two years earlier and renamed him “Scruffy”. ____40____ we were alone in my grandpa’s house with nothing to do, Scruffy saved us. The dog needed to be walked. Those walks were ____41____ to re-visit where I grew up. I left that small town behind as soon as I finished primary school. Scruffy took us to the school, where ____42____ picture still hung.
By the fall, we were back in Toronto and Grandpa was back in Whitehorse. I flew up to ____43____ him. When I arrived, my grandpa was tired and ____44____ a lot. With no one to talk to, I found myself chatting with Scruffy. He was always excited to see me. I gave him many ____45____: Scruffster, Scruff-man, Scruffmaster. He would ____46____ reply to them all.
The last month of the year was ____47____. My grandfather passed away. Visitors came and went. Boxes were packed. My mom and I were too ____48____ to keep Scruffy. But it didn’t matter because months earlier, Scruffy had ____49____ the heart of my grandpa’s home care nurse.
Last summer, I took a trip to Whitehorse. During my ____50____ , I dropped by the nurse’s home to see Scruffy. As soon as I opened the door, he ran up to me as ____51____ as ever, making me feel right at my grandfather’s home.
37.
A refused B. planned C. continued D. failed
38.
A. leave B. change C. choice D. decision
39.
A. trained B. met C. kept D. followed
40.
A. After B. While C. Until D. Unless
41.
A. problems B. hopes C. methods D. chances
42.
A. my B. his C. her D. its
43.
A. think of B. look after C. worry about D. get used to
44.
A. ate B. learned C. slept D. worked
45.
A. walks B. toys C. snacks D. names
46.
A. happily B. quietly C. bravely D. politely
47.
A. free B. hard C. important D. normal
48.
A. serious B. weak C. nervous D. busy
49.
A. won B. missed C. offered D. hidden
50.
A. break B. life C. growth D. stay
51.
A. kind B. excited C. thankful D. natural
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在文章中讲述了爷爷过世前收养的狗——斯库菲，在照顾爷爷期间，作者与斯库菲建立了深厚的感情。
【37题详解】
句意：我们计划在我年轻时的小镇度过两个月。
refused拒绝；planned计划；continued继续；failed失败。根据“to spend two months in the town of my youth.”以及下文可知，应说计划在小镇度过两个月。故选B。
【38题详解】
句意：我妈妈已经订好了机票并请了假，所以即使我爷爷不在那里，我们还是去了北方。
leave休假；change改变；choice选择；decision决定。根据“from work”可知，应该是请假，故选A。
【39题详解】
句意：爷爷养了一只狗。
trained训练；met遇见；kept保持；followed跟随。根据“He got it from a local shelter (收容所) two years earlier”可知，应说爷爷养了一只狗，故选C。
【40题详解】
句意：当我们独自在爷爷家无所事事时，斯库菲“拯救”了我们。
After在……以后；While当……时；Until直到；Unless除非。根据“we were alone in my grandpa’s house with nothing to do”可知，应用while引导时间状语从句。故选B。
【41题详解】
句意：散步让我有机会重新参观我长大的地方。
problems问题；hopes希望；methods方法；chances机会。根据“to re-visit where I grew up.”可知，是散步提供了重新参观长大的地方的“机会”。故选D。
【42题详解】
句意：斯库菲带我们去了学校，我的照片还挂在那里。
my我的；his他的；her她的；its它的。根据“to re-visit where I grew up.”以及“picture still hung.”可知，指的是“我的”照片。故选A。
【43题详解】
句意：我乘飞机过去照顾他。
think of想到；look after照顾；worry about担心；get used to适应。根据“Grandpa was back in Whitehorse. I flew up to”可知，应该是乘飞机过去照顾他。故选B。
【44题详解】
句意：当我到达时，我爷爷很累，睡得很多。
ate吃；learned学；slept睡觉；worked工作。根据“my grandpa was tired”以及“With no one to talk to”可知，应该是睡得很多。故选C。
【45题详解】
句意：我给他取了很多名字。
walks散步；toys玩具；snacks零食；names名字。根据“Scruffster, Scruff-man, Scruffmaster.”可知，是给他取了很多名字。故选D。
【46题详解】
句意：他会很高兴地一一回应。
happily快乐地；quietly安静地；bravely勇敢地；politely有礼貌地。根据“reply to them all.”可知，他很高兴地对每个名字回应，故选A。
【47题详解】
句意：这一年的最后一个月很难熬。
free自由的；hard艰难的；important重要的；normal正常的。根据“My grandfather passed away.”可知，应说这一年的最后一个月是艰难的。故选B。
【48题详解】
句意：我妈妈和我太忙了，没时间照顾斯库菲。
serious认真的；weak虚弱的；nervous紧张的；busy忙碌的。根据“My mom and I were too…to keep Scruffy”可知，应说太忙而没时间照顾斯库菲。故选D。
【49题详解】
句意：但这并不重要，因为几个月前，斯库菲赢得了我爷爷的家庭护理护士的心。
won赢得；missed错过；offered提供；hidden藏。根据“the heart of my grandpa’s home care nurse.”可知，这里说的是斯库菲赢得了爷爷的家庭护理护士的心。故选A。
【50题详解】
句意：在我停留期间，我顺便去护士家看望了斯库菲。
break休息；life生活；growth生长；stay停留。根据“Last summer, I took a trip to Whitehorse.”可知，应说在停留期间，去看了斯库菲。故选D。
【51题详解】
句意：我一打开门，他就像往常一样兴奋地跑向我，让我觉得自己就在爷爷家。
kind友善的；excited兴奋的；thankful感激的；natural自然的。根据“as ever, making me feel right at my grandfather’s home.”可知，应该是兴奋的。故选B。
四、语篇填空：
第一节
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
hit; color; must; if; good; experience; Andy; play; probably; put
Lucy just had a good time at Disneyland. ____52____ dad bought him a new pair of trainers because he did well in the math test. And now, Cindy is ____53____ with her cute cat. On social media (社交媒体), everyone seems to be happy all the time.
Can life always be ____54____ The answer to this question is no. As a teenager, you haven’t had much life ____55____ . Sometimes, you might have very high hopes. For example, you wanted to get an A+ on an exam. It didn’t happen, and you felt sad.
Sadness is not always bad. It can push you to be ____56____ than before.
But it’s a different story, ____57____ your sadness is starting to affect your daily life. Maybe you don’t feel like going out with your friends. Or many of your things are ____58____ off because of your sad feelings.
I felt this way when my best friend Jane moved to another city. We used to have fun together every day. Now, she isn’t with me anymore. Loneliness ____59____ me from time to time.
My parents said things like this would happen sometimes. We can not stay together with friends forever. Jane would have new friends. She ____60____ wanted me to have new friends, too.
Sadness is not a sign of being weak. Instead, it’s a part of who we are. When you feel down, you ____61____ not shut yourself away from the world. Share your feelings with a good friend. Eat something delicious and take a walk in the park. Ask for any help you need. You’re not alone in the fight against this feeling!
【答案】52. Andy’s
53. playing
54. colorful
55. experience
56. better 57. if
58. put 59. hits
60. probably
61. must
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了青少年在生活中会因为遇到的一些问题而悲伤，并给出了一些建议。
【52题详解】
句意：安迪的爸爸给他买了一双新运动鞋，因为他数学考试考得好。根据“dad bought him a new pair of trainers because he did well in the math test.”可知，备选词Andy的所有格形式Andy’s符合题意，故填Andy’s。
【53题详解】
句意：现在，辛迪正在和她可爱的猫玩耍。根据“And now,”可知，该句是现在进行时，结合“with her cute cat.”可知，应说正与她的猫在玩，备选词play符合语境。故填playing。
【54题详解】
句意：生活能永远丰富多彩吗？根据“Can life always be”可知，应说生活能永远丰富多彩吗，备选词color的形容词colorful“丰富多彩的”符合语境。故填colorful。
【55题详解】
句意：作为一个青少年，你没有太多的生活经验。根据“As a teenager, you haven’t had much life ”可知，应说没有多少生活经验，备选词experience“经验”符合语境，为不可数名词。故填experience。
【56题详解】
句意：它能促使你变得比以前更好。根据“Sadness is not always bad. It can push you to be…than before”可知是使得你比之前变好，备选词good的比较级better符合题意。故填better。
【57题详解】
句意：但如果你的悲伤开始影响你的日常生活，那就是另一回事了。根据“your sadness is starting to affect your daily lie”可知，应说“如果”你的悲伤开始影响你的日常生活，if“如果”符合语境。故填if。
【58题详解】
句意：或者你的许多事情因为你的悲伤情绪而被推迟。根据“Or many of your things are”可知，应说被推迟，备选词put符合题意，put off“推迟”，此处用被动语态，put的过去分词为put。故填put。
【59题详解】
句意：孤独时不时地袭向我。根据“from time to time.”以及“Loneliness”可知，该句是一般现在时，备选词hit“击中”符合语境，填三单形式。故填hits。
【60题详解】
句意：她可能也想让我交新朋友。根据“wanted me to have new friends, too.”可知，可以说可能想让作者交朋友。备选词probably“可能”，修饰动词wanted。故填probably。
【61题详解】
句意：当你情绪低落的时候，不能把自己封闭起来。根据“not shut yourself away from the world”可知，不能把自己封闭起来，该句是否定句，备选词must“必须”符合语境，must not“不能”。故填must。
第二节
阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
In China, dragons are called Loong. They are super important and are thought to be really wise and lucky. When there ____62____ a big celebration, you’ll see awesome dragon dancers with dragon costumes (装束) of different colors dancing around. It’s something people from China do all over the world.
However, I ____63____ ever heard dragons in stories from places like Europe are pretty different. In a lot of western stories, dragons are usually the trouble makers. They are big, breathe fire and often fight with heroes. They’re known ____64____ being scary and causing problems. So they’re kind of like the bad guys in those stories.
In China, even though dragons might look scary, they’re actually seen as good guys. Chinese dragons are thought to be really good and helpful. They are not just about bringing luck. They’re also like guards ____65____ can bring safety. It is really different from how they’re seen in western stories.
It’s so interesting ____66____ know how one creature (生物) can mean such different things in different places. You can share your stories with me.
【答案】62. is 63. have
64. for 65. who##that
66. to
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了龙在中国与在外国的不同象征意义。
【62题详解】
句意：当有一个大型的庆祝活动时，你会看到令人敬畏的舞龙者穿着不同颜色的龙装跳舞。根据“there”以及“a big celebration,”可知，该句是there be句型，后文是名词单数，且该句描述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填is。
【63题详解】
句意：然而，我在欧洲等地的故事中听说过龙，这是非常不同的。根据“ever heard dragons in stories”可知，该句是现在完成时，主语是“I”，have符合语境 。故填have。
【64题详解】
句意：它们以可怕和制造麻烦而闻名。根据“being scary and causing problems.”可知，考查be known for“以……闻名”。故填for。
【65题详解】
句意：它们也像保安一样，可以带来安全。根据“can bring safety.”可知，该句是定语从句，先行词是“guards”，在从句中作主语，关系代词填who/that。故填who/that。
【66题详解】
句意：知道一种生物在不同的地方有如此不同的含义真是太有趣了。根据“It’s so interesting”可知，考查it is adj to do“做某事是……的”。故填to。
五 、补全对话(5小题, 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: So, what’s your favorite unit in the English book we’ve just finished
B: Well, I like “Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ” best. Do you remember it
A: _______67_______. It’s about what products are made of and where they were made.
B: You’re right. Now I know more about Chinese tea, kites and other traditional arts. _______68_______.
A: I can’t agree more. Speaking of “the shirt”, I think of a story in this book.
B: _______69_______
A: The Shirt of a Happy Man. It is such an amazing story about happiness.
B: Yeah, quite interesting! The poor man didn’t own any shirts at last. In your opinion, what might the king do then
A: _______70_______.
B: You’re so creative! I’m planning activities for the reading club. _______71_______
A: Sure. You can organize a book fair where students can exchange books.
B: Good idea! We can discover the happiness of reading in it.
【答案】67. Yes/Of course
68. They are the symbols of Chinese culture/I’m proud of Chinese culture
69. What is it/Which story/What’s the story
70. The king might realize happiness was so simple/The king kept looking for shirts
71. Do you have any ideas/Can you give me some advice
【解析】
【导语】本文是A与B的对话，对话中讨论了英语书中最喜欢的故事是什么。
【67题详解】
根据“Do you remember it ”以及“It’s about what products are made of and where they were made.”可知，该句是一般疑问句，且设空处应该作肯定回答，应说是的/当然。故填Yes/Of course。
【68题详解】
根据“Now I know more about Chinese tea, kites and other traditional arts.”以及“I can’t agree more.”可知，设空处应说与中国传统文化相关的观点。应说它们是中国文化的象征/我为中国文化感到骄傲。故填They are the symbols of Chinese culture/I’m proud of Chinese culture。
【69题详解】
根据“The Shirt of a Happy Man. It is such an amazing story about happiness.”可知设空处应该提问了是什么故事/哪个故事/故事说的什么。故填What is it/Which story/What’s the story。
【70题详解】
根据“The poor man didn’t own any shirts at last. In your opinion, what might the king do then ”可知，设空处应该回答国王应该如何做。故填The king might realize happiness was so simple/The king kept looking for shirts
【71题详解】
根据“Sure. You can organize a book fair where students can exchange books.”可知，设空处应该询问了建议，设空处应说你有什么想法/你能给我一些建议吗。故填Do you have any ideas/Can you give me some advice。
六 、书面表达(20分)
72. 学校英语社团将组织“Hi, Spring!” 主题活动，请你根据下面表格内容，拟一篇英文宣传稿，向学校双语广播站投稿。
要点 提示信息
Time this Saturday/next Sunday/…
Place in the park/in the mountains/…
Activity go hiking/do volunteer work/…
Meaning …
要求：1. 文章须包含表格中所有“要点”，可参考“提示信息”；
2. 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 词数100左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Spring has come. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Spring has come. Next Sunday, we plan to go hiking in the mountains. It is a valuable way to relax and it is good for both our bodies and minds. While hiking, we’ll get the chance to exercise, breathe in the fresh air and enjoy the nature. Also, hiking with friends can help to share enjoyable moments together.
We can plant trees, too. Together, we will dig holes and plant young trees. It’s a hands-on experience that will not only help the environment but also provide us with a sense of responsibility.
Let’s take action, make a difference and say “Hi!” to spring.
【解析】
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：本文应使用“一般将来时”和“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点应注意题干给出的“介绍春天可以进行的活动”并适当补充，使文章内容充实。
[写作步骤]
第一步，点明主题，介绍春天可以去远足；
第二步，介绍这次活动的时间，地点，以及可以进行的具体活动是什么；
第三步，介绍这次活动的意义。
[亮点词汇]
①plan to计划做某事
②not only…but also不仅……而且
[高分句型]
① It is a valuable way to relax and it is good for both our bodies and minds.（it is+名词+to do句型）
②It’s a hands-on experience that will not only help the environment but also provide us with a sense of responsibility.（定语从句）郑州市2024年中招第一次适应性测试
英语试题卷
注意：本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。考试时间100分钟, 满分120分。 考生应首先阅读试题卷和答题卡上的文字信息, 然后在答题卡上作答, 在试题
卷上作答无效。交卷时只交答题卡。
一 、听力理解(20小题, 每小题1分, 共20分)
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。
1. Where did the boy go during the winter vacation 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Harbin. B. Sanya. C. Shanghai.
2. What’s the time now 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 6:00. B. 6:30. C. 7:00.
3. How does the boy improve his writing 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. By reading a lot.
B. By taking writing lessons.
C. By doing lots of exercises.
4. What does the girl like about the movie 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Beautiful songs in it.
B. The educational story.
C. Strong wills of the actress.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The shopping list. B. The Chinese product. C. The big sale.
第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中 所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答下列两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the man think of the shopping mall
A. New. B. Fun. C. Noisy.
7. Where are the speakers going
A. To the museum.
B. To the shopping mall.
C To the swimming pool.
听下面一段对话，回答下列两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Where does this conversation probably take place
A At school. B. At a restaurant. C. At home.
9. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening
A. Go to a concert. B. Do homework. C. Have a music class.
听下面一段独白，回答下列三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How’s the weather today
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
11. How long will the rain last
A. For three days. B. For five days. C. For seven days.
12. What activity might be a better choice for the weekend
A. Going camping. B. Going for a picnic. C. Going to the library.
听下面一段对话，回答下列三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the latest scientific invention
A. An AI model. B. A housework robot. C. A smart watch.
14. What’s special about the invention
A. It can create texts.
B. It can predict the future.
C. It can make highly real videos.
15. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A. Cousins. B. Classmates. C. Neighbors.
听下面一篇短文。根据短文内容，按照你所听到的先后顺序将下列图片排序。短文读两遍。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. B. C. D. E.
16. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
二 、阅读理解(20小题, 每小题2分, 共40分)
阅读下面四篇语言材料, 然后按文后要求做题。
A
Have you ever wanted to grow some vegetables at home Spinach (菠菜) is a great choice. It grows easily throughout the year.
When should you plant spinach
Spinach can grow in temperatures as low as -7℃, but that’s not good for its growth. Spinach grows best in temperatures between 15℃ and 27℃. Temperatures above 29℃ can influence its taste.
Where should you grow spinach
*Pot size: A pot of 15 to 20cm deep would be the best. Depending on your space, it can be as wide as you want.
*Earth: For growing spinach in pots, use a mix rich in nutrients (营养) .
Make sure it won’t take in water easily.
*Space: Give each spinach plant 7cm of space. If you want large leaves, give each plant a little more space.
*Position: If you are growing spinach in fall and winter, keep the plants in a sunny place. Make sure they receive at least four hours of direct sunlight every day. For spring and summer planting, put your plants in a place without much sunlight, especially in the afternoon.
▲____
*Watering: Keep the earth not too wet. Avoid watering the leaves.
*Fertilizing (施肥): To grow healthy spinach, you need to use a slow-release fertilizer. It will provide nutrients slowly.
When can you harvest (收获)
Spinach grows quickly. You can harvest when the plant has at least five healthy leaves(7-10 cm in length), usually within one month.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
17. What temperature is the best for spinach to grow
A. -7℃. B. 10℃. C. 20℃. D. 29℃.
18. Which of the following influences the size of spinach leaves
A. Earth. B. Space. C. Pot size. D. Position.
19. What is the most possible missing question for the ▲
A. What do you need to grow spinach
B. Why do you grow spinach at home
C. How often should you water spinach
D. How should you take care of your spinach
20. Who might be most interested in the text
A. The young who prefer taking risks.
B. The women who like doing exercise.
C. The old who are into outdoor activities.
D. The students who are in the gardening club.
21. What is the text
A. An instruction. B. An ad. C. A report. D. A review.
B
Not long ago, two of my grandchildren came over for Sunday night family dinner. They walked in and made straight for the sofa to lie down. Aged 10 and 12, they pulled out their smartphones and started gaming.
It saddens me to watch them, and so many other kids today, consider gaming as play. When I was a kid, I knew how to play. When I wanted a metal pedal car (踏板车) like some of my rich friends, my father made me one out of wood. At first, I was ashamed of the homemade toy. But I soon began to like it when my friends all wanted a ride. Dad also built a huge playhouse and several tree houses. When I was older, he made me a high jump stand. Dad just loved building things or he really loved me, or maybe a little of both.
In my neighborhood, we didn’t have much to play with. For fun, we had to get creative. We put up tents in the backyard and camped out. At night, we looked for something interesting on the streets. We once went on a week-long bike trip to Lake Huron, which was 220 kilometers away.
My grandchildren have no idea how much fun these activities can be. That Sunday night, after dinner, I decided to take them outside to show them something “different” .
The first response (回应) was, “Why do we have to put our shoes on and go outside ” “Because I want to show you something,” I said and picked up my Frisbee (飞盘) . “I think we could go outside and throw the frisbee around.”
I got a slow and unwilling “Sure” for my efforts. With some further unwillingness, we walked out into the street and began throwing the frisbee.
Slowly, we got the hang of it . My grandson caught the frisbee over ten times. It was amazing how much progress we were making. We played until it was dark.
Anyway, it was a great success. My grandchildren began a new way of playing.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
22. What did the grandchildren do to upset the writer so much
A. Making straight for TV. B. Lying down on the bed.
C. Coming over for dinner. D. Playing games on the phone.
23. What did the writer get from his father at an early age
① Tree houses. ② Camping tents. ③A jump stand. ④A pedal car.
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④
24. How did the writer show his grandchildren something “different”
A. He took them to the neighbor’s house.
B. He advised them to walk on the streets.
C. He asked them to ride bikes along the lake.
D. He invited them to throw the frisbee outside.
25. What does “we got the hang of it” mean according to the text
A. We got a new frisbee.
B. We hung the frisbee up high.
C. We played with the frisbee better.
D. We stopped playing with the frisbee.
26. What is the best title for the text
A. I know how to play B. I understand them better
C. I like what you like D. I remember my childhood
C
Chimpanzees can remember the faces of their old friends for many years, in a similar way to humans, researchers have found.
When they see photographs, chimpanzees can recognize (认出). old members of their social (群居的) groups after about 10 years, and remember friends they haven’t seen for up to 26 years.
Tests showed that chimpanzees have the longest social memories of all animals other than humans, the researchers wrote in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers studied 15 chimpanzees at zoos in Scotland and Belgium, and at the Kumamoto Sanctuary in Japan. Using computer screens, they showed the animals photographs of chimpanzees that had left the zoos or died at least nine months before the study.
The researchers studied the chimpanzees’eyes as they looked at photographs of old members of their social groups, as well as photographs of chimpanzees they had never met.
The chimpanzees looked at the photographs of old group members much longer than the photographs of strangers, no matter how much time had passed since they last met them. “One chimpanzee showed a strong preference for photographs of her sister in eight tests, even though they hadn’t seen each other for 26 years,” the researchers said.
Earlier research showed that dolphins can remember the calls of other dolphins for up to 20 years. The study of chimpanzees could also help researchers to understand how humans developed their social memories.
Laura Lewis, one of the researchers, said people often think of chimpanzees as “quite different” from humans, but the study showed that they are very similar in the way they remember things. “And I think that is what’s so exciting about this study,” Lewis said.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
27. What is written at the beginning of the text
A. The steps of the test.
B. The influences of the result.
C. The problems of the animal.
D. The findings of the research
28. Which of the following matches the text best
How long chimpanzees looked at the photos of…
A. B.
C. D.
29. Why does the writer mention the dolphins
A. To start a different topic. B. To meet the readers’ need.
C. To give another example. D. To express the writer’s opinion.
30. What does the underlined word “that” refer to (指的是)
A. ·Chimpanzees think like humans.
B. Chimpanzees remember things like humans.
C. Chimpanzees are quite different from dolphins.
D. Chimpanzees are better at remembering than dolphins.
31. In which part of a magazine can you see the text
A. Teen Time. B. Animal World. C. Health Guide. D. Culture Window.
D
Let’s imagine this: Your parents are going out of town for a week. You’re left with 800 yuan. How will you spend it It would be unwise to spend the money at the mall, especially if you already have great clothes, right ____32____ You’d probably also want to put some money aside for unexpected situations.
Well, you need to learn how to budget (做预算). It’s all about deciding what matters the most to you and how much you want to spend on those things.
Working out your priorities (优先事项) is the most important part of budgeting. ____33____ You have to consider saving money. The next time your friend invites you to join them for a party you might as well decide to pass.
But having a budget doesn’t mean you can’t have fun. You just have to get creative. Instead of meeting your friends at the pizza shop and then going to the movies, you can invite them over to your house. You can buy some frozen pizzas at the supermarket and watch a movie online. ____34____
If you search the Internet for budgeting tips, you’ll find many. ____35____ Once you find a way that works for you, it’s easier to get excited about budgeting.
____36____ If you go over your budget, just try to learn from your mistakes. It’s part of becoming a responsible spender.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A. It’s a lot cheaper but just as fun.
B. You have plenty of chances to test them.
C. For example, you plan to buy a new bike.
D. Keep in mind that even adults make mistakes at times.
E. A smarter way to spend that money would be on food and transportation.
三、完形填空(15小题, 每小题1分, 共15分)
先通读短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
My mom and I flew to Whitehorse to care for my sick old grandfather. We ____37____ to spend two months in the town of my youth.
A few days before we arrived, my grandfather called to say he was flying to Vancouver for another operation (手术). My mom had already booked the air tickets and her ____38____ from work, so even though my grandfather wouldn’t be there, we made the trip north anyway.
Grandpa ____39____ a dog. He got it from a local shelter (收容所) two years earlier and renamed him “Scruffy”. ____40____ we were alone in my grandpa’s house with nothing to do, Scruffy saved us. The dog needed to be walked. Those walks were ____41____ to re-visit where I grew up. I left that small town behind as soon as I finished primary school. Scruffy took us to the school, where ____42____ picture still hung.
By the fall, we were back in Toronto and Grandpa was back in Whitehorse. I flew up to ____43____ him. When I arrived, my grandpa was tired and ____44____ a lot. With no one to talk to, I found myself chatting with Scruffy. He was always excited to see me. I gave him many ____45____: Scruffster, Scruff-man, Scruffmaster. He would ____46____ reply to them all.
The last month of the year was ____47____. My grandfather passed away. Visitors came and went. Boxes were packed. My mom and I were too ____48____ to keep Scruffy. But it didn’t matter because months earlier, Scruffy had ____49____ the heart of my grandpa’s home care nurse.
Last summer, I took a trip to Whitehorse. During my ____50____ , I dropped by the nurse’s home to see Scruffy. As soon as I opened the door, he ran up to me as ____51____ as ever, making me feel right at my grandfather’s home.
37.
A. refused B. planned C. continued D. failed
38.
A. leave B. change C. choice D. decision
39.
A. trained B. met C. kept D. followed
40.
A. After B. While C. Until D. Unless
41.
A. problems B. hopes C. methods D. chances
42.
A. my B. his C. her D. its
43.
A. think of B. look after C. worry about D. get used to
44.
A. ate B. learned C. slept D. worked
45.
A. walks B. toys C. snacks D. names
46.
A. happily B. quietly C. bravely D. politely
47.
A. free B. hard C. important D. normal
48.
A. serious B. weak C. nervous D. busy
49.
A. won B. missed C. offered D. hidden
50.
A. break B. life C. growth D. stay
51.
A. kind B. excited C. thankful D. natural
四、语篇填空：
第一节
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
hit; color; must; if; good; experience; Andy; play; probably; put
Lucy just had a good time at Disneyland. ____52____ dad bought him a new pair of trainers because he did well in the math test. And now, Cindy is ____53____ with her cute cat. On social media (社交媒体), everyone seems to be happy all the time.
Can life always be ____54____ The answer to this question is no. As a teenager, you haven’t had much life ____55____ . Sometimes, you might have very high hopes. For example, you wanted to get an A+ on an exam. It didn’t happen, and you felt sad.
Sadness is not always bad. It can push you to be ____56____ than before.
But it’s a different story, ____57____ your sadness is starting to affect your daily life. Maybe you don’t feel like going out with your friends. Or many of your things are ____58____ off because of your sad feelings.
I felt this way when my best friend Jane moved to another city. We used to have fun together every day. Now she isn’t with me anymore. Loneliness ____59____ me from time to time.
My parents said things like this would happen sometimes. We can not stay together with friends forever. Jane would have new friends. She ____60____ wanted me to have new friends, too.
Sadness is not a sign of being weak. Instead, it’s a part of who we are. When you feel down, you ____61____ not shut yourself away from the world. Share your feelings with a good friend. Eat something delicious and take a walk in the park. Ask for any help you need. You’re not alone in the fight against this feeling!
第二节
阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
In China, dragons are called Loong. They are super important and are thought to be really wise and lucky. When there ____62____ a big celebration, you’ll see awesome dragon dancers with dragon costumes (装束) of different colors dancing around. It’s something people from China do all over the world.
However, I ____63____ ever heard dragons in stories from places like Europe are pretty different. In a lot of western stories, dragons are usually the trouble makers. They are big, breathe fire and often fight with heroes. They’re known ____64____ being scary and causing problems. So they’re kind of like the bad guys in those stories.
In China, even though dragons might look scary, they’re actually seen as good guys. Chinese dragons are thought to be really good and helpful. They are not just about bringing luck. They’re also like guards ____65____ can bring safety. It is really different from how they’re seen in western stories.
It’s so interesting ____66____ know how one creature (生物) can mean such different things in different places. You can share your stories with me.
五 、补全对话(5小题, 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: So, what’s your favorite unit in the English book we’ve just finished
B: Well, I like “Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ” best. Do you remember it
A: _______67_______. It’s about what products are made of and where they were made.
B: You’re right. Now I know more about Chinese tea, kites and other traditional arts. _______68_______.
A: I can’t agree more. Speaking of “the shirt”, I think of a story in this book.
B: _______69_______
A: The Shirt of a Happy Man. It is such an amazing story about happiness.
B: Yeah, quite interesting! The poor man didn’t own any shirts at last. In your opinion, what might the king do then
A: _______70_______.
B: You’re so creative! I’m planning activities for the reading club. _______71_______
A: Sure. You can organize a book fair where students can exchange books.
B: Good idea! We can discover the happiness of reading in it.
六 、书面表达(20分)
72. 学校英语社团将组织“Hi, Spring!” 主题活动，请你根据下面表格内容，拟一篇英文宣传稿，向学校双语广播站投稿。
要点 提示信息
Time this Saturday/next Sunday/…
Place in the park/in the mountains/…
Activity go hiking/do volunteer work/…
Meaning …
要求：1. 文章须包含表格中所有“要点”，可参考“提示信息”；
2. 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 词数100左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Spring has come. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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