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2023-2024学年高二下学期期末模拟考试
高一英语
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．The boy stayed up all night. B．The boy came home too early.
C．The boy is forgiven. D．The boy didn’t go home at night.
2． A．Extreme sports. B．Bungee jumping.
C．Travel insurance. D．Diving safety.
3． A．The man should have had his car inspected sooner.
B．The man doesn't need to have his car inspected until next month.
C．The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.
D．The woman has to wait longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
4． A．Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.
B．Lucy hasn't got any surprise from Smith.
C．They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.
D．There is no secret between Smith and Lucy.
5．A．She needs to decide on a method soon.
B．She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C．She prefers to wait until after the election.
D．She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
6．A．The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B．The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
C．The advisor must sign the document before leaving.
D．The man should change his course schedule.
7．A．David should invest more in stocks. B．It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C．It’s better for him to take out his savings. D．David has the last say in decision-making.
8．A．The man should have had his car inspected earlier.
B．There are always a lot of people at the auto inspection center.
C．She waited longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
D．The auto inspection center will close at the end of the month.
9．A．Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.
B．Decide whether to drop the course in the first week.
C．Find out if a place opens up in the course later.
D．Take the course of the creative writing next year.
10．A．She thinks the post office is nearby.
B．She is also looking for the post office.
C．She thinks the man’s guess is right.
D．She doesn’t know where the post office is.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11．A．Have a professional energy checkup.
B．Update all the household appliances.
C．Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup.
D．Find the leaks on the outside of your home.
12．A．Because it can help you save energy in a house.
B．Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first.
C．Because it can help you remember where you have inspected.
D．Because it can help you reduce the air leaks.
13．A．How to choose a professional energy checkup.
B．How to conduct the home energy checkup.
C．How to make a list of obvious air leaks.
D．How to save energy in your home.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage
14．A．Trucks undertook all the transportation demands.
B．The railway industry had no strict regulations.
C．The damage to products by trains was serious.
D．The railway companies reduced their lines greatly.
15．A．They used to treat customers with enthusiasm and patience.
B．They still remain indifferent to customers nowadays.
C．They have always been considerate to customers.
D．They are quick to satisfy customers’ needs today.
16．A．Trains are more environmentally friendly than trucks.
B．Trains can transport more goods than trucks do.
C．Railroading does not wear out highways at all.
D．Trains have an accident rate only half that of trucks.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage
17．A．He has just been back from South America.
B．He has been burnt for a few hours.
C．He has been surfing the Internet for long.
D．He has been doing school work all night.
18．A．To look for something interesting for pleasure.
B．To meet new friends in the net chatroom.
C．To release pressure from heavy work.
D．To look for information for his project.
19．A．Quite a few sites are just old event calendars.
B．It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet.
C．A lot of information can be found.
D．A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.
20．A．People spend much time talking about other interests.
B．It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.
C．It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.
D．It’s hardly the best source of information available.
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What Lies Beneath
“EARTH” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all, an alien examining it 21 a telescope would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all, but by oceans of water.
Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than 2m species of marine animals, of which they 22 (record) perhaps only a tenth so far. A new initiative hopes to change this. 23 (launch) in London on April 27th, Ocean Census aims to discover 100,000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade.
The initiative is happening now for two reasons. One is that, the longer scientists wait, the less there will be to catalogue. Climate change is heating the oceans, as well as making them more acidic. One of Ocean Census’s priorities will be cataloguing species thought to be in 24 (great) danger from climate change. Otherwise, the risk is of the forest burning down and not knowing 25 was there before it was lost.
The second reason is technological. Marine biologists find about 2,000 new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is betting that it 26 go faster. “Cyber taxonomy”, for instance, involves 27 (feed) DNA sequences from animals into computers, 28 can quickly decide whether it is a new species. The ability to describe new creatures, as well as simply cataloguing them, has also improved. Fancy cameras on remote-operated vehicles, for instance, 29 (allow) scientists to make laser scans of deep-sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat. Just as the immense pressures of the deep sea are fatal for humans, so taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination is a dangerous move 30 it may be reduced to gooey slime (粘稠的黏液).
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．qualities B．continued C． bodies D．essential E. transformations F. described G. geological H. shaped I. estimated J. cultivated K. evolved
For the first time, scientists have mapped the whole surface of Titan, the largest moon around Saturn. The map confirms existing data showing that Titan has many Earth-like 31 that might be able to support life.
The data was collected by Cassini, a spacecraft operated by the U.S. space agency NASA．The spacecraft studied Saturn and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Astronomers used images and radar measurements from Cassini to create the 32 map of Titan.
The map shows Titan as a mixture of flat plains, hills and mountains, windblown sand areas, valleys and lakes. The mapping operation is 33 in a report published in Nature Astronomy.
Rosaly Lopes led the project. She is a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lopes told the publication that the many similarities between Earth and Titan make the Saturn moon a great choice for 34 exploration.
“Titan has an atmosphere like Earth's. It has wind; it has rain; it has mountains,” Lopes said.
Titan is the only planet in our solar system besides Earth to have known 35 of liquid on its surface. But Titan's seas and lakes are filled with liquid methane (甲烷) rather than water.
At cold temperatures, methane goes through similar 36 as rain does on Earth. It falls to the surface across the planet to form rivers and lakes and can then evaporate (挥发) to form clouds again.
The map found that nearly two-thirds of Titan's surface is made up of flat plains, Nature reported. About 17 percent is covered in sandy hills 37 by the wind, mostly around the equator.
Unlike Earth, Titan's sand is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Around 14 percent of the surface is considered hilly or mountainous. Seas and lakes filled with liquid methane cover a(n) 38 1.5 percent of Titan. The liquid exists mainly closer to the planet's poles, while the equatorial areas remain drier.
Rosaly Lopes says organic materials --- those containing carbon --- in Titan's atmosphere are 39 for the growth of living organisms. “Organics are very important for the possibility of lifeon Titan, which many of us think likely would have 40 in the liquid water ocean under Titan's icy crust (硬的表面),”she said.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go
In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology, a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the 41 of our world around them. The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the 42 of Earth, but also the significance of human beings in the universe. Moreover, as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment, a science-based education seems to be well 43 to humanity’s inquisitive nature. 44 , it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world.
Certainly, it equips us with the knowledge of 45 which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foundation of the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 46 by science today. A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment. Without this, we would not have understood the 47 of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents.
Additionally, the scientific method highlights the importance of 48 , which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge. In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based education empowers us to 49 preconceived(预想的) concepts instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value.
Despite its 50 , a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can’t be rationalized through the scientific method. Though it explains how the world works, it is lacking as it does not 51 much about why things happen. For example, science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it. Thus, to 52 , the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large.
Moreover, science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great 53 to the world. A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well 54 the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events. For instance, it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable.
In conclusion, a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics, values and the humanities would 55 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world.
41．A．mechanics B．inventions C．truths D．objectives
42．A．significance B．evolution C．composition D．prospect
43．A．subjected B．reduced C．entitled D．tailored
44．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore
45．A．doubt B．suspicion C．inquiry D．consultation
46．A．framed B．explained C．assessed D．justified
47．A．dependence B．burst C．consciousness D．function
48．A．objectivity B．illustration C．curiosity D．inquiry
49．A．deny B．challenge C．dismiss D．highlight
50．A．margins B．expenses C．initiatives D．virtues
51．A．worry B．care C．reveal D．enclose
52．A．draw a parallel B．make ends meet C．strike a balance D．make a comparison
53．A．cost B．advantage C．discount D．angle
54．A．underline B．prioritize C．further D．neglect
55．A．assist B．furnish C．occupy D．engage
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me.
I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.
I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “What is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.
When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili.
56．What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday
A．She can’t reproduce the exact color. B．There are no animals that she can paint.
C．She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D．The weather is not good enough for painting.
57．The writer hid her work because ________.
A．it was only a quick sketch B．it wasn’t good enough to sell
C．she believed Royale painted better D．she thought it would disappoint Royale
58．What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)
A．What I will give him. B．What I am painting.
C．What I am thinking about. D．What I can teach him.
59．What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday
A．Her technique improved much faster. B．The landscape was more familiar to her.
C．She was able to complete a number of paintings. D．The teacher who taught her then was more talented.
（B）
How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
*For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes, Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal journey for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
*Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
*Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exercise to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
*Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an operator, entrance tickets should be included. All entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer (臭氧层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation (海拔), makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
*Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
60．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A．The express Salkantay Trek. B．The Inca Trail.
C．The Apus Peru Trek. D．The Choquequrao Trek.
61．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for 4 hours.
D．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
62．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by .
A．strengthened B．harmed C．detected D．neutralized
( C )
The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research.
The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide. The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet — up from previous estimates of around 60,000.
The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang. The team’s result is “a rather conservative estimate,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.”
Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. His and his colleagues’ local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet ” he says.
Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds, “I find pretty inspirational.”
63．What is the finding of the new research
A．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified.
B．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science.
C．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge.
D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees.
64．What can be learned about the research method
A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data.
B．The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots.
C．Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method.
D．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method.
65．What does the underlined word “preponderance” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．majority B．evolution C．cultivation D．capability
66．According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that ________.
A．genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate information
B．trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped together
C．too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented
D．the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. B．Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C．Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact. D．In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. E．Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention. F．It’s more likely to be associated with dominance of threat in conflicting situations, though.
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here ‘s what hard science reveals about eye contact:
We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. 67 . It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
68 . Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.
Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations. 69 . Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep ‘in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,“ said Minson.
Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. 70 . And it is the subject of current research.
In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. but that their brain reactions also differ-” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
IV.Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The great teen sleeping crisis
A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers.
One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers.
So what can be done to make life easier for everyone Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
71．考试时遇到难题，保持冷静是克服困难的关键。(key)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________72．尽管阴雨绵绵，同学们无不为艺术节的精心安排所深深打动。(impress)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________73．生命在于运动，只有让锻炼成为一种生活习惯，我们才能拥有更健康的体魄。(only by)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________74．年轻人要学会判断自己的身体状况，不要忽视疾病的早期信号，不然长此以往，会付出健康的代价。(cost)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
下图反映的是网络时代所出现的一种问题，有些孩子沉溺于网上交流而忽视了与父母的沟通。请你根据对该漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文。该文应包含以下要点：
1.你对此现象的看法。
2.我们该如何主动和父母亲沟通。
3.文中不得出现任何个人信息。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________绝密★启用前
2023-2024学年高二下学期期末模拟考试
高一英语
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．The boy stayed up all night. B．The boy came home too early.
C．The boy is forgiven. D．The boy didn’t go home at night.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Sorry, mom, I should have come back home earlier. I’ll never do it again.
W: Let’s drop it this time.
Question: What can we learn from this conversation
2． A．Extreme sports. B．Bungee jumping.
C．Travel insurance. D．Diving safety.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Excuse me, I’m going to travel next month and would like to buy some kind of insurance.
W: Well, it’s a must if you participate in any extreme sports like bungee jumping or cliff diving.
Q: What are the two speakers talking about
3． A．The man should have had his car inspected sooner.
B．The man doesn't need to have his car inspected until next month.
C．The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.
D．The woman has to wait longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
【答案】A
【原文】M: You wouldn’t believe the line at the auto inspection center. I waited more than two hours.
W: That’s what you get for waiting until the last day of the month.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
4． A．Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.
B．Lucy hasn't got any surprise from Smith.
C．They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.
D．There is no secret between Smith and Lucy.
【答案】A
【原文】W: I don’t think we should have told Smith about the surprise party for Lucy.
M: It’s all right. He promised not to tell others and he doesn’t promise lightly.
Q: What does the man mean
5．A．She needs to decide on a method soon.
B．She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C．She prefers to wait until after the election.
D．She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
【答案】A
【原文】M: I just don’t know if you should call everyone to collect the data or just send out a questionnaire. But you’d better make a decision soon.
W: I know, there is only one month till the election.
Q: What does the woman mean
6．A．The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B．The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
C．The advisor must sign the document before leaving.
D．The man should change his course schedule.
【答案】B
【原文】M: I already know what I want to take next semester. So why do I have to make an appointment to see my advisor All I need is her signature on my course sheet.
W: I’m afraid it doesn’t work that way. She has to talk with you to make sure everything is on the right track.
Q: What does the woman mean
7．A．David should invest more in stocks. B．It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C．It’s better for him to take out his savings. D．David has the last say in decision-making.
【答案】B
【原文】M: You know, I have recently invested all my savings in stocks.
W: Really That’s the last thing I would do, David.
Q: What does the woman mean
8．A．The man should have had his car inspected earlier.
B．There are always a lot of people at the auto inspection center.
C．She waited longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
D．The auto inspection center will close at the end of the month.
【答案】A
【原文】M: You wouldn’t believe the line at the auto inspection center. I waited more than two hours to get through it.
W: That’s what you should get for waiting until the last day of the month.
Q: What does the woman imply
9．A．Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.
B．Decide whether to drop the course in the first week.
C．Find out if a place opens up in the course later.
D．Take the course of the creative writing next year.
【答案】C
【原文】W: I just found out the registration of the creative writing class is full. Now I have to wait another whole year to get in.
M: Why don’t you check again after the first week Somebody might drop it.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
10．A．She thinks the post office is nearby.
B．She is also looking for the post office.
C．She thinks the man’s guess is right.
D．She doesn’t know where the post office is.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office
W: Your guess is as good as mine. I’m new around here.
Q: What does the woman mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11．A．Have a professional energy checkup.
B．Update all the household appliances.
C．Make a do-it-yourself home energy checkup.
D．Find the leaks on the outside of your home.
12．A．Because it can help you save energy in a house.
B．Because it can help you decide where should be upgraded first.
C．Because it can help you remember where you have inspected.
D．Because it can help you reduce the air leaks.
13．A．How to choose a professional energy checkup.
B．How to conduct the home energy checkup.
C．How to make a list of obvious air leaks.
D．How to save energy in your home.
【答案】11．C 12．B 13．B
【原文】A home energy checkup helps determine where your house is losing energy and money. When such problems are corrected your home will be more energy efficient. While a professional energy checkup provides a complete picture of your home’s energy use, a diligent self assessment can also help you find small problem areas. First, make a list of obvious air leaks. Check for indoor air leaks, such as gaps along the edge of the flooring and joints of the walls and ceiling. Also check the leaks on the outside of your home, especially in areas where two different building materials meet. Finally remember to check other places for leaks including windows, doors and switches. The potential energy savings from reducing leaks in our own may range from 10% to 20% per year. This do-it-yourself home energy checkup will not be as thorough as a professional home energy assessment, but it can help you highlight some of the easier areas to address. When walking through your home, keep a checklist of the areas you have inspected and the problems you have found. This list will help you decide which energy efficiency upgrade should be given priority to.
11. Which of the following is the most probable way to save energy in a house
12. Why does the speaker recommend you to keep a check list
13. What is the speaker mainly talking about
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage
14．A．Trucks undertook all the transportation demands.
B．The railway industry had no strict regulations.
C．The damage to products by trains was serious.
D．The railway companies reduced their lines greatly.
15．A．They used to treat customers with enthusiasm and patience.
B．They still remain indifferent to customers nowadays.
C．They have always been considerate to customers.
D．They are quick to satisfy customers’ needs today.
16．A．Trains are more environmentally friendly than trucks.
B．Trains can transport more goods than trucks do.
C．Railroading does not wear out highways at all.
D．Trains have an accident rate only half that of trucks.
【答案】14．A 15．D 16．A
【原文】At the beginning of the 20th century, railroads were used to transport everything. Powerful railroad giants made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerate to customers. But things changed in 1970 when the rail industry was faced with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Meanwhile, many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting markets. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make timely panies reduced their lines by 1/3, used fewer employees, and minimized damage to products. And to increase their shipping capacity, freight containers were stacked on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels were enlarged. The image of the rail industry has changed dramatically. Today companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also impressive. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds because they give off only 1/10 to 1/3 the pollution that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.
Questions:
14. What kind of problem did the rail industry encounter in 1970
15. What do we know about the railroad companies’ attitude towards customers
16. Which of the four choices is an advantage that trains have over trucks in shipping goods
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage
17．A．He has just been back from South America.
B．He has been burnt for a few hours.
C．He has been surfing the Internet for long.
D．He has been doing school work all night.
18．A．To look for something interesting for pleasure.
B．To meet new friends in the net chatroom.
C．To release pressure from heavy work.
D．To look for information for his project.
19．A．Quite a few sites are just old event calendars.
B．It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet.
C．A lot of information can be found.
D．A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.
20．A．People spend much time talking about other interests.
B．It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.
C．It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.
D．It’s hardly the best source of information available.
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．C 20．B
【原文】W: Hi, Bryan. How are you doing You look tired.
M: Oh, I’m a little burned out. I’ve been surfing the Net for the last few hours.
W: Were you doing schoolwork, or was it just for pleasure
M: Well, I wanted to get some information on South America for a project I have, but I found a really interesting chat site with people from there and started chatting.
W: Well, did you get the information you needed
M: Yes, but then we spent lots of time chatting about other interests.
W: I see. The Internet is a wonderful place. There is so much information available. Sometimes I find myself looking for one piece of information, but by the time I have finished, I have lot of more than I started off looking for.
M: I know. One thing I really don’t like about it, though, it takes so much longer to find things, because many sites are useless.
W: Yes, there is that, and also, I often find the same site over and over again in a search. That definitely wastes lots of my time.
M: And of course, there are sites that offer little to no relative information on the topic you are searching for. In my search today, I found quite a few sites that were nothing more than old event calendars.
W: Well, I’m sure they were useful to someone at some time, but they should be removed when they’re no longer of use to anyone.
M: I agree. With all the time I spend on it, I still find it to be the best source of information available. And speaking of information, I really should read though what I got on the Internet and start working on my subjects.
W: Okay. Good luck. It’s funny we had this chat, as I was just on my way home to surf the Net myself.
M: Well, it was nice talking to you, and maybe I’ll meet you in a chat room later tonight.
Questions:
17. Why does the man look tired
18. Why did the man surf the Internet
19. What’s the woman’s opinion about surfing the Internet
20. What does the man NOT like about the Internet
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What Lies Beneath
“EARTH” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all, an alien examining it 21 a telescope would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all, but by oceans of water.
Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than 2m species of marine animals, of which they 22 (record) perhaps only a tenth so far. A new initiative hopes to change this. 23 (launch) in London on April 27th, Ocean Census aims to discover 100,000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade.
The initiative is happening now for two reasons. One is that, the longer scientists wait, the less there will be to catalogue. Climate change is heating the oceans, as well as making them more acidic. One of Ocean Census’s priorities will be cataloguing species thought to be in 24 (great) danger from climate change. Otherwise, the risk is of the forest burning down and not knowing 25 was there before it was lost.
The second reason is technological. Marine biologists find about 2,000 new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is betting that it 26 go faster. “Cyber taxonomy”, for instance, involves 27 (feed) DNA sequences from animals into computers, 28 can quickly decide whether it is a new species. The ability to describe new creatures, as well as simply cataloguing them, has also improved. Fancy cameras on remote-operated vehicles, for instance, 29 (allow) scientists to make laser scans of deep-sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat. Just as the immense pressures of the deep sea are fatal for humans, so taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination is a dangerous move 30 it may be reduced to gooey slime (粘稠的黏液).
【答案】21．through 22．have recorded 23．Launched 24．the greatest 25．what 26．can 27．feeding 28．which 29．allow 30．because
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“海洋普查”计划于4月27日在伦敦启动，旨在在未来十年内发现10万种新的海洋动物物种。
21．考查介词。句意：毕竟，如果外星人用望远镜观察它，就会发现它三分之二的表面根本不是被地球覆盖，而是被海洋覆盖。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后的名词构成介宾短语作状语，结合句意可知，此处应表示“凭借”应为through符合语境。故填through。
22．考查谓语动词。句意：海洋生物学家认为，海洋中可能生活着超过200万种海洋动物，而迄今为止他们只记录了其中的十分之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，此处应使用现在完成时，record与句子主语they为主动关系，且句子主语为复数意义。故填have recorded。
23．考查过去分词。句意：“海洋普查”计划于4月27日在伦敦启动，旨在在未来十年内发现10万种新的海洋动物物种。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，launch与逻辑主语Ocean Census之间为被动关系，且该动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Launched。
24．考查形容词最高级。句意：海洋普查的首要任务之一将是对那些被认为受到气候变化威胁最大的物种进行分类。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词danger，结合句意以及下文中的“from climate change”可知，此处指的是受到气候变化威胁“最大的”物种，所以此处应使用形容词最高级形式greatest，其前需加定冠词。故填the greatest。
25．考查宾语从句。句意：否则，风险就在于森林被烧毁，而人们却不知道森林消失之前有什么。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作knowing的宾语，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“……的事物”，所以应使用连接代词what。故填what。
26．考查情态动词。句意：海洋普查打赌它能进行得更快。分析句子结构可知，空前为it作主语，空后为动词原形，所以此处应为情态动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“能”应为can。故填can。
27．考查动名词。句意：例如，“网络分类学”涉及将动物的DNA序列输入计算机，计算机可以迅速确定它是否是一个新物种。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据involve doing sth.意为“涉及做某事”可知，此处应为动名词形式作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填feeding。
28．考查定语从句。句意：例如，“网络分类学”涉及将动物的DNA序列输入计算机，计算机可以迅速确定它是否是一个新物种。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词computers指的是物，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
29．考查谓语动词。句意：例如，远程操作车辆上的高级摄像机使科学家能够对水母等深海生物进行激光扫描，而无需将它们从栖息地移走。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，allow与句子主语Fancy cameras之间为主动关系，且句子主语为名词复数。故填allow。
30．考查状语从句。句意：就像深海的巨大压力对人类来说是致命的一样，把这样的水母带到水面上来检查也是一个危险的举动，因为它可能会变成粘稠的粘液。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，上下文之间为因果关系，所以此处应使用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．qualities B．continued C． bodies D．essential E. transformations F. described G. geological H. shaped I. estimated J. cultivated K. evolved
For the first time, scientists have mapped the whole surface of Titan, the largest moon around Saturn. The map confirms existing data showing that Titan has many Earth-like 31 that might be able to support life.
The data was collected by Cassini, a spacecraft operated by the U.S. space agency NASA．The spacecraft studied Saturn and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Astronomers used images and radar measurements from Cassini to create the 32 map of Titan.
The map shows Titan as a mixture of flat plains, hills and mountains, windblown sand areas, valleys and lakes. The mapping operation is 33 in a report published in Nature Astronomy.
Rosaly Lopes led the project. She is a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lopes told the publication that the many similarities between Earth and Titan make the Saturn moon a great choice for 34 exploration.
“Titan has an atmosphere like Earth's. It has wind; it has rain; it has mountains,” Lopes said.
Titan is the only planet in our solar system besides Earth to have known 35 of liquid on its surface. But Titan's seas and lakes are filled with liquid methane (甲烷) rather than water.
At cold temperatures, methane goes through similar 36 as rain does on Earth. It falls to the surface across the planet to form rivers and lakes and can then evaporate (挥发) to form clouds again.
The map found that nearly two-thirds of Titan's surface is made up of flat plains, Nature reported. About 17 percent is covered in sandy hills 37 by the wind, mostly around the equator.
Unlike Earth, Titan's sand is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Around 14 percent of the surface is considered hilly or mountainous. Seas and lakes filled with liquid methane cover a(n) 38 1.5 percent of Titan. The liquid exists mainly closer to the planet's poles, while the equatorial areas remain drier.
Rosaly Lopes says organic materials --- those containing carbon --- in Titan's atmosphere are 39 for the growth of living organisms. “Organics are very important for the possibility of lifeon Titan, which many of us think likely would have 40 in the liquid water ocean under Titan's icy crust (硬的表面),”she said.
【答案】31．A 32．G 33．F 34．B 35．C 36．E 37．H 38．I 39．D 40．K
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们首次绘制了土卫六的整个表面，土卫六是土星周围最大的卫星。这张地图证实了现有的数据，表明土卫六有许多类似地球的特性，可能适合生命的存在。
31．考查名词。句意：这张地图证实了现有的数据，表明土卫六有许多类似地球的特性，可能能够支持生命的存在。分析句子可知，空前many为形容词，此处应为复数名词形式，同时在that引导的定语从句中作主语成分，qualities“特性”为复数名词，符合句意。故选A项。
32．考查形容词。句意：天文学家利用卡西尼号的图像和雷达测量数据绘制了土卫六的地质图。分析句子可，空后map为名词，空前the为定冠词，此处应为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，geological“地质的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。
33．考查过去分词。句意：发表在《自然天文学》上的一篇报告描述了这种测绘操作。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合句意以及空前is可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，故空处应为过去分词形式，described“描述”为过去分词，符合句意。故选F项。
34．考查形容词。句意：Lopes告诉该出版物，地球和土卫六之间的许多相似之处使土星卫星成为继续探索的绝佳选择。分析句子可知，空后exploration为名词，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，continued“持续的，继续的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。
35．考查名词。句意：土卫六是太阳系中除地球外唯一一颗已知表面有液体的行星。分析句子可知，空前have known为谓语动词，此处应为名词作宾语成分，bodies“主体部分”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
36．考查名词。句意：在低温下，甲烷会经历与地球上的雨类似的转变。分析句子可知，空前similar为形容词，此处应为名词形式，transformations“转变”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：大约17%被风塑造的沙丘覆盖，大部分在赤道附近。分析句子可，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰hills，hills和该非谓语动词为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，shaped“塑造”为过去分词，符合句意。故选H项。
38．考查形容词。句意：充满液态甲烷的海洋和湖泊覆盖了泰坦大约1.5%的面积。分析句子可知，空后1.5 percent of Titan为名词短语，空前为冠词a，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，estimated“预计的，估计的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。
39．考查形容词。句意：罗莎莉·洛佩斯说，土卫六大气中含有碳的有机物质对生物体的生长至关重要。分析句子可知，空前are为系动词，空后为介词for，此处为形容词作表语，essential“至关重要的”为形容词，be essential for，意为“对……至关重要”符合句意。故选D项。
40．考查过去分词。句意：有机物对土卫六上生命的可能性非常重要，我们中的许多人认为，土卫六上的生命可能是在冰壳下的液态水海洋中进化而来的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合空前助动词have可知，此处为现在完成时，填入过去分词，evolved“进化”为过去分词，符合句意。故选K项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go
In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology, a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the 41 of our world around them. The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the 42 of Earth, but also the significance of human beings in the universe. Moreover, as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment, a science-based education seems to be well 43 to humanity’s inquisitive nature. 44 , it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world.
Certainly, it equips us with the knowledge of 45 which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foundation of the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 46 by science today. A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment. Without this, we would not have understood the 47 of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents.
Additionally, the scientific method highlights the importance of 48 , which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge. In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based education empowers us to 49 preconceived(预想的) concepts instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value.
Despite its 50 , a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can’t be rationalized through the scientific method. Though it explains how the world works, it is lacking as it does not 51 much about why things happen. For example, science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it. Thus, to 52 , the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large.
Moreover, science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great 53 to the world. A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well 54 the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events. For instance, it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable.
In conclusion, a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics, values and the humanities would 55 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world.
41．A．mechanics B．inventions C．truths D．objectives
42．A．significance B．evolution C．composition D．prospect
43．A．subjected B．reduced C．entitled D．tailored
44．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore
45．A．doubt B．suspicion C．inquiry D．consultation
46．A．framed B．explained C．assessed D．justified
47．A．dependence B．burst C．consciousness D．function
48．A．objectivity B．illustration C．curiosity D．inquiry
49．A．deny B．challenge C．dismiss D．highlight
50．A．margins B．expenses C．initiatives D．virtues
51．A．worry B．care C．reveal D．enclose
52．A．draw a parallel B．make ends meet C．strike a balance D．make a comparison
53．A．cost B．advantage C．discount D．angle
54．A．underline B．prioritize C．further D．neglect
55．A．assist B．furnish C．occupy D．engage
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．C 52．C 53．A 54．D 55．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了以科学为基础的教育是否正确的问题，解释了以科学为基础的教育的优缺点。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们严重依赖科学技术的当今时代，以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。A. mechanics机械学；B. inventions发明；C. truths真理；D. objectives目标。根据后文“The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy”可知，此处指以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学的各个学科，如生物学和天文学，当然不仅帮助我们掌握地球的进化，而且还帮助我们掌握人类在宇宙中的意义。A. significance重要性；B. evolution进化；C. composition作品；D. prospect预期。根据上文“The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the”指这些学科帮助学生掌握地球的进化。故选B。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性。A. subjected使遭受；B. reduced减少；C. entitled使享受权利；D. tailored定制，迎合。根据上文“people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment”可知，人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性，tailor此处表示“迎合”符合语境。故选D。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，以科学为基础的教育是否能够描绘出世界的完整图景仍然值得怀疑。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead反而；D. Therefore因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，它使我们具备探究的知识，这是我们理解世界所必需的。A. doubt怀疑；B. suspicion猜想；C. inquiry探究，询问；D. consultation商讨。后文“A classic example is Gregor Mendel’s famous pea plant experiment.”提出了孟德尔著名的豌豆植物实验，说明以科学为基础的教育让学生学会探究，从而理解世界。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能。A. framed制订；B. explained解释；C. assessed评估；D. justified证明。根据上文“discover the world as”此处指当今科学所解释的世界，故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。A. dependence依赖；B. burst爆发；C. consciousness知觉；D. function功能。根据后文“of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents”可知，通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能，如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学方法强调客观性的重要性，这是获取知识的工具。A. objectivity客观性；B. illustration插图；C. curiosity好奇心；D. inquiry询问。根据后文“In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.(在典型的以科学为基础的教育体系中，学生被教导客观地分析经验数据并得出科学原理)”可知，科学方法强调了客观性。故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。A. deny否认；B. challenge挑战；C. dismiss解散；D. highlight突出。根据后文“instead of merely accepting “facts” at face value.”指以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有其优点，但以科学为基础的教育并不总能让我们了解无法通过科学方法合理化的世界的某些方面。A. margins利润；B. expenses花费；C. initiatives积极性；D. virtues优点。上文主要说明了以科学为基础的教育帮助学生理解世界，发展自身能力，即优点。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它解释了世界是如何运作的，但它并没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，因此存在不足。A. worry担心；B. care关心；C. reveal揭露；D. enclose包围。根据后文“much about why things happen”指这种教育没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，存在不足。故选C。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，为了达到平衡，艺术为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。A. draw a parallel作比较；B. make ends meet收支平衡；C. strike a balance达到平衡；D. make a comparison进行比较。根据后文“the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large”可知，艺术是为了平衡科学的不足，为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。A. cost花费；B. advantage优势；C. discount打折；D. angle角度。根据后文提到以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究，说明科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。A. underline强调；B. prioritize优先考虑；C. further促进；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs”可知，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。A. assist帮助；B. furnish提供，配备家具；C. occupy占据；D. engage参与。根据后文“students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world”此处指以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。furnish with表示“为……提供”。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me.
I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.
I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “What is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.
When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili.
56．What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday
A．She can’t reproduce the exact color. B．There are no animals that she can paint.
C．She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D．The weather is not good enough for painting.
57．The writer hid her work because ________.
A．it was only a quick sketch B．it wasn’t good enough to sell
C．she believed Royale painted better D．she thought it would disappoint Royale
58．What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)
A．What I will give him. B．What I am painting.
C．What I am thinking about. D．What I can teach him.
59．What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday
A．Her technique improved much faster. B．The landscape was more familiar to her.
C．She was able to complete a number of paintings. D．The teacher who taught her then was more talented.
【答案】56．A 57．D 58．B 59．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在绘画假期期间所遇到的问题，作者无法重新再现确切的颜色。
56．推理判断题。根据第一段“I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether.(我想用水彩重现这个场景。虽然我可以用文字来尝试，但要在速写本上画出来完全是另一回事)”可推知，作者遇到的问题是不能够重新再现确切的颜色。故选A。
57．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.(我当然不想让一个能做出这种事的人来看我这幅糟糕的画。于是，我尽可能随意地把脚放在旁边那张已经完成的桌子上，我们继续今天早些时候开始的谈话)”可推知，作者认为自己的画很糟糕，因此不想让Royale失望。故选D。
58．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “what is painting like ” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.(一开始，他似乎把我当作艺术家同行，一时间我发现自己陷入了深深的尴尬之中。但当他问我：“绘画是什么样子的？”我意识到这位职业艺术家以前从来没有画过任何东西。他只是想试试我的颜色)”可推知，通过Royale的问题可以知道他对作者现在做的事情，即正在绘画什么感兴趣。故“what I am up to”的意思是“我正在画什么”。故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. (那一周的第二个要素是地点。我就是在这样的地方长大的，我很快就和那里产生了联系)”可知，作者更熟悉之前的绘画假期所在地方的一些风景。故选B。
（B）
How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
*For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes, Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal journey for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
*Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
*Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exercise to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
*Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an operator, entrance tickets should be included. All entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer (臭氧层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation (海拔), makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
*Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
60．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A．The express Salkantay Trek. B．The Inca Trail.
C．The Apus Peru Trek. D．The Choquequrao Trek.
61．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for 4 hours.
D．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
62．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by .
A．strengthened B．harmed C．detected D．neutralized
【答案】60．D 61．D 62．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去马丘比丘旅游的一些攻略。
60．推理判断题。根据题干可知，Andy是一个主修考古学的大学生，他喜欢极限运动，他还是一位经验丰富的徒步旅行者。根据“Hiking to Machu Picchu”下面第三段的“Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu.(对考古感兴趣的旅行者应该考虑马丘比丘延伸出来的Choquequirao Trek。这一行程包括在人迹罕至的、陡峭的阿普里马克峡谷进行壮观的徒步旅行，以及在前往马丘比丘之前探索Choquequirao考古遗址。)”可知，Choquequirao有考古遗址，而且在前往马丘比丘的途中需要经过人迹罕至的、陡峭的峡谷，这些能够满足Andy的考古和进行极限运动的爱好，所以他最有可能选择Choquequirao Trek。故选D。
61．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an travel agency, all services should be included.(如果你是独自旅行，你可以购买个人门票，尽管你应该注意，在进入景点之前，你需要雇用一名当地导游。如果你通过旅行社预订了旅游套餐，那么所有服务都应包括在内。)”可知，个人购买门票时被要求雇用当地导游，而购买旅行套餐的人享受所有服务。可知“导游服务对于个人和团体游客都是有必要的”是正确的。故选D。
62．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.(再加上海拔高度，那会使得太阳非常强烈，所以戴上帽子，使用防晒系数高的防晒霜。)”可知，这里的阳光强烈，所以紫外线强度高，由此可知，这里的用来吸收紫外线的臭氧层遭到破坏，所以不足以抵挡紫外线。因此推断compromised表示“受到损害”，与harmed的意思最为接近。故选B。
( C )
The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research.
The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide. The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet — up from previous estimates of around 60,000.
The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang. The team’s result is “a rather conservative estimate,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.”
Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. His and his colleagues’ local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet ” he says.
Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds, “I find pretty inspirational.”
63．What is the finding of the new research
A．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified.
B．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science.
C．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge.
D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees.
64．What can be learned about the research method
A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data.
B．The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots.
C．Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method.
D．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method.
65．What does the underlined word “preponderance” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．majority B．evolution C．cultivation D．capability
66．According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that ________.
A．genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate information
B．trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped together
C．too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented
D．the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species.
【答案】63．B 64．C 65．A 66．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过新的调查研究，得出的对全球的树木生物种类的数量估算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种；同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马逊热带雨林里面，还有许多不知名的树种等待人们去发现，这也令这些生物学家们倍受鼓舞。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented.(世界上的森林可能蕴藏着比以前认为的更多的秘密：一项新的全球树木生物多样性估计表明，大约有9200种树木未被记录在案)”可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。
64．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets. (这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力，他们在两个巨大的数据集中对树木进行了分类)”和第三段“The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. (根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量，研究人员得出了他们对另外9200个尚未记录的物种的估计)”可知，该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。
65．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else. (比如亚马逊，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种)”可知，这里通过举例子说明划线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon (科学家们对亚马逊等地大多数不常见的树木知之甚少)”中，在如亚马逊雨林这种地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，所以他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少，故划线词表示“大多数”，与“the majority of”同义。故选A。
66．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet ” he says. (Sliman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。“已经有多少树种被亚马逊当地人所熟知，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而灭绝的民族或文化所知道的？有多少“物种”已经有干燥的样本放在橱柜里？”他说)。”可知，Sliman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. B．Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C．Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact. D．In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. E．Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention. F．It’s more likely to be associated with dominance of threat in conflicting situations, though.
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here ‘s what hard science reveals about eye contact:
We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. 67 . It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
68 . Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.
Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations. 69 . Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep ‘in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,“ said Minson.
Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. 70 . And it is the subject of current research.
In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. but that their brain reactions also differ-” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.
【答案】67．D 68．B 69．F 70．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了眼神交流所代表的意义以及关于眼神注视的相关研究。
67．根据上文“We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.(我们知道，典型的婴儿会本能地注视母亲的眼睛，而母亲也会回望。这种相互凝视是母子之间依恋的主要部分)”以及后文“It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.(它可以在拥挤的房间里吸引别人的注意，“眼神交流和微笑”可以表明你的可用性和自信，这是心理学家莫妮卡·摩尔研究中支持的一个常识性概念)”可知，上文提到了婴儿和母亲之间的注视，可知本句应当是说明成年人的注视代表的含义。故D选项“成年后，用一种愉快的方式看别人可能是一种关注的赞美信号”符合语境，故选D。
68．根据后文“Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.(神经科学家邦妮·奥金发现，在一次简短的面试中，当男性的目光方向被记录下来时，催产素会增加他们与面试官眼神接触的次数。这也在一些有自闭症谱系症状的高功能男性中发现，他们可能倾向于避免眼神交流。其他研究正在使用先进的大脑扫描方法探索在直接凝视时做出反应的特定大脑区域)”可知，本段的主旨是科学研究发现眼神接触能反应在一些疾病中，即生物学因素，故B选项“眼神接触背后的生物学因素正在调查中”符合语境，故选B。
69．根据上文“Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations.(在友好的情况下，目光接触可能是一种联系或信任的标志)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，上文提到了友好情况，可知本句是在说明有冲突的情况。故F选项“然而，在冲突的情况下，这更可能与威胁的优势有关”符合语境，故选F。
70．根据上文“Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.(眼睛的注视是短暂的。当我们看一张脸或一幅画时，我们的眼睛一次停留在一个地方，通常是眼睛或嘴巴。这些停顿通常以每秒三次的速度发生，然后眼睛跳到另一个点，直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样被记录下来)”以及后文“And it is the subject of current research.(这也是当前研究的主题)”可知，上文提到了图像形成仍然是当前研究的主题，说明这一现象还没有被解释清楚，仍然是一个谜。故A选项“整个图像是如何组装和感知的仍然是一个谜”符合语境，故选A。
IV.Summary Writing (10分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The great teen sleeping crisis
A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers.
One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers.
So what can be done to make life easier for everyone Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine.
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【答案】A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep. But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin. One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
71．考试时遇到难题，保持冷静是克服困难的关键。(key)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】When you meet with a difficult problem in an exam, keeping calm is the key to overcoming the difficulty.
【详解】考查从句，时态，名词和短语。陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，根据句意可知，本句用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，meet with表示“遇到”，“考试时的难题”可译为a difficult problem in an exam，主句用动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数is，key to表示“……的关键”，“克服困难”译为overcome the difficulty，故翻译为：When you meet with /come across difficult problems in examinations, being calm and confident is the key to success.
72．尽管阴雨绵绵，同学们无不为艺术节的精心安排所深深打动。(impress)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Even if it was raining continuously, all the students were deeply impressed by the art festival's thoughtful/ considerate/ careful arrangement.
【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。表示“尽管”应用even if引导让步状语从句，表示“阴雨绵绵”可翻译为it was raining continuously；主语为all the students；表示“为……所深深打动”短语为be deeply impressed by；表示“艺术节的精心安排”翻译为the thoughtful/ considerate/ careful arrangement。为一般过去时。故翻译为Even if it was raining continuously, all the students were deeply impressed by the art festival's thoughtful/ considerate/ careful arrangement.
73．生命在于运动，只有让锻炼成为一种生活习惯，我们才能拥有更健康的体魄。(only by)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Life lies in movement. Only by making exercise a living habit can we have a healthier body.
【详解】考查短语、时态和倒装句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“在于”用短语lie in；“生命在于运动”翻译为life lies in movement；“只有”翻译为only，“通过做某事”用介词短语by doing sth.；“让锻炼成为一种生活习惯”翻译为make exercise a living habit；“才能”用情态动词can；“拥有更健康的体魄”翻译为have a healthier body；“only+状语”位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，将情态动词can置于主语之前。故翻译为Life lies in movement. Only by making exercise a living habit can we have a healthier body.
74．年轻人要学会判断自己的身体状况，不要忽视疾病的早期信号，不然长此以往，会付出健康的代价。(cost)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Young people should learn to judge their own physical condition, and not overlook the early signal of disease, or in the long run, they will pay the cost of health.
【详解】考查情态动词、时态、固定短语。表示“年轻人”用Young people，作主语。表示“要学会判断”用should learn to judge，其中should为情态动词，后接动词原形learn。表示“自己的身体状况”用one’s own physical condition，结合主语Young people可知，本句用their own physical condition，作宾语。表示“忽视疾病的早期信号”用overlook the early signal of disease，因前面有情态动词should，故表示“不要忽视疾病的早期信号”用not overlook the early signal of disease，且用连词and连接。表示“不然”用连词or，连接前后两个句子。表示“长此以往”用in the long run，作状语。“会付出健康的代价”理解为“他们会付出健康的代价”，结合句意可知事情发生在将来，故句子用一般将来时，故用they will pay the cost of health，其中the cost of 意为“以……为代价”。故翻译为Young people should learn to judge their own physical condition, and not overlook the early signal of disease, or in the long run, they will pay the cost of health.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
下图反映的是网络时代所出现的一种问题，有些孩子沉溺于网上交流而忽视了与父母的沟通。请你根据对该漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文。该文应包含以下要点：
1.你对此现象的看法。
2.我们该如何主动和父母亲沟通。
3.文中不得出现任何个人信息。
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【答案】One possible version:
As is shown in the picture, a teenage boy is enjoying chatting online so much that he refuses to talk with his mother, which vividly describes a common phenomenon among teenagers.
This phenomenon makes me lost in thought. Our parents, burdened with family and work pressure, work day and night to support the family. They spare no effort to bring us up as well. Obviously, they have been devoting themselves selflessly to us, without expecting any reward. However, many of us children should be addicted to chatting online, ignoring what our parents need and how they feel.
As their children, we should communicate with our parents regularly to better know each other’s updates. When we have problems, we can turn to them for help in time. Only in this way will the relationship between us and our parents become better and better.

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