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突破03 阅读理解之细节理解题
第一部分：重点难点
掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almost all,nearly, more than, over, only afew,normally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：扩缩范围易混易错点
【分析】选项中的描述将原文内容扩大或缩小，与原文的内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动。干扰项使用了与文中某句话相似的句子结构和陈述，但在陈述中对某个细节的陈述有变动，关键地方换了单词，增加或删除了部分信息，从而改变了句意，而考生在答题时却没有注意到这一变化。
易错陷阱2：张冠李戴易混易错点
【分析】所述细节确实与原文一致,但变换了主体，把文中的“张三”换成了选项中的“李四”。
这里的”张冠李戴”指的是把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点，把两个信息点故意错误地混合在一起，这样偷换概念的陈述与文意相差甚远，考生很容易因为粗心或没有看懂原文而做出错误的选择。
易错陷阱3：无中生有易混易错点
【分析】在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。对于这样的选项，考试容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。
易错陷阱4：原词再现易混易错点
【分析】选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。
【易错点提醒一】 扩缩范围易混易错点
【例1】 We have house rules to make LearnEnglish a fun and safe place to improve your English, so please make sure you follow these rules.
The age requirement
We welcome learners from around the world who are at least 18 years old. If you are 12 or younger, please use LearnEnglish Kids; if you are 13—17, please use LearnEnglish teens.
Who is the LearnEnglish website mainly intended for
A．English teachers. B．Adult learners.
C．Children under 12. D．Students aged between 13 and 17.
易错分析：选项不对应题意。原文多次出现选项原词，但题干中1细节均对应不同网站，如12 or younger, ...LearnEnglish Kids; 13-17，...use LearnEnglish teens。
【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章The age requirement部分内容“We welcome learners from around the world who are at least 18 years old.(我们欢迎来自世界各地的至少18岁的学习者。)”可知，该网站是针对成年人学习英语的。故选B项。
【易错点提醒二】 张冠李戴易混易错点
【例2】 Animal studies have demonstrated the strong impact of a male mammal’s nutritional history on its offspring (后代). For instance, male rats that experience starvation before mating produce offspring with altered blood sugar levels and changes in hormones like corticosterone (which helps fight stress) and insulin-like growth factor (which aids in baby development).
...
Increasingly, biology reveals that a person’s health and well-being significantly impact the health and happiness of their future children. It is not solely because a tough man is more likely to be a great father or due to his genetic makeup. Regardless of a person’s inherited characteristics, the lifestyle choices they make throughout their life, even before considering parenthood, will have a lasting impact on their children’s physical and mental well-being.
What can be learned from the passage
A．A strong male is likely to leave more offspring behind.
B．The lifestyle a male has chosen affects not only himself but also his children.
C．A healthy male usually gets the best genes to pass along to his future generations.
D．It is unlikely that a happy male will develop anxiety and depression.
易错分析：干扰项A中主语A strong male与文中第一句的主语进行混淆，属于“张冠李戴”，C、D项均属张冠李戴，曲解文意。
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Regardless of a person’s inherited characteristics, the lifestyle choices they make throughout their life, even before considering parenthood, will have a lasting impact on their children’s physical and mental well-being.(不管一个人的遗传特征如何，他们一生中所做的生活方式选择，甚至在考虑成为父母之前，都会对他们孩子的身心健康产生持久的影响。)”可知，一个男人选择的生活方式不仅影响他自己，也影响他的孩子。故选B。
【易错点提醒三】 无中生有易混易错点
【例3】We have house rules to make LearnEnglish a fun and safe place to improve your English, so please make sure you follow these rules.
The age requirement
We welcome learners from around the world who are at least 18 years old. If you are 12 or younger, please use LearnEnglish Kids; if you are 13—17, please use LearnEnglish teens.
...
What is the purpose of these rules
A．To create a good English-learning environment.
B．To encourage everyone to learn English.
C．Keep in line with Internet laws.
D．To respect users of the website.
易错分析：本题易根据常识主观臆断，无中生有误选B。应当依附原文，仔细审题，故选A。
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“We have house rules to make LearnEnglish a fun and safe place to improve your English, so please make sure you follow these rules.(我们有一些规则，让学习英语成为一个有趣又安全的地方来提高你的英语，所以请确保你遵守这些规则。)”可知，是为了给人们创造一个提高英语水平的良好环境，所以制定了这些规则。故选A项。
【易错点提醒四】 原词再现易混易错点
【例4】 Explore Central Park, one of the largest city parks in the world and one of the most famous symbols of New York. Let’s have a look at its main sights.
Central Park is New York’s largest city park and one of the biggest in the world, with an area of 843 acres (about 3.4km2). This park is home to man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wooded areas. You will also find the Central Park Zoo, among other attractions in this greenspace of New York.
What can we learn about the Central Park from the text
A．It is home to lakes and waterfalls.
B．It is perfect for doing outdoor sports.
C．It is the largest city park in the world.
D．It is the most famous symbol of New York.
易错分析：选项C中D中均出现文中的原词如most famous, largest等进行干扰，需仔细辨析。
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“It is perfect for sunbathing, going for walks, or doing any outdoor sports. (它非常适合日光浴、散步或进行任何户外运动)”可知，中央公园最适合户外运动。故选B。
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例（60%左右），全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
因此，为攻克阅读理解之细节理解题，特推出以下阅读理解题。
（一）
Brian is a very silly, funny student. What he loves most is to make people laugh. All his friends love his jokes, and even the teachers think he is very funny. Brian knows that comedy is what he likes best.
When he hears about the school’s talent show, he decides to sign up so that he can share his comedy from the stage. He has never done real stand-up comedy before, and he is very excited. But when some of the students find out he will participate, they laugh at him. Brian thinks it does not feel very good when someone laughs at you in a mean way!
Brian cannot understand why they are being so unkind to him. For a moment, he thinks about telling the talent show organizers he will not participate. But then he remembers how much his friends and teachers like his jokes. He does not know why these other students are being so negative, but he decides to go ahead and prepare his comedy routine for the talent show.
Brian decides to do a great job at the talent show to prove to the mean students that they are wrong. Everyone loves his routine, and he wins first prize! Even so, the same students tell Brian he is dumb and that he will never be a successful comedian. Brian just shakes his head and wonders what their problem is. He does not understand, but he realizes that it has nothing to do with him. He happily continues to work towards his goal.
As the years go on, Brian meets more people like that. Luckily, they are the minority, and as he works hard to become a comedian, most of the people he meets encourage him and help him to become even funnier. He gets more and more opportunities to perform, and he is even invited to appear on television and act in movies.
1．Why does Brian decide to participate in the school’s talent show
A．His friends and teachers recommend it. B．He wants to bring laughter to others on stage.
C．He wants to prove himself to other students. D．He wants to laugh some students on stage.
2．How does Brian react to some students’ negative comments at the beginning
A．He feels a bit annoyed. B．He ignores their comments.
C．He is determined to go on. D．He is grateful to them.
3．How does Brian handle those negative comments later
A．He learns to fight with them bravely. B．He attempts to avoid them finally.
C．He tries to learn from them happily. D．He learns to treat them calmly.
4．What kind of person is Brian
A．Caring and helpful. B．Generous and modest.
C．Determined and patient. D．Grateful and humorous.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了面对他人的嘲笑与不解，布莱恩始终坚持自己的喜剧梦想的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When he hears about the school’s talent show, he decides to sign up so that he can share his comedy from the stage.”（当他听说学校有才艺表演时，他决定报名参加，这样他就可以在舞台上分享他的喜剧了。）可知，他报名参加才艺秀是想分享他的喜剧，即给别人带去笑声与欢乐。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“But when some of the students find out he will participate, they laugh at him. Brian thinks it does not feel very good when someone laughs at you in a mean way!”（但是当一些学生发现他要参加时，他们嘲笑他。布莱恩认为，当有人用刻薄的方式嘲笑你时，感觉不太好!）及第三段第一句“Brian cannot understand why they are being so unkind to him.”（布莱恩不明白他们为什么对他这么不友好。）可知，面对同学们的嘲笑，他一开始感到不开心，有点气恼，想不通他们为什么要这么刻薄。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句“Brian just shakes his head and wonders what their problem is. He does not understand, but he realizes that it has nothing to do with him. He happily continues to work towards his goal.”（布莱恩只是摇了摇头，想知道他们的问题是什么。他不明白，但他意识到这与他无关。他愉快地继续朝着他的目标努力。）可知，最后布莱恩意识到这些负面评价不是自己的问题，他不应该受其困扰，应该继续自己的目标，说明他能够冷静理性认识这些负面评价。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句“Brian just shakes his head and wonders what their problem is. He does not understand, but he realizes that it has nothing to do with him. He happily continues to work towards his goal.”（布莱恩只是摇了摇头，想知道他们的问题是什么。他不明白，但他意识到这与他无关。他愉快地继续朝着他的目标努力。）并结合全文可知，布莱恩能够长期坚持自己的方向并理性对待负面评价，不因他人的嘲笑而放弃自己的目标，因而可以判断他是一个有决心并有耐心的人。故选C项。
（二）
If your bookshelf is looking a little empty and collecting dust, or you’re trying to start reading more, a book box will do it all for you and send you an accurate selection from your favourites.
Finding the right book subscription can be tricky, though, which is why we’ve gathered some of the best book subscription boxes in Australia for you to enjoy.
Bionic Book Subscription, $75 per six months at Etsy
This personalized book subscription service will send you books via an algorithm (算法) that learns your taste preferences to select and send books you’ll love. You can enjoy a mix of new and recent releases across fiction and contemporary classics.
Mystery Book Subscription Box, $99.95 per quarter at Isubscribe
Enjoy a great selection of pre-loved books, coming straight to your door, with a range of extras to keep you reading comfortable. You can expect to receive three or six books sent to you month by month, according to your choice.
“Purchased as a gift subscription for Father’s Day and he absolutely loves it! Such a fantastic and unique option for a book lover yourself or a loved one,” a five-star reviewer said.
Australian Magazine Subscription, $36.99 per month at Magshop
Magshop features all of the top selling Australian magazine subscriptions in one place, making it easy for you to enjoy your favourites. You’ll find all kinds of books—from entertainment, lifestyle, fashion and beauty to games and puzzles, health and fitness, cooking, homes, and so much more.
Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box, $190 per year at Etsy
Sent to you month by month, each box contains three or six great books with one hand-drawn bookmark, a new handmade candle in a variety of colours, smells and containers, and a new pair of socks.
“Got 2/3 books so far and I’m loving the selection! Can’t believe I got a perfect-condition hardcover on my first go. It was an amazing surprise. The custom little bookmarks are cute too. I’d recommend this subscription in a heartbeat and can’t wait to purchase a second round,” a five-star reviewer said.
5．Which one is the least costly if you subscribe for a year
A．Bionic Book Subscription.
B．Mystery Book Subscription Box.
C．Australian Magazine Subscription.
D．Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box.
6．What do we know about Australian Magazine Subscription
A．It covers a wide range of interest.
B．It contains extra hand-made items.
C．It can be purchased as a gift subscription.
D．It learns readers’ taste preferences via an algorithm.
7．What do Mystery Book Subscription Box and Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box have in common
A．A supply of top-selling books. B．A service of monthly delivery.
C．A mix of new and recent releases. D．A selection of amazing hardcovers.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚几个书籍订阅盒服务。
5．细节理解题。根据每个书籍订阅盒后面的价格 Bionic Book Subscription, $75 per six months（每6个月75美元），Mystery Book Subscription Box, $99.95 per quarter（每个季度99.95美元），Australian Magazine Subscription, $36.99 per month（每个月36.99美元）和Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box, $190 per year（每年190美元）可以推算出，如果订阅一年，花钱最少的是 Bionic Book Subscription。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据 “Australian Magazine Subscription” 中的 “You’ll find all kinds of books – from entertainment, lifestyle, fashion and beauty to games and puzzles, health and fitness, cooking, homes, and so much more.”（你会发现各种各样的书——从娱乐、生活方式、时尚和美容到游戏和拼图、健康和健身、烹饪、家庭等等。）可知，该订阅盒可涵盖很多书籍，可以满足书籍爱好者的广泛兴趣。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据“Mystery Book Subscription Box”中的“You can expect to receive three or six books sent to you month by month”（你可以指望每月有三或六本书送到你手中）和“Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box ”中“Sent to you month by month”（逐月寄给你）可知，这两个订阅盒都是按月将书籍送到顾客手中，故选B。
（三）
I used to be the most determined resolution-maker. Even as a child, I was always goal-centered and loved the feeling of accomplishing things, and every January 1st, I would sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year. And what resolutions they were! I always picked big goals, like: In the New Year, I will lose 50 pounds! And run a marathon!
The problem I’d start out strong, but by February or March, I’d be out of willpower and I’d slide quietly back into my old habits. Every winter, I’d feel guilty and ashamed, looking back at all of the amazing things… I think one of my biggest problems with New Years resolutions was wanting to “dream big” but not having the skills and ability to do those things.
Now I take the opposite approach I’m all about the little goals. First, little goals are easy to set. Instead of saying I’m going to run a marathon, I’ve decided I’m going to run 20 minutes three days a week. Second, little goals are easier to accomplish. Every time I check one of my mini goals off my list, I feel a burst of pride and accomplishment. It’s a great feeling, and I don’t have to wait until the end of the year to enjoy it!
The other great thing about making small goals instead of resolutions is that you can build small goals on top of each other, adding the achievements together. For instance, recently I decided to make sure I ate five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. After a few months, this became a solid habit.
8．Why did the author feel guilty and ashamed
A．Because she picked big goals as her resolutions.
B．Because she failed to accomplish her resolutions.
C．Because she concentrated on the amazing things.
D．Because she loved the sense of accomplishment.
9．How did the author solve her problem
A．She began to make small goals. B．She returned to her old habits.
C．She changed her attitude to dreams. D．She gave up making any resolutions.
10．What did the author want to say in the last paragraph
A．Small goals are easy to achieve. B．Small goals lead to big achievements.
C．Persistence brings about good habits. D．Resolutions are worse than mini goals.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Make New Year’s Resolutions B．Combine Big and Small Goals
C．Set Small Goals not Big Ones D．Dream Big and Take Action
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者从还是一个孩子时就开始在每年的1月1日坐下来写下来新年愿望，但定下的愿望太大，没有能够完成，于是就改为设定小目标进行，还讲述了设定小目标的好处。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I’d start out strong, but by February or March, I’d be out of willpower and I’d slide quietly back into my old habits. Every winter, I’d feel guilty and ashamed, looking back at all of the amazing things… (一开始我很坚强，但到了2月或3月，我的意志力就会耗尽，我就会悄悄地回到我的旧习惯。每年冬天，我都会感到内疚和羞愧，回顾所有令人惊奇的事情……)”可知，作者感到内疚和羞愧是因为她没有完成她的决心。故选B。
9．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“Now I take the opposite approach I’m all about the little goals.(现在我采取了相反的方法，我只关注小目标。)”可知，作者通过设定小目标而不是大目标来解决她的问题，故选A。
10．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“The other great thing about making small goals instead of resolutions is that you can build small goals on top of each other, adding the achievements together.(制定小目标而不是下定决心的另一个好处是，你可以把一个个小目标建立起来，把成就加在一起。)”可知，作者在最后一段中想表达的是小目标可以促成大成就。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。 根据第二段中“I think one of my biggest problems with New Years resolutions was wanting to “dream big” but not having the skills and ability to do those things.(我认为我的新年决心最大的问题之一是想要“梦想远大”，但没有技能和能力去做这些事情。)”和第三段中“Now I take the opposite approach I’m all about the little goals. (现在我采取了相反的方法，我只关注小目标。)”以及下文讲述了三个设定小目标的好处可知，本篇文章的最佳标题是“设定小目标，而不是大目标”。故选C。
（四）
The 2023 China-Germany Automobile Conference was held in Jilin, Henan, and Zhejiang recently. At the conference, people discussed plans for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and collaboration (合作) between Germany and China.
China has established a competitive edge in NEVs. In 2022, China’s market share of NEVs accounted for more than 65 percent of the global total, maintaining its position as the world’s leading NEV market for eight years, China Daily reported.
Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs. Surprisingly, within a few years, China’s NEV exports increased greatly. In 2022, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported an impressive total export volume of 679,000 NEVs.
In the European market, Chinese brands, such as BYD and Hongqi, have entered the top 50 best-selling motor companies across Europe, The Times reported. Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London, and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.
NEVs made in China are also popular in Mexico. One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.
“Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.
The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation. One major example of this is China’s drive to become the global leader in making EV batteries, fueled by an advantage in the supply chain and raw materials such as lithium (锂) and cobalt (钴).
12．What can we learn about BYD
A．BYD always maintains the world’s leading position.
B．BYD lost hope due to doubts and mockery.
C．BYD suffered hardship in its development.
D．BYD exports 679,000 NEVs each year.
13．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph
A．Only BYD and Hongqi have entered the European market.
B．Chinese NEVs can help protect the environment.
C．Pure electric buses have caused many road accidents.
D．Importing Chinese NEVs is a main task for The Times.
14．What is Aguilar’s attitude to the technology from China
A．Dismissive. B．Satisfied. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
15．What is the key factor for the global expansion of Chinese NEVs
A．The ability of creation. B．Cooperation with partners.
C．The big overseas markets. D．Making EV batteries.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国新能源汽车在全球蓬勃发展，主要得益于企业努力提高创新能力。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs.(回顾中国领先的电动汽车制造商比亚迪的历程，董事长王传福回忆了2003年比亚迪在质疑和嘲笑中进入新能源汽车行业的情景，当时几乎没有人相信新能源汽车的未来)”可知，比亚迪在发展过程中遭遇了困难。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London, and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.(比亚迪国际合作部和欧洲汽车销售部总经理舒酉星表示，该公司的纯电动公交车目前已经在阿姆斯特丹、伦敦和哥本哈根等100多个欧洲主要城市上路，帮助欧洲人减少了20多万吨的碳排放)”可知，中国的新能源汽车可以帮助保护环境。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.(以色列人阿吉拉尔(Israel Aguilar)对此印象深刻。在试用了中国新能源汽车将近一年之后，阿吉拉尔说他可能永远不会再开他的传统汽油车了，他说新能源汽车提供了更好的舒适性)”及倒数第二段““Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.(“在这个时代，科技真的非常重要，尤其是对汽车来说。对我来说，操纵这些来自中国的技术真的很了不起，”阿吉拉尔在接受新华社采访时表示)”可推知，Aguilar对中国技术很满意。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation.(中国新能源汽车在全球蓬勃发展，主要得益于企业努力提高创新能力)”可知，中国新能源汽车在全球扩张的关键因素是企业创新的能力。故选A。03考前专项突破之阅读理解细节理解题
第一部分：重点难点
掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almost all,nearly, more than, over, only afew,normally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。
第二部分：易错失分
易错陷阱1：扩缩范围易混易错点
【分析】选项中的描述将原文内容扩大或缩小，与原文的内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动。干扰项使用了与文中某句话相似的句子结构和陈述，但在陈述中对某个细节的陈述有变动，关键地方换了单词，增加或删除了部分信息，从而改变了句意，而考生在答题时却没有注意到这一变化。
易错陷阱2：张冠李戴易混易错点
【分析】所述细节确实与原文一致,但变换了主体，把文中的“张三”换成了选项中的“李四”。
这里的”张冠李戴”指的是把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点，把两个信息点故意错误地混合在一起，这样偷换概念的陈述与文意相差甚远，考生很容易因为粗心或没有看懂原文而做出错误的选择。
易错陷阱3：无中生有易混易错点
【分析】在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。对于这样的选项，考试容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。
易错陷阱4：原词再现易混易错点
【分析】选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。
【易错点提醒一】 扩缩范围易混易错点
【例1】 We have house rules to make LearnEnglish a fun and safe place to improve your English, so please make sure you follow these rules.
The age requirement
We welcome learners from around the world who are at least 18 years old. If you are 12 or younger, please use LearnEnglish Kids; if you are 13—17, please use LearnEnglish teens.
Who is the LearnEnglish website mainly intended for
A．English teachers. B．Adult learners.
C．Children under 12. D．Students aged between 13 and 17.
【易错点提醒二】 张冠李戴易混易错点
【例2】 Animal studies have demonstrated the strong impact of a male mammal’s nutritional history on its offspring (后代). For instance, male rats that experience starvation before mating produce offspring with altered blood sugar levels and changes in hormones like corticosterone (which helps fight stress) and insulin-like growth factor (which aids in baby development).
...
Increasingly, biology reveals that a person’s health and well-being significantly impact the health and happiness of their future children. It is not solely because a tough man is more likely to be a great father or due to his genetic makeup. Regardless of a person’s inherited characteristics, the lifestyle choices they make throughout their life, even before considering parenthood, will have a lasting impact on their children’s physical and mental well-being.
What can be learned from the passage
A．A strong male is likely to leave more offspring behind.
B．The lifestyle a male has chosen affects not only himself but also his children.
C．A healthy male usually gets the best genes to pass along to his future generations.
D．It is unlikely that a happy male will develop anxiety and depression.
【易错点提醒三】 无中生有易混易错点
【例3】We have house rules to make LearnEnglish a fun and safe place to improve your English, so please make sure you follow these rules.
The age requirement
We welcome learners from around the world who are at least 18 years old. If you are 12 or younger, please use LearnEnglish Kids; if you are 13—17, please use LearnEnglish teens.
...
What is the purpose of these rules
A．To create a good English-learning environment.
B．To encourage everyone to learn English.
C．Keep in line with Internet laws.
D．To respect users of the website.
【易错点提醒四】 原词再现易混易错点
【例4】 Explore Central Park, one of the largest city parks in the world and one of the most famous symbols of New York. Let’s have a look at its main sights.
Central Park is New York’s largest city park and one of the biggest in the world, with an area of 843 acres (about 3.4km2). This park is home to man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wooded areas. You will also find the Central Park Zoo, among other attractions in this greenspace of New York.
What can we learn about the Central Park from the text
A．It is home to lakes and waterfalls.
B．It is perfect for doing outdoor sports.
C．It is the largest city park in the world.
D．It is the most famous symbol of New York.
第三部分：猜题押题
猜题押题理由
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例（60%左右），全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。因此，为攻克阅读理解之细节理解题，特推出以下阅读理解题。
（一）
Brian is a very silly, funny student. What he loves most is to make people laugh. All his friends love his jokes, and even the teachers think he is very funny. Brian knows that comedy is what he likes best.
When he hears about the school’s talent show, he decides to sign up so that he can share his comedy from the stage. He has never done real stand-up comedy before, and he is very excited. But when some of the students find out he will participate, they laugh at him. Brian thinks it does not feel very good when someone laughs at you in a mean way!
Brian cannot understand why they are being so unkind to him. For a moment, he thinks about telling the talent show organizers he will not participate. But then he remembers how much his friends and teachers like his jokes. He does not know why these other students are being so negative, but he decides to go ahead and prepare his comedy routine for the talent show.
Brian decides to do a great job at the talent show to prove to the mean students that they are wrong. Everyone loves his routine, and he wins first prize! Even so, the same students tell Brian he is dumb and that he will never be a successful comedian. Brian just shakes his head and wonders what their problem is. He does not understand, but he realizes that it has nothing to do with him. He happily continues to work towards his goal.
As the years go on, Brian meets more people like that. Luckily, they are the minority, and as he works hard to become a comedian, most of the people he meets encourage him and help him to become even funnier. He gets more and more opportunities to perform, and he is even invited to appear on television and act in movies.
1．Why does Brian decide to participate in the school’s talent show
A．His friends and teachers recommend it. B．He wants to bring laughter to others on stage.
C．He wants to prove himself to other students. D．He wants to laugh some students on stage.
2．How does Brian react to some students’ negative comments at the beginning
A．He feels a bit annoyed. B．He ignores their comments.
C．He is determined to go on. D．He is grateful to them.
3．How does Brian handle those negative comments later
A．He learns to fight with them bravely. B．He attempts to avoid them finally.
C．He tries to learn from them happily. D．He learns to treat them calmly.
4．What kind of person is Brian
A．Caring and helpful. B．Generous and modest.
C．Determined and patient. D．Grateful and humorous.
（二）
If your bookshelf is looking a little empty and collecting dust, or you’re trying to start reading more, a book box will do it all for you and send you an accurate selection from your favourites.
Finding the right book subscription can be tricky, though, which is why we’ve gathered some of the best book subscription boxes in Australia for you to enjoy.
Bionic Book Subscription, $75 per six months at Etsy
This personalized book subscription service will send you books via an algorithm (算法) that learns your taste preferences to select and send books you’ll love. You can enjoy a mix of new and recent releases across fiction and contemporary classics.
Mystery Book Subscription Box, $99.95 per quarter at Isubscribe
Enjoy a great selection of pre-loved books, coming straight to your door, with a range of extras to keep you reading comfortable. You can expect to receive three or six books sent to you month by month, according to your choice.
“Purchased as a gift subscription for Father’s Day and he absolutely loves it! Such a fantastic and unique option for a book lover yourself or a loved one,” a five-star reviewer said.
Australian Magazine Subscription, $36.99 per month at Magshop
Magshop features all of the top selling Australian magazine subscriptions in one place, making it easy for you to enjoy your favourites. You’ll find all kinds of books—from entertainment, lifestyle, fashion and beauty to games and puzzles, health and fitness, cooking, homes, and so much more.
Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box, $190 per year at Etsy
Sent to you month by month, each box contains three or six great books with one hand-drawn bookmark, a new handmade candle in a variety of colours, smells and containers, and a new pair of socks.
“Got 2/3 books so far and I’m loving the selection! Can’t believe I got a perfect-condition hardcover on my first go. It was an amazing surprise. The custom little bookmarks are cute too. I’d recommend this subscription in a heartbeat and can’t wait to purchase a second round,” a five-star reviewer said.
5．Which one is the least costly if you subscribe for a year
A．Bionic Book Subscription.
B．Mystery Book Subscription Box.
C．Australian Magazine Subscription.
D．Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box.
6．What do we know about Australian Magazine Subscription
A．It covers a wide range of interest.
B．It contains extra hand-made items.
C．It can be purchased as a gift subscription.
D．It learns readers’ taste preferences via an algorithm.
7．What do Mystery Book Subscription Box and Ultimate Mystery Book Subscription Box have in common
A．A supply of top-selling books. B．A service of monthly delivery.
C．A mix of new and recent releases. D．A selection of amazing hardcovers.
（三）
I used to be the most determined resolution-maker. Even as a child, I was always goal-centered and loved the feeling of accomplishing things, and every January 1st, I would sit down and write out my resolutions for the upcoming year. And what resolutions they were! I always picked big goals, like: In the New Year, I will lose 50 pounds! And run a marathon!
The problem I’d start out strong, but by February or March, I’d be out of willpower and I’d slide quietly back into my old habits. Every winter, I’d feel guilty and ashamed, looking back at all of the amazing things… I think one of my biggest problems with New Years resolutions was wanting to “dream big” but not having the skills and ability to do those things.
Now I take the opposite approach I’m all about the little goals. First, little goals are easy to set. Instead of saying I’m going to run a marathon, I’ve decided I’m going to run 20 minutes three days a week. Second, little goals are easier to accomplish. Every time I check one of my mini goals off my list, I feel a burst of pride and accomplishment. It’s a great feeling, and I don’t have to wait until the end of the year to enjoy it!
The other great thing about making small goals instead of resolutions is that you can build small goals on top of each other, adding the achievements together. For instance, recently I decided to make sure I ate five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. After a few months, this became a solid habit.
8．Why did the author feel guilty and ashamed
A．Because she picked big goals as her resolutions.
B．Because she failed to accomplish her resolutions.
C．Because she concentrated on the amazing things.
D．Because she loved the sense of accomplishment.
9．How did the author solve her problem
A．She began to make small goals. B．She returned to her old habits.
C．She changed her attitude to dreams. D．She gave up making any resolutions.
10．What did the author want to say in the last paragraph
A．Small goals are easy to achieve. B．Small goals lead to big achievements.
C．Persistence brings about good habits. D．Resolutions are worse than mini goals.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Make New Year’s Resolutions B．Combine Big and Small Goals
C．Set Small Goals not Big Ones D．Dream Big and Take Action
（四）
The 2023 China-Germany Automobile Conference was held in Jilin, Henan, and Zhejiang recently. At the conference, people discussed plans for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and collaboration (合作) between Germany and China.
China has established a competitive edge in NEVs. In 2022, China’s market share of NEVs accounted for more than 65 percent of the global total, maintaining its position as the world’s leading NEV market for eight years, China Daily reported.
Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs. Surprisingly, within a few years, China’s NEV exports increased greatly. In 2022, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported an impressive total export volume of 679,000 NEVs.
In the European market, Chinese brands, such as BYD and Hongqi, have entered the top 50 best-selling motor companies across Europe, The Times reported. Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London, and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.
NEVs made in China are also popular in Mexico. One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.
“Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.
The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation. One major example of this is China’s drive to become the global leader in making EV batteries, fueled by an advantage in the supply chain and raw materials such as lithium (锂) and cobalt (钴).
12．What can we learn about BYD
A．BYD always maintains the world’s leading position.
B．BYD lost hope due to doubts and mockery.
C．BYD suffered hardship in its development.
D．BYD exports 679,000 NEVs each year.
13．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph
A．Only BYD and Hongqi have entered the European market.
B．Chinese NEVs can help protect the environment.
C．Pure electric buses have caused many road accidents.
D．Importing Chinese NEVs is a main task for The Times.
14．What is Aguilar’s attitude to the technology from China
A．Dismissive. B．Satisfied. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
15．What is the key factor for the global expansion of Chinese NEVs
A．The ability of creation. B．Cooperation with partners.
C．The big overseas markets. D．Making EV batteries.

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