资源简介 秘籍02 最全语法词形转换必背目录【高考预测】名词变复数规则.................................................................................................................................01【高考预测】代词的变化.........................................................................................................................................03【高考预测】形容词、副词级别变化.....................................................................................................................03【高考预测】动词变第三人称单数规则.................................................................................................................04【高考预测】动词变过去式、过去分词规则.........................................................................................................05【高考预测】动词变现在分词变化规则.................................................................................................................05【高考预测】数词考点变化规则.............................................................................................................................06名词变复数一 规则变化1.一般情况在词尾加-s ,清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/。如:book----books /buks/ desk---desks /desks/ bag----bags /b gz/ game----games /geimz/ key----keys /ki:z/2. 以s, x, sh, ch,等结尾的词加-s,读/iz/. 如:bus----buses /b siz/ box----boxes /b ksiz/ fish----fishes /’fi iz/ watch----watches /’w t iz/class→classes, fox→foxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches。例:stomach的复数为stomachs。以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es。读/z/。如:family----familiesbaby----babies party----parties strawberry----strawberries以f或fe结尾的词①变f或fe为ves。读/vz/。该类词有:knife刀,life生命,wife妻子,self自己,leaf叶子,thief贼,half一半,wolf狼,shelf架子等。妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光②直接加-s的有:roof房顶,belief信念,chief首领,gulf海湾,proof证据, serf农仆③两种都可以的有:handkerchief手绢----handkerchiefs / handkerchieves以o结尾的词①以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,有生命的加-es,“两人两菜一火山”Negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山);无生命的加-s,如: photo----photos, kilo----kilos, piano----pianos②以“元音字母+o” 结尾的词,加-s,如:radio----radios, zoo----zoos二 不规则变化含man的名词,一般变man为men。例:woman→women, policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen。但German→Germans。将oo改为ee的有foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese等。复数以en结尾的有child→children, ox→oxen等。将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice, louse→lice(虱子)等。单复数同形的有sheep, deer, fish, means, works(工厂), Swiss, Japanese, Chinese等。某些外来词变复数:datum→data(资料), medium→media(媒体), bacterium→bacteria(细菌), curriculum→curricula(课程), criterion→criteria(标准), phenomenon→phenomena(现象). (?um/?on→a) analysis→analyses(分析), basis→bases(基础), crisis→crises(危机), diagnosis→diagnoses(诊断).(?is→es) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼11. 复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework, housework以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student →women students. 其它复合名词变复数:grown up→grown ups, brother in law→brothers in law, stand by→stands by. 代词的变化人称代词 单复数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourselves复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves形容词、副词级别的变化一 规则变化规则 示例一般在单音节词后直接加-er, -est small-smaller-smallest; tall-taller-tallest;以不发音的e结尾的词后加-r, -st late-later-latest; ; large-larger-largest;以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加-er,-est pretty-prettier-prettiest; heavy-heavier-heaviest;以一个元音加一个辅音结尾,且重读,双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er, -est fat-fatter-fattest; thin-thinner-thinnest; hot-hotter-hottest; slim-slimmer-slimmest;大部分双音节词和多音节词,及分词形容词变比较级和最高级,用more,most加原级 beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; serious-more serious-most serious; tired-more tired-most tired; excited-more tired-most tired二 不规则变化单词 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/badly/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/furthest farthest/furthest注意:表示完全意义的词没有比较级和最高级,如: empty, perfect, unique, extreme, favourite, excellent, true, correct, right, wrong等。动词变第三人称单数变化规则 构成方法 例词一般情况 直接加-s like-likes; look-looks; play-plays;以-ch,-sh,-s,-x结尾 加-es teach-teaches; guess-guesses; brush-brushes; mix-mixes;以-o结尾 加-es do-does; go-goes;以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i加-es study-studies; try—tries;动词变过去式、过去分词规则过去式 过去分词 一般情况 直接加-ed look-looked以不发音的e结尾 直接加-d decide-decided以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ed stop—stopped spot-spotted以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i加-ed study-studied; try-tried;动词变现在分词规则规则 例词一般情况在词尾直接加-ing go-going;read-reading;以不发音的e结尾,去掉e加-ing take-taking; write—writing以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加-ing cut-cutting; swim-swimming;数词考点变化规则一 基数词变序数词规律 例词1、2、3 first,second,third4-19基数词词尾加-th fourth,sixth,seventh,tenth,eleventh,thirteenth,nineteenth 易错提醒:fifth第五,eighth 第八,ninth第九,twelfth第十二20-90变y为ie 再加-th twentieth 第二十,eightieth第八十两位数或多位数只变个位数;hundred,thousand等只在词尾加-th twenty-fifth 第二十五; one hundredth 第一百二 分数构成 例词一般情况下,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子为1,分母用单数;分子大于1,分母用复数 one fourth/a quarter四分之一; three fifth 五分之三带分数:基数词+and+分数 three and two fifths三又五分之二; 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览