资源简介

秘籍01 阅读理解
目录
阅读理解
【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测........................................................................................01
【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图............................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略........................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点............................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）............................................................09
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题
考向预测 体裁：应用文1篇、 记叙文0-1篇、 说明文1-3篇、 议论文0-1篇 细节理解题7-8题、推理判断题7-9题、主旨大意题1-2题、词义猜测题1题 ☆☆☆☆☆
秘籍：高考意义阅读弄清文体类型，可以把握文体结构和写作特征，快速、准确地把握作者的写作思路、理解作者的写作意图。高考意义阅读有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。记叙文又可细分为小说、新闻报道、人物传记等。
具体体裁结构如下：
应用文：如书信、广告、日记等。文中具体细节题较多，阅读时应当采取先题后文法。以提高答题速度和精准度。
记叙文：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要体现记叙文六要素。其主题往往隐藏在字里行间或结尾点题。阅读记叙文应当采取略读和扫读的方法，从整体上快速抓住文章描写的主要内容，把握作者的写作意图和情感线索。
说明文：英语说明文通常介绍最新科技发明、重大成就、流行现象等。总体结构通常分为三部分，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。阅读时，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，即被说明对象的实质性特征。
议论文：英语议论文由“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。借助某一现象引出论点，通过论据从各个层面加以推理论证，最后得出结论。应当把握每一段的主题句。
易错点一：细节理解题
秘籍：细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。
具体步骤如下：
第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。
第二步：采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。
第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。
（2024年九省联考）
......
One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird’s-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
3. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world. B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is owned by a professor.
破解：第一步：审读题干，画出关键词the 1904 poster Henry Wellge。第二步：根据最后一段“This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.(这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有幸存下来)”可知，1904年亨利·韦尔奇设计的海报在世界上很罕见。第三步：核对选项，同义词替换unique对应rare。故选A。
变式：（2024年浙江1月真题）
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
......
5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
破解： 根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
易错点二：推理判断题
秘籍：推理判断题需要采用深度阅读法，采用文题结合的阅读方式，理解文章中隐含的意思和逻辑关系，从而得出正确的推断。
第一步：采用先文题结合法，阅读文章主旨段落，以便把握作者写作意图和方向。
第二步：审读题干，提取关键词，定位到原文相关句子，再精准翻译。注意长难句的结构划分，长难句中常会设置题目。
第三步：注意细节和逻辑关系，核对选项，得出正确答案。
（204高三·广东·阶段练习）
Photographer Xie Jianguo’s passion for photo graphing wild animals and polar eco logy is evident in his extensive travels. He has traveled to destinations such as Kenya, Botswana and Madagascar nine times. Furthermore, he has visited the Arctic and Antarctic continents more than 30 times. Xie also has explored diverse regions across Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Australia, catching the remarkable beauty of nature through his cameras on numerous occasions.
Since 2012, Xie has redirected his cameras towards his homeland, focusing on taking pictures of wildlife in China. Now his footprints have covered nearly all the provinces and regions throughout the country. He has explored nearly 100 wildlife protection areas, such as Source of the Three Rivers, Hoh Xil, Qilian Mountain and Xishuangbanna. From the adorable pandas in Sichuan to the playful Pallas’s cats in Inner Mongolia, Xie has devoted himself to documenting the country’s rare and endangered animals, which showcases unique natural and ecological wonders of China.
......
What can we learn about Xie from the first two paragraphs
A．He focused on taking pictures of Chinese wonders.
B．He was enthusiastic about photographing wild animals.
C．He went to many places to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D．He traveled abroad to know more about foreign culture.
破解：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Photographer Xie Jianguo’s passion for photo graphing wild animals(摄影师谢建国对拍摄野生动物的热情)”可知，谢热衷于拍摄野生动物，故选B。
变式1：（2024·河北保定·一模）
......
EHang has ambitions beyond China, too. The firm’s closest competitors are Volocopter, a German company, and a pair of Californian firms, Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation. All three are conducting test flights of piloted eVTOLs of various designs.
What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．EVTOLs will definitely bring in a huge profit.
B．EVTOLs are popular worldwide.
C．EHang may face challenges in expanding future market.
D．EHang will improve its design to defeat competitors.
破解：推理判断题。根据最后一段“EHang has ambitions beyond China, too. The firm’s closest competitors are Volocopter, a German company, and a pair of Californian firms, Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation. All three are conducting test flights of piloted eVTOLs of various designs.”（亿航在中国以外也有野心。该公司最接近的竞争对手是德国的Volocopter公司，以及加州的两家公司Joby Aviation和Archer Aviation。这三家公司都在进行各种设计的有人驾驶电动工具的试飞。）可知，从最后一段我们能推断出亿航未来拓展市场可能面临挑战。故选C项。
变式2：
......
In fact, many species grow out of their spots, and the reasons aren’t entirely understood. According to Gotanda, patterning is typically considered more energetically costly to produce than a single, solid color. But spots don’t take a lot of energy to grow and maintain at least in the case of white spots. There must be other reasons to explain their loss, he said.
......
Which statement might Gotanda agree with
A．Animals with spots on the body are more energetic.
B．Spotted animals often exist in uniform surroundings.
C．The growth of animal spots will consume lots of energy.
D．There are more to explore about the loss of animal spots.
破解：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There must be other reasons to explain their loss, he said.(他说，肯定有其他原因可以解释斑点的消失。)”可知，但是斑点的生长和维持（至少对于白斑点而言）不需要太多能量，应该有其他原因来解释它们消失的情况，故Gotanda认为关于动物斑点的消失，还有更多值得探索的地方。故选D。
易错点三： 主旨大意题
秘籍：主旨大意题中的标题归纳题属于文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题具有一定的特征，如以短语或祈使句形式出现，醒目鲜明。段落大意题解题时重点关注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有时会和段落结尾句首尾呼应。文章大意题解答时应当重点关注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往会点明文章的主要内容和线索，有时在各个段落的主旨句中也可以提炼文章的大意。
......
In lab studies, children tested at ages 4 and 6 showed more willingness to give up the tokens (代金券) they had earned to fictional children in need when two conditions were present—if they showed bodily changes when given the opportunity to share and had experienced positive parenting that modeled such kindness. The study initially included 74 preschool-age children and their mothers. They were invited back two years later, resulting in 54 mother-child pairs whose behaviors and reactions were analyzed when the children were 6.
......
What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The process of the research. B．The result of the experiment.
C．The reactions of the children. D．The importance of Mom’s love.
破解：主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段介绍了对74名学龄前儿童进行的试验。首先在实验室针对两种情况对他们进行模仿测试，两年后又对这些母子的行为和反应进行分析。说明本段介绍的是研究的过程。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
变式1：（2024·山东济南·一模）
A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed
B．Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C．“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D．AI models after pigeons’ learning approach
破解：根据第一段“A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，因此选项C““Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI(“不聪明”的鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
易错点四： 词义猜测题
秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。
（2024·河北保定·一模）
Anyone eager to view from high the cityscapes of Guangdong, a province in southern China, may soon be able to do so from the cabin of a flying taxi. On October 13th the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)awarded a “type certificate”, a crucial piece of aviation paperwork, to the world’s first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) taxi. And in case that does not sound futuristic enough, the small two-seater, called the EH216-s, was also cleared to fly without a pilot on board.
The EH216-S is made by EHang, a company based in Guangdong. It looks like a scaled-up consumer drone (无人机) with a passenger bubble mounted on top. Propulsion (动力) is provided by 16 small rotors (转子), mounted on the tips of eight arms that fold away when the vehicle is not in use, allowing it to park in small spaces.
......
What does the underlined word “cleared” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Produced. B．Approved. C．Removed. D．Tested.
破解：根据第一段中“And in case that does not sound futuristic enough, the small two-seater, called the EH216-s, was also cleared to fly without a pilot on board.”（如果这听起来不够未来，这款名为EH216-s的小型双座飞机也cleared在没有飞行员的情况下飞行）以及第三段中“The CAAC gave its approval after EHang had conducted more than 40,000 test flights, including with volunteer passengers in 18 cities across China.”（在亿航进行了4万多次试飞后，包括在中国18个城市进行的自愿乘客试飞，中国民航局批准了这一计划。）中的approval提示可知，此处为这款名为EH216-s的小型双座飞机也被允许在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。故可猜测划线单词cleared为“允许”的意思，结合选项B项Approved“批准，允许”意思一致。故选B项。
变式1：They found that farmers typically use hybrid (杂交) seeds, which must be repurchased each year, to grow a diverse range of vegetables in the floating gardens. The gardens are also sensitive to pests, so farmers end up spending some money on both pesticides and fertilizers. But even with those expenses, they found, benefits outweighed costs. One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.
破解：根据划线词下文“One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.”可知，一位农民告诉研究小组，他从菜园中赚到的钱是从传统稻田中赚到的钱的四倍，故此处想表达的是即使农民最终会在杀虫剂和肥料上花一些钱，但是收益也会大于成本。故outweighed意为“大于”。故选C项。
变式2：“It is not as overt a pattern as something like a stick insect that becomes something else entirely, which can be clearly identified. But spots do create these three-dimensional effects that help some species hide better,” said Gotanda.
What does the underlined word “overt” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
Obvious. B．Strange. C．Hidden. D．Complex.
破解：词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“like a stick insect that becomes something else entirely, which can be clearly identified.(它不像竹节虫那样明显地变成了完全不同的东西，这是可以清楚识别的。)”可知，斑点幼崽并不像竹节虫那样变成完全不同的东西，能被清晰地识别出来。由此猜测划线词与A选项“Obvious.(明显的)”为同义词。故选A。
（2024高三·广东东莞·模拟测试）
Hibernation (冬眠) is a classic topic of science fiction. In movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Alien, or Passengers, crew members are put into a state of sleep to take year-long journeys to space. Now a new study from Washington University has shown that human hibernation may soon become a reality.
The research team carried out tests on rats — animals that do not naturally hibernate. They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound (超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.
When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about3°C, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again. The result was “surprising and fascinating”, said Hong Chen, a professor who led the work.
Researchers are also trying to determine how to harness the power of hibernation to help humans. They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, hibernation’s ability to slow aging, which was observed in bats, could benefit space exploration, enabling longer missions with less food requirements. Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.
By unlocking the secrets of this remarkable process, researchers may uncover ways to improve human health, as well as gain new insights into the natural world. Therefore, the exploration of hibernation is an exciting area that is sure to yield numerous benefits in the years to come.
The scientists now plan to look at how lowered body temperature might affect the cognitive abilities of humans. “Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.
1．How did researchers put rats into hibernation
A．By lowering their body temperature.
B．By activating specific brain neurons.
C．By putting a regular helmet on them.
D．By using ultrasound through an operation.
2．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Employ. B．Challenge. C．Overlook. D．Discover.
3．What advantage might hibernation bring to humans
A．It improves people’s mental health.
B．It predicts a variety of heart diseases.
C．It helps astronauts keep physically fit.
D．It enables astronauts to build up muscle.
4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To point out the significance of the study.
B．To bring out the focus of follow-up studies.
C．To discuss other factors affecting hibernation.
D．To explain practical applications of the finding.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了一项来自华盛顿大学的研究，显示人类冬眠可能很快成为现实。研究人员认为，利用冬眠的力量可能有助于解决心脏病和阿尔茨海默病等健康问题，并在太空探索中带来好处，如减少食物需求和保护骨骼肌肉。他们计划进一步研究降低体温对人类认知能力的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound (超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.( 他们首先确定了大脑深部区域的一组神经元，这些神经元被发现与冬眠期间控制体温有关。他们证明，在老鼠身上，可以用超声波刺激这些神经元，超声波通过头盔传递而不会造成伤害。)”以及第三段中“When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about3°C, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again.(当接受超声波时，小鼠的体温下降了约3°C，心率下降了约47%。当超声波系统被关闭时，他们又醒了。)”可知，研究者首先确定老鼠大脑中控制体温相关的神经元，通过超声波刺激这些神经元，导致老鼠体温下降，由此进入冬眠。由此推断通过刺激老鼠大脑中的神经元可以让老鼠冬眠。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后的内容“the power of hibernation to help humans(冬眠帮助人类的力量)”以及后文“They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. (他们认为，这可能是解决心脏病和阿尔茨海默病等健康问题的关键。)”可知，研究者正在研究使用冬眠来帮助人类解决心脏病和阿尔茨海默病等健康问题，故人类正在努力尝试利用冬眠。故划线词与A选项“Employ.(利用)”为同义词。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“ Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up. (对动物的研究也表明，冬眠的宇航员的身体可能会失去更少的骨骼和肌肉，使他们在醒来后很快就能开始具有挑战性的探索。)”可知，冬眠的宇航员的身体可能会损失更少的骨骼肌肉，使他们在苏醒后能够保持健康，并且可以立即开始具有挑战性的探索任务即冬眠帮助宇航员保持身体健康。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.(“我们的下一个实验将测试猴子的工作记忆。这很重要，因为当宇航员在太空深处飞行时，他们的身体处于冬眠状态，他们的大脑仍然需要工作。”)”可知，最后一段强调的是下一阶段将在猴子身上展开研究，由此最后一段的目的是引出后续研究的重点。故选B。
（2024·山东济南·一模）
Making tiny furniture is no piece of cake. In this course, join Amanda Kelly, who is now pursuing her Master’s degree of Fine Arts in Sculpture at Radford University, to learn how to create realistic furniture from the beginning. While students who have taken this course are highly encouraged to sign up, students of all levels are welcome!
Course Overview
This course includes five sessions, each lasting for 2 hours on five Tuesdays beginning on November 7.
Session 1 (Tuesday, 11/7, 7—9:00 PM) Foundations and Scale
Session 2 (Tuesday, 11/14, 7—9: 00 PM) Making the Side Table
Session 3 (Tuesday, 11/21, 7—9:00 PM) Making the Bed
Session 4 (Tuesday, 11/28, 7—9: 00 PM) One Person’s Waste Is Another’s Tiny Treasure
Session 5 (Tuesday, 12/5, 7—9:00 PM) Sharing Your Creations
Pricing Options
In addition to full-price tickets of $225, a limited number of no-pay tickets are available for this course. Please note that these tickets are reserved for those who would not otherwise be able to take this course and who expect to attend all sessions. No-pay tickets are distributed via a random drawing two weeks before each course begins. For more information and to apply for a no-pay spot, please click here.
What Else to Know
This is an interactive, small-group workshop. Students are encouraged to participate in discussions and work on assignments outside of class. Due to the interactive nature of this course, we strongly recommend students attend as many live sessions as possible. If students are unable to attend the live sessions, after each session they will receive access to a recording of the live session, which they can watch for up to two weeks after the course concludes.
5．In which session may students display their works
A．Session 2. B．Session 3. C．Session 4. D．Session 5.
6．What can students do if they miss a live session
A．Reach out to other students.
B．Email the instructor immediately.
C．Make up for the class within 72 hours.
D．Watch the recorded class within 14 days.
7．What is the text
A．A research paper. B．A submission guide.
C．A course introduction. D．A furniture brochure.
【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个制作家具的课程，主要涵盖课程概述、价格、其他须知事项等信息。
5．细节理解题。根据Course Overview中“Session 5 (Tuesday, 12/5, 7—9:00 PM) Sharing Your Creations (第五节（星期二，12月5日，晚上7至9点）分享你的创作)”可知，学生将在第五节课中展示自己的作品。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据What Else to Know中“If students are unable to attend the live sessions, after each session they will receive access to a recording of the live session, which they can watch for up to two weeks after the course concludes. (如果学生不能参加现场课程，在每次课程结束后，他们将获得现场课程的录像，在课程结束后，他们可以观看长达两周的时间)”可知，如果学生错过了现场课程，他可以在14天内观看录制的课程。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“In this course, join Amanda Kelly, who is now pursuing her Master’s degree of Fine Arts in Sculpture at Radford University, to learn how to create realistic furniture from the beginning. (在本课程中，加入现在正在莱德福德大学攻读雕塑艺术硕士学位的Amanda Kelly，学习如何从头开始创造现实的家具)”可推知，文章应该是一篇制作家具的课程的介绍，旨在与读者分享该课程的相关信息：课程概述、价格、其他须知事项。故选C项。
（2024高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习）
“Thank you for applying for the position,” the email read. “Your application has not been successful. We wish you every success in securing a suitable position in the future.” I received the email 2 weeks after an interview.
When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry. I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong ”
The value of that kind of feedback (反馈) became obvious to me a few months later. After applying for a job at a consulting company, I spent months working my way through the interview process before getting a phone call. “Unfortunately, we decided to offer the job to someone else,” the voice said. Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared. But the conversation wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback from us ” the company representative asked.
The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D．in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it—and that was clearly shown in the interview process.
From then on, I only pursued the jobs that I was passionate about. In my applications, I also began stating more clearly why I wanted that job. Soon the approach paid off. I got an offer for a postdoc position in Poland that I was truly excited about.
Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward.
8．What did the author expect to read in the rejection email
A．Reasons for failure. B．Useful guidelines.
C．Encouraging words. D．Sincere apologies.
9．How did the author feel when receiving the call at first
A．Embarrassed. B．Discouraged. C．Nervous. D．Guilty.
10．What made the author lose a second chance to land a job
A．His inexperience in consulting. B．An overstatement of his capability.
C．His lack of passion for the position. D．His bad performance in the interview.
11．Which words can best describe the author as a postdoc
A．Devoted and ambitious. B．Knowledgeable and modest.
C．Courageous and warm-hearted. D．Responsible and thoughtful.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在求职过程中的一些经历和感悟。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong ” (我花了几个小时准备面试，但最后我甚至都不知道为什么没有成功！如果我不知道哪里出了问题，我该如何调整我的求职策略呢？)”可知，作者希望在被拒绝的求职信中得到失败的原因，故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared (又一次，那封拒绝邮件给我的感觉又出现了)”以及第二段“When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry (当我读它的时候，我感到失望和愤怒)”可知，作者在接到电话的时候，首先感到失望，故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D. in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it—and that was clearly shown in the interview process. (该代表接着告诉我，我没有清楚地表明我申请该职位的动机，以及我为什么想为该公司工作。这些反馈让人难以接受。但我很快意识到他们是对的。在德国完成博士学位后，我的首要任务是在波兰找到一份工作。所以我对我申请的东西并不是很挑剔。咨询公司的工作是我可以做的，但我对它没有热情——这在面试过程中表现得很明显。)”可推理出，作者丢掉第二个工作机会的原因是缺乏对所申请职位的热情，故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward. (现在，当职业早期的科学家面试申请我的实验室的职位时，我会记住那次经历。如果他们没有得到这个职位，我会告诉他们原因以及他们可以做些什么来改进今后的工作申请。)”可推理出作者有责任心且虑事周到，故选D项。
4.（2024高三·广东·阶段练习）
China launched a Long March 2F carrier rocket on December 14,2023 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China’s Gobi Desert, sending a reusable experimental spacecraft into orbit. The test vehicle is scheduled to stay in orbit for a certain period of time and then return to its preset landing site in China. During the orbital flight, it has been tasked with verifying (核实) reusable technologies and space science experiments, which will both be used as technical support for the peaceful use of space.
It did not reveal the details of the mission and the spacecraft, such as launch time and specific plans, or publish pictures of the rocket’s liftoff or scenes inside the ground control hall. The mission is the third that China has made public related to reusable experimental spacecraft.
The country’s first orbital test of a trial vehicle took place in September 2020, and the craft was in orbit for just under two days. The second test started in August 2022 and the spaceplane stayed in the Earth’s orbit for 276 days before landing in May 2023．The second test’s success marked a major breakthrough in China’s reusable spacecraft technology, which is aimed at providing a convenient and affordable way to travel between Earth and outer space, the Jiuquan center said after the experimental spaceplane’s landing.
In recent years, advances in science and technology have reignited (重新激起) the space industry’s enthusiasm for reusable spaceships, especially robotic spaceplanes such as the Boeing X-37B that are smaller, cheaper, and less complex in their design, production and operation.
According to experts, reusable spacecraft will have a wide range of applications, including space tours for civilians, transporting astronauts, resupplying space stations, and placing satellites into orbit at a lower cost than through traditional methods.
12．What is revealed about the third test spacecraft
A．The tasks it performed. B．The details of its mission.
C．The pictures taken of its launch. D．The scenes in the ground control hall.
13．What is the target of China’s reusable spacecraft technology
A．To make outer space travel more available.
B．To mark a major breakthrough in flight speed.
C．To have the spaceplane stay in the orbit for 276 days.
D．To get the spacecraft to return to its preset landing site.
14．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph
A．The reusable products. B．The potential applications.
C．The experimental spacecraft cost. D．The individual estimate.
15．Which may be a suitable title for the text
A．Great Progress in Space Exploration
B．Details of the Third Spaceplane Mission
C．A Wide Range of Applications of Reusable Spacecraft
D．Reusable Spacecraft Launched to Orbit on Experimental Mission
【答案】12．A 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了可重复使用的宇宙飞船被发射到轨道上执行实验任务。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“During the orbital flight, it has been tasked with verifying (核实) reusable technologies and space science experiments(在轨道飞行期间，它的任务是验证可重复使用的技术和太空科学实验)”可知，第三次测试的航天器承担验证可重复使用的技术和太空科学实验的任务，官方未透露其他相关信息。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The second test’s success marked a major breakthrough in China’s reusable spacecraft technology, which is aimed at providing a convenient and affordable way to travel between Earth and outer space(第二次测试的成功标志着中国可重复使用航天器技术的重大突破，该技术旨在为地球和外太空之间的旅行提供一种方便和负担得起的方式)”可知，该技术旨在为地球和外太空之间的旅行提供一种便捷和负担得起的方式，即使外太空旅行变得更容易实现。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to experts, reusable spacecraft will have a wide range of applications, including space tours for civilians, transporting astronauts, resupplying space stations, and placing satellites into orbit at a lower cost than through traditional methods.(据专家介绍，可重复使用的航天器将有广泛的应用，包括为平民进行太空旅行，运送宇航员，为空间站提供补给，以及以比传统方法更低的成本将卫星送入轨道)”可推知，本段主要介绍了可重复使用的航天器的一些潜在应用。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“China launched a Long March 2F carrier rocket on December 14,2023 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China’s Gobi Desert, sending a reusable experimental spacecraft into orbit.(2023年12月14日，中国在西北部戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射了长征2号F运载火箭，将一个可重复使用的航天器飞船送入轨道)”可知，本文主要介绍了可重复使用的航天器被发射到轨道上执行实验任务。由此可推知，D项“可重复使用的航天器发射到轨道上执行实验任务”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
5.（2024高三·山东济南·考试）
Tropical (热带的) forests could become so hot that some kinds of leaves will no longer be able to conduct photosynthesis (光 合 作用), according to a study. The photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail at about 46.7℃ on average. The research suggests that forests may be nearing dangerous temperature sooner than expected. Models predict that once we hit a global temperature increase of 3.9℃, these forests might experience mass leaf damage.
Chris Doughty, an associate professor at Northern Arizona University and the lead researcher of the study, said the leaf-warming experiments had revealed a nonlinear rise in temperatures. “We were really surprised that when we warmed leaves by 2, 3 or 4℃, the highest leaf temperatures actually increased by 8℃. This shows a concerning nonlinear feedback that we were not expecting.” said Doughty. “If we adopt a do-nothing response to climate change and tropical forest air temperatures increase by greater than 4℃, there could be massive leaf death.” he added.
Avoiding high emissions (排放) in the first place is key to stabilizing temperatures. “We should do all we can to avoid high-emissions. Under low-emissions, almost all tropical forest tree leaves can avoid death from overheating and the trees will survive,” said Simon Lewis, a professor of global change science at University College London. “Yet what the study doesn’t look at is heatwaves. We still might see tree deaths from overheating for limited periods during heatwaves under lower emissions.”
Researchers suggest that the damage is not yet unchanged. “Vote for people who are serious about addressing climate change and transferring to low-carbon economies, ”Disney, one researcher, advocated. More generally, we can all recognize the importance of supporting those countries and people who live in and rely on tropical forests economically, But the serious changes to tropical forests don’t just affect the local people it’s a global issue.
16．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “nonlinear” in Paragraph 2
A．Global. B．Dramatic. C．Steady. D．Minor.
17．What is most crucial in keeping temperatures stable
A．Planting more trees. B．Exploring heatwaves.
C．Conducting researches. D．Pursuing low emissions.
18．What was Disney’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A．Promoting global efforts.
B．Seeking economic support.
C．Helping tropical countries.
D．Boosting low-carbon education.
19．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Global warming harms trees.
B．Tropical forests lose functions.
C．Tropical leaves struggle in heat.
D．Forests near dangerous temperature.
【答案】16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，热带森林可能会变得非常热，以至于某些种类的叶子将不再能够进行光合作用，森林可能比预期更早接近危险温度。
16．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“We were really surprised that when we warmed leaves by 2, 3 or 4℃, the highest leaf temperatures actually increased by 8℃. This shows a concerning nonlinear feedback that we were not expecting. (我们真的很惊讶，当我们把叶子加热2、3或4℃时，叶子的最高温度实际上增加了8℃。这显示了我们没有预料到的非线性反馈。)”可知，叶子的温度增涨不按逻辑规律增加的过多，是令人吃惊的。划线词的含义为“不按逻辑规律的，令人吃惊的”。A. Global全球的；B. Dramatic突然的，令人吃惊的；C. Steady.稳定的；D. Minor次要的。故选B。
17．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Avoiding high emissions in the first place is key to stabilizing temperatures. (首先避免高排放是稳定气温的关键。)”可知，保持温度稳定最关键的是追求低排放。故选D。
18．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Vote for people who are serious about addressing climate change and transferring to low-carbon economies, ”Disney, one researcher, advocated. More generally, we can all recognize the importance of supporting those countries and people who live in and rely on tropical forests economically, But the serious changes to tropical forests don’t just affect the local people it’s a global issue. (“把票投给那些认真对待气候变化和向低碳经济转型的人，”研究人员Disney主张。更广泛地说，我们都认识到支持那些生活在热带森林并在经济上依赖热带森林的国家和人民的重要性，但热带森林的严重变化不仅影响到当地人，这是一个全球性问题。)”可知，他的建议是要促进全球努力，这是一个全球性问题。故选A。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Tropical (热带的) forests could become so hot that some kinds of leaves will no longer be able to conduct photosynthesis (光 合 作用), according to a study. The photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail at about 46.7℃ on average. The research suggests that forests may be nearing dangerous temperature sooner than expected. Models predict that once we hit a global temperature increase of 3.9℃, these forests might experience mass leaf damage. (一项研究表明，热带森林可能会变得非常热，以至于某些种类的叶子将不再能够进行光合作用。热带树木的光合作用机制在平均46.7℃左右开始失效。研究表明，森林可能比预期更早接近危险温度。模型预测，一旦全球气温上升3.9℃，这些森林可能会遭受大规模的树叶破坏。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，热带森林可能会变得非常热，以至于某些种类的叶子将不再能够进行光合作用，森林可能比预期更早接近危险温度。选项C“Tropical leaves struggle in heat. (热带树叶在高温下挣扎。)”符合题意。故选C。
（2023-2024学年·河南南阳·一模）
Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees, parks and community gardens. “Most of the children were doing well in their development, in terms of language skills, cognitive (认知的) capacity, socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis, a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC． “But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. “Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child. The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed, but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development, with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch. “Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
20．Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A．The kids’ scores from school exams.
B．The average IQ score of the subjects.
C．The green space where the kids lived.
D．The air pollution level of the whole city.
21．What’s the message implied in Paragraph 4
A．Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B．Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C．Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D．Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
22．What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A．The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B．The role of research in scientific work.
C．The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D．The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
23．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B．Green Spaces: A guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C．Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D．Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
【答案】20．C 21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用，并且会影响他们的一生。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise. (在这项研究中，UBC的研究人员分析了2005年至2011年间在大温哥华地区上幼儿园的27,372名儿童的发展分数。他们估计了每个孩子从出生到五岁的住所周围的绿地面积。他们还评估了与交通有关的空气污染水平和社区噪音。)”可知，研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C
21．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. (据研究人员称，造成这种情况的部分原因是绿地能够减少空气污染和噪音的有害影响——环境挑战已经被证明会通过增加压力、睡眠障碍和中枢神经系统损伤对儿童的健康和发展产生不利影响。)”可知，居住地的噪音会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.” (“在大自然中度过的时光对每个人都有好处，但如果我们希望我们的孩子有一个良好的开端，重要的是通过与大自然接触来提供一个丰富的环境。”)”可知，Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。故选A。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用，并且会影响他们的一生。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”符合题意。故选D
（2023-2024学年吉林长春实验中学试题）
When I was seven, my family and I were coming back from a T-ball game. In our driveway, we spotted two adult geese and a small gosling. The adults were frightened by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn’t follow.
Hours passed and night fell. The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring him into our backyard.
We all pretty much slept with one eye open for several days. Each morning, we would try to rush the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn’t go to them, though, and they wouldn’t come close enough to claim him. The young goose had clearly decided we were his new family, and my twin sister Joanna called the little guy Peeper.
Almost a year passed and we settled into a routine filled with feathery hugs and company. One evening my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.
In 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my home. At first, I assumed it was just another Canada goose. After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly, it became clear to me that this wasn’t a random goose. He did all of the same things Peeper used to, like trying to come in through the front door and sleeping in our enclosed pool area. Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.
24．Why did the author bring the little goose home that night
A．It couldn’t find its parents.
B．It was too fragile to survive.
C．It wanted to stay in the yard.
D．It enjoyed the author’s company.
25．What does the underlined word “claim” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Get.
B．Forgive.
C．Challenge.
D．Annoy.
26．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．She named the goose Peeper.
B．She set Peeper free on purpose.
C．She had a deep feeling to Peeper.
D．She trained the goose to fly daily.
27．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．A Feathered Family Member
B．The Return of a Long Lost Friend
C．The Reunion of a Goose Family
D．An Adventurous Journey Home
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者小时候和父母捡到了一只鹅，把它带回家养大，有一天飞走了，但是20年后这只鹅又回到了作者家里的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring him into our backyard.(这只小东西在我们的院子里转悠，不知道会发生什么，很明显，这只小鹅需要保护、温暖和食物才能活到早晨。那时，我们不得不把它带到我们的后院)”可知，这只小鹅太脆弱了，无法生存，所以作者和家人把它带回家养。故选B项。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“He wouldn’t go to them, though, and they wouldn’t come close enough(不过，他不会去找它们，它们也不会走得太近)”可知，它们离得不够近，应该是无法“接近”它。由此推知，划线词claim此处表示“接近”，结合选项可知， get与claim意思相近。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One evening my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.(一天晚上，我的叔叔过来了，我的爸爸把Peeper扔到空中，想让他在家里飞一圈，但这次，Peeper却飞走了。大家都很难过。二十年过去了，Peeper成了我家人的美好回忆)”可推知，作者对Peeper有很深的感情。故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者小时候养了一只大鹅，之后飞走了，结合最后一段“Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.(此外，这只鹅回应了Peeper这个名字。令我惊讶的是，20年后，我最好的老朋友回来了)”可知，这只大鹅在二十年后回到了作者的家里。由此可知，选项B“失散已久的朋友归来。”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
8.（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.
The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒).
In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself.
This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.
28．What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.
D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
29．Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．Its history. B．Its procedure. C．Its consequence. D．Its significance.
30．What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation
A．Their growth rate and health condition.
B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses.
C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth.
D．Their investment value and natural qualities.
31．Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough
A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection.
B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals.
C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants.
D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing.
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一个成功移植猪心脏的人，他坚持了60天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即，这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命。这一医学突破为心脏移植等待名单上20%的患者提供了另一种选择。
28．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation, could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.(57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon.( 最早的异种器官移植尝试发生在20世纪初，涉及兔子、山羊和其他动物的肾脏，比第一次成功的人对人移植早了几十年。当受者的身体系统将供体器官识别为异物并对其进行攻击时，就会发生排异反应，排异反应会在数小时或数天内发生。20世纪60年代，一些特殊药物问世后，效果有所改善，但大多数接受者仍在几周后死亡。异种心脏移植的记录是在1983年创造的，当时一个名叫“费伊宝宝”(Baby Fae)的婴儿用狒狒的器官存活了20天)”可知，第三段主要介绍了异种移植的历史。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months.(猪可能是这个目的的理想选择，因为它们很容易饲养，几个月内就能达到成年人的体型)”可知，猪易养且生长速度快，是异种移植的理想供给品。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts.(然而，近年来，基因编辑的进步开辟了一种新的可能性：重新编辑动物的一些基因，以提供用户友好的备件)”及最后一段“This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.(这一医学突破为20%在心脏移植等待名单上的患者提供了另一种选择，这些患者在等待期间死亡或因病情严重而无法成为良好的候选者)”可推知，贝内特的手术被认为是一个突破，因为它提供了通过基因编辑替代器官的前景。故选D。
9.（江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测）
The invasive (入侵的) species, also called introduced species or foreign species, is any nonnative species that significantly changes or damages the ecosystem it invades. Such species may arrive in new areas through natural migration, but they are often introduced by the activities of other species. Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways in which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.
Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the necessary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings. Some introduced species may become invasive when they possess a built-in competitive advantage over native species in invaded areas. They change native food chains and in some cases even get to the top of the food chains, which means the ecosystem lacks natural enemy capable of keeping them in check. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can get the chance to reproduce in large numbers.
The ecological damage that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem’s biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem’s biological resources. Invasive species may be so good at catching preys that victim populations decline over time, and many victim species die out in the affected ecosystem. Other invasive species, in contrast, may prevent native species from obtaining food, living space, or other resources. Over time, invasive species can effectively replace native ones, often forcing the localized extinction of many native species. Invasive plants and animals may also serve as disease carriers that spread parasites (寄生虫) and viruses that may further do harm to the invaded area.
32．How do introduced species mainly travel to a new place
A．Through natural reproduction. B．Through natural migration.
C．Through human activities. D．Though social interactions.
33．What happens to most introduced species in new habitats
A．They become extinct worldwide. B．They survive from any challenges.
C．They dominate the new world. D．They die off in a short period.
34．What does the underlined word “preys” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Creatures that are hunted and eaten.
B．Species that die out in a new place.
C．Species at the top of food chains.
D．Creatures at the bottom of food chains.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Invasive Species Around the World
B．Invasive Species and Their Impact
C．The Ways Invasive Species Spread
D．The Classification of Introduced Species
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是外来物种的定义及其对新环境的影响。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways in which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.(人类活动，例如涉及全球商业和宠物贸易的活动，被认为是入侵植物、动物、微生物和其他生物被转移到新栖息地的最常见方式)”可知，引进的物种主要是通过人类活动传播到一个新的地方，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the necessary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings.(大多数引进的物种不能在新的栖息地长时间生存，因为它们没有必要的适应能力来适应新环境带来的挑战)”可知，进入新栖息地的大多数引进物种会在短时间内死亡。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Invasive species may be so good at catching(入侵物种可能非常善于捕捉)”和下文定语从句“that victim populations decline over time, and many victim species die out in the affected ecosystem.(随着时间的推移，受害物种数量减少，许多受害物种在受影响的生态系统中灭绝)”可知，preys指的是被猎杀和吃掉的生物。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The invasive (入侵的) species, also called introduced species or foreign species, is any nonnative species that significantly changes or damages the ecosystem it invades.(入侵物种，也被称为引进物种或外来物种，是任何非本地物种显著改变或破坏其入侵的生态系统)”和第二段的“They change native food chains and in some cases even get to the top of the food chains, which means the ecosystem lacks natural enemy capable of keeping them in check.(它们改变了当地的食物链，在某些情况下甚至到达了食物链的顶端，这意味着生态系统缺乏能够控制它们的天敌)”及第三段的“The ecological damage that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem’s biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem’s biological resources.(这种入侵往往会造成生态破坏，往往会减少生态系统的生物多样性，并对依赖生态系统生物资源的人们造成经济损害)”可知，本文主要讲的是外来物种的定义及其对新环境的影响。由此可知，B选项“Invasive Species and Their Impact(入侵物种及其影响)”适合作本文标题。故选B。
（江苏省常州市十校2023年高三联合调研）
Road trips can seem extra-long when someone else’ s unpleasant music fills the car. What if you could listen to only your music without headphones and no one else would hear it Now researchers in France are working lo deliver such personal sound zones that adapt as conditions in your car change.
Why bother Headphones are good at controlling what you hear, but they can be uncomfortable and even damage your hearing.
Personal listening zones inside a car could let you hear well without having to drown out other sounds with high volume. They also would bring many new possibilities. Everyone in a car could listen to their own audio privately. GPS alerts (警报) could go only to the driver. Passengers could make phone calls without being overheard.
Engineers are working to create these personal sound zones using multiple loudspeakers. They don’t tall broadcast the same signal, but the signals are coordinated (协调的). A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
According to Patricia Davies, an engineer studying sound, creating quiet zones anywhere in a three-dimensional space, like the inside of a vehicle, is challenging. One reason is that sound waves are sensitive. Changes in temperature can change how fast the waves travel. So can the number of people in the car and other factors. A small change in even one of these can have a big impact.
Still, it’s easier to create personal sound zones in cars than in other spaces. In a car, what’s interesting is that we know where the people are. The loudspeakers can be built right into the headrests.
Personal sound zones will only catch on if they work as well as headphones. If you turn on the air conditioner or pick up a passenger, the sound quality can’t go downhill. With this in mind, Melon and his team recently modified an existing system.
36．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A．The popularity of personal listening zones.
B．The advantages of personal listening zones.
C．The safety offered by personal listening zones.
D．The differenccs among 8ounds with high volume.
37．What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
38．Why is creating quiet zones in a car difficult
A．The speed of a car is uncontrollable.
B．Sound waves are easy to be affected.
C．The places of loudspeakers are fixed.
D．The temperatures of passengers are changeable.
39．What might be talked about next
A．What the team did.
B．Who made up the team.
C．Which system worked best.
D．How popular the system was.
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．B 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“车内个人听力区”这种新技术，这种目前正在研究的技术可以让人们摘掉耳机但同时也能避免其他声音的干扰。
36．主旨大意题。根据本段“Personal listening zones inside a car could let you hear well without having to drown out other sounds with high volume. They also would bring many new possibilities. Everyone in a car could listen to their own audio privately. GPS alerts (警报) could go only to the driver. Passengers could make phone calls without being overheard.（汽车内的个人听力区可以让你听得很好，而不必盖过其他高音量。它们还将带来许多新的可能性。车里的每个人都可以私下听自己的音频。GPS警报只能司机听到。乘客可以打电话而不会被人听到。）” 可知，本段主要介绍了车内的个人听力区的好处，比如不必用大音量掩盖其他声音，GPS警报只发送给司机，乘客可以在不被听到的情况下打电话等。故选B。
37．词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One reason is that sound waves are sensitive.（一个原因是声波很敏感。）”可知，在汽车内部创建安静区域是一项挑战，因为声波是敏感的。B选项“Sound waves are easy to be affected.”（声波容易受影响）符合题意。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Wi秘籍01 阅读理解
目录
阅读理解
【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测........................................................................................01
【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图............................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略........................................................................................................02
【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点............................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）............................................................07
概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题
考向预测 体裁：应用文1篇、 记叙文0-1篇、 说明文1-3篇、 议论文0-1篇 细节理解题7-8题、推理判断题7-9题、主旨大意题1-2题、词义猜测题1题 ☆☆☆☆☆
秘籍：高考意义阅读弄清文体类型，可以把握文体结构和写作特征，快速、准确地把握作者的写作思路、理解作者的写作意图。高考意义阅读有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。记叙文又可细分为小说、新闻报道、人物传记等。
具体体裁结构如下：
应用文：如书信、广告、日记等。文中具体细节题较多，阅读时应当采取先题后文法。以提高答题速度和精准度。
记叙文：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要体现记叙文六要素。其主题往往隐藏在字里行间或结尾点题。阅读记叙文应当采取略读和扫读的方法，从整体上快速抓住文章描写的主要内容，把握作者的写作意图和情感线索。
说明文：英语说明文通常介绍最新科技发明、重大成就、流行现象等。总体结构通常分为三部分，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。阅读时，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，即被说明对象的实质性特征。
议论文：英语议论文由“论点、论据、结论”三部分组成。借助某一现象引出论点，通过论据从各个层面加以推理论证，最后得出结论。应当把握每一段的主题句。
易错点一：细节理解题
秘籍：细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。
具体步骤如下：
第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。
第二步：采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。
第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。
（2024年九省联考）
......
One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird’s-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
3. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world. B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is owned by a professor.
变式：（2024年浙江1月真题）
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
......
5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
易错点二：推理判断题
秘籍：推理判断题需要采用深度阅读法，采用文题结合的阅读方式，理解文章中隐含的意思和逻辑关系，从而得出正确的推断。
第一步：采用先文题结合法，阅读文章主旨段落，以便把握作者写作意图和方向。
第二步：审读题干，提取关键词，定位到原文相关句子，再精准翻译。注意长难句的结构划分，长难句中常会设置题目。
第三步：注意细节和逻辑关系，核对选项，得出正确答案。
（204高三·广东·阶段练习）
Photographer Xie Jianguo’s passion for photo graphing wild animals and polar eco logy is evident in his extensive travels. He has traveled to destinations such as Kenya, Botswana and Madagascar nine times. Furthermore, he has visited the Arctic and Antarctic continents more than 30 times. Xie also has explored diverse regions across Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Australia, catching the remarkable beauty of nature through his cameras on numerous occasions.
Since 2012, Xie has redirected his cameras towards his homeland, focusing on taking pictures of wildlife in China. Now his footprints have covered nearly all the provinces and regions throughout the country. He has explored nearly 100 wildlife protection areas, such as Source of the Three Rivers, Hoh Xil, Qilian Mountain and Xishuangbanna. From the adorable pandas in Sichuan to the playful Pallas’s cats in Inner Mongolia, Xie has devoted himself to documenting the country’s rare and endangered animals, which showcases unique natural and ecological wonders of China.
......
What can we learn about Xie from the first two paragraphs
A．He focused on taking pictures of Chinese wonders.
B．He was enthusiastic about photographing wild animals.
C．He went to many places to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D．He traveled abroad to know more about foreign culture.
变式1：（2024·河北保定·一模）
......
EHang has ambitions beyond China, too. The firm’s closest competitors are Volocopter, a German company, and a pair of Californian firms, Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation. All three are conducting test flights of piloted eVTOLs of various designs.
What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．EVTOLs will definitely bring in a huge profit.
B．EVTOLs are popular worldwide.
C．EHang may face challenges in expanding future market.
D．EHang will improve its design to defeat competitors.
变式2：
......
In fact, many species grow out of their spots, and the reasons aren’t entirely understood. According to Gotanda, patterning is typically considered more energetically costly to produce than a single, solid color. But spots don’t take a lot of energy to grow and maintain at least in the case of white spots. There must be other reasons to explain their loss, he said.
......
Which statement might Gotanda agree with
A．Animals with spots on the body are more energetic.
B．Spotted animals often exist in uniform surroundings.
C．The growth of animal spots will consume lots of energy.
D．There are more to explore about the loss of animal spots.
易错点三： 主旨大意题
秘籍：主旨大意题中的标题归纳题属于文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题具有一定的特征，如以短语或祈使句形式出现，醒目鲜明。段落大意题解题时重点关注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有时会和段落结尾句首尾呼应。文章大意题解答时应当重点关注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往会点明文章的主要内容和线索，有时在各个段落的主旨句中也可以提炼文章的大意。
......
In lab studies, children tested at ages 4 and 6 showed more willingness to give up the tokens (代金券) they had earned to fictional children in need when two conditions were present—if they showed bodily changes when given the opportunity to share and had experienced positive parenting that modeled such kindness. The study initially included 74 preschool-age children and their mothers. They were invited back two years later, resulting in 54 mother-child pairs whose behaviors and reactions were analyzed when the children were 6.
......
What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The process of the research. B．The result of the experiment.
C．The reactions of the children. D．The importance of Mom’s love.
变式1：（2024·山东济南·一模）
A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed
B．Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C．“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D．AI models after pigeons’ learning approach
易错点四： 词义猜测题
秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。
（2024·河北保定·一模）
Anyone eager to view from high the cityscapes of Guangdong, a province in southern China, may soon be able to do so from the cabin of a flying taxi. On October 13th the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)awarded a “type certificate”, a crucial piece of aviation paperwork, to the world’s first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) taxi. And in case that does not sound futuristic enough, the small two-seater, called the EH216-s, was also cleared to fly without a pilot on board.
The EH216-S is made by EHang, a company based in Guangdong. It looks like a scaled-up consumer drone (无人机) with a passenger bubble mounted on top. Propulsion (动力) is provided by 16 small rotors (转子), mounted on the tips of eight arms that fold away when the vehicle is not in use, allowing it to park in small spaces.
......
What does the underlined word “cleared” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Produced. B．Approved. C．Removed. D．Tested.
变式1：They found that farmers typically use hybrid (杂交) seeds, which must be repurchased each year, to grow a diverse range of vegetables in the floating gardens. The gardens are also sensitive to pests, so farmers end up spending some money on both pesticides and fertilizers. But even with those expenses, they found, benefits outweighed costs. One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.
变式2：“It is not as overt a pattern as something like a stick insect that becomes something else entirely, which can be clearly identified. But spots do create these three-dimensional effects that help some species hide better,” said Gotanda.
What does the underlined word “overt” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
Obvious. B．Strange. C．Hidden. D．Complex.
（2024高三·广东东莞·模拟测试）
Hibernation (冬眠) is a classic topic of science fiction. In movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Alien, or Passengers, crew members are put into a state of sleep to take year-long journeys to space. Now a new study from Washington University has shown that human hibernation may soon become a reality.
The research team carried out tests on rats — animals that do not naturally hibernate. They first identified a group of neurons (神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound (超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.
When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about3°C, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again. The result was “surprising and fascinating”, said Hong Chen, a professor who led the work.
Researchers are also trying to determine how to harness the power of hibernation to help humans. They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, hibernation’s ability to slow aging, which was observed in bats, could benefit space exploration, enabling longer missions with less food requirements. Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.
By unlocking the secrets of this remarkable process, researchers may uncover ways to improve human health, as well as gain new insights into the natural world. Therefore, the exploration of hibernation is an exciting area that is sure to yield numerous benefits in the years to come.
The scientists now plan to look at how lowered body temperature might affect the cognitive abilities of humans. “Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.
1．How did researchers put rats into hibernation
A．By lowering their body temperature.
B．By activating specific brain neurons.
C．By putting a regular helmet on them.
D．By using ultrasound through an operation.
2．What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Employ. B．Challenge. C．Overlook. D．Discover.
3．What advantage might hibernation bring to humans
A．It improves people’s mental health.
B．It predicts a variety of heart diseases.
C．It helps astronauts keep physically fit.
D．It enables astronauts to build up muscle.
4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To point out the significance of the study.
B．To bring out the focus of follow-up studies.
C．To discuss other factors affecting hibernation.
D．To explain practical applications of the finding.
（2024·山东济南·一模）
Making tiny furniture is no piece of cake. In this course, join Amanda Kelly, who is now pursuing her Master’s degree of Fine Arts in Sculpture at Radford University, to learn how to create realistic furniture from the beginning. While students who have taken this course are highly encouraged to sign up, students of all levels are welcome!
Course Overview
This course includes five sessions, each lasting for 2 hours on five Tuesdays beginning on November 7.
Session 1 (Tuesday, 11/7, 7—9:00 PM) Foundations and Scale
Session 2 (Tuesday, 11/14, 7—9: 00 PM) Making the Side Table
Session 3 (Tuesday, 11/21, 7—9:00 PM) Making the Bed
Session 4 (Tuesday, 11/28, 7—9: 00 PM) One Person’s Waste Is Another’s Tiny Treasure
Session 5 (Tuesday, 12/5, 7—9:00 PM) Sharing Your Creations
Pricing Options
In addition to full-price tickets of $225, a limited number of no-pay tickets are available for this course. Please note that these tickets are reserved for those who would not otherwise be able to take this course and who expect to attend all sessions. No-pay tickets are distributed via a random drawing two weeks before each course begins. For more information and to apply for a no-pay spot, please click here.
What Else to Know
This is an interactive, small-group workshop. Students are encouraged to participate in discussions and work on assignments outside of class. Due to the interactive nature of this course, we strongly recommend students attend as many live sessions as possible. If students are unable to attend the live sessions, after each session they will receive access to a recording of the live session, which they can watch for up to two weeks after the course concludes.
5．In which session may students display their works
A．Session 2. B．Session 3. C．Session 4. D．Session 5.
6．What can students do if they miss a live session
A．Reach out to other students.
B．Email the instructor immediately.
C．Make up for the class within 72 hours.
D．Watch the recorded class within 14 days.
7．What is the text
A．A research paper. B．A submission guide.
C．A course introduction. D．A furniture brochure.
（2024高三下·河北石家庄·阶段练习）
“Thank you for applying for the position,” the email read. “Your application has not been successful. We wish you every success in securing a suitable position in the future.” I received the email 2 weeks after an interview.
When I read it, I felt disappointed and angry. I’d spent hours preparing for the interview and in the end, I didn’t even know why I wasn’t successful! “How can I adapt my job search approach if I don’t know what went wrong ”
The value of that kind of feedback (反馈) became obvious to me a few months later. After applying for a job at a consulting company, I spent months working my way through the interview process before getting a phone call. “Unfortunately, we decided to offer the job to someone else,” the voice said. Again, the feeling I got from that rejection email appeared. But the conversation wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback from us ” the company representative asked.
The representative went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly shown my motivation for applying for the position and why I wanted to work for the company. The feedback was tough to hear. But I quickly realized they were right. After completing my Ph. D．in Germany, my top priority had been to find a position in Poland. So I wasn’t very selective about what I had applied for. The job at the consulting company was something I could do, but I didn’t feel passionate about it—and that was clearly shown in the interview process.
From then on, I only pursued the jobs that I was passionate about. In my applications, I also began stating more clearly why I wanted that job. Soon the approach paid off. I got an offer for a postdoc position in Poland that I was truly excited about.
Now, when early-career scientists interview for positions in my lab, I keep that experience in mind. If they don’t get the position, I will tell them why and what they can do to improve their job applications going forward.
8．What did the author expect to read in the rejection email
A．Reasons for failure. B．Useful guidelines.
C．Encouraging words. D．Sincere apologies.
9．How did the author feel when receiving the call at first
A．Embarrassed. B．Discouraged. C．Nervous. D．Guilty.
10．What made the author lose a second chance to land a job
A．His inexperience in consulting. B．An overstatement of his capability.
C．His lack of passion for the position. D．His bad performance in the interview.
11．Which words can best describe the author as a postdoc
A．Devoted and ambitious. B．Knowledgeable and modest.
C．Courageous and warm-hearted. D．Responsible and thoughtful.
4.（2024高三·广东·阶段练习）
China launched a Long March 2F carrier rocket on December 14,2023 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China’s Gobi Desert, sending a reusable experimental spacecraft into orbit. The test vehicle is scheduled to stay in orbit for a certain period of time and then return to its preset landing site in China. During the orbital flight, it has been tasked with verifying (核实) reusable technologies and space science experiments, which will both be used as technical support for the peaceful use of space.
It did not reveal the details of the mission and the spacecraft, such as launch time and specific plans, or publish pictures of the rocket’s liftoff or scenes inside the ground control hall. The mission is the third that China has made public related to reusable experimental spacecraft.
The country’s first orbital test of a trial vehicle took place in September 2020, and the craft was in orbit for just under two days. The second test started in August 2022 and the spaceplane stayed in the Earth’s orbit for 276 days before landing in May 2023．The second test’s success marked a major breakthrough in China’s reusable spacecraft technology, which is aimed at providing a convenient and affordable way to travel between Earth and outer space, the Jiuquan center said after the experimental spaceplane’s landing.
In recent years, advances in science and technology have reignited (重新激起) the space industry’s enthusiasm for reusable spaceships, especially robotic spaceplanes such as the Boeing X-37B that are smaller, cheaper, and less complex in their design, production and operation.
According to experts, reusable spacecraft will have a wide range of applications, including space tours for civilians, transporting astronauts, resupplying space stations, and placing satellites into orbit at a lower cost than through traditional methods.
12．What is revealed about the third test spacecraft
A．The tasks it performed. B．The details of its mission.
C．The pictures taken of its launch. D．The scenes in the ground control hall.
13．What is the target of China’s reusable spacecraft technology
A．To make outer space travel more available.
B．To mark a major breakthrough in flight speed.
C．To have the spaceplane stay in the orbit for 276 days.
D．To get the spacecraft to return to its preset landing site.
14．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph
A．The reusable products. B．The potential applications.
C．The experimental spacecraft cost. D．The individual estimate.
15．Which may be a suitable title for the text
A．Great Progress in Space Exploration
B．Details of the Third Spaceplane Mission
C．A Wide Range of Applications of Reusable Spacecraft
D．Reusable Spacecraft Launched to Orbit on Experimental Mission
5.（2024高三·山东济南·考试）
Tropical (热带的) forests could become so hot that some kinds of leaves will no longer be able to conduct photosynthesis (光 合 作用), according to a study. The photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail at about 46.7℃ on average. The research suggests that forests may be nearing dangerous temperature sooner than expected. Models predict that once we hit a global temperature increase of 3.9℃, these forests might experience mass leaf damage.
Chris Doughty, an associate professor at Northern Arizona University and the lead researcher of the study, said the leaf-warming experiments had revealed a nonlinear rise in temperatures. “We were really surprised that when we warmed leaves by 2, 3 or 4℃, the highest leaf temperatures actually increased by 8℃. This shows a concerning nonlinear feedback that we were not expecting.” said Doughty. “If we adopt a do-nothing response to climate change and tropical forest air temperatures increase by greater than 4℃, there could be massive leaf death.” he added.
Avoiding high emissions (排放) in the first place is key to stabilizing temperatures. “We should do all we can to avoid high-emissions. Under low-emissions, almost all tropical forest tree leaves can avoid death from overheating and the trees will survive,” said Simon Lewis, a professor of global change science at University College London. “Yet what the study doesn’t look at is heatwaves. We still might see tree deaths from overheating for limited periods during heatwaves under lower emissions.”
Researchers suggest that the damage is not yet unchanged. “Vote for people who are serious about addressing climate change and transferring to low-carbon economies, ”Disney, one researcher, advocated. More generally, we can all recognize the importance of supporting those countries and people who live in and rely on tropical forests economically, But the serious changes to tropical forests don’t just affect the local people it’s a global issue.
16．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “nonlinear” in Paragraph 2
A．Global. B．Dramatic. C．Steady. D．Minor.
17．What is most crucial in keeping temperatures stable
A．Planting more trees. B．Exploring heatwaves.
C．Conducting researches. D．Pursuing low emissions.
18．What was Disney’s suggestion in the last paragraph
A．Promoting global efforts.
B．Seeking economic support.
C．Helping tropical countries.
D．Boosting low-carbon education.
19．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Global warming harms trees.
B．Tropical forests lose functions.
C．Tropical leaves struggle in heat.
D．Forests near dangerous temperature.
（2023-2024学年·河南南阳·一模）
Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees, parks and community gardens. “Most of the children were doing well in their development, in terms of language skills, cognitive (认知的) capacity, socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis, a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC． “But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. “Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child. The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed, but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development, with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch. “Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
20．Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A．The kids’ scores from school exams.
B．The average IQ score of the subjects.
C．The green space where the kids lived.
D．The air pollution level of the whole city.
21．What’s the message implied in Paragraph 4
A．Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B．Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C．Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D．Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
22．What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A．The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B．The role of research in scientific work.
C．The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D．The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
23．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B．Green Spaces: A guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C．Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D．Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
（2023-2024学年吉林长春实验中学试题）
When I was seven, my family and I were coming back from a T-ball game. In our driveway, we spotted two adult geese and a small gosling. The adults were frightened by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn’t follow.
Hours passed and night fell. The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring him into our backyard.
We all pretty much slept with one eye open for several days. Each morning, we would try to rush the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn’t go to them, though, and they wouldn’t come close enough to claim him. The young goose had clearly decided we were his new family, and my twin sister Joanna called the little guy Peeper.
Almost a year passed and we settled into a routine filled with feathery hugs and company. One evening my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.
In 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my home. At first, I assumed it was just another Canada goose. After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly, it became clear to me that this wasn’t a random goose. He did all of the same things Peeper used to, like trying to come in through the front door and sleeping in our enclosed pool area. Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.
24．Why did the author bring the little goose home that night
A．It couldn’t find its parents.
B．It was too fragile to survive.
C．It wanted to stay in the yard.
D．It enjoyed the author’s company.
25．What does the underlined word “claim” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Get.
B．Forgive.
C．Challenge.
D．Annoy.
26．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．She named the goose Peeper.
B．She set Peeper free on purpose.
C．She had a deep feeling to Peeper.
D．She trained the goose to fly daily.
27．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．A Feathered Family Member
B．The Return of a Long Lost Friend
C．The Reunion of a Goose Family
D．An Adventurous Journey Home
8.（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.
The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒).
In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself.
This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.
28．What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.
D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
29．Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．Its history. B．Its procedure. C．Its consequence. D．Its significance.
30．What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation
A．Their growth rate and health condition.
B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses.
C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth.
D．Their investment value and natural qualities.
31．Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough
A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection.
B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals.
C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants.
D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing.
9.（江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测）
The invasive (入侵的) species, also called introduced species or foreign species, is any nonnative species that significantly changes or damages the ecosystem it invades. Such species may arrive in new areas through natural migration, but they are often introduced by the activities of other species. Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways in which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.
Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the necessary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings. Some introduced species may become invasive when they possess a built-in competitive advantage over native species in invaded areas. They change native food chains and in some cases even get to the top of the food chains, which means the ecosystem lacks natural enemy capable of keeping them in check. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can get the chance to reproduce in large numbers.
The ecological damage that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem’s biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem’s biological resources. Invasive species may be so good at catching preys that victim populations decline over time, and many victim species die out in the affected ecosystem. Other invasive species, in contrast, may prevent native species from obtaining food, living space, or other resources. Over time, invasive species can effectively replace native ones, often forcing the localized extinction of many native species. Invasive plants and animals may also serve as disease carriers that spread parasites (寄生虫) and viruses that may further do harm to the invaded area.
32．How do introduced species mainly travel to a new place
A．Through natural reproduction. B．Through natural migration.
C．Through human activities. D．Though social interactions.
33．What happens to most introduced species in new habitats
A．They become extinct worldwide. B．They survive from any challenges.
C．They dominate the new world. D．They die off in a short period.
34．What does the underlined word “preys” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Creatures that are hunted and eaten.
B．Species that die out in a new place.
C．Species at the top of food chains.
D．Creatures at the bottom of food chains.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Invasive Species Around the World
B．Invasive Species and Their Impact
C．The Ways Invasive Species Spread
D．The Classification of Introduced Species
（江苏省常州市十校2023年高三联合调研）
Road trips can seem extra-long when someone else’ s unpleasant music fills the car. What if you could listen to only your music without headphones and no one else would hear it Now researchers in France are working lo deliver such personal sound zones that adapt as conditions in your car change.
Why bother Headphones are good at controlling what you hear, but they can be uncomfortable and even damage your hearing.
Personal listening zones inside a car could let you hear well without having to drown out other sounds with high volume. They also would bring many new possibilities. Everyone in a car could listen to their own audio privately. GPS alerts (警报) could go only to the driver. Passengers could make phone calls without being overheard.
Engineers are working to create these personal sound zones using multiple loudspeakers. They don’t tall broadcast the same signal, but the signals are coordinated (协调的). A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
According to Patricia Davies, an engineer studying sound, creating quiet zones anywhere in a three-dimensional space, like the inside of a vehicle, is challenging. One reason is that sound waves are sensitive. Changes in temperature can change how fast the waves travel. So can the number of people in the car and other factors. A small change in even one of these can have a big impact.
Still, it’s easier to create personal sound zones in cars than in other spaces. In a car, what’s interesting is that we know where the people are. The loudspeakers can be built right into the headrests.
Personal sound zones will only catch on if they work as well as headphones. If you turn on the air conditioner or pick up a passenger, the sound quality can’t go downhill. With this in mind, Melon and his team recently modified an existing system.
36．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A．The popularity of personal listening zones.
B．The advantages of personal listening zones.
C．The safety offered by personal listening zones.
D．The differenccs among 8ounds with high volume.
37．What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
38．Why is creating quiet zones in a car difficult
A．The speed of a car is uncontrollable.
B．Sound waves are easy to be affected.
C．The places of loudspeakers are fixed.
D．The temperatures of passengers are changeable.
39．What might be talked about next
A．What the team did.
B．Who made up the team.
C．Which system worked best.
D．How popular the system was.

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