2024届高考英语常考介词短语汇总及介词用法梳理清单

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2024届高考英语常考介词短语汇总及介词用法梳理清单

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【精选】高考常考介词短语汇总及介词用法梳理
1. 由 at 构成的短语
At dawn 拂晓
At sunrise 日出时
At noon 中午
At night 夜晚
At table 在用餐
At college 在上大学
At last 最后
At a time 一次
At times 有时候
At the same time 同时
At all costs 不惜一切代价
At least 至少
At will 任意地
At the thought of 一想到
2. 由 by 构成的短语
By accident/chance 偶然
By turns 轮流
At daybreak 黎明
At sunset/sundown 日落时
At dusk 黄昏
At home 在家
At school 在上学
At risk 有危险,冒险
At rest 静止不动
At one time 曾经
At all time 总是
At present 目前
At first 最初
At most 至多
At random 随机地
At the sight of 一看到
By check 用支票
By mistake 错误地
By no means 决不 By birth 出身
By e-mail 通过电子邮件 By means of 借助 ……手段
By credit card 用信用卡 By the way 顺便说一句
3. 由 from 构成的短语
From memory 凭记忆 From cover to cover 从头至尾
From day to day 日复一日 From beginning to end 从头到尾
From now on 从现在起 From head to foot 从头到脚
From then on从那时起 From time to time 时不时地
From bad to worse越来越糟
4. 由 in 构成的短语
In high/poor/bad spirits 情绪高涨/低落/ In good order 很整齐
差 In silence 静静地
In tears 热泪盈眶 In doubt 有疑问
In fear 在恐惧中 In print 在印刷
In danger 在危险中 In a sense 从某种意义上来说
In peace 和平相处 In flower 在开花
In surprise 惊讶地 In advance 事先
In trouble 陷入困境 In the meantime 同时
In safety 很安全 In case 假使
In need 有需要 In case of 如果发生
In fact 实际上
In general 一般说来
In turn 轮流
In public 公开地
In short 总之
In one ’s opinion 在某人看来
In no time 立刻
In all 总共
5. 由 on 构成的短语
On board 乘(车, 飞机)
On duty 值班
On fire 着火
On earth 到底
On holiday/vacation 度假
On trial 在受审
On strike 罢工
On show 在上映
On (the) average 平均
On purpose 故意地
On the contary 相反
In brief 简而言之
In good condition 状况好
In order 井井有条
In other words 换句话说
In return 作为报答
In the course of 在 ……过程中
In the end 最后
In the long run 从长远来看
On the way 在途中
On call 听候召唤
On foot 步行
On hire 雇用
On business 出差
On sale 在出售/在打听
On a visit 在访问
On the spot 当场
On the rise 在上升
On the phone 在打/接电话
On time 准时
6. 由 Of 构成的短语
Of+抽象名词=形容词
Of+great / much+抽象名词=very + 形容词
如: It is of great / much value.=It is very valuable.
Of+no+抽象名词=not + 形容词
如: It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.
7. “under+名词 ”类
under control 在控制之中
under discussion 在讨论
under observation 在观察中
under test 在被测试
under construction 在建设中
under arrest 被逮捕
under consideration 在考虑中
under repair 在修理中
under attack 受到袭击
under treatment 在治疗中
8.由 out of 构成的词组
Out of breath 气喘吁吁
Out of control 失去控制
Out of danger 脱险
Out of work 失业
Out of date 过时
Out of fashion 不时尚
Out of order 发生故障
Out of shape 变形
Out of reach 拿不到
Out of touch 失去联系
Out of the question 不可能
Out of question 没问题
9. 由 to 构成的短语
To 与情感名词连用, 表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”
To one ’s delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/reget=to the delight/ surprise /horror /sorrow /joy / regret of sb.这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,位置前、中、后皆可。为了
强调, 可在前面加 much,意为“使某人非常 ……的是 ”
10. 由 with 构成的短语
With 在英语中用法繁多,其主要用法如下:
(1) 表示“和 ……在一起”“ 由 ……陪同”或“有 ……在场 ”的意思。如:
Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their family of three small children .
Would you like to come to the theatre with us
You cannot see Mr.Johnson at the moment , as he is with the manager.
(2) 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如:
With time passing,they have grown into big boys and big girls .
Temperature varies with the time of the year.
(3) 表示“带有、带来、带走、携带 ”等伴随的意思。如:
The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
He came downstairs with his coat over his arm .
(4) 引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如:
The stranger spoke with a foreign accent .
He looked at me with a frown .
同样用法的有:
with a sneer 嘲笑地, with a sign 唉声叹气地,
with a sob 抽噎地,with a laugh 哈哈一笑,大笑着
(5) 指原因或理由。如:
His face was red with anger.
The small child trembled with fear.
补充: 介词基本用法
介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。
1. 时间介词。常用时间介词及基本使用规则如下:
in:世纪、年、月、季、周、早、中、晚前面用 in; in+段时间, 表在一段时间以后,用于
一般将来时。
on :凡有天都用 on ;早中晚前有描述性词
at:加点时间,如小时、分钟、黎明等。
for:加段时间,表示行为状态持续了多久。
since:加点时间, 强调从起始点一直持续到现在, 因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。
by/ before:加点时间, 用完成时态
2. 地点介词。常用地点介词及基本使用规则如下:
on :在物体表面上 → The painting is on the wall.
over:在垂直正上方 → a bridge over the river
above:在上方(泛)→ above my head(在头上方,非正上方)
beneath:在物体表面下(不考)
under:在垂直正下方 → under the tree
below:在下方(泛) → below the horizon
in:在物体里面 → in the box; in the sun
into:进入到物体里面 → dance into the room
out of:从物体里面出去 → run out of the room
around:在周围 → show sb. around the school
beside:在旁边(类似的还有: by ,at)→ stand beside the door
next to:在旁边,紧挨着 → sit next to the window
across :平面穿过 → go across the road
through:空间穿过 → go through the forest/ the crowd
from:来自某地 → come from China (来自中国,则现在不在中国, from 有否定后面
的含义)
far away from/ far from:远离 → live far away from home/ far from home
to:前往某地 → go to the store
for:前往某地 → leave for the store
beyond:在较远一边;超出 → beyond my reach/ ability
3. 方式介词及其基本使用规则。
有形 with,无形 by,语言颜色材料 in
4. 其他常用介词及其基本使用规则。
for:因为 →work for money and love
with:有;带有 → With so much money, we can do everything.
off:离开;脱落 → go off the road; fall off the beam
as :作为 → as natural architects
like:像 → look like an angel
besides:除 ……还有 → Besides money, he has a warm heart.
despite:尽管 → Despite the bad weather, he still went to work.
against:反对 → go against my principles
of: …… 的, 表所属
about:关于(on, over);大约(around);到处(around);

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