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《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（湖南专用）
专题06 语法填空最新真题模拟16篇（干货+模拟）
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技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用动词不定式、-ing形式或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或转化为-ing/-ed形容词。
二、填写动词时态语态和主谓一致“四看”：
一看句子明确的时间状语，如in the past three months;
二看句子特定的句型，如This is the first time that…;
三看主从句时态呼应，如状语从句考虑“主将从现”；
四看特定语境，如科普类文章多用一般现在时，故事经历类文章多用一般过去时。
三、语法填空两个重要理念：
一是同一个考点不重复考查。如谓语考查两个不同时态或同一时态不同语态；非谓语考查to do, -ing或-ed形式中1-3个；名词考查动词变名词或单数变复数；形容词考查变副词或比较等级等；介词、冠词、代词同一语篇 一般只考查一次。二是括号内所给单词一次变形。想考查副词给形容词；想考查名词给动词或形容词；想考查形容词给名词或动词；想考查名词复数给名词单数形式。
四、自由填空黄金做题思路:
一是填写介词，需要考虑空前空后与动词、名词或形容词的固定搭配或习惯用法；
二是填写冠词，考虑a和an的区别，以及定冠词和不定冠词的区别以及含冠词固定搭配；
三是填写连词，既要考虑并列句中and, or ,but的选择又要考虑名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句连接词的选择；
四是填写代词，高频词是it，还有one，another, either, neither, that等不定代词。
上述自由填空一般占3-4空，其余为给词填空。
五、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时7分钟/每篇。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, 1 UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The team 2 (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over 4 (century)on the ancient Silk Road.
Commonly 5 (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason (石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, 6 (be) able to recognize the problems and their 7 (correspond) causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, 8 formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9 fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10 (appear) in restoration.
【答案】
1．a 2．is devoted 3．which 4．centuries 5．seen 6．to be 7．corresponding 8．before 9．or 10．appearance
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了敦煌莫高窟壁画的保护工作，包括保护的重要性、常见的壁画“病害”以及修复壁画所需要的技能和步骤。
1．考查冠词。句意：这是一场与时间的赛跑，因为敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力，莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。World Heritage Site意为“世界遗产”，为可数名词，此处做莫高窟同位语，表示“一处世界遗产”，前应用不定冠词修饰，UNESCO为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
2．考查固定搭配：句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。此处考查固定搭配：be devoted to意为“致力于”，根据后文的takes可知，用一般现在时，主语The team为第三人称单数。故填is devoted。
3．考查定语从句。句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是caves，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。故填which。
4．考查名词。句意：这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处是固定搭配：over centuries意为“几个世纪以来”。故填centuries。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：影响壁画的常见“疾病”包括开裂和剥落，以及由洞穴温度和湿度变化引起的侵蚀，以及盐的沉积。本句已有谓语动词include，所以see用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语diseases之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填seen。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。本句已有谓语动词know，master and have，所以be用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to be。
7．考查形容词。修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，corresponding表示“相应的”。故填corresponding。
8．考查介词。句意：他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。根据句意，此处表达“在正式进行修复和评估效果之前”之意，用介词before。故填before。
9．考查连词。句意：当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。根据句意，some parts of murals missing和fading away为两种可能得结果，用or连接。故填or。
10．考查名词。句意：当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，appear的名词形式是appearance。故填appearance。
（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its aroma in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, 11 for the beauty of tea ceremonies.
Picking tea leaves 12 (be) an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 13 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea, widely 14 (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged as a major 15 (produce) of tea. White Tea in Huzhou city’s Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are two 16 (extreme) renowned teas in both China and abroad. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers 17 (sow) seeds on their land. In the peak seasons, many tourists go to tea farms 18 (witness) the beautiful scenery for themselves, while enjoying a freshly brewed cup of tea.
19 (tradition) tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China 20 (add) to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022.
【答案】
11．but 12．is 13．when 14．sought 15．producer 16．extremely 17．sowing 18．to witness 19．Traditional 20．were added
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的茶文化。
11．考查连词。句意：许多爱茶的人喜欢茶不仅仅是因为它的味道，而是因为茶道的美丽。句型not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
12．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Picking tea leaves视为第三人称单数，故系动词用is。故填is。
13．考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种产量很少的珍贵茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受欢迎，被称为名前茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，seek“寻找”与主语This precious small output of tea之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填sought。
15．考查名词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的主要生产商。空处用名词producer“生产商”，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作宾语。故填producer。
16．考查副词。句意：湖州市安吉县的白茶和杭州的西湖龙井茶是两种在中国和国外都非常有名的茶。空处用副词extremely“非常”，作状语，修饰renowned。故填extremely。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：春天，当地的山坡上挤满了茶农，他们在地上播种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，sow“播种”与主语tea workers之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填sowing。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在旺季，许多游客会去茶园，一边品尝新鲜沏好的茶，一边亲眼目睹美丽的风景。本句谓语为go，此处为非谓语动词，且tourists与witness“当场看到，目击”为主动关系，应用不定式的主动形式，作目的状语。故填to witness。
19．考查形容词。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。空处用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语，修饰tea processing techniques，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Traditional。
20．考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。结合时间状语in 2022可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China与add“添加”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were added。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的的正确形式。
The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024. The UN General Assembly, in a resolution, acknowledges the 21 (significant) of the Lunar New Year and invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations to avoid 22 (hold) meetings on the Lunar New Year.
The resolution encourages the arrangement 23 (take) into account when drafting future calendars of conferences. The United Nations identifies 24 (globe) observed holidays as floating holidays and refrains from scheduling meetings 25 such occasions.
China’s deputy permanent representative to the United Nations said the Spring Festival, as a traditional Chinese holiday 26 features family reunion and good wishes for the coming year, not only 27 (bear) the idea s of the Chinese civilization of peace and harmony but becomes the common values of humanity such as 28 (harmony) family, social inclusion and sound relationship between man and nature.
The resolution serves as a showcase of the influence of Chinese civilization and aims at tolerance and interactions between diverse civilizations worldwide. 29 also reflects the values of diversity and inclusion promoted by the United Nations. The deputy added that the listing of the Spring Festival as a UN holiday 30 (welcome) among member states and staff members of the UN Secretary.
【答案】
21．significance 22．holding 23．to be taken 24．globally 25．on 26．that/which 27．bears 28．harmonious 29．It 30．is welcomed
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了联合国将农历新年（春节）列为其会议日历中的浮动假日的决议，并提供了相关背景信息和各方的反应。
21．考查名词。句意：联合国大会在一项决议中承认农历新年的重要性，并邀请总部和其他工作地点的联合国机构避免在农历新年举行会议。空处需要名词作acknowledges的宾语，significant的名词形式是significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国大会在一项决议中承认农历新年的重要性，并邀请总部和其他工作地点的联合国机构避免在农历新年举行会议。此处是固定搭配：avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故填holding。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：该决议鼓励在起草今后的会议日历时考虑到这一安排。空处是固定搭配：encourage sth. to be done，需要用到非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词arrangement，且arrangement与take之间是被动关系，故应用to be done的形式，表示“要被考虑的安排”。故填to be taken。
24．考查副词。句意：联合国将全球法定假日确定为浮动假日，并避免在此类场合安排会议。空处需要用副词修饰动词observed，表示“全球性地庆祝的节日”，故填globally。
25．考查介词。句意：联合国将全球法定假日确定为浮动假日，并避免在此类场合安排会议。此处表示“在这样的场合”，应该用介词on，表示在某个特定的时间或场合。故填on。
26．考查定语从句。句意：中国常驻联合国副代表表示，春节作为中国的传统节日，以家庭团聚和对来年的美好祝愿为特色，不仅承载了中华文明的和平与和谐理念，而且成为人类的共同价值观，如和谐家庭，社会包容和人与自然的良好关系。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a traditional Chinese holiday，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
27．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国常驻联合国副代表表示，春节作为中国的传统节日，以家庭团聚和对来年的美好祝愿为特色，不仅承载了中华文明的和平与和谐理念，而且成为人类的共同价值观，如和谐家庭，社会包容和人与自然的良好关系。not only…but…连接两个并列的谓语动词，谓语动词的时态需保持一致。根据but后的becomes可知，应用一般现在时，且主语the Spring Festival为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填bears。
28．考查形容词。句意：中国常驻联合国副代表表示，春节作为中国的传统节日，以家庭团聚和对来年的美好祝愿为特色，不仅承载了中华文明的和平与和谐理念，而且成为人类的共同价值观，如和谐家庭，社会包容和人与自然的良好关系。空处需要用形容词修饰名词family，表示“和谐的家庭”，harmony的形容词形式是harmonious。故填harmonious。
29．考查代词。句意：它还反映了联合国倡导的多样性和包容性的价值观。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，根据句意，空处指代上文提到的The resolution，为特指，且作主语，故用代词it，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。
30．考查动词时态和语态。句意：该副代表补充说，将春节列为联合国节日受到会员国和联合国秘书长工作人员的欢迎。空处表示“受到欢迎”，且主语the listing of the Spring Festival as a UN holiday与welcome之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is welcomed。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A total of 12 areas across China have been required to innovate, protect and develop the copyright of Chinese folk cultures as a national pilot program. The pilot consists 31 four provinces, including Jiangsu and Sichuan, as well as eight cities, including Weifang and Huangshan. The program 32 (carry)out during last year’s International Copyright Forum, 33 was held in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province.
Folklore is an important treasure of Chinese civilization, so it is essential 34 (strengthen)the protection, promotion and spread of folk cultures. The move is not only a requirement for promoting the 35 (create)transformation of traditional cultures, but also a key way to enhance the country’s cultural soft power and improve 36 (it)cultural self-confidence and self-growth.
While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and 37 (clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation, 38 (apply), management and services.
At the opening ceremony, Zhang Jianchun, vice-minister of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, called for greater efforts to 39 (full)advance high-quality development and actively encourage creation through copyright. ”Copyright protection is 40 guarantee, so we’d like to increase exchanges and cooperation with the world,“ he said.
【答案】
31．of 32．was carried 33．which 34．to strengthen 35．creative 36．its 37．clarifying 38．application 39．fully 40．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国四个省份和八个城市试行的中国民间文艺版权保护项目。
31．考查介词。句意：试点范围包括江苏、四川等4个省，以及潍坊、黄山等8个城市。consist of是固定搭配，意为“由……组成”。故填of。
32．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该项目是去年在江西景德镇举行的国际版权论坛期间开展的。根据空后的during last year’s International Copyright Forum可知，空处应填一般过去时；program与carry out之间为被动关系，应用被动语态;且主语program为第三人称单数。故填was carried。
33．考查定语从句。句意：该项目是去年在江西景德镇举行的国际版权论坛期间开展的。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，又先行词为International Copyright Forum,指物。故填which。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：民俗是中华文明的重要财富，加强民间文化的保护、弘扬和传播是十分必要的。it’s essential to do sth.意为“做某事是极其重要的”。空处应填不定式，在句中作真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填to strengthen。
35．考查形容词。句意：这一举措不仅是促进传统文化创造性转化的要求，也是增强国家文化软实力、提高文化自信和自我成长的关键途径。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词transformation，应填形容词。故填creative。
36．考查代词。句意：这一举措不仅是促进传统文化创造性转化的要求，也是增强国家文化软实力、提高文化自信和自我成长的关键途径。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词短语cultural self-confidence and self-growth，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：试点地区在充分发挥当地民俗资源优势，明确全国民俗现状的同时，将增强公众对民间文化版权保护的意识，促进版权的创新、应用、管理和服务。根据句子结构和空前的giving full play to advantages of local folk resources可知，and连接两个并列的现在分词充当状语。故填clarifying。
38．考查名词。句意：试点地区在充分发挥当地民俗资源优势，明确全国民俗现状的同时，将增强公众对民间文化版权保护的意识，促进版权的创新、应用、管理和服务。根据空前的copyright innovation和空后的management and services可知，空处应填apply的名词形式，充当动词promote的宾语。故填application。
39．考查副词。句意：在开幕式上，中共中央宣传部副部长张建春呼吁加大力度，全面推进高质量发展，积极鼓励版权创新。空处在句中修饰动词advance，应填full的副词形式fully。fully advance high-quality development意为“全面推进高质量发展”。故填fully。
40．考查冠词。句意：版权保护是一种保障，所以我们愿意加强与世界各国的交流与合作。guarantee“保证”为可数名词，此处表泛指，且guarantee的发音以辅音音素开头，应填不定冠词a。故填a。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I, as a BBC food writer, traveled China last year. Then I fell in love with hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of 41 most prized Chinese dishes. Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting 42 late September to early October, and 43 (end) around November. Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers.
Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 44 (sweet). Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe, which is creamy and delicious. Female crabs are more prized 45 male crabs because they contain much more roe and are believed 46 (taste) sweeter.
Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 47 (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁). They pair 48 (excellent) with huangjiu, a Chinese liquor (酒) made from fermented (发酵) grains. There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 49 (design) for specific parts. It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones.
Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones. It’s surprising 50 great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them.
【答案】
41．the 42．from 43．ending 44．sweetness 45．than 46．to taste 47．is 48．excellently 49．designed 50．how
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大闸蟹这道菜以及做法。
41．考查冠词。句意：然后我爱上了大闸蟹，这是最珍贵的中国菜之一。后文most prized为最高级，应用定冠词连用。故填the。
42．考查介词。句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从9月下旬到10月初，到11月左右结束。短语from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从9月下旬到10月初，到11月左右结束。分析句子结构可知，end与上文“tarting from late September to early October, and”为并列关系，为现在分词作状语。故填ending。
44．考查名词。句意：大闸蟹的肉以其甜味而闻名。作介词的宾语，应用名词sweetness，不可数。故填sweetness。
45．考查比较级。句意：雌蟹比雄蟹更珍贵，因为它们含有更多的卵，而且被认为味道更甜。根据上文more prized可知为比较级，应用than。故填than。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：雌蟹比雄蟹更珍贵，因为它们含有更多的卵，而且被认为味道更甜。短语be believed to do sth.表示“被认为……”。故填to taste。
47．考查时态。句意：传统上，大闸蟹的做法很简单——把螃蟹蒸熟，然后蘸着酱吃。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为the recipe for hairy crabs，谓语用单数。故填is。
48．考查副词。句意：它们与黄酒非常搭配，黄酒是一种由发酵谷物制成的中国白酒。修饰动词pair应用副词excellently，故填excellently。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：加工大闸蟹有八种不同的工具，每一种都是为特定的部位设计的。分析句子结构可知design与逻辑主语tools构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填designed。
50．考查副词。句意：当你在吃大闸蟹的时候移除了障碍物，你会惊讶地发现大闸蟹的多么美味。此处表示“多么”应用副词how ，故填how。
（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI)to monitor biodiversity and enhance efforts to protect some species from 51 (threaten). Unlike conventional methods, AI has the capacity 52 (analyze)massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 53 a rate much faster than that millions of years ago, with up to one million species on the edge of 54 (extinct). In response, the United Nations set a goal in 2020 to safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans. “Al is imperfect 55 could promote important discoveries.” says Nicolas Miailhe, Paris-based founder of the Future Society, an international non-profit organization 56 aims to better govern AI. “We badly need human practitioners to design models and interpret data. ”
Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time, AI can also be used to model the impacts of human activities on an ecosystem. Although it 57 (document) that human activities have resulted in biodiversity loss, little is known about which environmental factors have 58 (large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 59 essential role in connecting changes in biodiversity with environmental changes. ”says Luisa Orsini, who 60 (study) evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham, UK.
【答案】
51．being threatened 52．to analyze 53．at 54．extinction 55．but 56．which/that 57．is documented 58．the largest 59．an 60．studies
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员一直在应用人工智能来监测生物多样性，并加大努力来保护一些物种免受威胁。
51．考查非谓语。句意：研究人员一直在应用人工智能来监测生物多样性，并加大努力来保护一些物种免受威胁。protect sb. from doing“保护某人免受……”为固定短语，动词threaten与它的逻辑主语some species构成被动关系，故空处应用threaten的动名词的被动式作宾语。故填being threatened。
52．考查不定式。句意：与传统方法不同，人工智能具有有效分析大量数据的能力。分析句子可知，空处应用不定式作后置定语修饰名词capacity。故填to analyze。
53．考查介词。句意：物种的消失速度比数百万年前快得多，多达100万种物种濒临灭绝。at a rate“以……的速度”为固定搭配。故填at。
54．考查名词。句意：物种的消失速度比数百万年前快得多，多达100万种物种濒临灭绝。空处应用名词作介词of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填extinction。
55．考查连词。句意：人工智能是不完美的，但可以促进重要的发现。分析句子可知，空出前后为转折关系，故填but。
56．考查定语从句。句意：“人工智能是不完美的，但可以促进重要的发现。”Future Society的创始人Nicolas Miailhe说。Future Society是一个旨在更好地管理人工智能的国际非营利组织。分析句子可知，空处应填关系代词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词organization，先行词是物，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
57．考查时态语态。句意：尽管有文献表明人类活动导致了生物多样性的丧失，但对哪些环境因素的影响最大却知之甚少。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。动词document与主语it是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is documented。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：尽管有文献表明人类活动导致了生物多样性的丧失，但对哪些环境因素的影响最大却知之甚少。分析句子可知，空处应填large的最高级在句中作定语，最高级前要用定冠词the。故填the largest。
59．考查冠词。句意：长期统计数据将在把生物多样性变化与环境变化联系起来方面发挥重要作用。play a role in“在……起作用”为固定短语，essential发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
60．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：英国伯明翰大学研究进化生物系统的Luisa Orsini说：“长期统计数据将在把生物多样性的变化与环境变化联系起来方面发挥重要作用。”句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。此处who引导修饰Luisa Orsini的非限制性定语从句，从句中谓语的单复数与先行词Luisa Orsini保持一致，故用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填studies。
（2024·湖南永州·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
A skywell, or “tian jing” in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. 61 (expose) less to the outdoor environment, a skywell is different from a northern Chinese courtyard. Skywells are 62 (relative) common in historic residences in large areas of southern and eastern China.
In today’s rapidly urbanising China, fewer and fewer people live in skywell dwellings, 63 a revival of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells 64 (restore) for modern times. Meanwhile, some architects are drawing 65 (inspire) from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler, which is a method 66 (combine) design and technology to cool a building without the use of power.
However, there are some 67 (challenge) for bringing skywells into modern designs. The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting, ventilation (通风) and rain collection are well known, but applying these principles 68 (need) to be site-specific. Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, which were highly dependent 69 their natural surroundings. Adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be sensitive to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as 70 universal solution.
【答案】
61．Exposed 62．relatively 63．but 64．to be restored 65．inspiration 66．combining 67．challenges 68．needs 69．on 70．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方和东部传统住宅——天井，包括其特色和前景等。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于较少暴露于室外环境，天井与中国北方的庭院不同。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，主语“a skywell”和动词“expose”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Exposed。
62．考查副词。句意：在中国南部和东部大片地区的历史住宅中，天井相对普遍。修饰形容词“common”用副词形式。故填relatively。
63．考查连词。句意：在当今快速城市化的中国，越来越少的人居住在天井住宅中，但人们对中国传统建筑的兴趣正在复兴，一些带有天井的历史建筑正在被修复，以适应现代社会。空前“fewer and fewer people live in skywell dwellings”和空后“a revival of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells to be restored for modem times.”之间存在转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当今快速城市化的中国，越来越少的人居住在天井住宅中，但人们对中国传统建筑的兴趣正在复兴，一些带有天井的历史建筑正在被修复，以适应现代社会。非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，宾语“skywells”和动词“restore”之间为被动关系，且表示动作还未发生，用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be restored。
65．考查名词。句意：与此同时，一些建筑师正在从天井中汲取灵感，帮助新建筑保持凉爽，这是一种结合设计和科技的方法，无需使用电力即可为建筑降温。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当宾语。故填inspiration。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，一些建筑师正在从天井中汲取灵感，帮助新建筑保持凉爽，这是一种结合设计和科技的方法，无需使用电力即可为建筑降温。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a method”和动词“combine”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填combining。
67．考查名词的数。句意：然而，将天井融入现代设计中存在一些挑战。根据空前的“some”以及本句谓语动词“are”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填challenges。
68．考查谓语动词。句意：众所周知，庭院促进自然采光、通风和雨水收集的机制，但应用这些原则需要因地制宜。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上一句的时态可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为动名词“applying these principles”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填needs。
69．考查固定短语。句意：因为传统的天井有不同的形状、大小和特点，这高度依赖于其自然环境。固定短语：be dependent on，意为“依赖于……”，符合句意。故填on。
70．考查冠词。句意：在现代建筑中添加天井要求设计师对项目的背景和情况保持敏感，这使得它们很难作为一种通用的解决方案来应用。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
（2024·湖南邵阳·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatable Brick Beds Warm NE China Homes
In northeast China’s chilly winter, getting into a warm bed is made possible by an ancient heatable brick bed that could date back more than two thousand years 71 is still widely used today. These beds not only bring warmth to local residents, but also continue the folk culture of northeast China.
The bed is made of bricks or other forms of fired clay with 72 width of about1.7 m to 2.3 m and a length that can be determined according to the length of the bedroom. It uses a ducted heating system similar to the Roman hypocaust, 73 (compose) of a stove, a bed and a chimney. The stove 74 (use) to burn firewood. Smoke and heat generated by burning firewood pass through an internal hollow and curved flue system to heat the bed above. Smoke is eventually discharged outward through the chimney. The bed retains heat well, 75 enables people 76 (have) a comfortable sleeping environment in the cold winter. In addition, 77 (sleep) on the heatable brick bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood 78 (circulate) and metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis and waist and leg pain.
The heatable brick bed is not only used as a bed, but also a living area for the family. People 79 (routine) have their meals and family 80 (gathering) on the bed in cold winters. The bed is a symbol of home that embodies the emotion and love they feel towards their families.
【答案】
71．and 72．a 73．composed 74．is used 75．which 76．to have 77．sleeping 78．circulation 79．routinely 80．gatherings
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍中国东北火炕的历史、构造、功能等。它不仅给当地居民带来了温暖，而且延续了中国东北的文化。
71．考查连词。句意：在中国东北寒冷的冬天里，一张古老的可加热的火炕使人们躺在温暖的炕上成为可能，这种火炕有2000多年的历史且今天仍被广泛使用。that引导定语从句，从句中谓语“could date back…”与“is still widely used today”并列，故填and。
72．考查冠词。句意：这种火炕是由砖或其它形式的烧制陶土做成的，宽度为1.7米到2.3米，长度则根据房间的长度来确定。a width of是固定搭配，意为“宽度为”，故填a。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：它使用类似于罗马人的地暖火坑那样的管道加热系统，由一个火炉，一张床和一个烟囱组成。“be composed of”意为“由……组成”，此处省略be，用过去分词做后置定语，故填composed。
74．考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这种炉子被用来燃烧柴火。分析句子成分可知该句缺谓语，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，且主语stove与谓语use是被动关系，主语为单数，故填is used。
75．考查定语从句。句意：这种火炕保温性能好，这使人们在寒冷的冬天有一个舒适的睡眠环境。该空前是一个完整的句子，且有逗号隔开，由此分析可知后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填which。
76．
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能做某事”，不定式在句中做宾语补足语，故填to have。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：除此之外，长期睡在可加热的火炕上对血液循环和身体的新陈代谢有好处，能减少疾病，如：关节炎，腰疼和腿疼。分析句子结构可知，该句缺主语，动名词做主语表示习惯性、经常行的动作，故填sleeping。
78．考查名词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处需用名词作宾语，circulation“循环”，不可数，故填circulation。
79．考查副词。句意：在寒冷的冬天里，人们通常在火炕上吃饭和家庭聚会。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用副词做状语修饰谓语动词have，故填routinely。
80．考查名词的单复数。句意同上。gathering是可数名词，设空处和前面的名词meals 构成并列关系，用复数形式，故填gatherings.
（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。
Wei Chunrong has built a reputation as a leading actress of Kunqu Opera, 81 oldest traditional Chinese opera with a history of about 600 years, which, performed in the Suzhou dialect, 82 (know) for graceful body movements, rhythmic singing and exquisite costumes.
She started learning at 10 and 83 (perform) with the Northern Kunqu Opera Theatre since she was 16. Wei performed at UNESCO headquarters in Paris in 2001 84 the organization listed it as one of the masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity (人类口头和非物质遗产). Now in her 50s, Wei has found a new role. In the 85 (origin) Kunqu Opera production, titled Guo Feng, Wei plays the role of Lady Xu Mu,who was the first female poet 86 (record) in Chinese history.
“I played different roles during the past four decades. For Lady Xu Mu, I have to put aside all my experiences and start afresh 87 (comprehend) and perform the role,” said Wei, 88 (sit) in the dressing room of Tianqiao Theatre a day before the show started on June 19.
“The role, Lady Xu Mu, was written for Wei Chunrong 89 particular. Though she has played many classic roles, she needs one which could represent her 90 (specific) and take her career to the next level,” says Luo, the playwright (剧作家).
【答案】
81．the 82．is known 83．has been performing/has performed 84．when 85．original 86．recorded 87．to comprehend 88．sitting 89．in 90．specifically/specificity
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了昆曲艺术家魏春荣的生平及其新剧目《国风》。
81．考查冠词。句意：昆曲是中国最古老的传统戏剧，有大约600年的历史，以苏州方言表演，以优美的肢体动作，有节奏的演唱和精致的服装而闻名。根据“oldest”可知，形容词最高级前需有定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
82．考查时态语态。句意：昆曲是中国最古老的传统戏剧，有大约600年的历史，以苏州方言表演，以优美的肢体动作，有节奏的演唱和精致的服装而闻名。分析句子结构可知，定语从句中缺谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，“Kunqu Opera”和“know”之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is known。
83．考查完成时态。句意：她10岁开始学习，16岁开始在北方昆曲剧院表演。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，根据“since she was 16”可知，此句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时皆可。故填has been performing/has performed。
84．考查定语从句。句意：2001年，她在联合国教科文组织巴黎总部演出，当时该组织将其列为人类口头和非物质遗产的代表作之一。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，设空处指代先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故填when。
85．考查形容词。句意：在昆曲原作《国风》中，魏春荣饰演许穆夫人。她是中国历史上记载的第一位女诗人。根据“Kunqu Opera production”可知，空处需填形容词作定语。故填original。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：在昆曲原作《国风》中，魏春荣饰演许穆夫人。她是中国历史上记载的第一位女诗人。分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词“was”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“the first female poet”和“record”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填recorded。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：“为了扮演许穆夫人，我必须抛开所有的经验，重新开始理解和表演这个角色，”6月19日演出开始前一天，坐在天桥剧院试衣间里的魏春荣说。Start to do sth表示“开始去做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填to comprehend。
88．考查非谓语动词。句意：“为了扮演许穆夫人，我必须抛开所有的经验，重新开始理解和表演这个角色，”6月19日演出开始前一天，坐在天桥剧院试衣间里的魏春荣说。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“said”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“Wei”和“sit”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填sitting。
89．考查介词。句意：许穆夫人这个角色是专门为魏春荣写的。in particular表示“特别，专门的”，符合句意。故填in。
90．考查名词或副词。句意：“虽然她演过很多经典角色，但她需要一个能代表她特性的角色，让她的事业更上一层楼。”剧作家罗说。/虽然她演过许多经典的角色，但她需要一个能具体代表她的角色，并将她的事业提升到一个新的水平，”剧作家罗说。根据“which could represent her”可知，her若是形容词性物主代词，则缺宾语，需用名词形式specificity表示“特点，特性”，若her是人称代词宾格，则缺状语，修饰动词represent，则用副词specifically表示“特意地，专门地”。故填specifically/specificity。
（2024·湖南株洲·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Second International Summit on BDS Applications was held in Zhuzhou, Hunan province from October 26 to 28 with 13 special activities 91 (share) cutting-edge technologies, linking high-end resources and promoting high-quality projects.
BDS, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, has become one of the four global satellite navigation 92 (system) recognized by the UN, along with the United States’ GPs, Russia’s GLONASs and the European Union’s Galileo. It 93 (serve) users in more than 200 countries and regions worldwide over the past years.
The application of BDs expands fast, and it has provided service for more than 20 industries such as 94 (energetic) and telecommunication. BDS is a public service product 95 (offer) by China, and the country is willing to 96 (deep) cooperation in BDS application with all other countries around the world to strengthen technology communication and meet the diverse demands of users around the world.
97 the birthplace of BDS technology, Hunan province boosts more than 80 percent of core technologies in the industry. And 98 province has 518 enterprises related to BDS with a total production value reaching 38 billion yuan and aims 99 (increase) the scale of its BDS industry to 100 billion yuan in the next three years. It is confident that it will make breakthroughs in new technology, promote the cooperation between institutes, universities and enterprises 100 improve the research and manufacturing capability of BDS.
【答案】
91．sharing 92．systems 93．has served 94．energy 95．offered 96．deepen 97．As 98．the 99．to increase 100．and
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。第二届北斗应用国际峰会于10月26日至28日在湖南株洲举行，共举办了13场专题活动，分享前沿技术、对接高端资源、推动优质项目。文章对此进行了详细报道。
91．考查现在分词。句意：第二届北斗应用国际峰会于10月26日至28日在湖南株洲举行，共举办了13场专题活动，分享前沿技术、对接高端资源、推动优质项目。动词share意为“分享”，和系动词之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填sharing。
92．考查名词复数。句意：北斗卫星导航系统已与美国的GPs、俄罗斯的GLONASs和欧盟的伽利略系统一起，成为联合国认可的四大全球卫星导航系统之一。system意为“系统”，为可数名词，在four后应用复数形式。故填systems。
93．考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：多年来为全球200多个国家和地区的用户提供服务。根据“over the past years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语it为第三人称单数。故填has served。
94．考查名词。句意：北斗应用扩展迅速，已为能源、电信等20多个行业提供服务。在介词as后作宾语应用名词energy表示“能源”。故填energy。
95．考查过去分词。句意：北斗系统是中国提供的公共服务产品，中国愿同世界各国深化北斗应用合作，加强技术交流，满足世界用户的多样化需求。动词offer意为“提供”，和系动词之间没有连词，根据“by China”可知，与其逻辑主语product构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填offered。
96．考查动词和动词不定式。句意：北斗系统是中国提供的公共服务产品，中国愿同世界各国深化北斗应用合作，加强技术交流，满足世界用户的多样化需求。be willing to do意为“愿意做某事”，所以此处应用to do不定式，动词deepen意为“深化”。故填deepen。
97．考查介词。句意：作为北斗技术的发源地，湖南省拥有该行业80%以上的核心技术。根据“Hunan province boosts more than 80 percent of core technologies in the industry”可知，此处是指作为北斗技术的发源地，所以应用介词as表示“作为”。句首首字母应大写。故填As。
98．考查冠词。句意：全省现有北斗相关企业518家，总产值达380亿元，未来3年力争北斗产业规模达到1000亿元。根据前文“Hunan province boosts more than 80 percent of core technologies in the industry”可知，此处特指前文中提到的湖南省，所以应用定冠词the。故填the。
99．考查动词不定式。句意：全省现有北斗相关企业518家，总产值达380亿元，未来3年力争北斗产业规模达到1000亿元。aim to do意为“旨在做某事”，所以此处应用to do不定式。故填to increase。
100．考查连词。句意：我们有信心在新技术方面取得突破，推动科研院所、高校和企业之间的合作，提高北斗系统的研发能力。“make breakthroughs in new technology, promote the cooperation between institutes, universities and enterprises”和“improve the research and manufacturing capability of BDS”构成并列关系，所以此处应用连词and。故填and。
（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Warring States Period Qintripod-shaped bronze lamp 101 (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang, Gansu province, 102 important part of the Silk Road. The lamp is now on display in the Gansu Provincial Museum because of its unique scientific and 103 (history) value.
The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 104 (close). It is in the shape of a tripod with three legs at the bottom, two duck-head-like ears 105 (face) each other on either side of the cap, keys on the tops of the ears, and an iron pillar in the middle.
106 (open) the lamp, first turn the cap so 107 the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys, then close the tops of the double keys, and 108 (use) a “herringbone” shaped bracket to support the round tripod cover. The lamp panel will become a copper fuel lamp with a height of 30.2 cm.
When not 109 use, press down the double keys, rotate the double duck head between the lids to lock them tightly, and close the tripod lid. Due to the exquisite design and craftsmanship once closed, the seal is tight and the lamp oil stored in the tripod body will not leak out. It is rare that there is still muddy lamp oil in the tripod of a bronze lamp that is more than 2, 000 years old.
This 110 (seem) simple lamp not only has practical value, but also provides clues for historians to study the Silk Road. With digitization empowering museums, visitors can now interact with this treasure through an electronic touch screen.
【答案】
101．was unearthed 102．an 103．historic 104．closed 105．facing 106．To open 107．that 108．use 109．in 110．seemingly
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了战国时期秦三脚架形青铜灯的构造，工作原理和它的历史与文化价值，它体现了古代中国人民的智慧。
101．考查动词时态和语态。句意：战国时期泰三脚架形青铜灯于1974年在甘肃平凉出土，甘肃平凉是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。unearth是及物动词，它和lamp为被动关系，再由时间状语“in 1974”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语lamp 是单数，故填was unearthed。
102．考查冠词。句意：战国时期泰三脚架形青铜灯于1974年在甘肃平凉出土，甘肃平凉是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，设空处及之后为同位语成分，part前有important修饰，part为可数名词，important是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an，故填an。
103．考查形容词。句意：由于其独特的科学和历史价值，青铜灯现陈列在甘肃省博物馆。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词value，需要的词义为“有历史意义的”，即historic，故填historic。
104．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当灯关闭时，该灯的直径为11. 3厘米，高度为16. 7厘米。when引导状语从句，其完整结构是“when it is closed”，该句省略了“it is”，it指“the lamp”，它和close为被动关系，用过去分词，故填closed。
105．考查现在分词。句意：它的形状是一个三脚架，底部有三条腿，在帽子的两侧有两个鸭头状相对的耳朵，钥匙在耳朵的顶部，中间有一根铁柱。分析句子结构可知，ears跟face在逻辑上为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
106．考查动词不定式。句意：要打开灯，首先转动盖子，以便灯盖上的两个鸭头远离双键，然后关闭双键的顶部，使用一个“人字形”支架来支撑圆形三脚架盖。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了打开”，空格位于句首，故填To open。
107．考查连词。句意：要打开灯，首先转动盖子，以便灯盖上的两个鸭头远离双键，然后关闭双键的顶部，使用一个“人字形”支架来支撑圆形三脚架盖。分析句子结构可知，设空处后面的“the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys”为目的状语从句，则填that构成“so that”来引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”，故填that。
108．考查祈使句。句意：要打开灯，首先转动盖子，以便灯盖上的两个鸭头远离双键，然后关闭双键的顶部，使用一个“人字形”支架来支撑圆形三脚架盖。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在部分为“祈使句”，应用动词原形开头，它与前面的face和close并列，故填use。
109．考查固定短语。句意：当不使用时，按下双键，在盖子之间旋转双鸭盖以锁紧它们，并关闭三脚架盖。固定短语in use：在使用中，故填in。
110．考查副词。句意：这貌似简单的灯不仅具有实用价值，而且为历史学家研究丝绸之路提供了线索。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用副词作状语修饰simple，需要的词义为“看似，表面上”，即seemingly，故填seemingly。
（23-24高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese comedienne and actress Jia Ling recently revealed that she was losing weight for 111 upcoming role during her gap time.
Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms for her new movie YOLO. From the exposed photos, Jia Ling looks like a 112 (whole) different person. In the early teasers for YOLO, audience caught glimpses of Jia Ling’s dedication 113 her role as a boxer. However, it wasn’t until the movie’s release 114 viewers truly got to witness the extent of her transformation. Her 115 (define) abdominal (腹部的) muscles are clear and beautiful, making it hard to imagine that this is the same Jia Ling we once 116 (know).
117 (slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can’t be achieved overnight. She thought if you can’t bear the pain of discipline, you will have to accept the mediocrity (平庸) of yourself. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined 118 (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. Her path to success has been filled with hardships and challenges, 119 she has never given up on her demands and pursuits for herself.
She shows us through her actions that regardless of the circumstances, as long as you have determination and 120 (perseverant), you can definitely achieve success. She not only brings us laughter and touches our hearts but also conveys a positive and uplifting energy.
【答案】
111．an 112．wholly 113．to 114．that 115．defined 116．knew 117．Slimming 118．to exchange 119．but 120．perseverance
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要中国喜剧演员兼女演员贾玲为了新电影《热辣滚烫》减肥的事情，说明了她用自己的行动告诉我们，无论在什么情况下，只要你有决心和毅力，你一定能取得成功。
111．考查冠词。句意：中国喜剧演员兼女演员贾玲最近透露，她在空档期为即将到来的一个角色减肥。此处role为泛指，且upcoming是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
112．考查副词。句意：从曝光的照片来看，贾玲看起来完全是另一个人。修饰形容词different应用副词wholly，故填wholly。
113．考查介词。句意：在《热辣滚烫》的早期预告片中，观众们瞥见了贾玲对拳击手角色的投入。短语dedication to表示“对……的投入”。故填to。
114．考查固定句型。句意：然而，直到电影上映，观众才真正见证了她的转变程度。此处为强调句型It wasn’t until…that…表示“直到……才……”强调not...until引导的时间状语。故填that。
115．考查形容词。句意：她的腹肌清晰而美丽，让人很难想象这是我们曾经认识的贾玲。修饰名词muscles应用形容词defined，故填defined。
116．考查时态。句意：她的腹肌清晰而美丽，让人很难想象这是我们曾经认识的贾玲。根据上文once可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填knew。
117．考查非谓语动词。句意：从100公斤减到50公斤不可能一蹴而就。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Slimming。
118．考查非谓语动词。句意：她不甘平庸，选择挑战自我，决心用汗水和努力换来今天的华丽蜕变。短语be determined to do sth.表示“决心做某事”。故填to exchange。
119．考查连词。句意：她的成功之路充满了艰辛和挑战，但她从未放弃对自己的要求和追求。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
120．考查名词。句意：她用自己的行动告诉我们，无论在什么情况下，只要你有决心和毅力，你一定能取得成功。作动词的宾语，应用名词perseverance，不可数。故填perseverance。
（2024·湖南张家界·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The high-profile China-Laos Railway opened to international passengers on Thursday, showing how the Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is a win-win situation. The D887 train, 121 （depart）from Kunming, Yunnan province, at 8: 08 am and arrived at Vientiane, capital of Laos, at 6: 38 pm.
It is the first international cross-border passenger train service that China has put into operation since the COVID-19 pandemic. "The service not only 122 （far） facilitates the flow of people and trade between: China and Laos, 123 promotes the recovery of tourism and other 124 （industry）, and brings vitality to the development between these two countries." said Wang Wenbin, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at a news conference on Thursday, "It is a model project of China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries working on the BRI and promoting 125 （region） economic integration. "
According to a World Bank estimate, the gross domestic product in Laos will be increased 126 21 percent as a result of the construction and operation of the China-Laos Railway. 127 will also create more jobs for Lao people.
This year 128 （mark） the tenth anniversary of the BRI. 129 （promote） the initiative, China will continue to cooperate with ASEAN members, 130 （benefit） two billion people in the region.
【答案】
121．departed 122．further 123．but 124．industries 125．regional 126．by 127．which 128．marks 129．To promote 130．benefiting
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国与老挝之间的高铁服务正式开通国际客运的消息，并强调了这一事件对于推动“一带一路”倡议和区域经济一体化的重要性。
121．考查时态。句意：D887次列车于上午8点08分从云南昆明出发，于下午6点38分抵达老挝首都万象。考查本句谓语动词，根据下文的并列谓语“arrived at Vientiane”以及时间状语可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填departed。
122．考查副词。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”修饰动词“facilitates”用副词形式，意为“进一步”。故填further。
123．考查固定搭配。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”固定搭配：not only…but(also)…，意为“不但……而且……”，符合句意。故填but。
124．
考查名词的数。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”根据空前的“other”以及句意可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填industries。
125．考查形容词。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的“economic integration”。故填regional。
126．考查固定搭配。句意：据世界银行估计，中老铁路的建设和运营将使老挝国内生产总值增长了21%，也将为老挝人民创造更多就业机会。固定搭配：increase by，意为“增长了……”，符合句意。故填by。
127．考查定语从句。句意：据世界银行估计，中老铁路的建设和运营将使老挝国内生产总值增长21%，也将为老挝人民创造更多就业机会。这里为定语从句的关系词，代指主句一句话，在从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
128．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今年是“一带一路”倡议提出10周年。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间以及上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“this year”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填marks。
129．考查非谓语动词。句意：为推进“一带一路”建设，中国将继续同东盟国家开展合作，惠及本地区20亿人民。非谓语动词担当目的状语，表示“为了……”，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填To promote。
130．考查非谓语动词。句意：为推进“一带一路”建设，中国将继续同东盟国家开展合作，惠及本地区20亿人民。非谓语动词担当结果状语，指的是主句一句话所带来的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填benefiting。
（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in 131 (it) history. There are many reasons why this has been possible. but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the 132 (begin), written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu animal bones and shells on which symbols 133 (carve) by ancient Chinese people.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 134 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years. the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided 135 (geographical), leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of 136 Qin Dynasty.
Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven major states into one 137 (unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. Today, no matter where Chinese people live or 138 dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means 139 which China’s present is connected with its past. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen as an art form. 140 (know) as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
【答案】
131．its 132．beginning 133．were carved 134．had become 135．geographically 136．the 137．united 138．what/whatever 139．by 140．known
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国汉字的起源和发展。
131．考查代词。句意：中国古代文明虽历经沧桑，但始终延续至今。修饰名词history应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
132．考查名词。句意：起初，书面语是一种以图画为基础的语言。短语at the beginning表示“起初”。故填beginning。
133．考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前，古代中国人使用龙骨和动物的骨头和贝壳雕刻符号。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为symbols，谓语用复数。故填were carved。
134．考查时态。句意：到商代，这些符号已经成为一种发达的文字系统。此处by+过去时间，主句用过去完成时。故填had become。
135．考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多种类的方言和汉字。修饰动词divide应用副词geographically，故填geographically。
136．考查冠词。句意：然而，这种情况在秦始皇时期发生了变化。当朝代是独一无二、特别强调或与特定事件、地点或人物相关时，通常需要加“the”。故填the。
137．考查形容词。句意：秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。修饰名词country应用形容词united。故填united。
138．考查状语从句。句意：今天，不管中国人住在哪里，也不管他们说什么方言，他们都可以用文字交流。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“什么”或“无论什么”，应用what或whatever。故填what/whatever。
139．考查介词。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。此处表示“借助某种方式或手段”应用介词by。故填by。
140．考查非谓语动词。句意：对中国书写系统的高度重视可以被视为一种被称为中国书法的艺术形式，它已成为中国文化的重要组成部分。短语be known as表示“被称为”，过去分词作定语。故填known。
（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For centuries bees, among the 141 (hard) working creatures on the planet, have benefited people, plants and the environment.
Under the theme “Bee engaged in pollinator-friendly agricultural production”, World Bee Day 2023 calls for global 142 (act) to support pollinator-friendly agricultural production and highlights the importance of preserving bees and other pollinators (传粉者), 143 (particular) through evidence-based agricultural production practices.
The global World Bee Day ceremony, 144 was held in hybrid format at the FAO headquarters on Friday, 19 May, is 145 opportunity to raise awareness of the importance of adopting pollinator-friendly agricultural production practices 146 (protect) bees and other pollinators, while contributing to the resilience, sustainability and efficiency of agrifood systems.
By 147 (observe) World Bee Day each year, we can raise awareness on the essential role bees and other pollinators play in keeping people and the planet 148 (health) and on the many challenges they face today. We 149 (celebrate) this day ever since 2018, thanks to the efforts of the Government of Slovenia with the support of Apimondia, which led the UN General Assembly to declare 20 May 150 World Bee Day.
【答案】
141．hardest 142．action 143．particularly 144．which 145．an 146．to protect 147．observing 148．healthy 149．have been celebrating 150．as
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2023世界蜜蜂日以及设立该节日的重大意义。
141．考查形容词最高级。句意：几个世纪以来，蜜蜂作为地球上工作最努力的生物之一，造福于人类、植物和环境。结合语意以及空前的the可知，此处表示“工作最努力的生物”，所以空处应用形容词的最高级形式hardest作定语，修饰名词creatures。故填hardest。
142．考查名词。句意：在“蜜蜂参与有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产”的主题下，2023年世界蜜蜂日呼吁全球采取行动支持有利于传粉动物的农业生产，并强调保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫的重要性，特别是通过循证农业生产实践。空处用于形容词global之后，作介词for的宾语，应用名词action，符合题意。故填action。
143．考查副词。句意：在“蜜蜂参与有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产”的主题下，2023年世界蜜蜂日呼吁全球采取行动支持有利于传粉动物的农业生产，并强调保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫的重要性，特别是通过循证农业生产实践。空处修饰后边的介词短语，应用副词形式particularly作状语。故填particularly。
144．考查定语从句。句意：5月19日星期五在粮农组织总部以混合形式举行的全球世界蜜蜂日仪式是一个提高人们对采用有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产做法保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫的重要性的认识的机会，同时有助于提高农业食品系统的复原力、可持续性和效率。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The global World Bee Day ceremony，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
145．考查冠词。句意：5月19日星期五在粮农组织总部以混合形式举行的全球世界蜜蜂日仪式是一个提高人们对采用有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产做法保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫的重要性的认识的机会，同时有助于提高农业食品系统的复原力、可持续性和效率。结合语意可知，此处泛指一个机会，空处应用不定冠词，且opportunity是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。
146．考查非谓语动词。句意：5月19日星期五在粮农组织总部以混合形式举行的全球世界蜜蜂日仪式是一个提高人们对采用有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产做法保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫的重要性的认识的机会，同时有助于提高农业食品系统的复原力、可持续性和效率。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意可知，采用有利于传粉昆虫的农业生产做法，是为了保护蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to protect。
147．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过每年庆祝世界蜜蜂日，我们可以提高人们对蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫在保持人类和地球健康方面发挥的重要作用以及它们今天面临的许多挑战的认识。空处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式observing。故填observing。
148．考查形容词。句意：通过每年庆祝世界蜜蜂日，我们可以提高人们对蜜蜂和其他传粉昆虫在保持人类和地球健康方面发挥的重要作用以及它们今天面临的许多挑战的认识。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语补足语，应用形容词healthy补充说明people and the planet的状态，符合题意。故填healthy。
149．考查时态。句意：自2018年以来，我们一直在庆祝这一天，这要归功于斯洛文尼亚政府在阿皮蒙迪亚的支持下所做的努力，这导致联合国大会宣布5月20日为世界蜜蜂日。根据时间状语since 2018可知，句子表示动作从过去持续到现在，且强调celebrate这一动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是We，谓语动词应用have been celebrating。故填have been celebrating。
150．考查介词。句意：自2018年以来，我们一直在庆祝这一天，这要归功于斯洛文尼亚政府在阿皮蒙迪亚的支持下所做的努力，这导致联合国大会宣布5月20日为世界蜜蜂日。declare...as...表示“宣布……作为／成为……”，所以空处应用介词as，符合题意。故填as。
（23-24高三下·湖南邵阳·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This Is Life, a documentary film, is set to grace the nation’s big screens on Jan. 13. The film features more than 800 short videos 151 (shoot) by 509 ordinary people from all 152 (walk) of life, especially manual laborers and farmers. The videos 153 (select) by the production crew over the course of a year from 154 total of more than 50,000 video clips (片段).
By gathering the short video footage, the film engages ordinary people in its creation and presents their authentic life experience, 155 (allow) those who are often inadequately represented in mainstream cinemas to take center stage.
According to the film’s director Sun Hong, by gathering, selecting 156 compiling (编辑) video clips from a vast database, the film presents how people record their own lives, which possesses a power of authenticity even 157 (great) than traditional documentaries.
In the film, the audience will see construction workers working out on the construction site during their spare time, fishermen talking to their cormorants and teasing their greediness for fish, or boatmen celebrating a rare day 158 they could use tap water.
“It is our creative effort, as documentary filmmakers, 159 (present) an authentic facet of China, highlighting how each individual establishes themselves in a 160 (rapid) developing society,” says Sun.
【答案】
151．shot 152．walks 153．were selected 154．a 155．allowing 156．and 157．greater 158．when 159．to present 160．rapidly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由短视频素材剪辑而成的纪录片《烟火人间》，包括其呈现的主题、创作的过程、创作的意图、特定的场景等信息。
151．考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影包含了509个来自各行各业的普通人拍摄的800多个短视频，尤其是体力劳动者和农民。分析句子可知，空处作videos的后置定语，是非谓语动词，shoot“拍摄”和videos逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，应用shoot的过去分词形式。故填shot。
152．考查名词的数。句意：这部电影包含了509个来自各行各业的普通人拍摄的800多个短视频，尤其是体力劳动者和农民。根据空前的“all”可知，此处指“各行各业”，walk需用复数形式。故填walks。
153．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些视频是制作团队在一年多的时间里从总计5万多段视频片段中挑选出来的。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语over the course of a year可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，select“挑选”和主语The videos之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were selected。
154．考查固定短语。句意：这些视频是制作团队在一年多的时间里从总计5万多段视频片段中挑选出来的。根据“total of more than 50,000 video clips”可知，此处用固定短语a total of表示“总共，总计”，用于引出总数。故填a。
155．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过收集短视频片段，电影让普通人参与创作，呈现他们真实的生活体验，让那些在主流影院中往往得不到充分体现的人走上舞台中心。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用allow的现在分词形式。故填allowing。
156．考查连词。句意：据该片导演孙虹介绍，通过从庞大的数据库中收集、选择和编辑视频片段，这部电影呈现了人们如何记录自己的生活，这比传统纪录片具有更大的真实性。分析句子可知，空处连接动名词gathering、selecting和compiling，三者之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
157．考查形容词比较级。句意：据该片导演孙虹介绍，通过从庞大的数据库中收集、选择和编辑视频片段，这部电影呈现了人们如何记录自己的生活，这比传统纪录片具有更大的真实性。根据空后的“than”可知，此处是在作比较，空处应用great的比较级形式。故填greater。
158．考查定语从句。句意：在影片中，观众将看到建筑工人在业余时间在建筑工地锻炼，渔民与鸬鹚交谈，嘲笑它们对鱼的贪婪，或者船夫庆祝他们难得可以使用自来水的日子。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词day，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。
159．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这是我们作为纪录片制片人的创造性努力，以呈现中国真实的一面，突出每个人如何在快速发展的社会中立足，”孙说。名词effort后常跟动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……的努力”。故填to present。
160．考查副词。句意：“这是我们作为纪录片制片人的创造性努力，以呈现中国真实的一面，突出每个人如何在快速发展的社会中立足，”孙说。分析句子可知，空处修饰developing，rapid的副词形式rapidly符合题意，意为“快速地”。故填rapidly。《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（湖南专用）
专题06 语法填空最新真题模拟16篇（干货+模拟）
原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用动词不定式、-ing形式或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或转化为-ing/-ed形容词。
二、填写动词时态语态和主谓一致“四看”：
一看句子明确的时间状语，如in the past three months;
二看句子特定的句型，如This is the first time that…;
三看主从句时态呼应，如状语从句考虑“主将从现”；
四看特定语境，如科普类文章多用一般现在时，故事经历类文章多用一般过去时。
三、语法填空两个重要理念：
一是同一个考点不重复考查。如谓语考查两个不同时态或同一时态不同语态；非谓语考查to do, -ing或-ed形式中1-3个；名词考查动词变名词或单数变复数；形容词考查变副词或比较等级等；介词、冠词、代词同一语篇 一般只考查一次。二是括号内所给单词一次变形。想考查副词给形容词；想考查名词给动词或形容词；想考查形容词给名词或动词；想考查名词复数给名词单数形式。
四、自由填空黄金做题思路:
一是填写介词，需要考虑空前空后与动词、名词或形容词的固定搭配或习惯用法；
二是填写冠词，考虑a和an的区别，以及定冠词和不定冠词的区别以及含冠词固定搭配；
三是填写连词，既要考虑并列句中and, or ,but的选择又要考虑名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句连接词的选择；
四是填写代词，高频词是it，还有one，another, either, neither, that等不定代词。
上述自由填空一般占3-4空，其余为给词填空。
五、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时7分钟/每篇。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, 1 UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The team 2 (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over 4 (century)on the ancient Silk Road.
Commonly 5 (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason (石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, 6 (be) able to recognize the problems and their 7 (correspond) causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, 8 formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9 fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10 (appear) in restoration.
（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its aroma in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, 11 for the beauty of tea ceremonies.
Picking tea leaves 12 (be) an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April 13 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea, widely 14 (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged as a major 15 (produce) of tea. White Tea in Huzhou city’s Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are two 16 (extreme) renowned teas in both China and abroad. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers 17 (sow) seeds on their land. In the peak seasons, many tourists go to tea farms 18 (witness) the beautiful scenery for themselves, while enjoying a freshly brewed cup of tea.
19 (tradition) tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China 20 (add) to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022.
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的的正确形式。
The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024. The UN General Assembly, in a resolution, acknowledges the 21 (significant) of the Lunar New Year and invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations to avoid 22 (hold) meetings on the Lunar New Year.
The resolution encourages the arrangement 23 (take) into account when drafting future calendars of conferences. The United Nations identifies 24 (globe) observed holidays as floating holidays and refrains from scheduling meetings 25 such occasions.
China’s deputy permanent representative to the United Nations said the Spring Festival, as a traditional Chinese holiday 26 features family reunion and good wishes for the coming year, not only 27 (bear) the idea s of the Chinese civilization of peace and harmony but becomes the common values of humanity such as 28 (harmony) family, social inclusion and sound relationship between man and nature.
The resolution serves as a showcase of the influence of Chinese civilization and aims at tolerance and interactions between diverse civilizations worldwide. 29 also reflects the values of diversity and inclusion promoted by the United Nations. The deputy added that the listing of the Spring Festival as a UN holiday 30 (welcome) among member states and staff members of the UN Secretary.
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A total of 12 areas across China have been required to innovate, protect and develop the copyright of Chinese folk cultures as a national pilot program. The pilot consists 31 four provinces, including Jiangsu and Sichuan, as well as eight cities, including Weifang and Huangshan. The program 32 (carry)out during last year’s International Copyright Forum, 33 was held in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province.
Folklore is an important treasure of Chinese civilization, so it is essential 34 (strengthen)the protection, promotion and spread of folk cultures. The move is not only a requirement for promoting the 35 (create)transformation of traditional cultures, but also a key way to enhance the country’s cultural soft power and improve 36 (it)cultural self-confidence and self-growth.
While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and 37 (clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation, 38 (apply), management and services.
At the opening ceremony, Zhang Jianchun, vice-minister of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, called for greater efforts to 39 (full)advance high-quality development and actively encourage creation through copyright. ”Copyright protection is 40 guarantee, so we’d like to increase exchanges and cooperation with the world,“ he said.
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I, as a BBC food writer, traveled China last year. Then I fell in love with hairy crab (螃蟹), which is one of 41 most prized Chinese dishes. Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting 42 late September to early October, and 43 (end) around November. Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers.
Hairy crabs’ flesh is well-known for its 44 (sweet). Also of value is the crabs’ golden roe, which is creamy and delicious. Female crabs are more prized 45 male crabs because they contain much more roe and are believed 46 (taste) sweeter.
Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 47 (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce (调味汁). They pair 48 (excellent) with huangjiu, a Chinese liquor (酒) made from fermented (发酵) grains. There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 49 (design) for specific parts. It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones.
Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones. It’s surprising 50 great hairy crabs are after you’ve removed the obstacle (障碍物) when eating them.
（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI)to monitor biodiversity and enhance efforts to protect some species from 51 (threaten). Unlike conventional methods, AI has the capacity 52 (analyze)massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 53 a rate much faster than that millions of years ago, with up to one million species on the edge of 54 (extinct). In response, the United Nations set a goal in 2020 to safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans. “Al is imperfect 55 could promote important discoveries.” says Nicolas Miailhe, Paris-based founder of the Future Society, an international non-profit organization 56 aims to better govern AI. “We badly need human practitioners to design models and interpret data. ”
Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time, AI can also be used to model the impacts of human activities on an ecosystem. Although it 57 (document) that human activities have resulted in biodiversity loss, little is known about which environmental factors have 58 (large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 59 essential role in connecting changes in biodiversity with environmental changes. ”says Luisa Orsini, who 60 (study) evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham, UK.
（2024·湖南永州·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
A skywell, or “tian jing” in Mandarin, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. 61 (expose) less to the outdoor environment, a skywell is different from a northern Chinese courtyard. Skywells are 62 (relative) common in historic residences in large areas of southern and eastern China.
In today’s rapidly urbanising China, fewer and fewer people live in skywell dwellings, 63 a revival of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells 64 (restore) for modern times. Meanwhile, some architects are drawing 65 (inspire) from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler, which is a method 66 (combine) design and technology to cool a building without the use of power.
However, there are some 67 (challenge) for bringing skywells into modern designs. The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting, ventilation (通风) and rain collection are well known, but applying these principles 68 (need) to be site-specific. Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, which were highly dependent 69 their natural surroundings. Adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be sensitive to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as 70 universal solution.
（2024·湖南邵阳·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatable Brick Beds Warm NE China Homes
In northeast China’s chilly winter, getting into a warm bed is made possible by an ancient heatable brick bed that could date back more than two thousand years 71 is still widely used today. These beds not only bring warmth to local residents, but also continue the folk culture of northeast China.
The bed is made of bricks or other forms of fired clay with 72 width of about1.7 m to 2.3 m and a length that can be determined according to the length of the bedroom. It uses a ducted heating system similar to the Roman hypocaust, 73 (compose) of a stove, a bed and a chimney. The stove 74 (use) to burn firewood. Smoke and heat generated by burning firewood pass through an internal hollow and curved flue system to heat the bed above. Smoke is eventually discharged outward through the chimney. The bed retains heat well, 75 enables people 76 (have) a comfortable sleeping environment in the cold winter. In addition, 77 (sleep) on the heatable brick bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood 78 (circulate) and metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis and waist and leg pain.
The heatable brick bed is not only used as a bed, but also a living area for the family. People 79 (routine) have their meals and family 80 (gathering) on the bed in cold winters. The bed is a symbol of home that embodies the emotion and love they feel towards their families.
（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。
Wei Chunrong has built a reputation as a leading actress of Kunqu Opera, 81 oldest traditional Chinese opera with a history of about 600 years, which, performed in the Suzhou dialect, 82 (know) for graceful body movements, rhythmic singing and exquisite costumes.
She started learning at 10 and 83 (perform) with the Northern Kunqu Opera Theatre since she was 16. Wei performed at UNESCO headquarters in Paris in 2001 84 the organization listed it as one of the masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity (人类口头和非物质遗产). Now in her 50s, Wei has found a new role. In the 85 (origin) Kunqu Opera production, titled Guo Feng, Wei plays the role of Lady Xu Mu,who was the first female poet 86 (record) in Chinese history.
“I played different roles during the past four decades. For Lady Xu Mu, I have to put aside all my experiences and start afresh 87 (comprehend) and perform the role,” said Wei, 88 (sit) in the dressing room of Tianqiao Theatre a day before the show started on June 19.
“The role, Lady Xu Mu, was written for Wei Chunrong 89 particular. Though she has played many classic roles, she needs one which could represent her 90 (specific) and take her career to the next level,” says Luo, the playwright (剧作家).
（2024·湖南株洲·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Second International Summit on BDS Applications was held in Zhuzhou, Hunan province from October 26 to 28 with 13 special activities 91 (share) cutting-edge technologies, linking high-end resources and promoting high-quality projects.
BDS, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, has become one of the four global satellite navigation 92 (system) recognized by the UN, along with the United States’ GPs, Russia’s GLONASs and the European Union’s Galileo. It 93 (serve) users in more than 200 countries and regions worldwide over the past years.
The application of BDs expands fast, and it has provided service for more than 20 industries such as 94 (energetic) and telecommunication. BDS is a public service product 95 (offer) by China, and the country is willing to 96 (deep) cooperation in BDS application with all other countries around the world to strengthen technology communication and meet the diverse demands of users around the world.
97 the birthplace of BDS technology, Hunan province boosts more than 80 percent of core technologies in the industry. And 98 province has 518 enterprises related to BDS with a total production value reaching 38 billion yuan and aims 99 (increase) the scale of its BDS industry to 100 billion yuan in the next three years. It is confident that it will make breakthroughs in new technology, promote the cooperation between institutes, universities and enterprises 100 improve the research and manufacturing capability of BDS.
（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Warring States Period Qintripod-shaped bronze lamp 101 (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang, Gansu province, 102 important part of the Silk Road. The lamp is now on display in the Gansu Provincial Museum because of its unique scientific and 103 (history) value.
The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 104 (close). It is in the shape of a tripod with three legs at the bottom, two duck-head-like ears 105 (face) each other on either side of the cap, keys on the tops of the ears, and an iron pillar in the middle.
106 (open) the lamp, first turn the cap so 107 the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys, then close the tops of the double keys, and 108 (use) a “herringbone” shaped bracket to support the round tripod cover. The lamp panel will become a copper fuel lamp with a height of 30.2 cm.
When not 109 use, press down the double keys, rotate the double duck head between the lids to lock them tightly, and close the tripod lid. Due to the exquisite design and craftsmanship once closed, the seal is tight and the lamp oil stored in the tripod body will not leak out. It is rare that there is still muddy lamp oil in the tripod of a bronze lamp that is more than 2, 000 years old.
This 110 (seem) simple lamp not only has practical value, but also provides clues for historians to study the Silk Road. With digitization empowering museums, visitors can now interact with this treasure through an electronic touch screen.
（23-24高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese comedienne and actress Jia Ling recently revealed that she was losing weight for 111 upcoming role during her gap time.
Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms for her new movie YOLO. From the exposed photos, Jia Ling looks like a 112 (whole) different person. In the early teasers for YOLO, audience caught glimpses of Jia Ling’s dedication 113 her role as a boxer. However, it wasn’t until the movie’s release 114 viewers truly got to witness the extent of her transformation. Her 115 (define) abdominal (腹部的) muscles are clear and beautiful, making it hard to imagine that this is the same Jia Ling we once 116 (know).
117 (slim) down from 100 kg to 50 kg can’t be achieved overnight. She thought if you can’t bear the pain of discipline, you will have to accept the mediocrity (平庸) of yourself. She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined 118 (exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. Her path to success has been filled with hardships and challenges, 119 she has never given up on her demands and pursuits for herself.
She shows us through her actions that regardless of the circumstances, as long as you have determination and 120 (perseverant), you can definitely achieve success. She not only brings us laughter and touches our hearts but also conveys a positive and uplifting energy.
（2024·湖南张家界·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The high-profile China-Laos Railway opened to international passengers on Thursday, showing how the Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is a win-win situation. The D887 train, 121 （depart）from Kunming, Yunnan province, at 8: 08 am and arrived at Vientiane, capital of Laos, at 6: 38 pm.
It is the first international cross-border passenger train service that China has put into operation since the COVID-19 pandemic. "The service not only 122 （far） facilitates the flow of people and trade between: China and Laos, 123 promotes the recovery of tourism and other 124 （industry）, and brings vitality to the development between these two countries." said Wang Wenbin, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at a news conference on Thursday, "It is a model project of China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries working on the BRI and promoting 125 （region） economic integration. "
According to a World Bank estimate, the gross domestic product in Laos will be increased 126 21 percent as a result of the construction and operation of the China-Laos Railway. 127 will also create more jobs for Lao people.
This year 128 （mark） the tenth anniversary of the BRI. 129 （promote） the initiative, China will continue to cooperate with ASEAN members, 130 （benefit） two billion people in the region.
（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in 131 (it) history. There are many reasons why this has been possible. but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the 132 (begin), written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu animal bones and shells on which symbols 133 (carve) by ancient Chinese people.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 134 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years. the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided 135 (geographical), leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of 136 Qin Dynasty.
Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven major states into one 137 (unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. Today, no matter where Chinese people live or 138 dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means 139 which China’s present is connected with its past. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen as an art form. 140 (know) as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For centuries bees, among the 141 (hard) working creatures on the planet, have benefited people, plants and the environment.
Under the theme “Bee engaged in pollinator-friendly agricultural production”, World Bee Day 2023 calls for global 142 (act) to support pollinator-friendly agricultural production and highlights the importance of preserving bees and other pollinators (传粉者), 143 (particular) through evidence-based agricultural production practices.
The global World Bee Day ceremony, 144 was held in hybrid format at the FAO headquarters on Friday, 19 May, is 145 opportunity to raise awareness of the importance of adopting pollinator-friendly agricultural production practices 146 (protect) bees and other pollinators, while contributing to the resilience, sustainability and efficiency of agrifood systems.
By 147 (observe) World Bee Day each year, we can raise awareness on the essential role bees and other pollinators play in keeping people and the planet 148 (health) and on the many challenges they face today. We 149 (celebrate) this day ever since 2018, thanks to the efforts of the Government of Slovenia with the support of Apimondia, which led the UN General Assembly to declare 20 May 150 World Bee Day.
（23-24高三下·湖南邵阳·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This Is Life, a documentary film, is set to grace the nation’s big screens on Jan. 13. The film features more than 800 short videos 151 (shoot) by 509 ordinary people from all 152 (walk) of life, especially manual laborers and farmers. The videos 153 (select) by the production crew over the course of a year from 154 total of more than 50,000 video clips (片段).
By gathering the short video footage, the film engages ordinary people in its creation and presents their authentic life experience, 155 (allow) those who are often inadequately represented in mainstream cinemas to take center stage.
According to the film’s director Sun Hong, by gathering, selecting 156 compiling (编辑) video clips from a vast database, the film presents how people record their own lives, which possesses a power of authenticity even 157 (great) than traditional documentaries.
In the film, the audience will see construction workers working out on the construction site during their spare time, fishermen talking to their cormorants and teasing their greediness for fish, or boatmen celebrating a rare day 158 they could use tap water.
“It is our creative effort, as documentary filmmakers, 159 (present) an authentic facet of China, highlighting how each individual establishes themselves in a 160 (rapid) developing society,” says Sun.

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