资源简介 There be 句型There be句型表“存在”,是小学、初中英语学习中的重要内容,表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。基本结构:There be +某物/某人 +某地/某时.与have的区别:如果表达某人/某物有什么,要用have/has,主语一般是人,也可以是物,强调所属关系,表“拥有”。主谓一致:be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is,复数areThere is a table in the room.房间里有一张桌子。There are some birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。就近原则:当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与它最近的那个名词在“人称、数”上一致。There is a girl and two boys under the tree.树下有一个女孩,两个男孩。There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。特别注意:如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数be形式。There is five hundred dollars to pay.要付五百美元。There is still another 20 miles to drive.还有20英里的车程。There is duck and green vegetables for supper.晚餐有鸭子和绿色蔬菜。There be句型基本结构“There be +某物/某人+某地/某时”,此结构表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。句中的there是引导词,没有词义;be是句子的谓语动词;“某物/某人”是句子的主语;因此这个句式其实是一个倒装句。(即:谓语或者谓语的一部分提到主语前面的句式。)I am a student. (普通语序的句子)我是一个学生。There is a student in the classroom. (There be句型)教室里有一个学生。1)There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.There is a ruler on the desk. (on the desk是地点状语)书桌上有一把尺。There's a meeting today.(today是时间状语)今天有个会议。2)There are+复数可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.There are some apples on the tree.树上有一些苹果。3)There is+不可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.There is some water in the bottle. (水是不可数名词,即使有some,be动词也是单数。)瓶子里有一些水。There be否定句There be句型的否定:在be后面加not或no即可。1)在口语中经常用缩略形式:there isn't;there aren'tThere isn't a ruler on the table.桌子上没有尺子。2)这里not是副词,而no为形容词,not a/an/any+n. = no+n.There aren't any apples on the tree.=There are no apples on the tree.树上没有苹果。3)肯定句改否定句,句中如果出现some改成any,出现something改成anything(改一般疑问句也一样)There is something new in today's newspaper.(改否定句)→There isn't anything new in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。There be一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句:把be动词调整到句首,句尾加上问号即可。1)肯定句改一般疑问句:当肯定句中有some改成any,有something改成anything。There are some apples on the tree.(改一般疑问句句)→Are there any apples on the tree 树上有苹果吗?There is something new in today's newspaper.→Is there anything new in today's newspaper 今天的报纸上有什么新消息吗?2)there be句型的回答:肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't.There be特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句:提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:1)对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“Who”提问;当主语是物时,用“What”。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时根据实际情况来决定。There are many things over there.(改特殊疑问句)→What's over there 那边是什么?There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room 谁在房间里?2)对地点提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。There is a computer on the desk.(改特殊疑问句)→Where is the computer?电脑在哪里?3)对数量提问:1. How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语?2. How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语?There are two chairs in the bedroom.(改特殊疑问句)→How many chairs are there in the bedroom 卧室里有多少把椅子?There is some money in my purse.→How much money is there in your purse 你的钱包里有多少钱?There be反义疑问句There be句型的反义疑问句 :陈述句部分+疑问句部分(…there) 反义疑问句主要有以下两种:陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句 (前肯后否,疑问部分not一定要缩写)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句 (前否后肯,答语yes译成不,no译成是的)1)一般是以be作为反义疑问部分的助动词来用,陈述句部分+be(not) there There is no juice left in the bottle, is there 瓶子里已经没有果汁了,是吗?There are some books on the table, aren't there 桌子上有一些书,不是吗?2)若be有其他情态动词或(半)助动词修饰,就用该情态动词或(半)助动词的适当形式。( 这里there be句型有used to修饰,它的反意疑问句有两种做法:didn't或usedn't。)There will be a new hospital nearby, won't there 附近要建一家新医院,不是吗 There used to be no school here, used there/did there 这里以前没有学校,是吗?3)如果句中有否定词或者是半否定词,如no, nothing, nobody, few, little, hardly, seldom等,那么它的反意疑问部分就要用肯定形式;如果句型中带有否定的前缀词,要看成肯定形式,反意疑问部分仍然要用否定形式。There is little milk in the bottle, is there 瓶里没有牛奶了,是吗 There was an unusual bike under the tree,wasn't there 树下有一辆不寻常的自行车,不是吗 There be反义疑问句回答:肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't.1)对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。There is a book in his bag, isn't there 他的包里有一本书,不是吗?Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 是的,有。/ 不,没有。2)要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,答语“yes”翻译成“不”,“no”翻译成“是的”。There isn't a book in his bag, is there 他的包里没有一本书,是吗?Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 不,有。/ 是的,没有。There be时态There be句型时态:由其中的谓语动词be来体现,它有多种时态形式。常用:一般现在时:there is/are;一般过去时:there was/were;一般将来时:there is/are going to be或there will be;现在完成时:there have/has been。扩展:过去完成时:There had been;过去将来时:There was/were going to be或There would be;将来完成时:There will have been;过去将来完成时:There would have been。1)一般现在时There is a beautiful girl in the garden.花园里有一个漂亮的女孩。2)一般过去时There was a little cat in the yard yesterday.昨天院子里有一只小猫。3)一般将来时There will be rain tomorrow.明天会下雨。There is going to be a football match in our school next week.下周我们学校将有一场足球赛。4)现在完成时There have been many such accidents.发生过很多这样的事故。5)过去完成时There had been someone in our room just now.刚才有人在我们的房间里。6)过去将来时She said there was going to be a concert next Sunday.她说下星期天有一场音乐会。There would be endless rows if I was at home.如果我在家会有吵不完的架。7)将来完成时There will have been a definite result before Friday.星期五之前会有一个确定的结果。8)过去将来完成时There would have been a banquet yesterday.昨天本来会有宴会的。There be与have的区别There be与have的区别:There be表存在关系“某地/某时存在什么”;have表所属关系“某人/某物有什么”细分区别:1)所指关系不同there be句型表示某个时间或某个地方“存在”某人或某物,一般指空间上的存在;而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物。have表示“有”的时候,主语一般是人。There is a schoolbag on the table.桌子上有一个书包。I have a schoolbag.我有一个书包。2)句中位置不同there be通常放于句首,而have在句中。3)陈述句结构不同there be句型为“There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”;have句型为“某人/某物+have/has+其他”。(用is/are或者have/has取决于句子的主语)There are some books in the schoolbag.书包里有一些书。The boy has some books.这个男孩有一些书。4)疑问与否定句结构不同there be的疑问句只需把be提前,否定句在be后加not;而have/has的疑问与否定句,需要助动词do/does,疑问句结构为“Do/Does+主语+have+其他”,否定结构为“主语+don't/doesn't+have+其他”。Is there a schoolbag on the table (一般疑问句)There is not a schoolbag on the table.(否定句)Do you have a schoolbag (一般疑问句)I don't have a schoolbag.(否定句)5)have还可以表示吃,there be没有吃的含义I have breakfast at seven every day.我每天七点吃早餐。替换问题:1)一般情况下,在表达“有”的时候,二者不能随便替换。I have two hands. 我有两只手。(不能说:There are two hands on my body.)there be:一般表示某地有某物,指没有生命的物体有。There are many booksin the schoolbag.have/has:多用于表示有生命的人或者动物有。I have many books.2)有些情况下,there be和have是能互换使用的。1. 表示某物体在结构上“装有”“配备有”“固有”时,两者均可用。A clock has a round face.=There is a round face on a clock.钟面上有一个圆型的钟盘。Each house on the street has a small yard.=There is a small yard in each house on the street.这条街旁的每栋房子都有一座小花园。There are six windows in the classroom.=The classroom has six windows.这间教室有六扇窗。2. 当have表示“包括”时,或者说当“一句话前后两者的关系属于部分和整体的关系”时,两种表达都可以。A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.(a week包括7 days,它们是部分与整体的关系)一周有七天。3. 当 have 表示“存在”时,可以用There be替换。Our village has only one street.=There is only one street in our village.我们村里只有一条街。This country has rich resources.=There is rich resources in this country.这个国家有丰富的资源。口诀:表示“有”,分两种。there be没生命,have,has有生命。桌子板凳没生命,自然是用there be。就近原则别忘记,is、are把be替。小猫小狗有生命,have,has不离弃。只有三单用has,其他都是用have。There be的非谓语动词用法There be句型的非谓语动词形式:有there to be和there being两种形式,在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1)作主语:作主语时,一般是There being结构;当句式中有for时,一般用there to be。1. there being结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语;There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。2. there to be通常用it作形式主语,并且用for引导。It is impossible for there to be any more.(用在It be+adj. for...的结构中,只能接there to be)不可能再有了。2)作宾语:作宾语时,通常用there to be,常作expect, like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate等动词的复合宾语。1. 作宾语如果是动词宾语,要看这个动词,我们学过有些动词后面只能接动名词,比如mind, enjoy, appreciate等词后面是必须加doing的形式的,而这些动词同样适用于there being, 不能用there to be。I don't mind there being any objection to our opinion.我不介意有人反对我们的观点。2. 有些动词只能接不定式的,如want, hope, would like等,后面就接there to be。常见动词有:expect, mean, intend, want, prefer等。I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。People don't want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。3. 另外,作介词宾语时,一般用There being句式。如果是介词for,只能用there to be,其它介词用there being。The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。3)作状语:作状语时,通常用there being结构。1. there being用作副词, 在语法上叫"独立结构"。There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。They closed the door, there being no customers.因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。2. 但若置于介词for之后,则用there to be,整个介词短语作程度状语。It was too late for there to be any buses.太晚了,不会有公共汽车了。It is enough for there to be five minutes.五分钟就足够了There be其他用法1)There be后接表示人或动物的主语时,后面常接V-ing形式作定语。基本用法结构:There be+主语+doing+其他。主语与doing之间是逻辑主谓关系,doing作定语,是经常性的、状态性的、正在进行的或即将发生的点动词。There are some children playing downstairs.几个孩子在楼下玩呢。2)There be后接表示物的主语时,后面常接不定式作定语,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。基本用法结构:There be+主语+to do(=to be done)+其他。主语与to do 之间一般是逻辑动宾关系,多是将来的动作。There is a lot of work to do.=There is a lot of work to be done.有许多工作要做(工作被做)。There is no time to lose (= to be lost).没有时间可以浪费。There is nothing to see (=to be seen).没有什么可看的。There is nothing to do (=to be done).没有事可做。3)There be的中间可以用情态动词,表示“可能有或者一定有”的意思。基本用法结构:There+情态动词+be+主语+其他。there be结构可以与情态动词can/could, may/might, must, should, ought to, used to连用,此时情态动词应放在there与be之间。表肯定推测:there may/must be 可能有/肯定有表否定推测:there can't be 不可能有There may be a heavy rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有一场大雨。There must be a boy crying in your room.在你的房间里一定有一个男孩在哭。There can't be forty books in the schoolbag.书包里不可能有40本书。There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前那里曾经有一家医院。注释:used to+动词原形,表示过去常做某事,但现在不做了。(used to做情态动词)4)there be句型中的be用半系动词替代,半系动词是兼有实义动词和纯系动词特征的动词。基本用法结构:There+半系动词+主语+其他。有时根据句子中be所表达的句意需要,我们也可将there be中的动词be换为 live, remain, exist, stand, lie, come 等。Once upon a time, there lived a princess who was very beautiful.从前,有一位非常美丽的公主。There remain some problems to be solved.一些问题有待解决。There exist prospects for a young man in life.一个年青人一生中成功的可能性是存在的。There stands an old man reading the newspaper.那儿站着一位老人在看报纸。There lies a river behind the house.房子的后面有一条小河。There come two children.走过来两个小孩。5)特殊句型中的There be基本用法结构:There+特殊句型+be+主语+其他。There be句型也可以和seem to 、appear to 、be likely to 、happen to等常用句型连用。(但是一定要有be)There seem to be fewer tourists around this year.今年的游客似乎减少了。There appears to be no better way.似乎没有更好的办法了。There is likely to be a snowstorm.可能会有暴风雪。There happened to be a man walking by.恰好有一个人从旁经过。扩展句型:There be thought/said/reported to be人们认为有/据说有/据报道有There is expected to be 预计有There is considered to be 据考虑有There is believed to be 据相信有There is supposed to be 应该有eg:There is thought to be a war between in these two countries。人们认为在这两国之间有一场战争。There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer.据报道,找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。6)带no的句型搭配基本用法结构:There+be+no+其他。There is no doing(口语)不可能…;无法…There is no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有困难There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有道理/意义There is no use (in) doing sth.做某事没有用There is no good/harm (in) doing sth.做某事没有好处/坏处There is no doubt about/of sth.对什么事毫无疑问There is no hurry (to do sth.)不用急(于做某事 )There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事没有必要There is no chance/possibility to do sth.做某事没有机会/可能eg:There is no telling/saying when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。There is no sense in writing such an article.没道理写这样的一篇文章。There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。There is no good/use going there.去那儿是没有好处的。There is no need for us to give him so much money.我们根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。扩展句型:There is(was)+not +doing结构相当于It is(was) impossible to+动词原形。There is not going home. 没有回家的路。=It is impossible to go home. 回家是不可能的。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览