资源简介 Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.单词短语及重点句型重点单词 1.outgoing ['a tɡ ] adj.外向的 2.better ['bet (r)] adj.更好的;较好的;adv.更好地 3.loudly ['la dli] adv.大声地;高声地;花俏地 4.quietly ['kwa tli]adv.安静地;悄悄地;平静地 5.hard-working [hɑ d'w k ]adj.勤勉的;努力工作的 6.competition [ k mp 't n] n.竞争;比赛 7.fantastic [f n't st k] adj.极好的;了不起的 8.which [w t ]adj.哪一个;哪一些;pron.哪一个;哪些 9.clearly ['kl li] adv.清楚地;显然地 10.win [w n] v.赢;赢得;获胜;获得;n.胜利 11.though [ ]conj.虽然;尽管;adv.不过 12.talented ['t l nt d] adj.有才能的;有天赋的 13.truly ['tru li] adv.真实地;真诚地;正确地 14.care [ke (r)] v.关心;担忧;照顾;在乎 15.serious ['s ri s] adj.严肃的;严重的;庄重的 16.mirror ['m r (r)] n.镜子;反映 17.necessary ['nes s ri] adj.必要的;必然的 18.both [b θ] adj.两者都;pron.两者 19.should [ d] aux.应该;可能;应当;将要 20.touch [t t ] vt.触摸;感动 21.reach [ri t ] v.到达;伸出;达成;取得联系;延伸;(伸手)去够 22.heart [hɑ t] n.心脏;内心 23.fact [f kt] n.事实;真相;实际 24.break [bre k]v.打碎;折断;违背;解决;中断 25.laugh [lɑ f] v.发笑;笑;嘲笑;n.笑声;笑;笑料 26.similar ['s m l (r)] adj.类似的 27.share [ e (r)] vt.分享,共享;分配;共有 28.loud [la d] adj.大声的;adv.大声地;响亮地 29.primary ['pra m ri] adj.最初的,最早的 30.information [ nf 'me n]n.信息;情报;资料;通知重点短语 1.more outgoing更外向 2.as...as...与...一样... 3.the singing competition唱歌比赛 4.be similar to与...相像的/类似的 5.be the same as和...相同;与...一致 6.be different from与.....不同 7.care about关心;介意 8.look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 9.be like a mirror像一面镜子 10.the most important最重要的 11.as long as只要;既然 12.bring out使显现;使表现出 13.get better grades取得更好的成绩 14.reach for伸手取 15.in fact事实上;实际上 16.make friends交朋友 17. the other其他的 18.touch one’s heart感动某人 19.be talented in music有音乐天赋 20.be good at擅长... 21.be good with善于与...相处 22.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 23.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 24.be good at doing sth擅长做某事 25.want to do sth.想要做某事 26.as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与...一样...常考句型 1.Sam has longer hair than Tom.萨姆的头发比汤姆的长。 2.She also sings more loudly than Tara. 她唱歌也比泰拉声音大。 3.Nelly sang so well. 内莉唱得如此好。 4.For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.对于我来说,好朋友喜欢跟我做相同的事情。 5.Who is smarter, your mother or your father 谁更聪明,你妈妈还是你爸爸? 6. It’s not necessary to be the same. 没有必要相同。 7. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我笑。 8. Molly studies harder than her best friend. 莫莉比她更好的朋友学习更努力。 9. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.我妈妈告诉我好朋友就像一面镜子。 10.So we enjoy studying together. 因此我们喜欢在一起学习。 11.So it’s not easy for me to make friends. 因此对我来说交朋友不容易。 12.We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。 13.My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.我最好的朋友帮我把最好的方面发掘出来。 14.Larry is much less hard-working, so I always get better grades. 拉里不如我用功,因此我总是取得更好的成绩。 15.Huang Lei isn’t as good at tennis as Larry.黄磊不如拉里擅长网球。一、单词讲解1 outgoing adj.外向的用来描述人的性格作表语或定语。比较级 more outgoing;最高级 the most outgoingan outing girl 一个外向的女孩 outgoing mail外埠邮件;发文,外发函件My little brother is an outgoing and lively boy.我的小弟弟是一个外向活泼的小男孩。辨析:outgoing与quietoutgoing作形容词,意为“外向的,友好的;擅于交际的”,其比较级为more outgoing。其反义词为quiet,意为“安静的,文静的”,可作定语或表语。They walked to a quiet place. 他们向一个安静的地方走去。You have a cold, so you must keep quiet at home. 你感冒了,所以必须在家静养。He is more outgoing than me. 他比我能说会道。拓展:calm,still,quiet与silent“安静”①calm 意为“镇静的;平静的”。指不受干扰时的宁静、平静;指人时表示沉着的、镇定的。②still 意为“不动的;静止的”。指物理上的安静状态。③quiet意为“安静的;静止的”。指寂静的状态,没有吵闹、骚乱,指人表示娴静、文静。④silent意为“沉默的;无言的”。主要指人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。When we face danger, we should keep calm. 面对危险,我们应该保持沉着、冷静。The baby kept still when she was taking photos. 当给这个婴儿拍照时,她一动也不动。Be quiet, everyone. The teacher is coming. 同学们,安静!老师来了。We shouldn’t keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions.当老师问我们问题时,我们不应该保持沉默。2 better adj.更好的;较好的 adv.更好地better是good和well的比较级形式。better than超过;多于;好于 had better最好 much better更好;好多了;好得多We're hoping for better weather tomorrow我们希望明天天气转好。He is in a much better mood than usual.他的情绪比平时好多了。She's a lot better today.她今天好多了。3 loudly adv.大声地;高声地;花俏地loudly 喧闹地;大声地;响亮地反义词;quietly安静地;轻声地;轻柔地比较级 more loudly 最高级 the most loudlyPlease don't speakloudly in the meeting room. 不要在会议室大声喧哗。辨析:loud, aloud, loudly①loud形容词“响亮的;大声的”;副词“大声;髙声”,侧重给人的感觉,常放在speak, shout, laugh,talk等后。②aloud副词“出声地;大声地”,相对于默读而言,强调出声,但声音不一定很大,常与read, think等连用。③loudly副词“大声地;响亮地”,多含有噪音或喧扰声的意味,有时也含有目的地提高音量,以便让人听见之意,放在所修饰的动词前后均可。She has a very loud voice. 她有非常响亮的嗓音。Speak loud while answering the teacher’s questions.回答老师的问题要大声一点。The teacher asked him to read this poem aloud.老师叫他大声朗读这首诗。Suddenly she began to shriek loudly.突然她开始大声尖叫起来。4 hard-working adj.勤勉的;努力工作的Emma always gets good grades in different exams because she is a hard-working girl.在不同的考试中埃玛总能取得好成绩,因为她是一个勤奋的女孩。辨析:hard-working,hard work与 work hard.①hard-working 形容词,意为“勤勉的,努力工作的”He is a hard-working boy.他是一个勤奋的男孩。②hard work 名词短语,意为“辛苦的工作”,hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词workWhat hard work it is!这是多么辛苦的工作呀!③work hard 动词短语,意为“努力工作”,hard是副词,修饰动词work。He always works hard.他总是努力地工作。5 competition n.竞争;比赛market competition市场竞争 fierce competition激烈的竞争intense competition激烈的竞争 fair competition公平竞争He came first in the poetry competition. 诗歌比赛中他获得第一名。辨析:competition,match和contest①competition表示体育运动中的各项比赛;表示知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。②match表示体育运动项目的比赛,隐含势均力敌的意味。③contest表示在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争,其结果通常由评委裁决。6 fantastic adj.极好的;了不起的fantastic job干的太好了;好样的Doctor is a fantastic job.医生是一个极好的工作。7 which adj.哪一个;哪一些;pron.哪一个;哪些1)which用作疑问代词时,在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。表示从已知或有限范围内的人或事物中做出选择which one哪一个 which is xxxx哪一个是xxxWhich is your book 哪一本是你的书Which is your favorite movie 哪个是你最喜欢的电影?2)which作形容词时,置于名词或代词前作定语Which sport will you take part in 你将参加哪个运动?3)which关系代词 引导定语从句,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Can you see the bike which my father bought for me 你能看到那辆我爸爸给我买的自行车吗?(作宾语)I want to buy a book which is about wild animals. 我想买一关于动物的书。(作主语)8 clearly adv.清楚地;显然地see clearly 看清楚 clearly understood 清楚理解;充分理解比较级more clearly ;最高级most clearlyTheir actions clearly reflect their thoughts.他们的行动清楚地反映了他们的思想。9 win v.赢;赢得;获胜;获得;n.胜利现在分词 winning;过去式和过去分词均为won.win over说服,胜诉;争取到... win at在...取胜 win against赢,打败 win back重获Which team won 哪个队赢了?辨析:win和beat①win过去式 won 意为“赢,获胜”通常和“game,war,match,prize等之类的名词作宾语,即win sth。②beat过去式 beat 意为“击败;胜过,后跟表示与之比赛、战斗的人或代表群体的名词,即beat sb.They won the game yesterday.他们昨天赢得了那场比赛。Zhang Yi ning won a gold medal in the women’s singles.张怡宁赢得了女子单打金牌。We beat them and won the game. 我们打败他们赢得了比赛。10 though conj.虽然;尽管;adv.不过1)做副词,表示“不过;可是;然而 ”,位于句末,表示补充说明。He said he would come. I didn't see him, though.他说过他回来,然而我不信他。2)做连词,表示“虽然;尽管;不过”引导让步状语从句= although 没有although正式不和but连用!Though/Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.虽然下很大的雨,但是我们仍然享受我的假期。辨析:though, although, but三者的用法①but不能与though 和although同时出现;②but引导的句子只能放在后面,而though, although引导的句子可以放在前面,也可以放在后面。Although he is not rich himself, he often helps the old man.He often helps the old man, although he is not rich himself. 尽管他很穷,但他经常帮助老人。He is not rich himself, but he often helps the old man. 虽然他很穷,但是他经常帮助老人。11 talented adj.有才能的;有天赋的be talented in sth/doing sth 在...有天赋Mozart was talented in music. 莫扎特有音乐的天赋。同意词:gifted adj 有天赋的She is a gifted violinist. 她是位有天赋的小提琴手。拓展:talent n 天赋have a talent for...有天赋, 才能The woman has a talent for cooking.这个女人在烹饪上有天赋。12 truly adv.真实地;真诚地;正确地yours truly 我(用于信尾);敬启 truly tired 真的累了My dad is a truly excellent man.我爸爸是一个非常优秀的人。拓展:1)true adj. 确实的;真正的(而非表面的)come true 实现;成为现实2)truth n. 真相;真实;真实性to tell (you) the truth 实话说辨析: true, real, really①true指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符合,意为“真的,真实的”。true与“编造的,虚假的”相对,在句中作定语或表语。②real指人或物客观存在,而不是想象或虚幻的东西,意为“真的,真正的,正宗的”,real与“假冒,无”相对,在句中通常作定语。③reallyreally是real的副词,意为“真正地,确实”,修饰动词或形容词,一般放在系动词之后,形容词、动词之前。The news is true.这消息是真的。Most of what he says is true.他说的话大部分是真实的。It’s not a toy gun; it’s the real thing.它不是一把玩具枪,而是一把真枪。I’m not really interested in fishing.我不是真的对钓鱼感兴趣。13 care v.关心;担忧;照顾;在乎1)作动词,表示“关心;担忧;在意”care about 关心;在意 care for非常喜欢;照顾,照料 = take care of = look after2)作名词,表示“小心;照看”take care of 照顾;照料 take care保重;小心,当心 = be carefultake care (not) to do sth./that...小心不要做...辨析:care for, take care of, care about①care for照料,关心,喜欢,表示照料、关心某人时常用于肯定句;表示喜欢某人或某物时,常用于否定句或疑问句。②take care of相当于look after,意为“照看,看管”,of后既可接人,也可接物。③care about关心,计较,在乎,指由于某事重要或因责任所在而关心、计较,一般用于否定句。I hope all the students in our class will care for each other.我希望我们班上的所有同学会互相关心。I don’t care for green tea.我不喜欢绿茶。He doesn’t care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。You must take good care of yourself.你必须好好照顾你自己。14 serious adj.严肃的;严重的;庄重的1)adj. 严肃的;稳重的be serious in sb对某人严肃的The head teacher is a careful and serious man.校长是一位非常严肃和小心的男人。2)adj. 严重的;认真的,当真的be serious in/about sth对某事是认真的 serious illness 重大疾病There was a serious car accident on this road yeasterday. 昨天这条路上发生了一场严重的车祸。拓展:seriously adv. 严重地take sth. seriously 把......认真对待15 necessary adj.必要的;必然的if necessary如果必要的话 necessary for所必需;对…是必要的 when necessary在必要的时候拓展:necessity n.必须;需要If necessary, we can drive another car如果必要的话,我们可以开另一辆车16 both adj.两者都pron.两者1)作形容词,表示“两个的”置于被修饰的名词前,名词要用复数形式。Look at the trees on both sides of the street. 看看马路两边的树。2)作代词,表示“两个;两个都”可单独使用,也可用于both of +限定词+n. pl./人称代词宾格的结构,这个结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Both of my parents are teachers. 我父母两个人都是老师。3)both...and... ...和...都;既...又...通常用来连接并列的句子成分(主、谓、宾等),若这两个成分作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Both Matt and Martin have thick and dark hair.马特和马丁都长着浓密的黑头发。辨析:both和all①both表示“两者”②all表示“三者及以上”拓展either...or... 或者...或者...neither...nor... ...和...两者都不;既不...也不...;not only...but also...不但...而且...它们都用于两者中。它们连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”。17 should aux.应该;可能;应当;将要should应该;应当;可以 = ought to = be supposed to 否定形式为shouldn't常用来表示建议、劝告、要求、义务或征询意见等。后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。You should do your homework!你应该做你的作业。18 touch vt.触摸;感动1)touch作动词,意为“感动;触摸”。Don’t touch the paint until it’s dry. 油漆未干,切勿触摸。His sad story touched our hearts. 他的悲惨的故事深深打动了我们的心。The peak seems to touch the sky. 山峰似乎已触及天空。2)touch作名词,意为“接触;联系”。be/get/keep in touch with 与...有/进行/保持联系 lose touch with 与...失去联系The blind have a keen sense of touch. 盲人有敏锐的触觉。They keep close touch with me. 他们和我保持密切联系。19 reach v.到达;伸出;达成;取得联系;延伸;(伸手)去够1)到达=get to=arrive in/atShe arrived in/got to/reached New York at noon.她中午到达了纽约。2)vt. 提升到(某一水平、速度等)With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage in China has reached 22.96%. 在中国政府的努力下,森林覆盖率提升到了22.96%。3)实现;达到You can reach your goal with a strong will.你可以实现你的目标 在坚强的意志下。4)能伸到;够得着Can you reach the light switch from your seat 你能伸手把你座位前的开关关了吗?reach for one’s hand 伸手帮某人一把 reach to 达到,伸延到 reach out 伸出,伸展A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助,使你感动20 heart n.心脏;内心1)心;信心lose (one's) heart 失去信心 break one's heart 使某人很难过;使某人心碎heart trouble/disease/attack 心脏病拓展:heartbeat n. 心跳2)心肠;核心;中心in the heart of 在…中央She has a kind heart. 她有一颗善良的心21 fact n.事实;真相;实际in fact事实上,实际上 matter of fact事实In fact you are my sister. 事实上你是我姐妹22 break v.打碎;折断;违背;解决;中断1)break +身体部位,表示“弄破,弄断”He fell down and broke his left leg. 他跌倒摔断了左腿。break up 破碎;结束 break into 强行闯入 break down 出故障;崩溃 break out 爆发2)break表示“破坏....”(小破坏,可修复);感情破裂I break the window.我把窗户弄破了。3)break作名词,表示“间歇;休息”take a break 休息一会儿Let's stop and have a break.4)违反break the rules/law 违反规则/法律拓展:broken adj. 坏的;破碎的23 laugh v.发笑;笑;嘲笑;n.笑声;笑;笑料laugh at嘲笑;因…而发笑 the last laugh最后的胜利 burst out laughing突然笑起来;不禁大笑辨析:laugh, smile①laugh指出声地“大笑”,表示高兴、喜悦等感情。laugh at嘲笑...②smile指不出声地“微笑”,多指心情愉快,或对某人表示友好之意。smile at对...微笑。We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她开了一个玩笑,我们都大声笑了。He smiled to see the children so happy.看到孩子们这么幸福,他笑了。24 similar adj.类似的be similar to 与…相像的、类似的To legalize it will be similar to that of horse-racing if this proposal is passed.合法化会相似,赛马如果这项建议获得通过。同义词短语:the same as 与...相同;与...一致I mean, it's a relationship, the same as a marriage is a relationship我的意思是它是一种人际关系,就如同婚姻也是一种人际关系一样。反义词短语:different from...意为“和...不一样”Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。25 share vt.分享,共享;分配;共有share with分与,分配;和...分享 share sth with sb 与某人分享某物market share市场占有率 share of...的份额;...的部份My friend shares his breakfat with me.我朋友将他的早饭分享给我。26 primary adj.最初的,最早的primary school 小学 primary factor 主因子,准素因子;一次因素Now my younger sister is in primary school目前我妹妹在上小学。The primary factor is that i don’t have enough money.主要原因是我没有足够钱。27 information n.信息;情报;资料;通知information desk 服务台,问询处 information technology 信息技术a piece of information 一条信息辨析:news, information, message①news消息,新闻,是不可数名词,用来指事件发生后不久的消息,特别是指报纸、广播、电视中报道的事件,强调“新鲜,及时”。②information意为“信息,情报,资料”,是不可数名词,指通过学习、阅读和观察而得到的情报消息,侧重于内容。③message意为“口信,短信,信息,电文”,是可数名词,用来指派人传去的消息,可以是口头的,也可以是书面的。I have some good news for you.我有好消息告诉你。There is much information in this book.这本书里有许多资料。I’m sorry, she’s out right now. Can I take a message 对不起,她这儿会出去了。要我传个话吗?二、课文对话及原文1.ConversationJulie: Did you like the singing competition yesterday, Anna Anna: Oh, it was fantastic! Nelly sang so well!Julie: Well, I think Lisa sang better than Nelly.Anna: Oh, which one was Lisa Julie: The one with shorter hair. I think she sang more clearly than Nelly.Anna: Yes, but Nelly danced better than Lisa.Julie: You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.Anna: Well, everyone wants to win. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.2.PassageMy mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. I'm quieter and more serious than most kids. That's why I like reading books and I study harder in class. My best friend Yuan Li is quiet too, so we enjoy studying together. I'm shy so it's not easy for me to make friends. But I think friends are like books -- you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good.It's not necessary to be the same. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. He is taller and more outstanding than me. We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. So I'm getting better at tennis. Larry is much less hard-working, though. I always get better grade than he does, so maybe I should help him more.I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different. My favorite saying is, "A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. " My best friend Carol is really kind and very funny. In fact, she's funnier than anyone I know. I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better. We can talk about and share everything. I know she cares about me because she's always there to listen.三、重要知识点讲解1 as long as只要;既然You can phone me at work as long as you don't make a habit of it.你可以上班时给我打电话,只要别一来二去打上瘾了就成。2 bring out 使显现;使表现出eg. A journalist all his life, he's now brought out a book.他当了一辈子新闻记者,如今已出了一本书。3 in fact 确切地说;事实上;实际上You have to admit that you are, in fact, in difficulties你不得不承认,你事实上是陷入了困境4 Huang Lei isn’t as good at tennis as Larry. 黄磊不如拉里擅长网球。as...as 与...一样;not as/so...as 不如....中间加形容词或副词的原级。He is as tall as Tom. 他跟汤姆一样高。She isn’t as outgoing as her sister. 她不如她的姐姐外向。5 However,Larry is much less hard-working, so I always get better grades.然而,拉里不如我用功,因此我总是取得更好的成绩。little 和much 都可用来修饰比较级,表示“更...一点,...得多”。He is a little shorter than you. 他比你少矮一点儿。拓展:修饰比较级除了用a little 外,还可用even(甚至),far(非常),a lot(非常),a bit(一点)等。6 I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友会使我笑。make v. 制造;使;让。常用结构:make sb./ sth.+adj. 使/让某人/某事怎么样;make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。Mother made a birthday cake for me.妈妈为我做了一个生日蛋糕。The news makes everyone happy.这个消息使每个人都很快乐。His mother made him finish the work alone.他妈妈让他一个人完成这项工作。7 Who do you think should get the job, Jenny or Jill 你认为谁应该得到这份工作,詹妮还是吉尔?1)本句是由“特殊疑问句+选项”构成的选择疑问句,“do you think”作插入语。Who do you think cleaned the classroom yesterday 你认为昨天是谁打扫的教室?Which bike do you think is Tom’s, the new one or the old one 你认为哪辆自行车是汤姆的,那辆新的还是旧的呢?2)or 意为“或者;还是”,常用于选择疑问句中。Do you like math or English 你喜欢数学还是英语?8 singing competition 歌唱比赛英语中,动词-ing形式可以充当前置定语修饰后面的名词。swimming pool游泳池 shopping list 购物篮 reading room阅览室walking stick拐杖 changing room更衣室 dressing room梳妆台9 That’s why …那就是为什么why引导的从句在此作is的表语,是表语从句。引导表语从句的词除了why外,还有that; whether; as if; what; which; who; whose; when; where; how等。表语从句与宾语从句一样,要求用陈述语序。That is where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否回来。This is what we need. 这就是我们所需要的。That’s why...可视以为一个固定句式,表示“这便是为什么...”、“这就是...的原因”,why的后面一般接句子。That’s why he was late this morning. 这就是他今天早上迟到的原因。10 That’s Tara, isn’t it 那是Tara,对不?That’s Tara, isn’t it 是反意疑问句,表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用yes或no来进行回答。反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是由be,have,助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。例如He is old, isn’t he 他老了,不是吗?He never went there, did he 他从没有去过那里,是吗?无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”---The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isn’t she 那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗?---Yes, she is. 是的,她在帮。---No, she isn’t. 不,她没有帮。11 There are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.这些是我和我的双胞胎妹妹刘英的照片。1)本句是倒装句,真正的主语是are后的这一部分。2)谓语are由主语 photos决定的,me and my twin sister Liu Ying作定语修饰photos。拓展:here 与neither...nor..., either...or...,not only...but also...以及there be句型一样都有谓语的选择上采取“就近”原则,谓语动词由紧挨着的主语决定单数还是用动词原形。He can speak not only English but also French. 他不仅会说英语,而且会说法语。Not only Jim but also I have visited the famous artist. 不仅吉姆,而且还有我拜访那位著名艺术家。Neither he nor I speak a foreign language. 他和我都不会说外语。四、单元语法形容词和副词1.形容词:用来修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的英语单词。如:nice,好看的;big,大的;afraid,害怕的等。1)形容词的种类及作用①性质形容词:直接说明人和事物的性质特征的形容词,有等级变化;可作定语,表语和宾语补足语。The handbag is very beautiful. 这个包很漂亮。(表语)Mr Chen always makes our English class interesting. 陈老师总使得我们的英语课堂生动有趣。(宾语补足语)②叙述形容词:只能作表语,又叫表语形容词;大多数以a开头,如:afraid害怕;alone单独的;alive活着的;asleep睡着的;awake醒来的;well健康的;ill病的;2)形容词的位置①作定语放在名词之前Good idea好主意!Beijing is a beautiful city.北京是一个美丽的城市。②做定语后置的情况Ⅰ.形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要后置(something, anything, everything......)There is something wrong with my bike.我自行车有问题。Ⅱ.形容词与数词连用做定语时,要后置The room is three meters long.这个房间三米长。Ⅲ.形容词短语作定语时,要后置The singer is famous for her words这个歌手因为她的话而出名。Ⅳ.表语形容词alive, asleep,awake等作定语时要后置She was the only person awake.她是唯一一个清醒的人。Ⅴ.形容词enough修饰名词时,可以前置也可以后置。We have enough chairs for everyone.我们没有足够的椅子提供给每个人。Ⅵ.连系动词之后(be, become,grow,turn,get,go,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,stay,keep,remain):The building is three hundred meters tall.这栋楼房三百米高。3)多个形容词的排列顺序。限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等)+ 描述性形容词+大小、形状、长短、高低 + 新旧、长幼 + 颜色 + 产地、材料、用途 + 被修饰名词a small old yellow wooden table 一张黄色的旧木头小桌子an expensive new Japanese sports car 一辆昂贵的新型的日本跑车Eg4)含有形容词的常用句型①it’s+adj +of +sb+ to do sth (kind, nice, good,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,right )表示“某人做某事是..........”It’s kind of you to help me. 你太善良了,你帮助了我。2)it’s+adj+for+sb+to do sth (difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,useful,necessary,impossible)表示“做某事对某人来说是.......的”It’s important that we look after the Earth.对我们来说照顾好地球是非常重要的事。2.副词:副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。1)副词的分类和作用:①时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already, ever, never, yet, soon , too, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.②地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.③方式副词: carefully , suddenly, normally, fast, well, politely, proudly, softly, warmly④程度副词: much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, enough, almost⑤疑问副词: how, when, where, why.⑥关系副词: when, where, why.⑦连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether.2)副词的用法: 副词在句中可作状语。You speak English quite well.你英语讲的很好。3)副词的位置:①多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。I get up early in the morning everyday.我每天早早起床。I have seen this film twice with my friends.这部电影我和朋友看过两次。②副词修饰形容词,副词时,放在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。It's rather easy, I can do it.这很容易,我能做到。He did it quite well.他做得相当好。③频度副词可放在实义动词前面,情态动词和助动词后面。I often help him these days.这些日子我经常帮助他。④疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。When do you study everyday 你每天什么时间学习 ⑤时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening 昨天下午你在教室里干什么?形容词和副词的比较级1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1)规则变化:(一直加二去e三变y四双写)①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est,small —— smaller —— smallest②以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词去掉e加–er或 –est,large —— larger —— largest③以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词,把“y”变“i”,再加–er或-est.busy——busier——busiest④重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的,需双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est,如big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest. 还有wet, fat, red, thin⑤一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most,如:slowly —— more slowly —— most Slowlydifficult——more difficult——most difficultbeautiful——more beautiful——most beautiful;中考易混点:hungry——hungrier——hungriest frirendly——friendlier——friendliest⑥不规则的变化:good / well——better——best many/much——more——mostbad / ill / badly——worse——worst little——less——leastfar —— farther / further —— farther / furthest old—— older/elder—— oldest/eldest(记忆妙招:两好、两坏、两多、一远、一老、一少)2)形容词和副词比较及句型①as…as… 和…一样(中间加形容词副词原级)I’m as tall as you. 我和你一样高②not as(so)…as 不和… 一样(在否定句中常用so 来代替as)如,I can’t run so fast as you.我没有你跑得快。另外as…as possible 为固定结构,如,as soon as possible,as quickly as possible 等。在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级。③比较级句型双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十 than”的结构表示.This pen is better than that one.这支钢笔比那支钢笔好。表示一方不及另一方时,用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示.This room is less beautiful than that one.这个房间没有那个房间漂亮。3)表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰.He works even harder than before.他比以前更加勤奋的工作。注意:英语的比较级前如无 even,still,或 yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了.Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来.注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“ the”.He is taller by far than his brother.他比他的兄弟高的多。He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他比他的两个兄弟高的多。4)在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用 that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.这个桌子上的书比那个桌子上的书更有趣。5)表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:①A is three(four,ete) times the size(height,length,width,ete) of B.The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]).②A is three(four,etc) times as big(high,long,wide,etc.) as B.Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍.)③A is three(four,etc.) times bigger ( higher,longer,wider,etc.) than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours,你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大.)用 times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用 twice或 double6)than后面通常加人称代词宾格,如果人称代词后有动词时,则只能用主格形式。Tom found more red leaves than I did.汤姆比我找到红叶多7)特殊句型①“the+比较级,the +比较级” 结构表示”越..越...”。The more you learn,the more you’ll know.学得多知道得也多。②“more and more”结构(指两个形容词比较级用and 连接)表示“越来越...”。I’m getting thinner and thinner. 我越来越瘦。Beijing is getting more and more beautiful。北京变得越来越美。③the+比较级+of the two 表示“两个中比较...的”The apple is the bigger of the two.苹果树是两棵树中更高的那个。④比较级+than any other+单数名词 表示“比其他任何...都...”He is cleverer than any other student in his class.他比班上其它学生都聪明。注意:两者进行比较,比较的双方不在同一范围内,不用otherShanghai is bigger than any city in Canada.上海比加拿大的任何城市都大。⑤在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.Who is taller,Tim or Tom 谁更高,Tim还是Tom 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览