资源简介

U3 The Internet
Discovering Useful Structures 教案
教材分析：
本课时的主题是“talk about something that has been done”谈论已经被做过的事情。主要语法结构是现在完成时态的被动语态，学生需掌握现在完成时被动语态的结构和意义，并与主动语态区分。能够将主动语态正确地转换成被动语态，运用现在完成时的被动语态写一段短诗。
教学策略与设计说明：
采用演绎法（Inductive method），呈现若干例句，让学生发现和归纳各类短语的形式与功能，不断练习，进一步强化后再产出。
教学目标：
在本课学习结束时，学生能够：
语言能力上，理解和掌握现在完成时被动语态的结构和意义，区分主动语态与被动语态在意义和功能上不同点，熟悉被动语态使用的情境。
思维品质上，根据例子归纳总结主要的语法结构，举一反三，将现在完成时被动语态迁移到更多的语言情境中。
学习能力上，掌握对比学习的方法，通过激活已知内容，获得新知，从对比中掌握运用方式。
教学重点：
学生能够掌握并区分现在完成时被动语态与主动语态；
学生能够运用现在完成时被动语态进行表达。
教学难点：
学生对现在完成时的内涵意义和过去分词的不规则形式掌握不全面；
学生在恰当的语境中运用现在完成时被动语态。
教学资源：
教材、多媒体课件、黑板与粉笔。
教学过程：
步骤 教学活动 设计意图 时间与模式
Step 1 Lead-in: T presents the picture and asks Ss to understand what the boy says. 2. T gives the underlying meaning: The boy was in hospital, and he is still in hospital now. 通过图片，和提问，引入主要结构：现在完成时。 2’ CW
Step 2 Review: Before understanding “have been done”, Ss need to review and clearly understand the present perfect tense. 1.T leads Ss to think about the first meaning of the present perfect tense according to what the boy says. Then T leads Ss to review other meanings of the present perfect tense, explains in a simpler way and presents some pictures and examples in order to help Ss understand it. T can provide more sample sentences if necessary. ① Unfinished events that started in the past continue to the present. ② Finished events in someone's life. (If the person is still alive—life experience) ③ Finished events happened in the past and the impact of the event is now continuing. ④ It is used to with unfinished time words (today, this week, this year etc.). ⑤ Express an action that finished recently. 2.After reviewing the meanings and example sentences of the present perfect tense, Ss are guided to conclude the structure of the present perfect tense “S + have/has + V3 (past participle)”. 3.T explains the definition of Past Participle and give examples. T guides Ss to review the regular verbs and irregular verbs. Particularly, T leads Ss to think about the irregular verbs they have learned and conclude some basic structures of different forms of verbs (base form, simple past, past participle) Regular verbs are those verbs that form their past participles with -d, -ed end. (e.g. accept, accepted, accepted; achieve, achieved, achieved) Irregular verbs: A-A-A: cut, cut, cut; set, set, set A-B-A: come, came, come; run, ran, run A-B-B: find, found, found; understand, understood, understood A-B-C: speak, spoke, spoken; eat, ate, eaten 复习现在完成时的意义和结构；复习现在分词的规则形式和不规则形式。为下面区分主动语态与被动语态做准备。 10’ CW
Step 3 Read and compare: 1. Ss read the pairs of sentences and compare the different verb forms. (T leads Ss to find out the difference: one is passive form and the other is active.) T leads Ss to conclude different verb forms in active and passive voice. Active voice: have/has + v-ed Passive voice: have/has been v-ed 区分现在完成时主动语态和被动语态中动词形式的不同。 4’ IW
Step 4 Conclusion: T leads Ss to conclude the difference in structure between the present active voice and the present perfect passive voice through completing the table. T leads Ss to conclude the different forms and give some examples of the present active voice and the present perfect passive voice (affirmative, negative, interrogative). Affirmative: A: S + have/has + PP + O. P: S + have/has been + PP + (by + O). Negative: A: S + have/has not + PP + O. P: S + have/has not been + PP + (by + O). Interrogative: A: Have/Has + S + PP + O P: Have/Has + S + been + PP + (by + O) 掌握和区分现在完成主动语态和被动语态的结构差异；掌握主动语态和被动语态在肯定句，否定句和疑问句中的句型结构，为下面产出练习做好准备。 10’ IW
Step 5 Practice: Ss change the following sentence into the present perfect passive voice. Ss highlights each sentence parts into different colours for making Ss understand the structure clearly. Suggested answers: The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer. An identity card has been lost by someone. Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file Has a comment been made about the online database 转换练习，巩固现在完成时被动语态的结构和意义。 5’ CW
Step 6 Differences: 1. Ss think about the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms. T leas Ss to find out the differences through presenting the table and examples. e.g. The Internet has improved Jane's life. / Jane's life has been greatly improved by the Internet. T explains when to use the passive voice by presenting examples: (1) We want to emphasize the action more than the person who performing it, because the action is more important. e.g. His watch has been stolen. (2) the agent (行为主体) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context. e.g. This road hasn't been used for a long time. (3) We want to be formal, impersonal, academic. (like formal reports, description of the process, instructions, academic writing...) e.g. Much research has been done about second language acquisition. 对比主动语态与被动语态的形式和意义，加深理解；讲解被动语态的适用情境，提高学生的语用能力。 15’ GW
Step 7 Key words: T teaches the new words through presenting collocations, examples, and pictures. 提高学生词汇学习的效率。 10’ CW
Step 8 Read and write: Ss read the poem and try to write her own one. T teaches the strategy of writing a good poem. (1) Choose the type of poem you want it to be. As a beginner, rhyming poems are a good structure to start with. (2) Decide on a theme for your poem. (3) Use descriptive language to convey emotions (metaphor, simile, ...). 3. T provide a short sample 4. T could give Ss several minutes to finish the writing task and 发散学生的思维，提升学生独立表达观点的能力。 15’ IW
Step 9 Homework: Look for a short story you like, highlight the present perfect tense and tell the functions of them. 提高学生搜索资源能力，巩固新知。 1’ CW
备注：
Ss: Students T: Teacher
IW: Individual work GW: Group work CW: Class work
教学反思
通过本节内容学习，学生是否掌握和区分现在完成时被动语态和主动语态的结构和意义；
通过本节内容学习，学生能否在熟悉现在完成被动语态的适用情境并运用;
通过本节内容学习，学生能否熟悉并记住过去分词的不规则形态；

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