资源简介

高二英语
大单元整体学程设计
---Analyse the significance of the space exploration to humans
审核：_________________
审批：_________________
班级：_________________
小组：_________________
姓名：_________________
单元概述
【单元内容】
The theme of this unit is “man & nature” , the topic is “space exploration” which is focusing on the enormous strange world. In this unit, we are going to watch a video about 4 breakthroughs in space exploration. We will read a lecture script and a magazine article to know more about the life in space station and know the meaning of space exploration. We can imitate the writing technique of this article, use relevant vocabulary and expression, write an article imaging the life of aliens.
【课标要求】
核心素养 课标要求
语言能力 语言知识 语音 感知讲座主讲人如何恰当地运用重音、语调、节奏、停顿等语音手法促进意义的表达。
词汇 了解词族的概念，掌握同源词。
语法 理解和掌握主语从句的用法及其功能，并学会在具体语境中正确运用目标语法。
语篇 1．把握讲座文稿的语篇结构和语言特征。 2．关注和使用it、that、they等代词，提高语篇的连贯性。
语用 在谈论“太空探索”话题时，运用得体的语言形式回应对方的观点，并在口语交际中有效运用非语言形式，如表情、手势、动作等。
语言技能 听 能从对话中提取主要信息，判断说话人的态度。
说 1．能就太空探索方面的重大突破以口头形式与同伴交流。 2．能积极讨论宇航员应具备的品质。 3．能合理描述故事情节的后续发展。
读 1．能把握讲座文稿的篇章结构，抓住语篇中的关键信息。 2．能把握杂志文章的语篇要义，批判性地审视语篇内容。
看 能理解视频和漫画中的画面、图像、声音、符号、色彩等非文字信息所传达的意义。
写 1．能使用代词来实现指代，提高语篇的连贯性。 2．能发挥想象力创作故事。
学习能力 1.与讲座主讲人交流时，能恰当地提问，并监控交际中语言运用的得体性，根据需要作出相应的调整。 2.根据说话人的语调或用词，推断其态度和意图。 3.理解和掌握主语从句的用法及其功能，并学会在具体语境中正确运用目标语法。
文化意识 1．了解中国和其他国家在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果。 2．分析和思考人类探索宇宙的意义，作出正确的价值判断。
思维品质 能够基于单元所学内容，有浓厚的了解“太空探索”话题的兴趣和愿望，积极争取获得各种练习和运用英语的机会，不怕出现错误，不断修正自己的错误。
【单元目标】
By the end of the unit, We will be able to:
1.Form a brief impression of Out of this world by reading related passages and resources and the achievements China has made in space exploration.
2.Explore and conclude the qualities that are needed to be an astronaut and develop interest in space exploration.
3.List the reasons for human exploration of the universe and summarize the knowledge of the space
4.Reconstruct the unit as a whole and form your overall recognition about the importance of travelling by Group Article Reading and Unit Test.
【单元任务】
Exploring unknown is the nature of humanity, space exploration helps human understanding the origin, evolution and future development of the universe, and the technological progress made in space exploration can be used to solve certain major problems facing humanity, space.
【学习导航&课时安排】
Stage Overall Perception Exploration& Construction Application& Transfer Reconstruction & Extension
Period 1 5 1 2
【单元学习目标追求】
Out of this world
--Explore the major breakthroughs in space exploration China has made
【Learning Objectives】
1. Recognize the worksheet and textbook as a whole to form unit overall cognition and search the vocabulary related to the theme of this unit;
2.Explore the major breakthroughs in space exploration China has made;
3.Figure out the achievements China has made in space exploration after reading the background information.
【Context and Task】
The three Chinese astronauts or taikonauts carried into space aboard the Shenzhou-13 spaceship entered the Tianhe core module of China's space station on October 16, the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) said. The trio, Zhai Zhigang, the commander, and Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, entered Tianhe hours after the spaceship successfully docked with the core module, becoming China's second crew stationed there. How much do you know about the development of our aerospace career If you want to know more, try to learn it in this unit.
Activity 1. Construct the theme-related vocabulary
Preview the words and the supplies on 271BAY to activate your vocabulary about space exploration.
Activity 2. There have been many exciting breakthroughs in the history exploration.
1.What other breakthroughs in space exploration do you know about
________________________________________________________________
2.if you have the chance, would you like to go into space Why or why not
________________________________________________________________
Activity 3. Background information
The Three-body Problem Hits
Do you like science fictions Whether your answer is yes or no,I am sure you have heard about the famous novel The Three Body Problem whose Chinese name is San Ti.
Liu Cixin is the author of The Three Body Problem. He is called "the one who raises Chinese science fiction to the world level".
The three body trilogy tells the story of the rise and fall of the earth civilization in the universe. The novel involving human history, physics, astronomy, social science and philosophy, deeply discusses the humanity from the perspective of science fiction. The novel has a huge structure and lofty conception, and is known as the most prominent contemporary science fiction in Chinese. It is a milestone in the Chinese science fiction literature, and will push China's science fiction to the world. At the end of 2014, the novel which was translated into English published in the United States, receiving a warm response. In 2015, it won the U.S. science fiction fantasy Association, nebula award and other five awards nominations. In August 23, the "three body" won the Hugo Award for the best novel awarded by the seventy-third world science fiction conference. This is the first time that an Asian win the Hugo prize.
The Three Body Problem is a story about Ye Wenjie in the "Cultural Revolution" who exposed the coordinate of the earth to aliens on three bodies. At that time the alienswere in trouble. So they dispatched a large interstellar fleet to attack the earth. At this time, human beings have discovered that the universe is in the "dark forest" state, any civilization that exposed their position will soon be destroyed. With this discovery, human beings have threatened to release the position coordinates of the three bodies to the whole universe. This strategy makes the earth and the three body to establish a fragile strategic balance. But at last, the balance was eventually broken by the earth itself.
The Three Body Problem can arouse our passion of the universe exploration and thinking of human fate and humanity. Let’s read this novel and enjoy its wonderfulness!
Out of this world
----Appreciate the qualities of astronauts in the space station
【Learning Objectives】
1.Identify the structure and summarize the main idea of the two passages
2.Explore the reasons for human exploration of the universe and summarize the knowledge of the space.
3.Conclude the qualities that are needed to be an astronaut and appreciate great astronauts’ admirable qualities.
【Context and Task】
The three Chinese astronauts or taikonauts carried into space aboard the Shenzhou-13 spaceship entered the Tianhe core module of China's space station on October 16, the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) said. The trio, Zhai Zhigang, the commander, and Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, entered Tianhe hours after the spaceship successfully docked with the core module, becoming China's second crew stationed there. How much do you know about the development of our aerospace career If you want to know more, try to learn it in this unit.
Activity 4.Free talk
What famous astronauts do you know about
____________________________________________________________________
What do you think astronauts on a space station do everyday
____________________________________________________________________
Activity 5.Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below
Activity 6.Read the lecture transcript and answer the following questions.
1 How do astronauts sleep in space
____________________________________________________________________
2 What routine tasks do astronauts do on the space station
____________________________________________________________________
3 What do spacesuits allow astronauts to do
____________________________________________________________________
4 How do astronauts drink water or any other liquids
____________________________________________________________________
5 Why do astronauts need to spend some time in the gym
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 7.Discussion.
At the end of the lecture, what questions would you like to ask the astronaut
2.What qualities do you think are needed to become an astronaut
3.Write a summary of the lecture transcript in no more than 80 words.
Activity 8.Read the magazine and answer the following questions.
1.Why do human beings explore space
2.Read the article and complete the chart below.
Activity 9.Summarize the reasons for space exploration mentioned in the article.
Reasons for space exploration
1
2
3
4
5
Activity 10: As a group, discuss the following questions.
1.Why does the author tell a true story at the beginning of the first paragraph
Writing techniques Examples
Giving examples
2. Find out the writing techniques the author uses to make his or her argumentation more persuasive and give some examples.
3.What is the author’s purpose of writing article
Out of this world
Out of this world
------Provide solutions for living beyond the Earth
【Learning Objectives】
Gather and sort information about a certain heavenly body.
Brainstorm the challenges the heavenly body will present and provide.
Make a profile on how to live beyond the Earth.
【Context and Task】
Exploring unknown is the nature of humanity, space exploration helps human understanding the origin, evolution and future development of the universe, and the technological progress made in space exploration can be used to solve certain major problems facing humanity, space.
Activity 11.Make a profile on how to live beyond the Earth.
1.Group discussion:
Have you ever thought about the possibility of living on another planet If so, where do you think humans could possibly move to live
2.Choose one heavenly body to research and then gather some basic information about it, including its size, distance from the Sun/Earth, surface features, climate, water, atmosphere, etc.
3.Read the sample and discuss the following questions.
(1) What does the sample mainly focus on
(2) What are the challenges people have to overcome on Mars
(3) What solution does the sample give
(4) What do you think of the sample
3. Brainstorm the possible challenges people have to overcome when moving to live on the chosen heavenly body, including the resources, food supply, cold, radiation, communication with the ground, etc.
4. Discuss in groups how to overcome the possible challenges when living on their chosen heavenly body.
5. Proofread the draft to make sure there are no mistakes. When the profile is finished, each group member should read it carefully and give suggestions on how to improve it.
6. Present their work to the whole class.
Out of this world
-----Reconstruct as a whole about this unit
【Learning Objectives】
1. Reconstruct the mind map of this unit in order to have a better understanding of the whole unit.
2. Broaden your horizons by reading the provided extensive reading materials.
3.Strengthen their desire to further explore the unknown field in science.
【单元重构】
Review the unit and reconstruct the 4 structures of “Out of this world”.
【单元拓展】
A(Space exploration)
字数： 397 文体： 说明文 摘自： 百度百科
For centuries,explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic,Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain.Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S.had acquired when it purchased Louisiana,and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives,the explorers involved all accomplished some science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita(未探明之地).And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return,with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures,it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface.Could it be that science,which has long played a minor role in exploration,is at last destined to take a leading role The question naturally in vites a couple of others:Are there experiments that only human could do on Mars Couldthose experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space
With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been.The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet,and whether it persists to this day,has been highlighted by mounting evidence thatthe Red Planet once had abundant stable,liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite(陨石)from Mars.A mor conclusive answer about life on Mars,past or present,would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life.If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth,the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science:the prevalence of life in the universe.
1.For What purposes did the explorers go the unknown places in the past
2.In the exploration of Mars,_______________________still remains uncertain.
3.What has long been regarded as unimportant in the past explorations
4.What has been found on a meteorite from Mars
5.The conditions under which life originates would be revealed with the proof of_________________on Mars.
B
字数： 476 文体： 说明文 摘自： 2021 江苏泰州中学高二月考)
NASA has observed a strange effect of human spaceflight: astronauts' blood going backwards and clotting (凝固).The observations could have serious effects on plans to send astronauts to Mars and to allow tourism in space .
An unnamed astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS) was carrying out a scan on his body--guided by experts the ground. Similar test before the astronaut went to space came back normal, but the scan taken in space revealed a clot f blood, appalling NASA doctors. We were not expecting this. This has never been reported before, "said NASA scientist Karina Marshall Goebel.
The astronaut didn't have any clot-related symptoms, but was given blood-thinning medication for the rest of his time orbit to prevent more clots forming .
NASA researchers then observed the jugular veins of 11 its on the ISS, and blood flow in jugular vein had stopped. The jugular vein is one of the most important parts of the body, which runs between the heart and the head, draining(使流走) oxygenated blood from the brain . This “draining”process is an essential way to reduce pressure in the brain. Blood that doesn't move normally through the body is a major concern because it can lead to clotting, which can cause more serious problems like damage to the lungs .
The blood in the jugular vein also began moving in the opposite direction from the heart towards the head for two astronauts. NASA scientists described this as "extremely abnormal " and said that the blood may have switched directions due to a blockage. A similar phenomenon has been observed on Earth for patients with tumours that force blood to find a different route to the heart .
I think it was probably scary for everybody. But I think. the fact that we found this now is really, really good news because if you know this is a risk factor of spaceflight, it's something that you can monitor and prevent, " said Ms Marshall-goebel
8. What does the underlined word "appalling" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Relaxing B. Embarrassing
C. Attracting D.Shocking
9. What can be learned about blood flow in the jugular vein
A. It seems to clot frequently
B. It keeps the brain oxygenated
C. It places great pressure on the brain
D. It usually runs through the heart to the head
10. What might NASA scientists do next
A. Monitor various risk factors of spaceflights
B. Find ways to deal with astronauts' blood clots
C. Create an Earth-like environment for astronauts
D. Explore reasons for the blood changing directions
11. What's the best title for the text
A. Astronauts experience faster blood flow in space
B. Astronauts' blocked veins bring medical insight
C. Astronauts' blood flows backwards in space
D. Astronauts are suffering from serious blood diseases
Unit 2 Out of the World单元过关
一、单词拼写
1.Albert Einstein thought it was __________（必不可少 的）to leave some room for older works.
2.The “ side effect” is originally a medical term describing what also happens if you take a __________（药片） in order to cure a certain disease or illness.
3. __________ （此外），starting in 2021， a total of 8,000 retirees who were university students or graduates before joining the military will be given priority when they apply for postgraduate programs.
4.But 67% __________ （总共）will frequently skip their midday meals, with the average person only managing to take a proper break from their work around midday three days a week.
5.The smell of new bread __________ （飘动）up from the kitchen.
6.I used to be an amateur __________ （天文学家）and watch the stars through my telescope.
7.We still don't know exactly how many galaxies __________ （宇宙）.
8.According to the schedule,China will complete the construction of the space station in __________ （轨道） in 2022.
9.It's important to write these goals down, rather than __________ （仅仅）think about them.
10.The coastal areas __________ （包括）a vast region with a population of 200 million.
11.Mobile payment has more deeply penetrated Chinese consumers' daily lives, with 85% of mobile phone users having __________ （扫描）QR codes to pay last year.
12.People's health is the __________ （基础）of a civilization's progress and an important indicator of a nation's prosperity.
13. Environmental factors at home and school are __________ （至关重要的）if we want to guarantee the healthy growth and development of children.
14.The Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft and its carrier __________ （火箭）were moved to the launch site on Sunday morning.
15.Greed was his only __________ （动机）for stealing.
16. __________（投资） in ear and hearing care has been shown to be cost-effective.
17.The Monkey Prince is inspired by the Monkey King, the legendary hero of the Chinese mythology and classic __________（故事）Journey to the West.
二、语法填空
China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb on Oct. 16, 1964 , ①__________(shock) the rest of the world. It was followed by the successful explosion of a hydrogen bomb(氢弹) in 1967. Later, a satellite with a recording of the tune of Dong Fang Hong declared to the world that China ②__________ (master) satellite technology.
It was the bombs and the satellite ③__________ enabled China to take the lead in global scientific and technological development and improve the strength of the country's ④__________ (nation) defense, reported Xinhua News Agency.
Many people made contributions to these world-shaking events. Yu Min, a famous nuclear ⑤__________ (physics) who passed away on Jan. 16, 2019 at the age of 93, was one of them.
Yu was one of the leading scientists who had the ability ⑥__________ (overcome) difficulties in the design of the hydrogen bomb. Known as the father of China's hydrogen bomb", he was presented ⑦__________ the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award by President Xi Jinping in 2015. It is the nation's ⑧__________ (high) scientific honor.
However, Yu said the achievement belonged to the whole team.
"A man's name will disappear in time, but ⑨__________ will satisfy him is that he can contribute ⑩__________ (slight) to the nation's prosperity(繁荣)," Yu said, according to China Daily.
七选五
Nothing can substitute (替代) for a good night's sleep. There are some effective ways to reset your sleep cycle.
Have a light dinner
Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.①________. You should time your meals, because a full stomach can be the reason of insomnia(失眠). A light snack at bedtime can promote sleep, but too much food can lead to wakefulness.
Change it gradually
It is important to change your sleep cycle gradually in order to avoid stress and different sleep disorders. The most suitable way is to increase it by 15 minutes a time. If you have to wake up earlier, then try to fall asleep 15 minutes earlier each evening. ②________.
Prepare your room for the sleep
People's body is influenced by light and darkness. Doctors strongly suggest darkening the bedroom before sleep. ③________. Moreover, close your curtains at night, so you will be able to sleep calmly.
④________
Consistency(developing regular sleeping hours) is the best way to change your sleep cycle. You should stick to the same sleep and wake-up time schedule. Don't forget about weekends! It is allowed to have an extra hour on Saturdays, but you are to be back on track on Sundays.
Stop hitting the snooze button(止闹按钮)
I think everyone knows about those tempting five extra minutes in the morning. It doesn't count, but you can turn these five extra minutes into ten or half an hour and you will realize that you are late. The morning that starts with stress isn't a good beginning of your day. There are many ways to stop hitting the snooze button. ⑤________. You have no choice but to answer it and before you find it, you will be out of bed.A. Keep regular hours
B. This saying has a deep and wise meaning
C. A good night's sleep can refresh and restore your body
D. Switch off laptops and other sources of light in your bedroom
E. Do something low-stress and boring until you discover that you are tired
F. The most effective way is to put an alarm clock on the other side of the room
G. It may be difficult to fall asleep at once, so take some relaxing procedures like a bath
五．完型填空
Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 1 in zero gravity. However, without 2 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do, and that's very 3 . What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show — because it's impossible to 4 in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 5 environment, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes. This 6 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 7 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks.
Besides making your 9 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. "My right eye is painful like crazy," Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. "When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around," astronaut Ron Parise said.
In space, astronauts can't eat or drink in 13 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say, "Gravity, you're the best."
1.A.leaping B.floating C.eating D.talking
2.A.gravity B.doubt C.aid D.effort
3.A.risky B.lifelike C.sad D.unfortunate
4.A.foresee B.view C.pray D.cry
5.A.dangerous B.extreme C.stable D.weightless
6.A.expects B.means C.demands D.shows
7.A.meet B.develop C.stay D.leave
8.A.witnessed B.acknowledged C.experienced D.suffered
9.A.mind B.vision C.sense D.idea
10.A.peace B.disaster C.stress D.comfort
11.A.chose B.decided C.stopped D.hesitated
12.A.fluently B.exactly C.efficiently D.simply
13.A.regular B.normal C.particular D.rational
14.A.out B.off C.down D.up
15.A.give up B.end up C.put off D.feel like
Unit 2 Out of the World单元过关参考答案
一、单词拼写
1 vital 2 pill 3 Furthermore 4 altogether 5 floated 6 astronomer
7 universe 8 orbit 9 merely 10 comprise 11 scanned 12 foundation
13 crucial 14 rocket 15 motive 16 Investment 17 tale
二、语法填空
答案：shocking; had mastered; that; national; physicist; to overcome; with; highest; what; slightly
解析：这是一篇时文报道,讲述了中国在核弹和卫星技术领域的发展情况,并介绍了"中国氢弹之父"于敏的事迹。
①考查非谓语动词。此处指中国于1964年10月16日成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,这件事震惊了世界的其他地方。由语境可知,逗号后表示自然而然的结果,故用动词-ing形式。
②考查动词的时态。由语境可知,declared表示的动作发生在过去,master表示的动作发生在过去的过去,故应用过去完成时。
③考查强调句型。正是核弹和卫星使中国在全球科技发展中处于领先地位,并提高了国防力量。该句为对主语the bombs and the satellite进行强调的强调句,主语为物,故应填that。
④考查词形转换。分析句子结构并由语境可知,此处应用形容词形式。
⑤考查名词。由语境可知,此处指的是著名的核物理学家,故应填physicist。
⑥考查非谓语动词。the ability to do sth.为固定用法,意为"做某事的能力"。
⑦考查介词。固定短语present sb. with sth.意为"把……授予某人",此处是其被动形式。
⑧考查形容词的最高级。此处指习近平主席于2015年授予他国家最高科技奖,这是国家最高的科学荣誉。由语境可知,此处应用high的最高级形式。
⑨考查主语从句。这是一个含有主语从句的复合句,空处在主语从句中作主语,指物,故填what。
⑩考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词contribute,故应用副词形式。
七选五
答案：BGDAF
解析：如何调整睡眠周期,有一个好的睡眠呢 请看作者告诉了你哪些方法!
①上文提到"Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man"是人们常说的有关一日三餐的谚语,与B项中的This saying相对应,故选B项。
②上文提到"早起"的前提是"早睡",立刻入睡可能不容易,需要一些放松的程序来达到目的,故选G。
③本段主要讲的是室内光线要适合睡眠,D项的内容"Switch off laptops and other sources of light in your bedroom"与此一致,要关掉笔记本电脑和卧室的其他光源。
④该段主要讲了要保持有规律的睡眠时间,周六允许多睡一个小时,但周日必须恢复过来,故选A项。
⑤该段主题是停止击打止闹按钮,F项"最有效的方法是将闹钟放到房间的另一端"与下文内容联系紧密,当闹钟响的时候,你必须起床找闹钟并将闹铃关掉,这样就能准时起床了。
四、完型填空
答案：1-5.BACDD; 6-10.BCCBD; 11-15.ADBCB
解析：1.根据上文中的"some pretty amazing things"及下文中的"in zero gravity"可知,B项符合语境。
2.根据常识和语境可知,这里是说没有重力,宇航员有很多事情不能做。
3.根据语境可知,在没有重力的情况下,宇航员不能做很多事情,这是很令人难过的。sad"让人难过的"符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。
4.根据上文中的"let their sadness show"和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知,应选D项。
5.根据常识可知,在太空中没有重力。weightless"失重的"符合语境。
6.根据语境可知,此处表示"这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时,你的眼泪无处可去",故B项符合语境。
7.由上文中的"your tears have nowhere to go"可知,此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里,故选C项。
8.根据下文中的"My right eye is painful like crazy"可知,2011年5月,宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience"经历"符合语境。
9.上文讲到在太空流泪时,眼泪会停留在眼眶中,再结合常识可知,当眼中含泪时,视线会模糊,故选B项。
10.由文中的"this can also cause physical pain... But that's not the case in space"可知,此处表示两种情况的对比,空处与pain对应,故D项comfort符合语境。
11.根据下文中的"Another choice is to just wait"中的choice可知,应选A项。
12.联系语境并结合选项可知,D项符合文意。simply表示强调,意为"仅仅,只,不过"。
13.在太空中,宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal"正常的"。
14.根据语境可知,此处应用down。
15.如果宇航员打嗝,他们会把胃里的东西都吐出来。此处表示打嘱造成的结果,end up doing sth."以……而告终"符合语境。

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