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7B Unit4 Grammar 冠词a/an/the的用法和方位介词
冠词
1.在英语中，冠词主要分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the).
2.使用规则:
(1)不定冠词(a, an):
①“a” 用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;“an”用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
如: I have a book.我有一本书。 I have an apple.我有一个苹果。
②用在可数名词的单数形式前,表示一类事物或人中的任意一个.
如: I am a student.我是一名学生。 He gave me an orange。他给了我一个桔子
③用在可数名词的单数形式前,表示一类事物或人。
如: An ear is an organ for listening.耳朵是听觉器官。
④用在首次出现，一方不知道的人或物的名词前。
如: I saw a tiger in the forest.我在森林里看到了一头老虎。
⑤用在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”的意思。
如:He tried a twice time, but failed again.他又试了两次，但还是失败了。
⑥用于速度、价格、时间等表示单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
如: I visit my grandparents every a week.我每周去探望一次我的爷爷奶奶
⑦an + a、e、i、o、f、h、l、m、n、r、s、x(12个字母单独出现读音是以元音开头的方位介词,其余字母则是以辅音开头的).【顺口溜：En,Mr Li has a fox.】
如:I can see an A.我能看到一个A。
There is an ’s’ and a ’u’ in the word ‘use’.在use这个单词里有一个s和一个u.
⑧若a和an后面想接不可数名词时，可在中间加一个单数量词。如:I would like a bottle of milk.我想要一杯牛奶。
He has a glass of water.他有一杯水。
固定词组。如: have a rest, after a while等等。(此类词组靠平时阅读时多积累)
定冠词
①用在表示特指的人或事物名称前。
如:The girl in red dress is my sister.穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
②用在谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物的名词前。如:Look at the book, Amy.艾米，看书本。
③用在复述前面谈过的人或事物前。
如:He saw a tiger in the forest. He killed the tiger.他在森林中看到了一头老虎。他杀了这头老虎。
④用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。
如:The tiger is the wild animal.老虎是一种野生动物
⑤用在表示方位的名词前。
如:The province is in the south of the country.该省位于它所在国家的南部。(备注: turn left 和turn right 中的方位词是副词的作用，所以不需要加the)
⑥用在序数词前和最高级前，及only所修饰的词前。如: Our classroom is at the first floor.我们的教室在一楼。
He is the tallest boy.他是最高的男孩。
She is the only girl in our team.她是我们队里唯一的女孩。
⑦用在乐器名称前。
如:He can play the piano.他会弹钢琴。
(备注:有一种说法是西洋乐器前加the，中国乐器前不加the，现在的小学教材上是按乐器前都加the来编写的。)
⑧用在独一无二的事物前。
如:We only know a little about the universe.我们对宇宙知之甚少。
⑨用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等。
如: I have never seen to the Yellow River.我从没见过黄河。
⑩用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如: I have been to the Great Wall.我去过长城。
用在姓氏的复数形式前表一家人或夫妇二人。
如:The Greens go to China every year.格林一家每年都去中国。
和某些形容词连用,表示一类人或事物.是复数概念。如:He hates the rich.他恨富人。
用在形容词或副词的比较级前，构成“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型，表示“越…，就越.….”。如:The harder you learn, the more you will know.你学得越努力，你就知道得越多。
固定词组。如: all the time , on the way，all day long等等。(此类词组靠平时阅读时多积累)
方位介词
介词 例句
above 在..上方(不一定垂直) We are flying above the clouds. 我们正在飞越云层。
over 在...上方(覆盖,或是无接触的更高) she put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给睡着的孩子盖了一张毯子。
on 在...之上(有接触) The little girl was sitting on her father's shoulders 小女孩坐在她爸爸的肩膀上。
below在...下方(不一定垂直) They live on the floor below. 他们住在楼下。
under在...正下方(垂直正下) In summer, we often slept under the stars. 夏天，我们常在星空下睡觉。
in front of在...前面(外部的前面) He was standing in front of her. 他刚站在她前面。
in the front of在...前面(内部的前面) Write your name in the front of the book. 在前面的书页上写上你的名字。
between在..之间(两者) I sat down between Sue and Jane. 我坐在了苏和简之间。
among在..之间(三者及以上) The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩快速的消失在了人群中。
across穿过(从表面穿过) They ran straight across the road. 他们径直跑步穿越马路。
through通过(从内部通过) She smiled at him as he walked through the door. 他进门时，她朝着他微笑。
past通过(从旁边通过) Will you be going past my house on your way home 你回家的路上路过我家吗
beside在...旁边(强调紧挨着) Wendy came up and sat beside me. 温蒂过来坐在了我边上。
near在...附近(不一定很近) I'm sure they live somewhere near here. 我确定他们住在离这儿的不远处。
I.在下列句子空白处填入适当的冠词,不需要用冠词的地方填“/”。
1. There is______picture of______horse on the blackboard.
2._____doctor told him to take______medicine three times _____day.
3.______Turners are living at_____end of the Turner Street.
4.___________old man is_______teacher. He likes playing_______ basketball on weekends.
5. We know______earth moves around______sun and________sea covers a large part of_____earth.
6.July is_______seventh month of a year and it is______hottest in China.
7. She plays_______piano well and makes________living by teaching_______piano.
8. This morning I met _______man.________man was walking slowly in_______street.
9.________young should love and help_____________old.
10._______birds can fly very high in____________sky.
11.There is _____”l” and _______’’f’’ in the word “fly”
II.用适当的介词填空。
1. Fuzhou is_____the southeast of China.
2. Look! There is a big hole________the wall.
3. My mother told me to put the cup________the table.
4. There is a map of China__________ the back of the classroom.
5.He tried to swim______the river to get to his son.
6.We went________the forest and got to their villa.
7.They are going to build a bridge__________get the river next year.
8.They walked__________a tall tree.
9.Tony sits in front of Tom,so Tom sits_____________Tony,
10. Look, many students are playing_____________the playground.
III选择题
( )1.-My son seldom has______breakfast.
一It is__________unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
/; an B.the; an C./;a D.the;a
( )2. Now all of us exercise at ________least_______hour a day in and outside school.
the; a B.a; an C.不填;a D.不填;an
( )3.---What do you think of______film about Zhan Tianyou
---It's____good film.
the; the B.a;the C.the; a D.a; a
( )4. They want their daughter to go to_____university,but they also want her to get_____summer job.
不填;a B. the;a C.an;a D.a; the
( )5. In order to find______better job, she planned to learn_____second foreign language.
the; a B.a; a C. the; the D.a; the
( )6. The policeman helped the old woman go___the road.
above B.across C.through D.over
( )7. The young men walked______the forest and came to a big river at last.
on B.over C.through D.across
( )8. The moonlight is shining in______the window.Everything in the room looks so nice.
over B. across C. through D.past
( )9. Taiwan is the largest island in our country. It is____of Fujian,
to the east B. in the east C. at the east D. on the east
( )10. Tom told me his parents had arrived______Beijing.
at B.on C.in D. to
( )11. Tom sits____the classroom while John sits____the room.
A. in front of; at back of B.in the front of;at the back of
C.in front of;at the back of D. in the front of;at back of
( )12. Lucy sits_____the third row, _____Jim’s left.
A. on;on B.in;at C.at;in D.in;on
( )13.Jiangsu is____the east of China,but Japan is ______the east of China.
A. to;in B. in; to C.on;to D.to;on
( )14. Don't read___the sun. It's bad_____your eyes.
A. in;to B.under;for C.with;to D.in;on
( )15. The woman______a blue dress is my teacher.
A. in B.on C. of D.at
( )16.______research____ the universe scientists have put a lot of information____computers.
A. With;over;at B.On;at;to C.In;about ; into D. For;with;through
( )17. When a piece of ice is taken____warm room,it gets smaller and smaller until___the end it disappears completely.
A.in;in B. out of;at C. into;in D. to;by
( )18. A woman fell____the boat_____ a the water.
off; into B. at;below C. down; under D.away;in
( )19.Hong Kong is____the south of China,and Macao is____the west of Hong Kong.
A. in;to B.to;to C.to;in D.in;in
( )20. Japan lies ________the east of China.
A. to B,in C.about D.at
( )21. Look____the map_____China______the wall, please.
A. after;of ; in B.at;of;in C.after;in;on D.at;of;on
( )22. He arrived_____Guangzhou____noon.
A. in;in B.to;at C.in,at D.at,in
答案：I.1.a;a 2.The;a/the;a 3.The;the 4.The;a;/ 5. the; the;the; the 6.t he;the7.the;a;/
8.The;the 9.The;the 10.The;the 11.an,an
II.1.in 2.in 3.on 4.at 5.across 6.through7.over 8.past 9.behind10. on/in
III 1-5ADCAB 6-10BCCAC
11-15BDBAA 16-20CCAAA 21-22DC

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