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专题4.1.4 高考英语 应用文写作开放性作文
考情分析
近年的英语高考书面表达经常出现开放式作文，只是开放程度有一定差别。一般来说，它都会有一定的相关信息提示，但有的只给出极少的内容提示，甚至仅给出一个话题，而不给出具体的提示内容，文章是完全建立在学生者对话题的理解基础之上，让其自由组织内容的全开放式写作。开放式作文是高考英语书面表达的重要考查点，学生们必须了解该类型作文的基本特点和写作要求。
开放类作文包括开放式作文和半开放式作文两种。它要求学生根据一定的材料(包括图、文或图文结合)进行写作，这样既限制了学生随心所欲的思维，又给予学生适当的发挥空间。这种命题方式能较好地考查学生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及思维能力。
一、开放类作文试题的要求：
(1)文章扣题：首先要理解文章的主题，在表述中围绕主题展开叙述，突出主题，避免离题。
(2)思维活跃：试题为学生提供了广阔的思维空间，要求学生根据主题选取合适的材料组织文章。
(3)内容积极：内容要点要以乐观向上、积极的态度进行表达。
(4)逻辑清楚：表达内容在突出主题的基础上要按照一定的逻辑顺序，使文章内容清晰，流畅。
2020-2023年高考英语应用文考情分析
年份 试卷 体裁 话题 题材内容
2023 新高考Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷 建议信 学校生活 给外教提建议
全国甲卷 投稿 历史文化 介绍中国历史人物
全国乙卷 投稿 生活学习 假期习得新技能
2022 新高考Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷 邮件 调查结果 学习英语的状况
全国甲卷 投稿 世界海洋日 保护海洋
全国乙卷 投稿 课外英语学习 利用图表调查课外学习结果
2021 新高考Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷 投稿 学校生活 为校报Youth投稿
全国甲卷 邮件 中华传统文化 外国朋友感兴趣的中国传统文化
全国乙卷 演讲稿 英语学习 线上学习的利弊
2020 新课标全国Ⅰ卷 记叙文 身边的人 值得尊敬和爱戴的人
新课标全国II卷 记叙文 文体活动 介绍学校的5,000米越野赛
新课标全国III卷 信件 文体活动 请外教指导短剧改编
二、基本格式：
开放式作文一般需分三段，第一段简单陈述话题或主题。离开了一定的背景呈现，文章就如无头苍蝇，没有明确的内容和方向。主体段落应明确、客观表达自己的观点。虽然开放式作文没有限制观点，但个人观点不能太脱离大众和主流思想，不然会被认为是奇葩主张。但无论是何种观点一定要能自圆其说。说理应该清晰流畅，最好能有一定的表示程序或顺序的过渡词语，如firstly / initially, above all, first of all, secondly / then / and then, besides, additionally, finally / last but not least / last 等，将文章有机串联起来，才能达到较好的统一性和完整性。最后，文章可呼应前文，总结全文。
三、常用句型：
1. Recently we did a survey about whether... or not. 最近我们做了一个关于是否……的调查。
2. It has been... years since... was founded and it has been accompanying me all through my childhood. 自从……成立以来已经……年了，它一直陪伴着我度过了我的整个童年。
3. In my spare time, I often read the newspaper which covers not only classic stories but also current affairs. 在我的业余时间，我经常看报，这些报纸不仅涵盖了经典故事，还有时事报道。
4. By reading the newspaper, not only do I... but also I... 通过阅读报纸，我不仅……而且我……
5. I do expect.., can have a promising future. 我确实希望……有一个光明的未来。
6. It is reported that......is reported to do/ be... 据报道……
7. I’m shocked / amazed / surprised to hear that... 听到……我感到很震惊。
8. To our.......happened / occurred / took place... 使我们感到……的是，……发生了。
9. As to/As for/With regard to..., I think / figure / deem that... 关于……，我认为……
10. Views/Ideas on ... vary from person to person. 看法 / 观点……因人而异。
11. Speaking of / Talking about / considering ... I hold the belief that... From my perspective / angle, ... 说到/谈到/考虑到……我认为……从我的角度来看，......
12.In my opinion / From my point of view,... From the picture / table / chart, we can see / find / spot... 在我看来/从我的角度来看，……从图片/表格/图表中，我们可以看到/发现/发现……
13. What ... tells us is that.../ What I can see / find / spot from... is that... ……告诉我们是……/ 我能从……发现是……
14. The case / incident / sample /... tells us that... 此案/事件/样本/…告诉我们……
15. Incident / Simple as it is, there’s / are...behind it. 虽然是一件小事/ 很简单……在这样的事情背后也许有......
实例印证1：（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）
你校上周举办了以“智创科技 触碰未来”为主题的科技节活动。请为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；2. 活动内容；3. 活动反响。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：智创科技 触碰未来Innovation and technology, touching the future
A Successful Sci-tech Festival
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文
The school’s yearly sci-tech festival was successfully held last week, aiming to encourage students’ active engagement with science and technology.
The festival, featuring “Innovation and technology, touching the future”, attracted lots of students to participate in a variety of activities such a8 robotics competitions, science exhibitions, and coding contests. But the highlight of this grand gathering was the three forums, the lecturers of which were all renowned scholars on emerging technologies, Augmented Reality, for example. So thrilled were those present that they made the most of this opportunity to interact with the experts, trying to gain a deeper insight on how technology is changing the world.
Overall, the festival received an enthusiastic response from inside and outside the campus. It served as a platform for young minds not only to showcase their creativity and ingenuity, but also to explore how they might reshape the future by means of science.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校上周举办了以“智创科技 触碰未来”为主题的科技节活动。请为校英文报写一篇报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
举行：hold→host 各种各样的：a variety of→various 担任：serve as→work as
总之：overall→all in all
2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句
原句：The school’s yearly sci-tech festival was successfully held last week, aiming to encourage students’ active engagement with science and technology.
拓展句：The school’s yearly sci-tech festival was successfully held last week, which aimed to encourage students’ active engagement with science and technology.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The school’s yearly sci-tech festival was successfully held last week, aiming to encourage students’ active engagement with science and technology. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] It served as a platform for young minds not only to showcase their creativity and ingenuity, but also to explore how they might reshape the future by means of science. (运用了how引导宾语从句)
实例印证2：（2024届浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次联考英语试题）
假定你是李华，上周末你参加了学校组织的市科技馆研学活动。请你在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享此次经历，内容包括：
1. 活动过程；
2. 个人感悟；
3. 期待评论。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
An Unforgettable Tech Exploration Tour
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Possible Version:
An Unforgettable Tech Exploration Tour
Last weekend I participated in a fabulous tech exploration tour in the city science museum organized by our school.
It kicked off with an exhibition of the history of Chinese science, unfolding the awe-striking wisdom behind. What followed was a hands-on experience, which uncovered the secrets of science. With a lecture on the prospect of science, the tour was brought to an end. Not only did the tour instill me with a sense of pride in our scientific advances, but it also planted in my heart a seed of scientific exploration.
Anybody who shares the same feeling Anticipating your comments!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，分享上周末参加的市科技馆研学活动，介绍活动过程，描述个人感悟，期待评论。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
参加：participate in→take part in 开始：kick off→start
揭示：uncover→reveal 结束：be brought to an end→come to an end
2. 句式拓展：简单句变复合句
原句：It kicked off with an exhibition of the history of Chinese science, unfolding the awe-striking wisdom behind.
拓展句：It kicked off with an exhibition of the history of Chinese science, which unfolded the awe-striking wisdom behind.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What followed was a hands-on experience, which uncovered the secrets of science.(使用了What引导主语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Not only did the tour instill me with a sense of pride in our scientific advances, but it also planted in my heart a seed of scientific exploration. (使用了Not only…but also…句型，且使用了部分倒装结构)
真题回顾
（2023年全国高考英语乙卷）
请以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述学习一项新技能的经历，及从中获得的体验和感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路梳理】
(一) 审题：确定体裁、人称和时态。
该书面表达任务是开放性作文；正文人称以第一人称和第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时为主。
(二) 确定文章结构、列出写作要点。
此投稿正文可以分为三段。
第一段：点明投稿的目的。
第二段：增加细节，一项新技能的经历以及体验和感受。
第三段：总结表达自己的感想和祝愿。
(三) 捕捉相关词汇、激活储备句型。
先声夺人开头句——点明目的
1. June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people’s awareness of protecting oceans.
2. Recently, we conducted a survey concerning different ways to learn English beyond the classroom. The results are as follows.
引人入胜篇中句——介绍基本情况
1. It goes without saying that Oceans play a critical role in the world.
2. Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
3. Additionally, oceans are the lungs of our planet, providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
画龙点睛结尾句——总结感想和祝福
1. As high school students, it’s our responsibility to protect them.
2. First of all, do what we can to make a difference. For example, stop throwing garbage into oceans. In addition, call on people around us to take action, too. I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
【参考范文】
When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity to attend a musical contest held in my school. That was the first time I watched a live musical performance. The fantastic players touched me deeply.
I asked my parents allowing me to take up a piano lesson for beginner. In the beginning, it was quite difficult to read the notes on the stave. However, it did not demoralize me. I spent most of my leisure hours practicing piano. Although my fingers were painful after few hours practice, I felt satisfied if I could play a music piece completely.
Even though I will not pursue as my life career, I will still continue learning and playing piano as my hobby. It is simply because music is the best medication for my soul.
高级词汇积累
①opportunity n. 机会 ②demoralize v.使沮丧 ③satisfied adj. 满意的：④leisure adj. 满意的：
高分句型点睛
【高分句型1】When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity to attend a musical contest held in my school. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】Although my fingers were painful after few hours practice, I felt satisfied if I could play a music piece completely. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句)
(2022·全国卷英语甲卷)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意：词数100左右。
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，就世界海洋日为主题向英文征文比赛投稿，阐述海洋的重要性并提出一些建议。
【答案】
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.
【详解】1.词汇积累
越来越：more and more→increasingly 重视：place importance on→attach importance to
重要的：key→significant 此外：what’s more→furthermore
2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句
原句：World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
拓展句：World Ocean Day, which falls on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature.(运用了部分倒装结构)
[高分句型2]When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.(使用了固定句型)
[高分句型3]First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.(使用了主语从句)
三、最新模拟试题
(1)
（2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学高考考前模拟英语试题）
假定你是某国际学校的学生会负责人，你校最近发起了“绿色低碳，节能先行”活动。请就此写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.具体做法；
3.发出呼吁。
注意：写作词数应为80词左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear fellow students,
We are excited to launch our new initiative, “Green and Low Carbon, Leading Energy Efficiency”. This program aims to encourage our school community to actively participate in environmental protection efforts.
Our actions will include minimizing paper waste, utilizing energy-saving equipment, and advocating for environmentally-friendly lifestyles. We urge all members of our school community to reduce, reuse, and recycle wherever possible.
Join us in our efforts to make a significant and long-lasting contribution to our environment. Together, we can make a difference.
Student Council President
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是某国际学校的学生会负责人，你校最近发起了“绿色低碳，节能先行”活动。请就此写一封倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参与：participate in→take part in 发起：launch→start/initiate
重要的：significant→important 包括：include→contain
2.句式拓展：合并简单句
原句：Join us in our efforts to make a significant and long-lasting contribution to our environment. Together, we can make a difference.
拓展句：If you join us in our efforts to make a significant and long-lasting contribution to our environment, we can make a difference.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] This program aims to encourage our school community to actively participate in environmental protection efforts. (运用了不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] Join us in our efforts to make a significant and long-lasting contribution to our environment. (运用了肯定祈使句)
(2)
(2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模模拟考英语)
学校新建图书馆前的空地即将绿化，现征求学生的建议。假如你是李华，请给校英语报Colorful Campus编辑Martin写封邮件，内容包括：
1.绿化布局；
2.设计理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Martin,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Martin,
Hearing our school is to green the empty space in front of the new library, I would like to share my suggestions.
Colorful flowers can be planted in the east part where students will enjoy the beauty of nature. Trees and benches can be arranged in the west section providing students with a place to study and relax. Besides, the central part can be covered with grass with a sculpture standing there, reflecting the culture of our school.
Thank you for considering my opinion. I hope our school will become more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英语报Colorful Campus编辑Martin写封邮件，对于学校新建图书馆前的空地如何进行绿化提出建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累：
建议：suggestion→advice 为某人提供某物：provide sb with sth→offer sb sth
此外：besides→what’s more 看法：opinion→idea
2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句
原句：Trees and benches can be arranged in the west section providing students with a place to study and relax.
拓展句：Trees and benches can be arranged in the west section which can provide students with a place to study and relax.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Colorful flowers can be planted in the east part where students will enjoy the beauty of nature.（运用了where引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, the central part can be covered with grass with a sculpture standing there, reflecting the culture of our school.（运用了with的复合结构）
(3)
（2024·广东·模拟预测）
你校正举行以“创新改变未来”为主题的活动周，请你向学校英文报投稿，用英语讲述创新的重要性。内容包括：
1.创新的重要性；
2.如何培养创新思维。
注意：1.写作词应为80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Importance of Innovation
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】
Innovation has become a buzzword in recent years, as it plays a crucial role in driving progress and success across various fields.
For high school students, fostering innovative thinking can open doors to numerous opportunities for our future. First of all, it’s important to stay curious by asking questions and seeking answers beyond traditional boundaries. Additionally, various forms of art, such as music, painting, writing, or drama can provide platforms to showcase our creativity and receive positive feedback.
In conclusion, innovation is a critical skill for us to possess in today’s fast-paced and ever-changing world.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，你校正举行以“创新改变未来”为主题的活动周，请你向学校英文报投稿，用英语讲述创新的重要性。内容包括：1.创新的重要性；2.如何培养创新思维。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
在……中起作用：play a role in→play a part in 各种各样的：various→a variety of
重要的：important→significant 另外：additionally→besides
2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, it’s important to stay curious by asking questions and seeking answers beyond traditional boundaries.
拓展句：First of all, it’s important that we should stay curious by asking questions and seeking answers beyond traditional boundaries.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Innovation has become a buzzword in recent years, as it plays a crucial role in driving progress and success across various fields.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】For high school students, fostering innovative thinking can open doors to numerous opportunities for our future. （运用了动名词短语fostering innovative thinking作主语）

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