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2024年高三湖北省十一校第二次联考
英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定的位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答案卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，先用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman drink most probably
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Water.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do at the park
A. He played basketball. B. He did some walking. C. He had a picnic.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long will it take the woman by subway
A. About 10 minutes. B. About 15 minutes. C. About 25 minutes.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where might the conversation take place
A. In a bookstore. B. In a cinema. C. In a library.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s wrong with the man
A. His tongue hurts. B. He ate something wrong. C. His head aches.
第二节（共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Hot. C. Cold.
7. What does the woman like to do in summer
A. Do outdoor sports. B. Eat hot pot. C. Buy clothes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What are the speakers quarrelling over
A. Whether to raise a pet rabbit.
B. How to spend money on travelling.
C. Which souvenir to choose.
9. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Friends. C. Husband and wife.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the man’s job
A. A gym trainer. B. A financial trader. C. A restaurant owner.
11. Why does the man prefer to cook rather than have a takeaway
A. He wants to feel creative. B. He loves to cook for others. C. He likes home-made food.
12. What does the man consider the high stress
A. A totally bad thing. B. A good thing no matter what. C. A good thing if used properly.
13. What part does the man enjoy about his stressful job
A. The social connection. B. The high payment. C. The uncertainty.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does NOT the woman read newspapers
A. She is worried about wasting money.
B. She is concerned about the environment.
C. She gets all news from the web.
15. How many headlines pop out on the man’s first page every day
A. About three or four. B. About six or seven. C. About eight or nine.
16. Why is the woman worried about loads of news
A. Most of them might not be true.
B. They consume too much time.
C. People might ignore serious news.
17. What’s the woman’s attitude to “e-books replacing paper books”
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What do we know about the “ikumen” course
A. It’s for parents.
B. It’s organized by the government.
C. It’s charged 30,000 yen.
19. What is taught to do in the course
A. Cooking for kids. B. Getting a baby dressed. C. Wearing a 5 kg pregnancy jacket.
20. What is the main purpose of this talk
A. To introduce the “ikumen” course.
B. To help bachelors look for love.
C. To recruit students for a university.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
At The Rachael Ray FoundationTM (RRF), we’re pretty big animal lovers. As a part of our work, we support a wide variety of organizations that do good for animals, from rescue to care and more. Get to know a few of them and the work we do together.
Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team
RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team (PAART) to purchase a new and bigger plane for its rescue missions which bring animals from danger to safety. Whether it be flying dogs in overcrowded shelters to new homes, saving animals caught in the path of natural disasters, or bringing supplies to shelters in need, the brave PAART pilots are always ready to help.
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation (SDF) works to find and train shelter dogs who have the talent and drive to become search and rescue animals. RRF supports SDF’s efforts to identify and transform rescued dogs into rescuers, to provide lifetime care for these dogs and to find homes for all dogs who enter the SDF training program.
Rachael Ray Save Them All Grants
This is a program administered by Best Friends Animal Society (BFAS) to support Best Friends’ network partners in their lifesaving efforts. The money has been awarded to organizations across the country to fund initiatives such as adoption drives and shelter intake prevention efforts.
North Shore Animal League America Disaster Relief Grants
This program, administered by North Shore Animal League America (NSALA), provides money for animal welfare organizations impacted by disasters. RRF is proud to help NSALA in its efforts to identify needs in disaster situations and provide targeted, effective relief.
21. What is special about PAART
A. It provides necessities for-animals in need. B. It conducts animal rescue missions by plane.
C. It is supported by the Rachael Ray Foundation. D. It assists in finding adopters for rescued animals.
22 Which organization is devoted to training shelter animals to do rescue work
A. SDF. B. BFAS. C. PAART. D. NSALA.
23. What do the last two programs have in common
A. They both strongly promote animal adoption.
B. They are both in charge of Best Friends Animal Society.
C. They both provide financial assistance to animal welfare initiatives.
D. They are both administered by welfare organizations impacted by disasters.
B
It was just after 17:00 on a mid-September evening at a historical Church in Harlem, New York City. Mostly the low-income black neighborhood sat at dining tables. In front of them was a menu listing three courses, which they only saw on TV. Each dish was prepared with “leftover” ingredients(食材), offered free of charge and placed alongside a blue card that read “you are loved” in hand-written script.
This-is-one of 14 community centers created around the world in cities like Milan, Paris, Mérida, Lima, Sydney and now New York through three-Michelin starred chef Massimo Bottura’s Food for Soul project. He started the project in 2016 with his wife, Lara Gilmore, to help fight the global problem of food waste-by using ingredients that might otherwise be thrown away by suppliers and to give socially and economically vulnerable people access to high quality meals.
Partnering with architects, artists and community leaders, the project is transforming spaces, which are not fully taken advantage of, such as churches and even a historical home into intentionally designed cultural centers equipped with kitchens, dining rooms and other facilities that help create a sense of well-being, connection and inclusion.
When I asked Bottura why he created such thoughtful. meals within beautifully appointed spaces for the low-income, he told me that everyone deserves respect and beauty-and of course, healthy food. “They come in and are completely lost because they’re not used to coming into beautiful places, like this. But once they’re here, they realize that this place is their place. It’s not my place,” he said.
Bottura’s philosophy is one that comes from the heart. T-shirts worm by volunteers at his community centers say “cooking is an act of love”, and he approaches the food served there with as much care as he does at his restaurants — “probably even more”, he said since the diners are extremely stressed and need healthy food to feel better. Bottura insists that it’s important to change the language around the food served in his community centers.
24. Why does the author describe such a scene in the first paragraph
A. To introduce Bottura’s project. B. To show the appeal of the dishes.
C. To emphasize the warm atmosphere. D. To explain how the event is organized.
25. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Privileged. B. Independent. C. Conservative. D. Disadvantaged.
26. Which of the following best describes Massimo Bottura
A. Skilled and strict. B. Caring and considerate.
C. Wealthy and humorous. D. Economical and influential.
27. What fundamental philosophy does Massimo Bottura express
A. Respect and beauty are for all. B. Beautiful places inspire respect.
C. Cooking should be a profession. D. Community centers bring people together.
C
In the late 1990s, two psychology researchers, were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did. The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.
The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience. Women were more likely to want to talk with someone about their stress, spend time with their loved ones, or channel their stress into caring for others. She wondered if it was possible that science had gotten stress wrong.
Klein dug deeper into the science, and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males. So Klein studied the social side of stress, especially in women. Looking at both animal and human research, she found evidence that stress can increase caring, cooperation, and compassion (同情).
While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.
The tend-and-befriend theory doesn’t say that stress always leads to caring—stress can indeed make us angry and defensive. It simply says that stress can make people more caring. And when we care for others it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage.
I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst(催化剂) for courage and connection.
28. What does the joke in paragraph I show
A. Male scientists are smarter than female scientists.
B. Female scientists are friendlier than male scientists.
C. Men tend to seek a temporary escape from pressure.
D. Women care for each other when they are under stress.
29. Why did Laura keep the joke in her mind
A. It didn’t fit with her life experience.
B. It had the same topic as her new book.
C. It went against previous psychology research.
D. It indicated the inequalities between women and men.
30. What do we know about the tend-and-befriend theory
A. It is applicable to both men and women. B. It suggests stress always leads to caring.
C. It proves the fight-or-flight response wrong. D. It shows men are more defensive than women.
31. What does the author’s book aim to do
A. Provide evidence for her research.
B. Explain the fight-or-flight response.
C. Make suggestions on how to respond to stress positively.
D Demonstrate women’s and men’s different responses to stress.
D
It was long theorized that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex(额叶皮层) of the brain, which is considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.
The study of decision-making in rats may help scientists find the roots of flawed decision-making common to mental health disorders such as addiction, the authors say. They used-a new tool to manipulate(操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to them receiving rewards or no rewards. If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward. The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices.
Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.”
Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain calculations were disrupted(扰乱)in animals that had taken methamphetamine. “Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans,” Groman said.
32. How was Yale’s research different from the previous theory
A. It defined the function of different brain regions.
B. It identified specific circuits involved in decision-making.
C. It focused on the connection between choices and memories.
D. It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher-order thinking.
33. What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman’s words
A. Memories are related to all the three circuits.
B. People base their decisions on personal preferences.
C. The three circuits are all of vital importance in making decisions.
D. The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely.
34. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A. The limitations of the present study. B. A description of the research method.
C. A possible reason for the study findings. D. The potential application of the conclusion.
35. What might be the best title for the text
A. How people get addicted and cured
B. How making decisions influences our brain
C. How our brain develops when facing choices
D. How the brain helps us make good decisions and bad ones
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Get Better at Saying No
When rejecting a request, “no” is a short, simple word that can cause anxiety for the person trying to say it. The following strategies can help you get better at saying no.
Be intentional about what you communicate.
____36____Sure, but as psychologist Vanessa Bohns points out, only saying a “no” is often pretty uncomfortable for the asker. Instead, she advises communicating three things: “It’s not because of me, it’s not because of you, and it’s not because of us.” One way to do that is by thanking people for thinking of you.____37____Then, follow up with a short explanation: “I wish I could, but I just don’t have the time right now.” That helps make it clear that your “no” isn’t a poor reflection of your own character; it’s not the other person; and it’s not a disapproval of the relationship, Bohns says.
Have a planned phrase for more informal encounters.
Not every situation, of course, calls for such a thoughtful approach. Think through times when you’ve gotten stressed over delivering a quick “no”, and then brainstorm phrases you could use in the future. Bohns, for example, is often asked to donate to some cause or another as she checks out at the grocery store.____38____“It’s true, and it’s a way of saying, essentially, that I’m still a good person,” she says.
___39___
There’s always that one guy who won’t take “no” for an answer. If someone is applying too much pressure, adopt what psychologist Ellen Hendriksen describes as the broken-record technique.____40____Occasionally, the asker will get annoyed, but usually after repeating yourself two or three times, even the most persistent (执着的) people will get the message.
A. She says no directly.
B. That is, stick to your answer.
C. Adopt the broken-record technique.
D. It’s not worth repeating your request again and again.
E. She now has a go-to response: “I already donated this year.”
F. You might hear that “no” is a convenient word for declining requests.
G. This makes them relieved that they didn’t do anything wrong by asking.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.
Gwyn is still working with a team as____41____as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be____42____at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll ___43___when I feel I can’t do it.”
Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He___44___ his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything____45____than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.
Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each____46____from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.
The worst____47____tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “____48____”, but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride (泰然处之).
“It’s annoying but there’s no point____49____it because that’s the job and we just have to___50___ it,” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for____51____again.”
TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the____52____of Carmarthen station”.
Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he___53___, “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) ___54___ example to us all on how to show___55___ in your work.”
41.
A. silently B. gracefully C. energetically D. cautiously
42.
A. working B. driving C. learning D. farming
43.
A. continue B. concentrate C. hesitate D. finish
44.
A. applies B. exposes C. owes D. devotes
45.
A. weaker B. stronger C. cheaper D. colder
46.
A. room B. department C. hall D. carriage
47.
A. cabs B. shifts C. performances D. accidents
48.
A. rewarding B. exciting C. challenging D. surprising
49.
A. dreaming about B. complaining about C. contributing to D. submitting to
50.
A. break away from B. watch out for C. give way to D. get on with
51.
A. conductors B. workers C. passengers D. managers
52.
A. structure B. reform C. schedule D. platform
53.
A. suggested B. added C. questioned D. responded
54.
A. true B. poor C. interesting D. hopeful
55
A. depression B. curiosity C. bravery D. pride
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Mount Fanjing National Nature Reserve is located in the northeastern part of Tongren City in the Province of Guizhou. With a total area of 43, 411 hectares (公顷) and 96.5 percent forest ____56____ (cover), this nature reserve is home to many rare and endangered species such as the grey snub-nosed monkey, the Chinese Dove tree, the Fanjingshan Fir tree, ____57____ an old-growth forest eco-system. Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams ____58____ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls ___59___ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for ____60____ even more spectacular landscape.
In January of 2013, Tongren City officially applied ____61____ (consider) as a world heritage site. In October of the same year, Fanjing____62____ (add) to China’s tentative (试验性的) list of national natural heritage. In February of this year, together with UNESCO, China formally supported the application of Guizhou’s Mount Fanjing ___63___ World Heritage status (地位): These applications aim to protect, Mount Fanjing’s old-growth forest ecosystem and rare flora and fauna, while at the same time exploiting ____64____ (it) ecological products, promoting sustainable local socio-economic development, and ____65____ (ultimate) achieving a productive balance between protection and development.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是学生会主席李华。请为校英文报写一则招新启事, 欢迎同学们加入到学校英语社团，启事内容包括：
1. 介绍社团的活动；
2.参加社团好处；
3.加入社团的方式.
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Welcome to Our English Club
March 28, 2024
Welcome to our English club!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
English Club
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I challenge you to a hundred-meter race,” my opponent, Julius, declared. He had beaten me countless times during practice, but I wanted to prove him wrong for a change. “That’ll wipe the smile off his face!” I thought, even as fear started to pool in my stomach. He was well-known around the school for being the fastest runner on the track-and-field team, while I tailed behind in second place- a respectable position, but not yet good enough to surpass(超过)him. Nevertheless, I shook his hand and said, “Challenge accepted!” However, negative thoughts flooded my mind. Would I be able to win After all, Julius’ speed of light would guarantee a sure win!
Soon, all my friends and the teachers had gathered around to watch the challenge. “Oh no, I will lose and be embarrassed in front of the whole school!” I spoke in a low voice. Nevertheless, I turned my worried expression into a determined smile. To keep myself from sinking into self-doubt, I did some stretches and jumping jacks to warm up my body.
Finally, the crucial moment arrived. The referee(裁判)fired the starting gun and we took off like a shot. Adrenaline(肾上腺素) rocketed through my body as I launched myself forward. True to my expectations, Julius caught up with me easily and was in the lead! “No way will I lose! Victory, here I come!” I motivated myself as anger coursed through my body. As the race progressed, my eyes locked onto Julius, his athletic form effortlessly moving ahead. His quick steps and strong focus showcased his impressive skills. Yet, I refused to let doubt consume me. A fierce fire burnt within, fueled by a mix of unwillingness to admit defeat and anger. How dare he assume he was unbeatable With every step, my determination solidified(变坚定), and my resolve to surpass him strengthened.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Faster!” I screamed and in that instant, I felt like Superman.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Yi Rou! Yi Rou! Yi Rou!” The whole school was cheering my name!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024年高三湖北省十一校第二次联考
英语试题
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定的位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答案卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，先用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman drink most probably
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Water.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Tea, coffee or water
W: The one which won’t make me sleepless at night.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man do at the park
A. He played basketball. B. He did some walking. C. He had a picnic.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I remember you told me you were going to play basketball with Tommy today. Why do you come back so early
M: He stood me up, so I just took a walk in the park and now I come back. Got some food I’m hungry now.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long will it take the woman by subway
A. About 10 minutes. B. About 15 minutes. C. About 25 minutes.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: How long does it take from our school to People’s Theater by bus
M: About 25 minutes, but you can save about 10 minutes if you choose the subway.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where might the conversation take place
A. In a bookstore. B. In a cinema. C. In a library.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: How can I help you, sir
M: Yeah, I was wondering if you got Dan Brown’s novel The Lost Symbol here. I’d like to buy one.
W: Oh, it’ll be on the shelves next Monday. I can inform you when it arrives if you like.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s wrong with the man
A. His tongue hurts. B. He ate something wrong. C. His head aches.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: What is the expression Does it taste really that bad
M: No, it’s good. Actually it’s too good. I just bit my tongue because I ate too fast.
W: For a moment I just thought my apple pie gave you a headache or something.
第二节（共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Hot. C. Cold.
7. What does the woman like to do in summer
A. Do outdoor sports. B. Eat hot pot. C. Buy clothes.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】M: I need to buy some winter clothing. It’s getting freezing these days.
W: I’m not a winter person. Do you like winter
M: Well, at least I won’t sweat like a pig in winter. You know how easily I sweat. Besides, I do enjoy eating Chinese hot pot with my friends. The hot pot is just not that wonderful to eat in summer, is it
W: I do love the sunshine for I can do so many outdoor activities, like swimming in the warm sea water, playing volleyball on the beach, etc. Oh, how I miss summer!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What are the speakers quarrelling over
A. Whether to raise a pet rabbit.
B. How to spend money on travelling.
C. Which souvenir to choose.
9. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Friends. C. Husband and wife.
【答案】8. B 9. C
【解析】
【原文】M: How much did you spend on this souvenir
W: Not much. Only 200 dollars.
M: What I told you we were on a low budget! We need to spend money on real meaningful things like food and traffic! And what is this stuff you bought A glass-made rabbit which costs 200 dollars! Really
W: What is the point of travelling if you can’t let me enjoy myself Why didn’t you just lock me at home so you could enjoy this honeymoon all alone
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the man’s job
A. A gym trainer. B. A financial trader. C. A restaurant owner.
11. Why does the man prefer to cook rather than have a takeaway
A. He wants to feel creative. B. He loves to cook for others. C. He likes home-made food.
12. What does the man consider the high stress
A. A totally bad thing. B. A good thing no matter what. C. A good thing if used properly.
13. What part does the man enjoy about his stressful job
A. The social connection. B. The high payment. C. The uncertainty.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. C 13. C
【解析】
【原文】W: So why does your job have a reputation for being stressful
M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.
W: How do you relax in the evening
M: I rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape “The Markets”. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a takeaway, you know, to do something my brain would regard as creative.
W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor
M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress can actually be a positive thing, if used in a right way.
W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job
M: I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. It’s very challenging.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does NOT the woman read newspapers
A. She is worried about wasting money.
B. She is concerned about the environment.
C. She gets all news from the web.
15. How many headlines pop out on the man’s first page every day
A. About three or four. B. About six or seven. C. About eight or nine.
16. Why is the woman worried about loads of news
A. Most of them might not be true.
B. They consume too much time.
C. People might ignore serious news.
17. What’s the woman’s attitude to “e-books replacing paper books”
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving.
【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C 17. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you read newspapers these days, Rachel
W: No. I don’t even subscribe to one because I was worried about wasting paper and therefore trees.
M: Me neither. I just look on the Internet. I’ve got my first page which pops up about six or seven headlines every day. There’s always so much news for me to choose from. One sentence is enough to draw me in, and then I end up reading my news online.
W: I’m actually a bit worried when we have loads of news to choose from, we would always choose reading entertainment articles instead of really serious news.
M: You have a point. Having too many options is not always a good thing. But still I wonder in the future if there will be newspapers anyway.
W: I heard even the most famous newspapers are starting to go bankrupt.
M: Maybe paper books will disappear someday, too. People are starting to read electronic books.
W: I’m pro the idea of “e-books replacing paper books”, but I just wish they could make the experience of reading an e-book more comfortable to our eyes.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What do we know about the “ikumen” course
A. It’s for parents.
B. It’s organized by the government.
C. It’s charged 30,000 yen.
19. What is taught to do in the course
A. Cooking for kids. B. Getting a baby dressed. C. Wearing a 5 kg pregnancy jacket.
20. What is the main purpose of this talk
A. To introduce the “ikumen” course.
B. To help bachelors look for love.
C. To recruit students for a university.
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Japanese bachelors looking for love can now learn parenting skills to increase their chances of finding a partner. The male-only “ikumen” course, or parenting course for men, was organized by Osaka-based company “ikumen University” and was priced at 30,000 yen. The course teaches participants how to bathe and dress a baby and also helps them understand a woman’s perspective on parenting through exercises such as wearing a 7kg pregnancy jacket. Participants also learn how to improve communication with a potential partner. Instructor Mr. Takeshi Akiyama said the aim of the course was to help single men look more appealing to potential wives. “I wanted to create a form of certification proving a man’s parenting skills and support for married life,” Mr. Akiyama said. Masaya Kurita, a 31-year-old bachelor living in Tokyo started the course after looking for a wife over the last six months. “During the self-reflection part of the course I’ve realized I have a tendency to hide my weaknesses. I hope to be able to show my more vulnerable side after this,” said Mr. Masaya Kurita.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
At The Rachael Ray FoundationTM (RRF), we’re pretty big animal lovers. As a part of our work, we support a wide variety of organizations that do good for animals, from rescue to care and more. Get to know a few of them and the work we do together.
Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team
RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team (PAART) to purchase a new and bigger plane for its rescue missions which bring animals from danger to safety. Whether it be flying dogs in overcrowded shelters to new homes, saving animals caught in the path of natural disasters, or bringing supplies to shelters in need, the brave PAART pilots are always ready to help.
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation
National Disaster Search Dog Foundation (SDF) works to find and train shelter dogs who have the talent and drive to become search and rescue animals. RRF supports SDF’s efforts to identify and transform rescued dogs into rescuers, to provide lifetime care for these dogs and to find homes for all dogs who enter the SDF training program.
Rachael Ray Save Them All Grants
This is a program administered by Best Friends Animal Society (BFAS) to support Best Friends’ network partners in their lifesaving efforts. The money has been awarded to organizations across the country to fund initiatives such as adoption drives and shelter intake prevention efforts.
North Shore Animal League America Disaster Relief Grants
This program, administered by North Shore Animal League America (NSALA), provides money for animal welfare organizations impacted by disasters. RRF is proud to help NSALA in its efforts to identify needs in disaster situations and provide targeted, effective relief.
21. What is special about PAART
A. It provides necessities for-animals in need. B. It conducts animal rescue missions by plane.
C. It is supported by the Rachael Ray Foundation. D. It assists in finding adopters for rescued animals.
22. Which organization is devoted to training shelter animals to do rescue work
A. SDF. B. BFAS. C. PAART. D. NSALA.
23. What do the last two programs have in common
A. They both strongly promote animal adoption.
B. They are both in charge of Best Friends Animal Society.
C They both provide financial assistance to animal welfare initiatives.
D. They are both administered by welfare organizations impacted by disasters.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。这篇文章主要介绍了Rachael Ray Foundation的工作以及他们与一些动物救助组织合作的情况。他们支持各种不同的组织，从营救行动到照顾等等，努力为动物提供保护和帮助。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team部分中“RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviation Animal Rescue Team (PAART) to purchase a new and bigger plane for its rescue missions which bring animals from danger to safety. (RRF帮助匹兹堡航空动物救援队(PAART)购买了一架更大的新飞机，用于将动物从危险地带带到安全地带的救援任务。)”可知，PAART通过飞机执行动物救援任务。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据National Disaster Search Dog Foundation部分中“National Disaster Search Dog Foundation (SDF) works to find and train shelter dogs who have the talent and drive to become search and rescue animals. (国家灾难搜索犬基金会(SDF)致力于寻找和训练有天赋和动力成为搜索和救援动物的收容所狗。)”可知，SDF致力于寻找和训练有天赋和动力成为搜索和救援动物的收容所狗。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rachael Ray Save Them All Grants部分中“The money has been awarded to organizations across the country to fund initiatives such as adoption drives and shelter intake prevention efforts.(这笔钱已被授予全国各地的组织，用于资助收养运动和预防收容工作等举措。)”以及North Shore Animal League America Disaster Relief Grants部分中“This program, administered by North Shore Animal League America (NSALA), provides money for animal welfare organizations impacted by disasters. (这个项目由美国北岸动物联盟(NSALA)管理，为受灾害影响的动物福利组织提供资金。)”可知，这两个项目都为动物福利倡议提供财政援助。故选C。
B
It was just after 17:00 on a mid-September evening at a historical Church in Harlem, New York City. Mostly the low-income black neighborhood sat at dining tables. In front of them was a menu listing three courses, which they only saw on TV. Each dish was prepared with “leftover” ingredients(食材), offered free of charge and placed alongside a blue card that read “you are loved” in hand-written script.
This-is-one of 14 community centers created around the world in cities like Milan, Paris, Mérida, Lima, Sydney and now New York through three-Michelin starred chef Massimo Bottura’s Food for Soul project. He started the project in 2016 with his wife, Lara Gilmore, to help fight the global problem of food waste-by using ingredients that might otherwise be thrown away by suppliers and to give socially and economically vulnerable people access to high quality meals.
Partnering with architects, artists and community leaders, the project is transforming spaces, which are not fully taken advantage of, such as churches and even a historical home into intentionally designed cultural centers equipped with kitchens, dining rooms and other facilities that help create a sense of well-being, connection and inclusion.
When I asked Bottura why he created such thoughtful. meals within beautifully appointed spaces for the low-income, he told me that everyone deserves respect and beauty-and of course, healthy food. “They come in and are completely lost because they’re not used to coming into beautiful places, like this. But once they’re here, they realize that this place is their place. It’s not my place,” he said.
Bottura’s philosophy is one that comes from the heart. T-shirts worm by volunteers at his community centers say “cooking is an act of love”, and he approaches the food served there with as much care as he does at his restaurants — “probably even more”, he said since the diners are extremely stressed and need healthy food to feel better. Bottura insists that it’s important to change the language around the food served in his community centers.
24. Why does the author describe such a scene in the first paragraph
A. To introduce Bottura’s project. B. To show the appeal of the dishes.
C. To emphasize the warm atmosphere. D. To explain how the event is organized.
25. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Privileged. B. Independent. C. Conservative. D. Disadvantaged.
26. Which of the following best describes Massimo Bottura
A. Skilled and strict. B. Caring and considerate.
C. Wealthy and humorous. D. Economical and influential.
27. What fundamental philosophy does Massimo Bottura express
A. Respect and beauty are for all. B. Beautiful places inspire respect.
C. Cooking should be a profession. D. Community centers bring people together.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章主要讲述了意大利厨师Massimo Bottura通过他的Food for Soul项目，在贫困社区创建社区中心，为弱势群体提供高质量的餐食。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“It was just after 17:00 on a mid-September evening at a historical Church in Harlem, New York City. Mostly the low-income black neighborhood sat at dining tables. In front of them was a menu listing three courses, which they only saw on TV. Each dish was prepared with “leftover” ingredients(食材), offered free of charge and placed alongside a blue card that read “you are loved” in hand-written script.(那是9月中旬的一个晚上，刚过17点，在纽约市哈莱姆区一座历史悠久的教堂里。大多数低收入的黑人都坐在餐桌旁。他们面前是一份菜单，上面有三道菜，他们只在电视上看到过。每一道菜都是用“剩余”的食材准备的，免费提供，旁边放着一张手写的蓝色卡片，上面写着“你被爱着”。)”以及第二段中“This-is-one of 14 community centers created around the world in cities like Milan, Paris, Mérida, Lima, Sydney and now New York through three-Michelin starred chef Massimo Bottura’s Food for Soul project.( 通过米其林三星厨师Massimo Bottura的Food for Soul项目，在米兰、巴黎、姆姆萨里达、利马、悉尼和纽约等城市建立了14个社区中心，这是其中之一。)”可知，第一段描述场景是为了引出文章要介绍的Food for Soul项目。故选A。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面内容“He started the project in 2016 with his wife, Lara Gilmore, to help fight the global problem of food waste-by using ingredients that might otherwise be thrown away by suppliers(2016年，他和妻子Lara Gilmore开始了这个项目，通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题)”以及后面的“people access to high quality meals(人们可以享用高质量的食物)”可知，Massimo Bottura和妻子创建项目是通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并将这些材料为社会和经济弱势群体享用高质量的食物，故划线词与D选项“Disadvantaged.(贫困的)”为同义词。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“He started the project in 2016 with his wife, Lara Gilmore, to help fight the global problem of food waste-by using ingredients that might otherwise be thrown away by suppliers and to give socially and economically vulnerable people access to high quality meals.( 他与妻子Lara Gilmore于2016年启动了这个项目，通过使用供应商可能会丢弃的食材，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并为社会和经济弱势群体提供高质量的膳食。)”以及第三段中“Partnering with architects, artists and community leaders, the project is transforming spaces, which are not fully taken advantage of, such as churches and even a historical home into intentionally designed cultural centers equipped with kitchens, dining rooms and other facilities that help create a sense of well-being, connection and inclusion.( 该项目与建筑师、艺术家和社区领袖合作，将教堂甚至历史住宅等未被充分利用的空间转变为精心设计的文化中心，配有厨房、餐厅和其他设施，有助于创造一种幸福感、联系感和包容性。)”可知，Massimo Bottura通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并为社会和经济弱势群体提供高质量的膳食；并且还与建筑师、艺术家和社区领袖合作，将教堂甚至历史住宅等未被充分利用的空间转变为精心设计的文化中心，配有厨房、餐厅和其他设施，有助于创造一种幸福感、联系感和包容性。由此体现出他是一个关怀和体贴他人的人。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“When I asked Bottura why he created such thoughtful. meals within beautifully appointed spaces for the low-income, he told me that everyone deserves respect and beauty-and of course, healthy food. (当我问Bottura为什么要创作这么有思想的作品时。他告诉我，每个人都应该得到尊重和美丽，当然，还有健康的食物。)”可知，Bottura做这一切的想法基础是每个人都应该得到尊重和美丽，即尊重和美属于所有人。故选A。
C
In the late 1990s, two psychology researchers, were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did. The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.
The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience. Women were more likely to want to talk with someone about their stress, spend time with their loved ones, or channel their stress into caring for others. She wondered if it was possible that science had gotten stress wrong.
Klein dug deeper into the science, and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males. So Klein studied the social side of stress, especially in women. Looking at both animal and human research, she found evidence that stress can increase caring, cooperation, and compassion (同情).
While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.
The tend-and-befriend theory doesn’t say that stress always leads to caring—stress can indeed make us angry and defensive. It simply says that stress can make people more caring. And when we care for others, it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage.
I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst(催化剂) for courage and connection.
28. What does the joke in paragraph I show
A. Male scientists are smarter than female scientists.
B. Female scientists are friendlier than male scientists.
C. Men tend to seek a temporary escape from pressure.
D. Women care for each other when they are under stress.
29. Why did Laura keep the joke in her mind
A. It didn’t fit with her life experience.
B. It had the same topic as her new book.
C. It went against previous psychology research.
D. It indicated the inequalities between women and men.
30. What do we know about the tend-and-befriend theory
A. It is applicable to both men and women. B. It suggests stress always leads to caring.
C. It proves the fight-or-flight response wrong. D. It shows men are more defensive than women.
31. What does the author’s book aim to do
A. Provide evidence for her research.
B. Explain the fight-or-flight response.
C. Make suggestions on how to respond to stress positively.
D. Demonstrate women’s and men’s different responses to stress.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。女性在面临压力时会互相关心，这种“照顾与友善”理论同样适用于男性。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.(这些人会消失在他们的办公室里。女人们会带着饼干参加实验室会议，并通过咖啡增进感情。她们开玩笑说，忘记战斗或逃跑吧。妇女们在照顾和友善。)”可推知，第一段中的笑话说明了女性在面临压力时会互相关心。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience..(这个笑话深深地印在了其中一位女性研究员劳拉·库西诺·克莱因 (Laura Cousino Klein) 的脑海中。心理学研究表明压力会导致攻击性，但她的经历并非如此。)”可知，劳拉把这个笑话记在了心里是因为它与之前的心理学研究很不同，它违背了之前的心理学研究。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.(虽然“照顾与交友”理论最初是为了研究女性对压力的反应，但它很快就扩展到包括男性。在压力时期，男性和女性都会变得更加信任、慷慨并愿意保护他人。)”可知，“照顾与友善”理论适用于男性和女性。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst( 催化剂 ) for courage and connection.(我写《压力的好处》一书就是为了这个目的：帮助你发现自己的力量和同情心。看到压力的好处并不是要决定压力是好还是坏。这是关于如何选择在压力中看到好处可以帮助您应对生活中的挑战。照顾和交友是最好的方法之一，并将你自己的压力转化为勇气和联系的催化剂。)”可推知，作者写这本书的目的是就如何积极应对压力提出建议。故选C。
D
It was long theorized that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex(额叶皮层) of the brain, which is considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.
The study of decision-making in rats may help scientists find the roots of flawed decision-making common to mental health disorders such as addiction, the authors say. They used-a new tool to manipulate(操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to them receiving rewards or no rewards. If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward. The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices.
Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.”
Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain calculations were disrupted(扰乱)in animals that had taken methamphetamine. “Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans,” Groman said.
32. How was Yale’s research different from the previous theory
A. It defined the function of different brain regions.
B It identified specific circuits involved in decision-making.
C. It focused on the connection between choices and memories.
D. It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher-order thinking.
33. What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman’s words
A. Memories are related to all the three circuits.
B. People base their decisions on personal preferences.
C. The three circuits are all of vital importance in making decisions.
D. The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely.
34. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A. The limitations of the present study. B. A description of the research method.
C. A possible reason for the study findings. D. The potential application of the conclusion.
35. What might be the best title for the text
A. How people get addicted and cured
B. How making decisions influences our brain
C. How our brain develops when facing choices
D. How the brain helps us make good decisions and bad ones
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大脑中的三个回路如何帮助我们做出好或坏的决定。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.
(然而，耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将哪些过去的选择存储在记忆中。)”可知，耶鲁大学的研究与之前不同在于它确定了参与决策的特定回路。故选择B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones. (一个比较是决定在一家餐厅用餐。例如，如果没有“好的选择”循环，可能不会的回到食物好吃餐厅；如果没有“坏的选择”回路，你可能无法避开带食物不好的餐厅。第三个“记忆”回路在做出决定时至关重要，比如在吃了几顿好饭之后，是否要回到餐厅。)”可知这三个回路对于我们作出决定都有着至关重要的影响，故选择C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans(因为我们使用的测试与人类决策研究中使用的测试相似，我们的发现与人类有直接相关性，有助于寻找治疗人类药物滥用的新方法)”可知本段主要讲述的是研究结论的潜在应用。故选择D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.( 耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将过去的哪些选择存储在记忆中)”可知本文主要讲述的是大脑如何帮助我们作出好或坏的决定，故选择D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Get Better at Saying No
When rejecting a request, “no” is a short, simple word that can cause anxiety for the person trying to say it. The following strategies can help you get better at saying no.
Be intentional about what you communicate
____36____Sure, but as psychologist Vanessa Bohns points out, only saying a “no” is often pretty uncomfortable for the asker. Instead, she advises communicating three things: “It’s not because of me, it’s not because of you, and it’s not because of us.” One way to do that is by thanking people for thinking of you.____37____Then, follow up with a short explanation: “I wish I could, but I just don’t have the time right now.” That helps make it clear that your “no” isn’t a poor reflection of your own character; it’s not the other person; and it’s not a disapproval of the relationship, Bohns says.
Have a planned phrase for more informal encounters.
Not every situation, of course, calls for such a thoughtful approach. Think through times when you’ve gotten stressed over delivering a quick “no”, and then brainstorm phrases you could use in the future. Bohns, for example, is often asked to donate to some cause or another as she checks out at the grocery store.____38____“It’s true, and it’s a way of saying, essentially, that I’m still a good person,” she says.
___39___
There’s always that one guy who won’t take “no” for an answer. If someone is applying too much pressure, adopt what psychologist Ellen Hendriksen describes as the broken-record technique.____40____Occasionally, the asker will get annoyed, but usually after repeating yourself two or three times, even the most persistent (执着的) people will get the message.
A. She says no directly.
B. That is, stick to your answer.
C. Adopt the broken-record technique.
D. It’s not worth repeating your request again and again.
E. She now has a go-to response: “I already donated this year.”
F. You might hear that “no” is a convenient word for declining requests.
G. This makes them relieved that they didn’t do anything wrong by asking.
【答案】36. F 37. G 38. E 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是更好地说“不”的一些策略。
【36题详解】
空后“Sure, but as psychologist Vanessa Bohns points out, only saying a “no” is often pretty uncomfortable for the asker. (当然，但正如心理学家Vanessa Bohns指出的那样，只说“不”通常会让请求者感到很不舒服)”说明只说“不”通常会让请求者感到很不舒服，but表转折，因此空格处应该说一般会觉得说“不”是可以的，F选项“You might hear that “no” is a convenient word for declining requests.(你可能听说“no”是一个用来拒绝请求的方便词)”说明了“不”是一个用来拒绝请求的方便词，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
【37题详解】
空前“One way to do that is by thanking people for thinking of you. (其中一个方法就是感谢别人想到你了)”说明了感谢别人想到你这种方法，空格处应该说这么做的好处，G选项“This makes them relieved that they didn’t do anything wrong by asking. (这让他们松了一口气，因为他们没有因为要求你而做错任何事)”说明了感谢别人想到你这种方法的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
空前“Bohns, for example, is often asked to donate to some cause or another as she checks out at the grocery store. (例如，当Bohns在杂货店结账时，她经常被要求为这样或那样的事业捐款。)”举出了Bohns被要求捐款的例子，空格处应该说她的回答，E选项“She now has a go-to response: “I already donated this year.” (现在，她的回答是：“我今年已经捐过了。”)”说明的是她的回答，且其中的donate和前面的donate相一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“If someone is applying too much pressure, adopt what psychologist Ellen Hendriksen describes as the broken-record technique. (如果有人给你的压力太大，那就采用心理学家Ellen Hendriksen所说的“破纪录法”)”可知，本段主要讲的是采用“破纪录法”，因此C选项“Adopt the broken-record technique. (采用打破记录的技巧)”概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题，故选C。
【40题详解】
空前“If someone is applying too much pressure, adopt what psychologist Ellen Hendriksen describes as the broken-record technique. (如果有人给你的压力太大，那就采用心理学家Ellen Hendriksen所说的“破纪录法”)”提出了“破纪录法”，空格处应该解释这是一种什么方法，这种方法具体的做法是什么，B选项“That is, stick to your answer. (也就是说，坚持你的答案)”解释了前面这种技巧的具体做法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.
Gwyn is still working with a team as____41____as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be____42____at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll ___43___when I feel I can’t do it.”
Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He___44___ his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything____45____than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.
Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each____46____from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.
The worst____47____tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “____48____”, but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride (泰然处之).
“It’s annoying but there’s no point____49____it because that’s the job and we just have to___50___ it” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for____51____again.”
TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the____52____of Carmarthen station”.
Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he___53___, “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) ___54___ example to us all on how to show___55___ in your work.”
41.
A. silently B. gracefully C. energetically D. cautiously
42.
A. working B. driving C. learning D. farming
43.
A. continue B. concentrate C. hesitate D. finish
44.
A. applies B. exposes C. owes D. devotes
45.
A. weaker B. stronger C. cheaper D. colder
46.
A. room B. department C. hall D. carriage
47.
A. cabs B. shifts C. performances D. accidents
48.
A. rewarding B. exciting C. challenging D. surprising
49.
A. dreaming about B. complaining about C. contributing to D. submitting to
50.
A. break away from B. watch out for C. give way to D. get on with
51.
A. conductors B. workers C. passengers D. managers
52.
A. structure B. reform C. schedule D. platform
53.
A. suggested B. added C. questioned D. responded
54.
A. true B. poor C. interesting D. hopeful
55.
A. depression B. curiosity C. bravery D. pride
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Gwyn和他的团队在晚上精力充沛地清洁车厢，并为自己的工作感到自豪的故事。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Gwyn仍然和他的团队一样精力充沛地在晚上打扫18到26节车厢，他为自己的工作感到自豪。A. silently安静地；B. gracefully优雅地；C. energetically精力充沛地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night”可知，在晚上要打扫那么多车厢，他们得精力充沛。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没想到我80岁了还在工作。A. working工作；B. driving开车；C. learning学习；D. farming耕种。根据上文“Gwyn is still working”可知，Gwyn说没想到自己80岁了还在工作。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我真的很喜欢它，当我觉得我做不到的时候，我就会结束它。A. continue继续；B. concentrate集中；C. hesitate犹豫；D. finish结束。根据“when I feel I can’t do it”可知，当Gwyn做不到的时候就要结束这个工作。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于“吃得好，不喝比啤酒更烈的酒，减少吸烟”。A. applies应用；B. exposes暴露；C. owes归功于；D. devotes奉献。根据下文“eating well, not drinking anything___5__than a beer and cutting down on smoking”可知，他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于后面描述的一些好的习惯。owe to意思为：归功于，固定短语。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于“吃得好，不喝比啤酒更烈的酒，减少吸烟”。A. weaker更弱的；B. stronger更强的，更猛烈的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. colder更冷的。根据下文“than a beer”可知，他不喝比啤酒更烈的酒。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从晚上7:30工作到凌晨2:30，Gwyn和他的团队从上到下清洁每节车厢，包括出租车、厕所、桌子和地板。A. room房间；B. department部门；C. hall大厅；D. carriage车厢。根据第一空后的“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages”可知，Gwyn和他的团队从上到下清洁每节车厢。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的轮班往往是周六，威尔士交通（TW）表示，周六厕所“很有挑战性”，但Gwyn说他能从容应对。A. cabs驾驶室；B. shifts轮班；C. performances表演；D. accidents事故。根据下文“tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “__8__””可知，最糟糕的轮班是周六。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的轮班往往是周六，威尔士交通（TW）表示，周六厕所“很有挑战性”，但Gwyn说他能从容应对。A. rewarding值得的，有意义的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文“the toilets”和下文“but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride”可知，星期六厕所很有挑战性，但是Gwyn说他能从容应对。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义，因为这是我们的工作，我们必须继续下去。A. dreaming about梦想；B. complaining about抱怨；C. contributing to有助于；D. submitting to屈服于。根据上文“toilets can be “__8__””和“It’s annoying but”可知，星期六的厕所很有挑战性，这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义，因为这是我们的工作，我们必须继续下去。A. break away from脱离；B. watch out for当心；C. give way to让位给，让步给；D. get on with继续做，继续进行。根据上文“because that’s the job”可知，因为是工作，所以就要继续干下去。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：必须有人把它重新美化一下，以供乘客使用。A. conductors售票员；B. workers工人；C. passengers乘客；D. managers经理。根据上文“Someone has to get it looking nice for”可知，Gwyn他们清洁厕所，是为了焕然一新供乘客使用。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：TfW的清洁经理Wendy Jones热情地将Gwyn描述为“Carmarthen车站结构的一部分”。A. structure结构；B. reform改革；C. schedule时间表；D. platform平台。根据第二段“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night”可知，Gwyn的团队清洁车厢，所以Wendy Jones将Gwyn描述为“Carmarthen车站结构的一部分”。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. suggested建议；B. added补充说；C. questioned质问；D. responded回答。根据空后“The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) __14__ example to us all on how to show__15___ in your work”可知，空后内容是他补充说的内容。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. true真正的；B. poor穷的；C. interesting有趣的；D. hopeful有希望的。根据上文“The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night”可知，Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准是真正的榜样。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. depression抑郁；B. curiosity好奇心；C. bravery勇气；D. pride自豪。根据第二段“But I really love it”可知，此处表示“对自己的工作感到自豪”。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Mount Fanjing National Nature Reserve is located in the northeastern part of Tongren City in the Province of Guizhou. With a total area of 43, 411 hectares (公顷) and 96.5 percent forest ____56____ (cover), this nature reserve is home to many rare and endangered species such as the grey snub-nosed monkey, the Chinese Dove tree, the Fanjingshan Fir tree, ____57____ an old-growth forest eco-system. Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams ____58____ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls ___59___ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for ____60____ even more spectacular landscape.
In January of 2013, Tongren City officially applied ____61____ (consider) as a world heritage site. In October of the same year, Fanjing____62____ (add) to China’s tentative (试验性的) list of national natural heritage. In February of this year, together with UNESCO, China formally supported the application of Guizhou’s Mount Fanjing ___63___ World Heritage status (地位): These applications aim to protect, Mount Fanjing’s old-growth forest ecosystem and rare flora and fauna, while at the same time exploiting ____64____ (it) ecological products, promoting sustainable local socio-economic development, and ____65____ (ultimate) achieving a productive balance between protection and development.
【答案】56. coverage
57. and 58. flowing
59. which##that
60. an 61. to be considered
62. was added
63. for 64. its
65. ultimately
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是梵净山国家级自然保护区的相关情况。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：该自然保护区总面积为43411公顷，森林覆盖率为96.5%，是许多珍稀濒危物种的家园，如灰金丝猴、中国鸽树、梵净山冷杉和古老的森林生态系统。forest coverage是固定用法，意为“森林覆盖”，因此空格处是coverage。故填coverage。
【57题详解】
考查连词。句意：该自然保护区总面积为43411公顷，森林覆盖率为96.5%，是许多珍稀濒危物种的家园，如灰金丝猴、中国鸽树、梵净山冷杉和古老的森林生态系统。the Fanjingshan Fir tree和an old-growth forest eco-system是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。can find是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，streams和flow之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。作后置定语，故填flowing。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词waterfalls是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。landscape是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，even是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
【61题详解】
考查不定式和被动语态。句意：2013年1月，铜仁市正式申请列入世界遗产名录。apply to do sth.意为“申请做某事”，Tongren City和consider之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态，即to be done，故填to be considered。
【62题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：同年10月，梵净山被列入中国国家自然遗产暂定名录。由In October of the same year可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，Fanjing和add之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语Fanjing是单数，因此空格处是was added。故填was added。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。the application for是固定短语，意为“……的申请”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。
【64题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。it和ecological products之间是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。空格处用副词修饰动词achieving，ultimate的副词是ultimately，意为“最终”。故填ultimately。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是学生会主席李华。请为校英文报写一则招新启事, 欢迎同学们加入到学校英语社团，启事内容包括：
1. 介绍社团的活动；
2.参加社团的好处；
3.加入社团的方式.
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Welcome to Our English Club
March 28, 2024
Welcome to our English club!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
English Club
【答案】Welcome to Our English Club
March 28, 2024
Welcome to our English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.
You can participate in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on. These after-class activities could offer you abundant opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful in strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English will undoubtedly give you a competitive advantage over your peers.
You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via englishclub@. The deadline for entries is April 9. Come on, and join us now!
English Club
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英文报写一则招新启事, 欢迎同学们加入到学校英语社团。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出的：outstanding→remarkable/distinguished
参加：participate in→ take part in
提供：offer→provide
首先：first→ first of all
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You can participate in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on.
拓展句：You can participate in a variety of activities which include staging musical dramas, holding group discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English.（运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】A good command of English will undoubtedly give you a competitive advantage over your peers.（运用了一般将来时的结构）
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I challenge you to a hundred-meter race,” my opponent, Julius, declared. He had beaten me countless times during practice, but I wanted to prove him wrong for a change. “That’ll wipe the smile off his face!” I thought, even as fear started to pool in my stomach. He was well-known around the school for being the fastest runner on the track-and-field team, while I tailed behind in second place- a respectable position, but not yet good enough to surpass(超过)him. Nevertheless, I shook his hand and said, “Challenge accepted!” However, negative thoughts flooded my mind. Would I be able to win After all, Julius’ speed of light would guarantee a sure win!
Soon, all my friends and the teachers had gathered around to watch the challenge. “Oh no, I will lose and be embarrassed in front of the whole school!” I spoke in a low voice. Nevertheless, I turned my worried expression into a determined smile. To keep myself from sinking into self-doubt, I did some stretches and jumping jacks to warm up my body.
Finally, the crucial moment arrived. The referee(裁判)fired the starting gun and we took off like a shot. Adrenaline(肾上腺素) rocketed through my body as I launched myself forward. True to my expectations, Julius caught up with me easily and was in the lead! “No way will I lose! Victory, here I come!” I motivated myself as anger coursed through my body. As the race progressed, my eyes locked onto Julius, his athletic form effortlessly moving ahead. His quick steps and strong focus showcased his impressive skills. Yet, I refused to let doubt consume me. A fierce fire burnt within, fueled by a mix of unwillingness to admit defeat and anger. How dare he assume he was unbeatable With every step, my determination solidified(变坚定), and my resolve to surpass him strengthened.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Faster!” I screamed and in that instant, I felt like Superman.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Yi Rou! Yi Rou! Yi Rou!” The whole school was cheering my name!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 “Faster!” I screamed and in that instant, I felt like Superman. Julius was still ahead of me. My eyes nearly popped out of my head. The war continued but the finishing line was within reach. Using my last ounce of energy, I raced past Julius! For the first time, I had passed the finishing line before Julius! Drops of sweat rolled down my cheeks, mixing with the intense expression on my face. This was not just a race – it was a representation of my willpower, a proof of the depths of my resolve.
“Yi Rou! Yi Rou! Yi Rou!” The whole school was cheering my name! I stood there excited. Julius, out of breath, reached out to shake my hand. “That was a brilliant race! I hope that I can race with you again.” Soon after, I collapsed as everyone came to congratulate me. They gave me warm pats on the back. I was so tired that all I managed to do was smile at them. “Thank you for all the support! It really was a challenge!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和对手朱利叶斯进行了一场百米赛跑，作者所有的朋友和老师都聚集在一起观看挑战，从原来的不自信到最后的胜利，作者感悟这不仅仅是一场比赛，也是自己意志力的体现。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘快!’我尖叫起来，那一刻，我觉得自己像超人。”可知，第一段可描写作者与朱利叶斯比拼的过程以及自己的感悟。
②由第二段首句内容“‘易柔!易柔!易柔!’整个学校都在为我的名字欢呼!”可知，第二段可描写作者领奖、朱利叶斯和大家的祝贺以及我的反应。
2.续写线索：坚持冲刺——超越对手——作者感悟——作者领奖——大家祝贺——作者的反应
3.词汇激活
行为类
①加速：race/accelerate/speed up/hasten/quicken
②混合：mix with/ blend/compound/combine
③给予：give/provide/offer
情绪类
①激动：intense/nervous/anxious
②精彩：brilliant /splendid/marvelous
【点睛】[高分句型1] Drops of sweat rolled down my cheeks, mixing with the intense expression on my face. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I hope that I can race with you again.(运用了宾语从句)

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