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专题12 阅读还原
【题型解读】
还原句子型阅读是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5、6选、7选5。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。
【命题规律】
【解题技巧】
在做阅读还原题时，首先要看标题读选项，预测文章大意并找出选项与文章对应的关键词；然后要读文章、找逻辑，抓过渡句和主题句。注意解题时先把握容易找出的逻辑关系，再解决有困难的题；最后，在完成所有选项后，要回读文章，核查逻辑关系。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意。
2．通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
3．根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
4．将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lantern Festival
The history of the Lantern Festival
The Lantern Festival is an important festival in China. It began 2, 000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. 1 . It also means the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. People celebrate the festival in many ways. The lantern show is the most important part of the festival. On the night of the festival, many lanterns are hung in the streets and parks. 2 . People often go out and watch the lantern show with their family and friends.
Lantern riddle games are also popular during the Lantern Festival. Riddles are written on colourful lanterns. 3 .
4
Tangyuan is the traditional food of the Lantern Festival. It can have many different filings and tastes. Shaped like a round ball, tangyuan is delicious. On the one hand, people eat tangyuan for good luck. On the other hand, the shape of tangyuan means family reunion (团圆).
The shows of the Lantern Festival
5 . In the daytime, people can enjoy the performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a Yangge dance and beating drums. At night, except for the beautiful lanterns, fireworks (烟花) form a beautiful scene. Some local governments usually organize a fireworks party.
People enjoy themselves during the Lantern Festival.
A．Shows are everywhere all day
B．The symbol of tangyuan
C．It is on the 15th day of the first lunar month
D．These lanterns light up the night during the festival
E．The food of the Lantern Festival
F．If someone gets the right answer, he or she will get a gift
G．Parents often take their children to the party
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．F 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文是元宵节的介绍。
1．根据“It also means the end of the Spring Festival celebrations.”可知它是春节的结束，此处应说明元宵节时间，选项C“那是在农历正月十五”符合，故选C。
2．根据“On the night of the festival, many lanterns are hung in the streets and parks.”可知，在节日的晚上，许多灯笼挂在街道和公园里。选项D“节日期间，这些灯笼照亮了夜晚”符合，故选D。
3．根据“Riddles are written on colourful lanterns.”可知，此处在介绍猜谜，选项F“如果有人答对了，他或她将得到一份礼物”符合，故选F。
4．根据“Tangyuan is the traditional food of the Lantern Festival.”可知，此处在介绍食物，选项E“元宵节的食物”符合，故选E。
5．根据“In the daytime, people can enjoy the performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a Yangge dance and beating drums”可知，此处在介绍节目演出，选项A“全天到处都有表演”符合，故选A。
（2024·陕西西安·三模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sailing a boat is great exercise, which can be enjoyed with family or friends. Many people all over the world sail each year. With some lessons and practice, you could be one of them. 6 .
Understand the basics (基础知识)
When you’re starting out in sailing, learn the basics first. 7 . It works like any sailboat-with sails to catch the wind and push the boat forward. The sailor, the person working the boat, has to be able to move the sails (舵) in order to direct the boat where they want it to go.
Find sailing near you
The most important lesson you can learn in sailing is how to do it safely, with the help of experienced sailing coaches. 8 . Then ask your parents to call them to find out what lessons or camps they have for kids in your age group.
Prepare for your lesson
As a beginner, your lesson will start on land. You’ll learn skills, like how to raise the sails by pulling on the lines. 9 . It includes the boat and a life vest (救生衣). Ask what type of shoes you should wear, and dress in clothes that will dry easily.
10
Remember to always wear your life vest on or near water, even when you’re on the dock (码头). Don’t go near a boat or take one out unless your parents agree, and never sail or swim alone.
A．Stay safe
B．Here’s how to get started for sailing a boat
C．You should begin on a small boat made for kids
D．The lesson should also provide most of what you need to sail
E．Don’t be alone
F．First, find sailing clubs and search for youth lessons near you
G．In fact, the basics are simple and easy to learn
【答案】6．B 7．C 8．F 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何开始航海。
6．根据下文可知，下文具体介绍了如何开始航海，所以空处是总起句，B选项“以下是如何开始航海”符合语境。故选B。
7．根据“It works like any sailboat-with sails to catch the wind and push the boat forward.”可知，此处建议以某种类型的船开始，C选项“你应该从一艘专为孩子们设计的小船开始”符合语境。故选C。
8．根据“The most important lesson you can learn in sailing is how to do it safely, with the help of experienced sailing coaches.”可知，此处提到了去某些俱乐部学习，向里面的教练学习，F选项“首先，找到帆船俱乐部，在附近寻找青少年课程”符合语境。故选F。
9．根据“It includes the boat and a life vest (救生衣). Ask what type of shoes you should wear, and dress in clothes that will dry easily”可知，要准备好乘船旅行的东西，D选项“本课程还应提供航行所需的大部分内容”符合语境，故选D。
10．根据“Remember to always wear your life vest on or near water”可知，本段的建议是与“安全”有关，A选项“保持安全”符合语境，故选A。
（2024·山东济南·一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
11 Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds (杂草). The trouble is, these weed killers also kill wildlife, pollute rivers and are bad for the fields. 12 This kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90%. The robot is really smart because it only kills weeds but not crops.
13
Several cameras are built into the robot. The cameras facing the ground take photos to help the robot “see” the plants it passes.
The robot compares each photo to a library of plant photos to decide on which plants are weeds.
Robot arms move into position to give a small dose (剂量) of weedkiller on the weeds.
The robot is energy-friendly. 14
How the robot will develop
The scientists do not want to just stop at the achievement they have made. 15 The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds and dig them out instead of weedkillers.
Robots could be programmed to leave some harmless weeds in the fields to support wildlife living there.
A．But scientists have created a farmyard robot.
B．It is powered by the energy from the sun.
C．Where the robot is used
D．They’re working on the new designs to improve the model.
E．How the robot works
F．Why do farmers choose the robot to work in their field
G．How do farmers usually kill weeds in the fields
【答案】11．G 12．A 13．E 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文介绍了一种农场机器人，它可以减少化学污染。
11．根据“Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds (杂草)”可知，他们中的许多人使用化学物质来除草。选项G“农民通常怎样除田里的杂草”符合语境，故选G。
12．根据“This kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90%.”可知，介绍了一种可以除杂草的机器人。选项A“但是科学家们已经创造了一个农场机器人”符合语境，故选A。
13．根据下面三段内容可知，介绍的是机器人的工作原理。选项E“机器人是如何工作的”符合语境，故选E。
14．根据“The robot is energy-friendly”可知，机器人很节能。选项B“它是由太阳能驱动的”符合语境，故选B。
15．根据“The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds and dig them out instead of weedkillers.”可知，科学家正在对机器人进行改进。选项D“他们正在进行新设计以改进模型”符合语境，故选D。
（2024·江西九江·一模）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整，并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑，一空一句。
Dragon or Loong
As we enter the year 2024, are we celebrating “the Year of the Dragon”, or “the Year of the Loong” In the west, dragons are famous in movies like The Lord of the Rings. 16 Let’s look at the differences and what they mean in their cultures.
17 It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic. and danger. And it is often seen as a symbol of bad things. 18 In the story, Smaug shows us what happens when people are too greedy (贪婪的). He wants too much power and all the gold and treasures, which shows us the bad sides of humans.
In Chinese stories, the loong looks like it’s made up of nine different animals. 19 But the amazing thing is that it can fly even though it doesn’t have wings.
The loong is deeply admired by Chinese people. 20 The loong has held an important place in Chinese culture for ages.
Interestingly, Chinese people often call themselves “descendants of the loong (龙的传人)”. So, when we say “the year of the loong”, it might be a better way to describe the special year compared to “the year of the dragon”.
A．It’s long and looks a bit like a snake.
B．They think it can bring them good luck.
C．What sets the dragon apart from the loong
D．The western dragon is a scary animal in many stories.
E．“Loong” has been used in the past to describe dragons.
F．But are these dragons the same as the loong in Chinese culture
G．For example, Smaug is a famous dragon in a book called The Hobbit.
【答案】16．F 17．D 18．G 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文比较中西方的龙有什么区别，以及在不同的文化中意味着什么。
16．根据“Let’s look at the differences”可知，要看看区别，所以提出两种龙是否一样，选项F“但是这些龙和中国文化中的龙是一样的吗？”符合语境，故选F。
17．根据“It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic. and danger. And it is often seen as a symbol of bad things.”可知，它有大翅膀，会喷火。它代表着力量，魔法。和危险。它通常被视为坏事的象征。此处介绍西方的龙，选项D“西方的龙在许多故事中都是一种可怕的动物。”符合语境，故选D。
18．根据“In the story, Smaug shows us what happens when people are too greedy (贪婪的).”可知，此处提到史矛革，选项G“例如，史矛革是《霍比特人》一书中著名的龙。”符合语境，故选G。
19．根据“In Chinese stories, the loong looks like it’s made up of nine different animals.”可知，此处介绍在中国故事中龙的样子，选项A“它很长，看起来有点像蛇。”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据“The loong is deeply admired by Chinese people.”可知，龙深受中国人的喜爱，此处介绍原因，选项B“他们认为它能给他们带来好运。”符合语境，故选B。
（2024·湖北·一模）
阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
It’s said that failure is the best teacher, but do you want to fail Your answer must be no. 21
Researchers at the University of Arizona, US found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. 22 In their experiments, they taught computers to do simple tasks, such as picking an odd or even number (奇数或偶数). They found that when the error rate (错误率) was 15 percent, the computers learned faster.
In education, teachers think students learn better when they are challenged to learn something outside of their knowledge. 23 But if they are too easy, students will not pick up anything useful.
However, the “sweet spot (有效点)” is unknown. This experiment found that the answer is 15 percent. Students don’t have to be sad if they aren’t 100-percent right all the time.
If failure is normal, then how do we learn from it and succeed Another study by Northwestern University, US, can tell us.
You’ve probably heard the saying “ 24 ” However, the study found that persistence (坚持) only works if you learn from your failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard.
25 The faster you fail, the better your chances of success. But the more time you take between tries, the more likely you are to fail again.
A．Actions speak louder than voice.
B．If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.
C．Hard tasks will cause students to give up easily.
D．The time taken between different tries also matters.
E．They carried out some experiments to support the finding.
F．However, some studies have shown that failure is not a bad thing.
【答案】21．F 22．E 23．C 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文主要说明了失败的作用，告诉人们：失败并不是一件糟糕的事情。
21．根据“Researchers at the University of Arizona, US found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things.”可知，此处需选一个承上启下的过渡句，且跟研究有关，选项F“然而，一些研究表明，失败并不是一件坏事”符合语境。故选F。
22．根据“In their experiments, they taught computers to do simple tasks, such as picking an odd or even number (奇数或偶数).”可知，此处谈论科学家为了证明失败并不是一件坏事，做了一些实验，选项E“他们进行了一些实验来支持这一发现”符合语境。故选E。
23．根据“In education, teachers think students learn better when they are challenged to learn something outside of their knowledge.”可知，此处在谈论学生学习方面的问题，教师认为当学生面临学习知识之外的东西的挑战时，他们会学得更好，但可能困难的任务容易让人放弃，选项C“困难的任务会使学生很容易放弃”符合语境。故选C。
24．根据“However, the study found that persistence (坚持) only works if you learn from your failures.”可知，此处在谈论坚持不断尝试，选项B“如果第一次不成功，就尝试，再尝试”符合语境。故选B。
25．根据“The faster you fail, the better your chances of success. But the more time you take between tries, the more likely you are to fail again.”可知，此处在谈论尝试之间花费的时间，选项D“不同尝试之间的时间间隔也很重要”符合语境。故选D。
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）
To be a good cartoonist (漫画家) needs many skills, such as acting, dancing, music and writing. 26 If you want to create your own successful cartoon, start with writing. Besides, the character you draw must have its own life. Famous characters, like Tom, Jerry, Garfield and Charlie Brown, all have their own special personalities (个性).
27 If a cartoon does not have an interesting story, then people may not keep reading it. Think of your favorite comic books and you will find that some characters worked and some didn’t. 28
Some cartoons are drawn by hand, but many are drawn by the computer. If you have a cartoon that you want to sell, show it to people you know and ask them what is wrong with it. 29 If you only ask friends what they think, you will usually receive an answer that is designed not to hurt your feelings.
If you feel your work is good, begin by sending it to newspapers. Send your work to as many different companies as possible. Do not be unhappy if you are refused. 30 you work hard enough, you will be known by people one day.
A．You needn’t send your work to newspapers as long as it is good enough.
B．One of the most important skills to become a good cartoonist is writing.
C．If you are not refused at least once a day, you are not sending out enough work.
D．By asking what is wrong instead of what is right, you can receive a good answer.
E．The ones that worked were usually those with special characters and an interesting story.
F．Readers love pictures, but a good cartoonist knows there must also be an interesting story.
【答案】26．B 27．F 28．E 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了成功的漫画是怎样的，以及如何做才能成功。
26．根据“If you want to create your own successful cartoon, start with writing”可知，空处应提到了写作的重要性，B项“要成为一名优秀的漫画家，最重要的技能之一就是写作。”符合语境，故选B。
27．根据“If a cartoon does not have an interesting story, then people may not keep reading it.”可知，空处应是说漫画中“有趣的故事”，F项“读者喜欢图画，但是一个好的漫画家知道必须有一个有趣的故事。”符合语境，故选F。
28．根据“Think of your favorite comic books and you will find that some characters worked and some didn’t....”可知，这里提到了成功的漫画，E项“成功的通常是那些有特殊人物和有趣故事的漫画。”符合语境，故选E。
29．根据“If you have a cartoon that you want to sell, show it to people you know and ask them what is wrong with it”可知，这里是说拿自己的漫画给你认识的人看，问他们有什么问题，D项“问什么是错的，而不是问什么是对的，你可以得到一个好的答案。”符合语境，故选D。
30．根据“Do not be unhappy if you are refused.”可知，此处是介绍作品寄送后的结果，C项“如果你每天没有被拒绝至少一次，那么你就没有寄出足够的作品。”符合语境，故选C。
（2024·山西临汾·一模）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
How can you grow up Maybe part of growing up is learning to work things out all by yourself. 31
There are lots of reasons why you need help, for example, when you are doing schoolwork, solving a disagreement, or feeling worried or angry. 32 When you have problems, you may tell yourself that you should do it on your own. However, asking for help can move you forward more quickly.
Asking for help isn’t always easy. 33 You might think other people won’t want to get involved (牵涉) or they haven’t got time. If you think asking for help is a sign of weakness, it will make it harder to turn to another person.
Sometimes everyone finds things difficult, and you’re not the only one. 34 Sharing your story with others or asking them to listen to you takes great courage. Actually, when you ask for help, it takes away the pressure of solving problems alone.
35 By asking for help, you can practice speaking up what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re in trouble. This means you could be able to give a helping hand when someone needs it.
A．Asking for help is a brave action.
B．Other people might also need help.
C．There are other advantages as well.
D．These are all signs that you need help.
E．It can be difficult as you’re not sure who to turn to.
F．But you should also learn to ask for help when you’re in trouble.
【答案】31．F 32．D 33．E 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文主要是介绍独自解决问题的同时，也要学会遇到困难时勇敢地寻求帮助。
31．根据“Maybe part of growing up is learning to work things out all by yourself.”和“There are lots of reasons why you need help”可知独自解决问题也有需要帮助的时候，选项F“但是你也应该学会遇到困难时寻求帮助。”符合语境，故选F。
32．根据“for example, when you are doing schoolwork, solving a disagreement, or feeling worried or angry. ”可知这些都是需要帮助的情况，选项D“这些都是你需要帮助的迹象。”符合语境，故选D。
33．根据“Asking for help isn’t always easy.”可知是介绍困难在哪里，选项E“这可能很困难，因为你不确定该向谁求助。”符合语境，故选E。
34．根据“Sharing your story with others or asking them to listen to you takes great courage”可知分享自己的故事或者让别人聆听你需要勇气，选项A“寻求帮助是勇敢的行为。”符合语境，故选A。
35．根据“By asking for help, you can practice speaking up what you need.”可知是在介绍寻求帮助的好处，选项C“也有其他优点。”符合语境，故选C。
（2024·山西晋中·一模）
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文内容意思通畅，选项中有一项为多余项。
Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams.
What is a dream exactly 36 It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream.
37 What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. 38 And you will feel better after waking up.
Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. 39
Dreams may make you more creative, too. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. 40 In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play.
A．Anything is possible.
B．There the bad memories become less painful.
C．Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears.
D．However, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity.
E．They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks.
F．It means that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day.
【答案】36．F 37．C 38．B 39．E 40．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了做梦的好处。
36．根据“What is a dream exactly”可知，此处介绍梦是什么，选项F“这意味着在睡眠期间，你的大脑会回顾你一天中的经历”符合语境。故选F。
37．根据“While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space...And you will feel better after waking up”可知，当你睡觉的时候，大脑会在一个安全的梦境空间里回放痛苦的记忆，所以梦可以帮助处理忧虑和恐惧，选项C“梦可以帮助你处理忧虑和恐惧”符合语境。故选C。
38．根据“And you will feel better after waking up”可知，醒来后你会感觉好多了，选项B“在那里，糟糕的记忆变得不那么痛苦了”符合语境。故选B。
39．根据“Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn”可知，梦也能帮助你学习，选项E“他们说一个甜蜜的梦可能会帮助你获得更高的分数”符合语境。故选E。
40．根据“Dreams may make you more creative, too.”以及“In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream”可知，梦会让你更有创造力，但是还需要其他东西，这位词曲作者在做梦之前花了很多时间思考这首歌，选项D“然而，仅靠梦并不能带来创造力”符合语境。故选D。
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Do kids need homework Here’s what our readers said.
Peter, 9, the USA
Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. At my school, teachers give math and language arts homework. 41 Our homework tells our teachers who needs extra (额外的) help.
Olivia Lin, 9, Korea
In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. Kids need time after school for experiences that build a healthy mind and body. But when homework heaps up (堆起), students get stressed. 42 As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work.
Isla Dhaliwal-Grizzell, 8, India
43 They’re learning for eight hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. What’s worse, homework takes time away from activities like team sports, hobbies, exercise, and playing. 44 Kids don’t need more time looking at a piece of paper or a computer screen.
John Xia, 9, China
Here’s why I think kids should have homework. If you can’t solve a math problem, or if you answer a question incorrectly, your teacher knows exactly what to help you with. 45 They can work you through a math problem. I’m not arguing for homework. I just think it’s a way to let teachers, parents, and even you know where you might need some extra help.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Kids don’t need homework.
B．Parents also have a chance to help.
C．These are just as important as schoolwork.
D．That’s because there’s a lot we need to learn.
E．Doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework.
【答案】41．D 42．E 43．A 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是关于“家庭作业”这个话题，对几位学生的采访。
41．根据“At my school, teachers give math and language arts homework. ... Our homework tells our teachers who needs extra (额外的) help.”可知，此处介绍作业的作用，选项D“这是因为我们有很多东西需要学习。”符合语境，故选D。
42．根据“But when homework heaps up (堆起), students get stressed.”可知，但当作业堆积如山时，学生们就会感到压力，可能会导致做不好作业。选项E“做作业做得不好比不做作业更糟糕。”符合语境，故选E。
43．根据“They’re learning for eight hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day.”可知，此处说明不建议做作业，选项A“孩子们不需要家庭作业。”符合语境，故选A。
44．根据“What’s worse, homework takes time away from activities like team sports, hobbies, exercise, and playing. ... Kids don’t need more time looking at a piece of paper or a computer screen.”可知，家庭作业占用了像团队运动、爱好、锻炼和玩耍这样的活动的时间，但是这些活动和作业是一样重要的，选项C“这些和学校作业一样重要。”符合语境，故选C。
45．根据“If you can’t solve a math problem, or if you answer a question incorrectly, your teacher knows exactly what to help you with.”可知，此处介绍老师可以帮忙，选项B“父母也有机会提供帮助。”符合语境，故选B。
（2024·河南许昌·一模）
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气). Frost’s Descent (霜降), the 18th solar term of a year, usually begins on Oct. 23 or Oct. 24. 46 From that time, the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear.
During Frost’s Descent, people always eat apples. 47 There are many sayings about apples’ advantages in China, such as “Eat an apple after meals, and even old men can be as strong as young men”, just as the Western one goes, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
Besides, it’s a custom (习俗) to eat duck on the first day of Frost’s Descent in south Fujian Province. 48 They believe that it’s important to nourish (滋养) the human bodies on that day.
49 Some people choose to go climbing, enjoy red leaves, and experience the changes in nature. Some people enjoy going on a picnic and other activities to spend good times with family and friends. Besides, there are some traditional outdoor competitive games which can increase the fun of the solar term.
In short, Frost’s Descent is an important solar term in China. It seems that different places have different ways to celebrate the day. 50 From the activities above, people can feel the beauty of autumn.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．It is the last solar term of autumn.
B．It is said that eating apples is good for our health.
C．People also enjoy themselves in outdoor activities.
D．Eating duck is a way for people there to put on weight.
E．But the hope for being healthier and living a happier life is the same.
【答案】46．A 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了霜降这个节气。
46．根据前文“Frost’s Descent ( 霜降), the 18th solar term of a year, usually begins on Oct. 23 or Oct. 24.”可知，此处介绍霜降的时间。A选项“这是秋天的最后一个节气。”符合语境。故选A。
47．本段主要介绍吃苹果的习俗。B选项“据说吃苹果对我们的健康有好处。”符合语境。故选B。
48．本段主要介绍吃鸭肉的习俗。D选项“吃鸭肉是那里的人增加体重的一种方式。”符合语境。故选D。
49．由空后内容可知，此段介绍人们在霜降那天喜欢参与的户外活动。C选项“人们也喜欢户外活动”填在此处总领全段。故选C。
50．空前说似乎不同的地方有不同的方式来庆祝这一天。E选项“但是对更健康和更幸福的生活的希望是一样的。”填在此处语意顺承。故选E。
（2023·山东济南·中考真题）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all love spending time by the sea. Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year. 51 Most of us would say we feel healthier by the ocean. In the past, doctors would actually suggest spending time by the sea to their patients. And research has shown that people who live on the coast are more likely to believe their health is good compared to those living in a city. So how do we benefit, exactly
Well, to start with, it’s great for our mental (心理) health. Scientists have discovered that we have something called a blue mind. They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down. 52 This is why people who have trouble sleeping are often told to listen to recordings of the sound of waves hitting the beach to help them relax at bedtime.
53 We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too. 54 Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement. And the sea air is good for people with breathing problems too. There is less pollution in the air near the ocean and in autumn and winter the air is fresher. This is healthier than the dry air in homes with central heating. It has even been found that the chemicals in sea water may help us have healthy skin.
55 We look forward so much to having our next one!
A．Breathing the air in the city makes you more active.
B．Others usually have to wait for the next vacation.
C．Being by the sea is also good for our physical health.
D．Kids especially like to have fun by the sea in summer.
E．Naturally we often feel so great at the end of a seaside holiday.
F．The sound of them can help us relax and feel free from stress.
G．And if you take your walks on the beach, this is a lot better.
【答案】51．B 52．F 53．C 54．G 55．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何从海边受益。
51．根据“Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year.”可知，一些幸运的人可能住在海边，一年四季都能享受到好处。结合选项，此处是some...others...结构，选项B“其他人通常要等到下一个假期。”符合语境，故选B。
52．根据“They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down.”可知，他们已经证明，观察、倾听海浪或在海洋中可以帮助我们的大脑慢下来。此处提到帮助我们慢下来的大海的声音，选项F“它们的声音可以帮助我们放松，摆脱压力。”符合语境，故选F。
53．根据“We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too.”可知，当我们在海边度假时，我们外出的次数要多得多。我们经常在假期变得更活跃，住在海边的人通常也更活跃。此处提到在海边对人们的好处，选项C“在海边对我们的身体健康也有好处。”符合语境，故选C。
54．根据“Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement.”可知，在沙滩上行走比在人行道上行走更费力气。此处提到在沙滩上行走，选项G“如果你在沙滩上散步，这就好多了。”符合语境，故选G。
55．根据“We look forward so much to having our next one!”可知，我们非常期待我们的下一次，因为度假的经历很棒，所以期待下一次在海边度假。选项E“在海边度假结束时，我们自然会感觉很棒。”符合语境，故选E。
（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life is full of unexpected (始料不及的) moments. Whether these moments are surprising or challenging, we all need to face them bravely. 56 Here are four simple ways.
Take a deep breath
Breathing exercise can help relax us in both mind and body. We can breathe deeply through our nose, then blow slowly through our mouth. 57 .
Be creative
If we fail to express ourselves, we can turn to artistic outlets (艺术表现途径). 58 These can help us share our thoughts and feelings.
59
We can get good advice through reading. Good books are good friends. They can help us feel better after a busy day. They can also open up a whole new world to us.
Practise positive (积极的) self-talk
If we often practise negative (负面的) self-talk, we will think negatively about ourselves. 60
Shall we try these ways when we face the unexpected moments
A．Do some reading
B．We need to speak to someone we trust.
C．So we’d better talk to ourselves in a positive way.
D．Then, how can we students face these properly
E．This can be a great way to help us feel calm.
F．For example, we can colour, paint, or keep diaries.
G．Try different things to find out which one is right.
【答案】56．D 57．E 58．F 59．A 60．C
【导语】本文就学生该如何面对生活中始料不及的时刻给出了一些简单的方法。
56．根据“Here are four simple ways.”可知此处问该如何面对，D项“那么，我们学生该如何正确面对这些呢？”符合语境。故选D。
57．根据“Breathing exercise can help relax us in both mind and body.”可知深呼吸使人平静，E项“这是帮助我们感到平静的好方法。”符合语境。故选E。
58．根据“If we fail to express ourselves, we can turn to artistic outlets.”可知此处提到艺术表现途径，F项“例如，我们可以上色、画画或记日记。”符合语境。故选F。
59．根据“We can get good advice through reading.”可知建议读书，A项“读些书”符合语境。故选A。
60．根据“Practise positive self-talk”可知要积极与自己交谈，C项“所以我们最好用积极的方式与自己交谈。”符合语境。故选C。
（2023·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）
Choose the sentences to complete the passage.
We often have arguments in all relationships. But that is not always a bad thing. Sometimes we can choose to be in a win-win situation. What is important is how we manage the argument. 61
Treat each other with respect.
If your friend calls your names or makes fun of you, tell him or her to stop. 62 , walk away and tell him or her you do not want to talk any more. Respect has to be won and if you want people to respect you, do the same to them.
Listen to other people patiently.
When everyone is talking, who does the listening Listen to understand, not to reply. 63 Listening in silence is sometimes stronger than arguing in vain (徒劳无益).
64
If giving in to others can lead to a nice result, there is no need to argue just to win someone else. After all. solving an argument doesn’t have to be a tug-of-war (拔河).
In a word, we each should do our own part to deal with arguments. 65
A．If your friend continues
B．Give in when it is necessary.
C．If you don’t want to talk about your friend
D．The following suggestions might help you.
E．Do not be too quick to judge what you hear.
F．The more you talk, the better the result will be.
G．In this way, we can achieve a win-win situation.
【答案】61．D 62．A 63．E 64．B 65．G
【导语】本文主要针对如何处理争论提供了几点建议。
61．根据“What is important is how we manage the argument.”及下文的建议可知，此处应是一句承上启下的话，引出下文的建议，D选项“下面的建议可能会对你有所帮助”符合，故选D。
62．根据“If your friend calls your names or makes fun of you, tell him or her to stop”及“walk away and tell him or her you do not want to talk any more”可知，如果朋友取笑你，你可以要求停止，但是如果他不停止，你可以走开或者告诉他不想再聊了，A选项“如果你的朋友继续”符合，故选A。
63．根据“ Listening in silence is sometimes stronger than arguing in vain”可知，此处提到了注意倾听，E选项“不要急于判断你所听到的”符合，故选E。
64．根据“If giving in to others can lead to a nice result, there is no need to argue just to win someone else.”可知，B选项“在必要的时候让步”符合，本段的建议是与“让步”有关，故选B。
65．根据“In a word, we each should do our own part to deal with arguments. ”可知，此处是总结概括的一句话，G选项“这样，我们才能实现双赢”符合，故选G。
（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.
I suggested that we create small gardens.
First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school. 66 Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.
In a box of about one and a half by two feet, they were free to organize—soil, stones, leaves and grass. Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination. 67
One child created “water” that flowed into a “lake”; another child put grass in a way to represent “wind”; and yet another child tried hard to create shade... 68 That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.
69 If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.
Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own. 70
A．It will relax you.
B．Flowers like these are all around you.
C．The gardens were built many years ago.
D．Try spending time with nature yourself.
E．The gardens they made were really creative.
F．Once there, I let them try hard to empty their minds.
G．These children were often busy doing their schoolwork.
【答案】66．F 67．E 68．G 69．D 70．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者曾经给一群小学生上课，让他们创建小花园，借此希望大家都可以去亲近大自然，放松自己。
66．根据“First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school...Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.”可知此处是作者让学生们做的事情，选项F“一到那里，我就让他们努力清空他们的大脑。”符合语境，故选F。
67．根据“Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination.”可知学生们创造的小花园给作者留下了很深的印象，选项E“他们做的花园真的很有创意。”符合语境，故选E。
68．根据“That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.”可知应该介绍孩子们在创建自己的小花园时产生了极大的兴趣的原因，选项G“这些孩子经常忙着做功课。”符合语境，故选G。
69．根据“If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.”（如果你注意到地上有一块石头，就把它捡起来拿起来。当你在路边看到美丽的花朵时，停下来享受宜人的气味。）可知此处作者建议大家要亲近自然，选项D“试着自己花点时间亲近大自然。”符合语境，故选D。
70．根据“Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own.”可知此处应介绍在自己的脑海里，创造一个属于自己的小花园的好处，选项“它会让你放松。”符合语境，故选A。
（2023·湖南娄底·中考真题）
阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
In the Chinese Zodiac（生肖）culture there is a twelve-year cycle. Each year is represented（代表）by an animal. 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit! Rabbits are gentle and smart. 71
In Chinese tradition there is a Moon Goddess named Chang’e. She lives on the moon with her rabbit. 72 Besides, rabbits can have many babies in the nature. In the past, people thought the more children they had, the better their life would be.
73 There are some traditions about how to gain the rabbit’s good luck for people. For example, in the UK, people usually say the word “rabbit” three times on the first morning of every month. They’re looking forward to bringing themselves good luck for this whole month. 74 Many actors and actresses bring a rabbit’s foot with them and kiss the foot before the performance. In some parts of Northern Europe, it is common to give a child a white rabbit as a gift. 75
Rabbits in different countries are often considered as a symbol of good luck and wealth. No matter where you are, wish you a lucky and wealthy life in the Year of the Rabbit!
A．Rabbits are also seen to be lucky in Western culture.
B．They are very popular with people from all over the world.
C．In North America, a rabbit’s foot is one symbol of good luck.
D．It’s called the Moon Rabbit and helps Chang’e to make medicine.
E．It’s said that the gift of the white rabbit will bring the child a rich life.
F．The rabbis develop the friendship between China and western countries.
【答案】71．B 72．D 73．A 74．C 75．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了和兔子有关的文化。
71．根据“Rabbits are gentle and smart”以及下文内容可知兔子温柔聪明，所以很受欢迎，选项B“它们深受来自世界各地的人们的欢迎”符合语境。故选B。
72．根据“In Chinese tradition there is a Moon Goddess named Chang’e. She lives on the moon with her rabbit”可知此处介绍嫦娥和兔子的故事，选项D“它被称为月兔，帮助嫦娥制造药物”符合语境。故选D。
73．根据“There are some traditions about how to gain the rabbit’s good luck for people”可知兔子和好运有关，选项A“在西方文化中，兔子也被认为是幸运的”符合语境。故选A。
74．根据“Many actors and actresses bring a rabbit’s foot with them and kiss the foot before the performance”可知许多演员在表演前都会带上兔子的脚亲吻兔子的脚，选项C“在北美，兔子的脚是好运的象征之一”符合语境。故选C。
75．根据“In some parts of Northern Europe, it is common to give a child a white rabbit as a gift”可知在北欧的一些地区，送给孩子一只白兔作为礼物是很常见的，选项E“据说兔子的礼物会给孩子带来丰富的生活”符合语境。故选E。
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
Choosing a career isn’t always easy, but there are still some tips you can take to help make up your mind.
Don’t let other people decide what you should do.
Sometimes adults may want you to become a doctor, or work in banking, or be a teacher. Listen to them, but remember it’s your life and it’s your decision. 76
Consider what you are good at.
It’s true that things like salary are important, but don’t let them lead you down the wrong path. Follow your heart and your personality. 77 If you don’t like work which needs lots of attention to detail, think long and hard before you decide to do something like applying to study engineering at university. Your first decision isn’t forever.
78 They start a job, love it straight away and stick at it. But it isn’t always like that. So remember that you are allowed to change your mind. It’s not necessary to worry for years. Maybe your first job doesn’t turn out to be suitable for you. Maybe the right job for you is right around the corner!
79
Some people choose their career simply because they think they’ll make huge amounts of money. OK, if that is what you want. But, generally, people get more satisfaction out of their career if they feel they are doing something valuable for others. It doesn’t have to be charity work. 80 Just don’t forget that job satisfaction isn’t only about money.
A．Do something of value.
B．Others can decide your future.
C．Some lucky people get it right first time.
D．So be sure that you are the one who makes that decision.
E．It could be a job that helps other people in the community.
F．If you are very active, don’t choose an office job, even if the pay is good.
【答案】76．D 77．F 78．C 79．A 80．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何正确选择职业。
76．根据上文“Listen to them, but remember it’s your life and it’s your decision.”可知，本段内容告诉我们在选择职业时，我们可以倾听别人的建议，但要明确自己到底想做什么，自己做决定。选项D“因此确保你是做出决定的人。”符合语境。故选D。
77．根据上一句“Follow your heart and your personality.”和下一句“If you don’t like work which needs lots of attention to detail, think long and hard before you decide to do something like applying to study engineering at university.”可知，要遵从你自己的心和性格，并举例说明如果你不喜欢需要关注细节的工作，在决定申请大学学习工程之前，要仔细思考。此处应是举例说明工作应与自己的性格相关。选项F“如果你很活跃，不要选择办公室工作，即使薪水很高。”符合语境。故选F。
78．根据下一句“They start a job, love it straight away and stick at it.”可知，有些人开始了一份工作，很快爱上了它，并坚持了下去。说明这些人是幸运的。选项C“有些幸运的人第一次就做对了。”符合语境。故选C。
79．根据下文“But, generally, people get more satisfaction out of their career if they feel they are doing something valuable for others.”可知，这一段主要说明如果人们觉得自己在为他人做有价值的事情，他们会从自己的职业生涯中获得更多的满足感。由此可知工作应与有价值的事情有关。选项A“做一些有价值的事。”符合语境。故选A。
80．根据上一句“It doesn’t have to be charity work.”可知，有价值的事情不一定要是慈善工作，说明还可以是其他形式的工作。选项E“这可能是一份帮助社区其他人的工作。”符合语境。故选E。
（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）
Have you ever forgotten where your socks are when you wake up in the morning Can you remember what you ate for lunch a week ago 81 But now you should be thankful.
Scientists from the University of Toronto found that forgetting is actually a key part of learning. Clearing out unnecessary information can help our brains work better. 82 Scientists say that this may have something to do with the environment we live in. 83 For example, a supermarket cashier (收银员) meets many people every day and will probably only remember them for a short time. But a designer who often meets his or her customers will remember longer.
That’s because our brains keep making new neurons (神经元) from stem cells (干细胞), said Paul Frankland, a professor at the University of Toronto. There is a special area in our brains called the hippocampus (海马体). 84 When new neurons go into the hippocampus, they renew our old memories.
However, sleep has a great influence on our memories. 85 Sleep helps the brain store and keep new facts and information, said Matthew Walker from the University of California.
A．What kind of information is unnecessary
B．It is important for us when we learn and remember things.
C．You may think that being forgetful is not a good thing.
D．When we don’t have enough sleep, we may have a hard time remembering new information.
E．In an environment that is always changing, our brains may require us to remember less.
【答案】81．C 82．A 83．E 84．B 85．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们对于大脑记忆的新发现。遗忘是正常的，除去没用的信息，可以帮助人们更好地利用大脑工作和学习。
81．根据“But now you should be thankful.”可知but表示转折，前面应该是和“心存感激”相反的内容。选项C“你可能认为健忘不是一件好事。”符合语境，故选C。
82．根据“Clearing out unnecessary information can help our brains work better”可知此处讲的是清除不必要的信息可以帮助我们的大脑更好地工作。选项A“哪些信息是不必要的？”符合语境，故选A。
83．根据“Scientists say that this may have something to do with the environment we live in. ”可知此处讲述的是环境的影响。选项E“在一个不断变化的环境中，我们的大脑可能会要求我们记住更少。”符合语境，故选E。
84．根据“There is a special area in our brains called the hippocampus (海马体)”可知说的是人大脑里的海马体，选项B“当我们学习和记忆事物时，它对我们很重要。”符合语境，故选B。
85．根据“However, sleep has a great influence on our memories”可知睡眠对记忆力有很大的影响。选项D“当我们没有足够的睡眠时，我们可能很难记住新的信息。”符合语境，故选D。
（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. 86
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
87 : one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
88 , but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. 89 . For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. 90 , as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A．Three groups of plants were listened to
B．The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C．Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D．But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E．But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
【答案】86．E 87．A 88．B 89．D 90．C
【导语】本文介绍了一个研究，研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，这项研究有助于农民更好地照顾作物。
86．根据“This thing will never really happen.”以及“Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.”可知此处表明进行了一个研究，选项E“但一项新的研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音”符合语境。故选E。
87．根据“one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched”可知是有三组植物，选项A“有三组植物被倾听”符合语境。故选A。
88．根据“but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants”可知他们认为噪音来自植物里气泡的破裂，由此可推知转折词前表示研究人员不知道声音是如何产生的，选项B“研究人员不知道这些声音是如何发出的”符合语境。故选B。
89．根据“For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on.”可知此处介绍的是声音的好处，选项D“但动物和昆虫可能正在‘倾听’以从声音中受益”符合语境。故选D。
90．根据“as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，所以农民可以因此获益，选项C“研究人员表示，这项研究可以使农民在未来受益”符合语境。故选C。
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
Once upon a time, all the animals were called to an early meeting. As they gathered in the public square, one of them, the chicken, was seen by her neighbours going in the opposite direction. “Hey, Chicken! 91 ” they asked. “Didn’t you receive the invitation ”
“Yes, I did,” replied the chicken. “ 92 The thing is, I have some very important personal business that I must deal with. Now, please excuse me. 93 Please tell everyone at the meeting how sorry I am. Tell them that although I won’t be there in body, I will certainly be there in spirit! Whatever you decide, you can count on my complete support. Bye!”
The topic the animals would discuss was what to do with the order of the lion. The lion ordered them to give him something to eat. 94 Then they decided that they would offer the lion just one animal. All they asked in exchange was that the lion left the other animals in peace. 95 They chose the chicken.
A．I really must go home.
B．Why are you going away from the square
C．And I would of course come to the meeting.
D．They had a lively but surprisingly short discussion.
E．The decision about which animal to offer was reached without any disagreement.
【答案】91．B 92．C 93．A 94．D 95．E
【导语】本文是一则寓言，讲述了一只小鸡因缺席动物们的会议而被选为狮子的盘中餐的故事。
91．根据“As they gathered in the public square, one of them, the chicken, was seen by her neighbours going in the opposite direction. ‘Hey, Chicken!…’ they asked.”可知，动物们都在广场上参加会议，但是一只鸡离开了广场，于是其他动物询问原因。故B“你为什么要离开广场？”符合语境。故选B。
92．根据“Didn’t you receive the invitation ”及“‘Yes, I did,’ replied the chicken.”可知，小鸡收到了参加会议的邀请，表示自己当然会参加会议。故C“我当然会来参加会议。”符合语境。故选C。
93．根据“Now, please excuse me.…Please tell everyone at the meeting how sorry I am.”可知，小鸡有个人的事情需要处理，需要离开广场，因此表示抱歉。故A“我真的必须回家。”符合语境。故选A。
94．根据“The topic the animals would discuss was what to do with the order of the lion.…Then they decided that they would offer the lion just one animal.”可知，动物们围绕狮子的要求展开了讨论，然后做出了决定。故D“他们进行了一次生动但出奇简短的讨论。”符合语境。故选D。
95．根据“They chose the chicken.”可知，动物们一致决定选择小鸡作为狮子的盘中餐。故E“关于提供哪只动物的决定没有任何分歧。”符合语境。故选E。专题12 阅读还原
【题型解读】
还原句子型阅读是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5、6选、7选5。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。
【命题规律】
【解题技巧】
在做阅读还原题时，首先要看标题读选项，预测文章大意并找出选项与文章对应的关键词；然后要读文章、找逻辑，抓过渡句和主题句。注意解题时先把握容易找出的逻辑关系，再解决有困难的题；最后，在完成所有选项后，要回读文章，核查逻辑关系。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意。
2．通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
3．根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
4．将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Lantern Festival
The history of the Lantern Festival
The Lantern Festival is an important festival in China. It began 2, 000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. 1 . It also means the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. People celebrate the festival in many ways. The lantern show is the most important part of the festival. On the night of the festival, many lanterns are hung in the streets and parks. 2 . People often go out and watch the lantern show with their family and friends.
Lantern riddle games are also popular during the Lantern Festival. Riddles are written on colourful lanterns. 3 .
4
Tangyuan is the traditional food of the Lantern Festival. It can have many different filings and tastes. Shaped like a round ball, tangyuan is delicious. On the one hand, people eat tangyuan for good luck. On the other hand, the shape of tangyuan means family reunion (团圆).
The shows of the Lantern Festival
5 . In the daytime, people can enjoy the performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a Yangge dance and beating drums. At night, except for the beautiful lanterns, fireworks (烟花) form a beautiful scene. Some local governments usually organize a fireworks party.
People enjoy themselves during the Lantern Festival.
A．Shows are everywhere all day
B．The symbol of tangyuan
C．It is on the 15th day of the first lunar month
D．These lanterns light up the night during the festival
E．The food of the Lantern Festival
F．If someone gets the right answer, he or she will get a gift
G．Parents often take their children to the party
（2024·陕西西安·三模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sailing a boat is great exercise, which can be enjoyed with family or friends. Many people all over the world sail each year. With some lessons and practice, you could be one of them. 6 .
Understand the basics (基础知识)
When you’re starting out in sailing, learn the basics first. 7 . It works like any sailboat-with sails to catch the wind and push the boat forward. The sailor, the person working the boat, has to be able to move the sails (舵) in order to direct the boat where they want it to go.
Find sailing near you
The most important lesson you can learn in sailing is how to do it safely, with the help of experienced sailing coaches. 8 . Then ask your parents to call them to find out what lessons or camps they have for kids in your age group.
Prepare for your lesson
As a beginner, your lesson will start on land. You’ll learn skills, like how to raise the sails by pulling on the lines. 9 . It includes the boat and a life vest (救生衣). Ask what type of shoes you should wear, and dress in clothes that will dry easily.
10
Remember to always wear your life vest on or near water, even when you’re on the dock (码头). Don’t go near a boat or take one out unless your parents agree, and never sail or swim alone.
A．Stay safe
B．Here’s how to get started for sailing a boat
C．You should begin on a small boat made for kids
D．The lesson should also provide most of what you need to sail
E．Don’t be alone
F．First, find sailing clubs and search for youth lessons near you
G．In fact, the basics are simple and easy to learn
（2024·山东济南·一模）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
11 Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds (杂草). The trouble is, these weed killers also kill wildlife, pollute rivers and are bad for the fields. 12 This kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90%. The robot is really smart because it only kills weeds but not crops.
13
Several cameras are built into the robot. The cameras facing the ground take photos to help the robot “see” the plants it passes.
The robot compares each photo to a library of plant photos to decide on which plants are weeds.
Robot arms move into position to give a small dose (剂量) of weedkiller on the weeds.
The robot is energy-friendly. 14
How the robot will develop
The scientists do not want to just stop at the achievement they have made. 15 The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds and dig them out instead of weedkillers.
Robots could be programmed to leave some harmless weeds in the fields to support wildlife living there.
A．But scientists have created a farmyard robot.
B．It is powered by the energy from the sun.
C．Where the robot is used
D．They’re working on the new designs to improve the model.
E．How the robot works
F．Why do farmers choose the robot to work in their field
G．How do farmers usually kill weeds in the fields
（2024·江西九江·一模）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整，并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑，一空一句。
Dragon or Loong
As we enter the year 2024, are we celebrating “the Year of the Dragon”, or “the Year of the Loong” In the west, dragons are famous in movies like The Lord of the Rings. 16 Let’s look at the differences and what they mean in their cultures.
17 It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic. and danger. And it is often seen as a symbol of bad things. 18 In the story, Smaug shows us what happens when people are too greedy (贪婪的). He wants too much power and all the gold and treasures, which shows us the bad sides of humans.
In Chinese stories, the loong looks like it’s made up of nine different animals. 19 But the amazing thing is that it can fly even though it doesn’t have wings.
The loong is deeply admired by Chinese people. 20 The loong has held an important place in Chinese culture for ages.
Interestingly, Chinese people often call themselves “descendants of the loong (龙的传人)”. So, when we say “the year of the loong”, it might be a better way to describe the special year compared to “the year of the dragon”.
A．It’s long and looks a bit like a snake.
B．They think it can bring them good luck.
C．What sets the dragon apart from the loong
D．The western dragon is a scary animal in many stories.
E．“Loong” has been used in the past to describe dragons.
F．But are these dragons the same as the loong in Chinese culture
G．For example, Smaug is a famous dragon in a book called The Hobbit.
（2024·湖北·一模）
阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
It’s said that failure is the best teacher, but do you want to fail Your answer must be no. 21
Researchers at the University of Arizona, US found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. 22 In their experiments, they taught computers to do simple tasks, such as picking an odd or even number (奇数或偶数). They found that when the error rate (错误率) was 15 percent, the computers learned faster.
In education, teachers think students learn better when they are challenged to learn something outside of their knowledge. 23 But if they are too easy, students will not pick up anything useful.
However, the “sweet spot (有效点)” is unknown. This experiment found that the answer is 15 percent. Students don’t have to be sad if they aren’t 100-percent right all the time.
If failure is normal, then how do we learn from it and succeed Another study by Northwestern University, US, can tell us.
You’ve probably heard the saying “ 24 ” However, the study found that persistence (坚持) only works if you learn from your failures. The idea is to work smart, not hard.
25 The faster you fail, the better your chances of success. But the more time you take between tries, the more likely you are to fail again.
A．Actions speak louder than voice.
B．If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.
C．Hard tasks will cause students to give up easily.
D．The time taken between different tries also matters.
E．They carried out some experiments to support the finding.
F．However, some studies have shown that failure is not a bad thing.
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）
To be a good cartoonist (漫画家) needs many skills, such as acting, dancing, music and writing. 26 If you want to create your own successful cartoon, start with writing. Besides, the character you draw must have its own life. Famous characters, like Tom, Jerry, Garfield and Charlie Brown, all have their own special personalities (个性).
27 If a cartoon does not have an interesting story, then people may not keep reading it. Think of your favorite comic books and you will find that some characters worked and some didn’t. 28
Some cartoons are drawn by hand, but many are drawn by the computer. If you have a cartoon that you want to sell, show it to people you know and ask them what is wrong with it. 29 If you only ask friends what they think, you will usually receive an answer that is designed not to hurt your feelings.
If you feel your work is good, begin by sending it to newspapers. Send your work to as many different companies as possible. Do not be unhappy if you are refused. 30 you work hard enough, you will be known by people one day.
A．You needn’t send your work to newspapers as long as it is good enough.
B．One of the most important skills to become a good cartoonist is writing.
C．If you are not refused at least once a day, you are not sending out enough work.
D．By asking what is wrong instead of what is right, you can receive a good answer.
E．The ones that worked were usually those with special characters and an interesting story.
F．Readers love pictures, but a good cartoonist knows there must also be an interesting story.
（2024·山西临汾·一模）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。
How can you grow up Maybe part of growing up is learning to work things out all by yourself. 31
There are lots of reasons why you need help, for example, when you are doing schoolwork, solving a disagreement, or feeling worried or angry. 32 When you have problems, you may tell yourself that you should do it on your own. However, asking for help can move you forward more quickly.
Asking for help isn’t always easy. 33 You might think other people won’t want to get involved (牵涉) or they haven’t got time. If you think asking for help is a sign of weakness, it will make it harder to turn to another person.
Sometimes everyone finds things difficult, and you’re not the only one. 34 Sharing your story with others or asking them to listen to you takes great courage. Actually, when you ask for help, it takes away the pressure of solving problems alone.
35 By asking for help, you can practice speaking up what you need. It also shows you how someone else might feel when they’re in trouble. This means you could be able to give a helping hand when someone needs it.
A．Asking for help is a brave action.
B．Other people might also need help.
C．There are other advantages as well.
D．These are all signs that you need help.
E．It can be difficult as you’re not sure who to turn to.
F．But you should also learn to ask for help when you’re in trouble.
（2024·山西晋中·一模）
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文内容意思通畅，选项中有一项为多余项。
Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams.
What is a dream exactly 36 It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connects things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream.
37 What has happened during the day may be painful. While you are sleeping, however, the brain will replay the painful memories in a safe dream space. 38 And you will feel better after waking up.
Dreams also seem to be able to help you learn. This idea is supported by a study. So scientists advise you not to stay up all night studying, especially when an exam is coming. 39
Dreams may make you more creative, too. It was reported that a famous songwriter came up with his best song in a dream, and wrote it down as soon as he woke up. 40 In fact, the songwriter spent a lot of time thinking about the song before the dream. In a word, hard work matters more for creativity, though dreams also have a role to play.
A．Anything is possible.
B．There the bad memories become less painful.
C．Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears.
D．However, dreams alone can’t bring about creativity.
E．They say a sweet dream might help you get higher marks.
F．It means that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day.
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Do kids need homework Here’s what our readers said.
Peter, 9, the USA
Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. At my school, teachers give math and language arts homework. 41 Our homework tells our teachers who needs extra (额外的) help.
Olivia Lin, 9, Korea
In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. Kids need time after school for experiences that build a healthy mind and body. But when homework heaps up (堆起), students get stressed. 42 As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work.
Isla Dhaliwal-Grizzell, 8, India
43 They’re learning for eight hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. What’s worse, homework takes time away from activities like team sports, hobbies, exercise, and playing. 44 Kids don’t need more time looking at a piece of paper or a computer screen.
John Xia, 9, China
Here’s why I think kids should have homework. If you can’t solve a math problem, or if you answer a question incorrectly, your teacher knows exactly what to help you with. 45 They can work you through a math problem. I’m not arguing for homework. I just think it’s a way to let teachers, parents, and even you know where you might need some extra help.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Kids don’t need homework.
B．Parents also have a chance to help.
C．These are just as important as schoolwork.
D．That’s because there’s a lot we need to learn.
E．Doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework.
（2024·河南许昌·一模）
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气). Frost’s Descent (霜降), the 18th solar term of a year, usually begins on Oct. 23 or Oct. 24. 46 From that time, the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear.
During Frost’s Descent, people always eat apples. 47 There are many sayings about apples’ advantages in China, such as “Eat an apple after meals, and even old men can be as strong as young men”, just as the Western one goes, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
Besides, it’s a custom (习俗) to eat duck on the first day of Frost’s Descent in south Fujian Province. 48 They believe that it’s important to nourish (滋养) the human bodies on that day.
49 Some people choose to go climbing, enjoy red leaves, and experience the changes in nature. Some people enjoy going on a picnic and other activities to spend good times with family and friends. Besides, there are some traditional outdoor competitive games which can increase the fun of the solar term.
In short, Frost’s Descent is an important solar term in China. It seems that different places have different ways to celebrate the day. 50 From the activities above, people can feel the beauty of autumn.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．It is the last solar term of autumn.
B．It is said that eating apples is good for our health.
C．People also enjoy themselves in outdoor activities.
D．Eating duck is a way for people there to put on weight.
E．But the hope for being healthier and living a happier life is the same.
（2023·山东济南·中考真题）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all love spending time by the sea. Some lucky ones might live on the coast and enjoy the benefits (益处) all around the year. 51 Most of us would say we feel healthier by the ocean. In the past, doctors would actually suggest spending time by the sea to their patients. And research has shown that people who live on the coast are more likely to believe their health is good compared to those living in a city. So how do we benefit, exactly
Well, to start with, it’s great for our mental (心理) health. Scientists have discovered that we have something called a blue mind. They have shown that watching, listening to the waves (海浪) or being in the ocean helps our brains slow down. 52 This is why people who have trouble sleeping are often told to listen to recordings of the sound of waves hitting the beach to help them relax at bedtime.
53 We go out a lot more when we’re on holiday by the sea. We often become more active on holidays and people who live on the coast are usually more active too. 54 Walking on sand requires more effort than on the pavement. And the sea air is good for people with breathing problems too. There is less pollution in the air near the ocean and in autumn and winter the air is fresher. This is healthier than the dry air in homes with central heating. It has even been found that the chemicals in sea water may help us have healthy skin.
55 We look forward so much to having our next one!
A．Breathing the air in the city makes you more active.
B．Others usually have to wait for the next vacation.
C．Being by the sea is also good for our physical health.
D．Kids especially like to have fun by the sea in summer.
E．Naturally we often feel so great at the end of a seaside holiday.
F．The sound of them can help us relax and feel free from stress.
G．And if you take your walks on the beach, this is a lot better.
（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life is full of unexpected (始料不及的) moments. Whether these moments are surprising or challenging, we all need to face them bravely. 56 Here are four simple ways.
Take a deep breath
Breathing exercise can help relax us in both mind and body. We can breathe deeply through our nose, then blow slowly through our mouth. 57 .
Be creative
If we fail to express ourselves, we can turn to artistic outlets (艺术表现途径). 58 These can help us share our thoughts and feelings.
59
We can get good advice through reading. Good books are good friends. They can help us feel better after a busy day. They can also open up a whole new world to us.
Practise positive (积极的) self-talk
If we often practise negative (负面的) self-talk, we will think negatively about ourselves. 60
Shall we try these ways when we face the unexpected moments
A．Do some reading
B．We need to speak to someone we trust.
C．So we’d better talk to ourselves in a positive way.
D．Then, how can we students face these properly
E．This can be a great way to help us feel calm.
F．For example, we can colour, paint, or keep diaries.
G．Try different things to find out which one is right.
（2023·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）
Choose the sentences to complete the passage.
We often have arguments in all relationships. But that is not always a bad thing. Sometimes we can choose to be in a win-win situation. What is important is how we manage the argument. 61
Treat each other with respect.
If your friend calls your names or makes fun of you, tell him or her to stop. 62 , walk away and tell him or her you do not want to talk any more. Respect has to be won and if you want people to respect you, do the same to them.
Listen to other people patiently.
When everyone is talking, who does the listening Listen to understand, not to reply. 63 Listening in silence is sometimes stronger than arguing in vain (徒劳无益).
64
If giving in to others can lead to a nice result, there is no need to argue just to win someone else. After all. solving an argument doesn’t have to be a tug-of-war (拔河).
In a word, we each should do our own part to deal with arguments. 65
A．If your friend continues
B．Give in when it is necessary.
C．If you don’t want to talk about your friend
D．The following suggestions might help you.
E．Do not be too quick to judge what you hear.
F．The more you talk, the better the result will be.
G．In this way, we can achieve a win-win situation.
（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.
I suggested that we create small gardens.
First, I asked the students to look for their favorite place in the school. 66 Then I had each of them describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.
In a box of about one and a half by two feet, they were free to organize—soil, stones, leaves and grass. Even as an active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination. 67
One child created “water” that flowed into a “lake”; another child put grass in a way to represent “wind”; and yet another child tried hard to create shade... 68 That was why they took great interest when they created their small gardens. They spent a wonderful time together with nature.
69 If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up and hold it. When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.
Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own. 70
A．It will relax you.
B．Flowers like these are all around you.
C．The gardens were built many years ago.
D．Try spending time with nature yourself.
E．The gardens they made were really creative.
F．Once there, I let them try hard to empty their minds.
G．These children were often busy doing their schoolwork.
（2023·湖南娄底·中考真题）
阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
In the Chinese Zodiac（生肖）culture there is a twelve-year cycle. Each year is represented（代表）by an animal. 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit! Rabbits are gentle and smart. 71
In Chinese tradition there is a Moon Goddess named Chang’e. She lives on the moon with her rabbit. 72 Besides, rabbits can have many babies in the nature. In the past, people thought the more children they had, the better their life would be.
73 There are some traditions about how to gain the rabbit’s good luck for people. For example, in the UK, people usually say the word “rabbit” three times on the first morning of every month. They’re looking forward to bringing themselves good luck for this whole month. 74 Many actors and actresses bring a rabbit’s foot with them and kiss the foot before the performance. In some parts of Northern Europe, it is common to give a child a white rabbit as a gift. 75
Rabbits in different countries are often considered as a symbol of good luck and wealth. No matter where you are, wish you a lucky and wealthy life in the Year of the Rabbit!
A．Rabbits are also seen to be lucky in Western culture.
B．They are very popular with people from all over the world.
C．In North America, a rabbit’s foot is one symbol of good luck.
D．It’s called the Moon Rabbit and helps Chang’e to make medicine.
E．It’s said that the gift of the white rabbit will bring the child a rich life.
F．The rabbis develop the friendship between China and western countries.
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
Choosing a career isn’t always easy, but there are still some tips you can take to help make up your mind.
Don’t let other people decide what you should do.
Sometimes adults may want you to become a doctor, or work in banking, or be a teacher. Listen to them, but remember it’s your life and it’s your decision. 76
Consider what you are good at.
It’s true that things like salary are important, but don’t let them lead you down the wrong path. Follow your heart and your personality. 77 If you don’t like work which needs lots of attention to detail, think long and hard before you decide to do something like applying to study engineering at university. Your first decision isn’t forever.
78 They start a job, love it straight away and stick at it. But it isn’t always like that. So remember that you are allowed to change your mind. It’s not necessary to worry for years. Maybe your first job doesn’t turn out to be suitable for you. Maybe the right job for you is right around the corner!
79
Some people choose their career simply because they think they’ll make huge amounts of money. OK, if that is what you want. But, generally, people get more satisfaction out of their career if they feel they are doing something valuable for others. It doesn’t have to be charity work. 80 Just don’t forget that job satisfaction isn’t only about money.
A．Do something of value.
B．Others can decide your future.
C．Some lucky people get it right first time.
D．So be sure that you are the one who makes that decision.
E．It could be a job that helps other people in the community.
F．If you are very active, don’t choose an office job, even if the pay is good.
（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）
Have you ever forgotten where your socks are when you wake up in the morning Can you remember what you ate for lunch a week ago 81 But now you should be thankful.
Scientists from the University of Toronto found that forgetting is actually a key part of learning. Clearing out unnecessary information can help our brains work better. 82 Scientists say that this may have something to do with the environment we live in. 83 For example, a supermarket cashier (收银员) meets many people every day and will probably only remember them for a short time. But a designer who often meets his or her customers will remember longer.
That’s because our brains keep making new neurons (神经元) from stem cells (干细胞), said Paul Frankland, a professor at the University of Toronto. There is a special area in our brains called the hippocampus (海马体). 84 When new neurons go into the hippocampus, they renew our old memories.
However, sleep has a great influence on our memories. 85 Sleep helps the brain store and keep new facts and information, said Matthew Walker from the University of California.
A．What kind of information is unnecessary
B．It is important for us when we learn and remember things.
C．You may think that being forgetful is not a good thing.
D．When we don’t have enough sleep, we may have a hard time remembering new information.
E．In an environment that is always changing, our brains may require us to remember less.
（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）
根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. 86
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
87 : one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
88 , but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. 89 . For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. 90 , as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A．Three groups of plants were listened to
B．The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C．Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D．But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E．But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
Once upon a time, all the animals were called to an early meeting. As they gathered in the public square, one of them, the chicken, was seen by her neighbours going in the opposite direction. “Hey, Chicken! 91 ” they asked. “Didn’t you receive the invitation ”
“Yes, I did,” replied the chicken. “ 92 The thing is, I have some very important personal business that I must deal with. Now, please excuse me. 93 Please tell everyone at the meeting how sorry I am. Tell them that although I won’t be there in body, I will certainly be there in spirit! Whatever you decide, you can count on my complete support. Bye!”
The topic the animals would discuss was what to do with the order of the lion. The lion ordered them to give him something to eat. 94 Then they decided that they would offer the lion just one animal. All they asked in exchange was that the lion left the other animals in peace. 95 They chose the chicken.
A．I really must go home.
B．Why are you going away from the square
C．And I would of course come to the meeting.
D．They had a lively but surprisingly short discussion.
E．The decision about which animal to offer was reached without any disagreement.

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