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湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(七)
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the speakers most likely do
A. Win the race. B. Take photos. C. Enjoy the travel.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does this conversation probably take place
A. In the hotel. B. At the laundry place. C. At the clothing store.
3. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman probably do
A. She is a doctor’s assistant. B. She is a hotel clerk. C. She is a police officer.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers need to leave for the opera
A. At 5:30 p.m. B. At 6:30 p.m. C. At 7:30 p.m.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman mean
A. The computer is out of date.
B. The computer is virus-infected.
C. The computer needs clearing.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does Sophia like to add into her tea most
A. Milk. B. Sugar. C. Fruit.
7. What are the speakers talking about
A. Making tea. B. Eating sugar. C. Buying tea.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. How does the man choose classes according to the woman
A. By skill level. B. By age. C. By height.
9. What does the man ask the woman to do
A. Do some training.
B. Introduce some martial arts.
C. Arrange a Tai Chi observation class.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why did the zoo build a new monkey park
A. It was too small for the additional monkeys.
B. It needed a treehouse to be more interesting.
C. The zoo needed to change its park to get more visitors.
11. What activity does the man seem to be most interested in
A. Watching the turtles. B. Watching the monkeys. C. Feeding the turtles.
12. Where may this conversation take place
A. In the park. B. In a car. C. In the zoo.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Police and witness.
14. When did Mr. Smith see the robber
A. When he drove on his way to work.
B. When he walked on his way home.
C. When he took a walk in a park.
15. What was the robber wearing
A. Blue jeans. B. A yellow hat. C. Brown shoes.
16. What is the woman’s last question about the robber
A. The weapons he had.
B. The color of his clothes.
C. His figure.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What do we know about Vikings’ beliefs about teeth
A. They value the teeth a lot.
B. They think teeth are good weapons.
C. They think teeth shouldn’t be buried.
18. Why does the speaker mention old European traditions
A. To show the connection between Vikings and tooth care.
B. To show the connection between teeth and good luck.
C. To show the connection between teeth and animals.
19. How many animals does the speaker mention related to the Tooth Fairy tale
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
20. How can the Tooth Fairy tale help children according to the speaker
A. It can entertain them.
B. It helps them take tooth care seriously.
C. It makes children love the story.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experts have gathered and ranked the top 4 electric car companies.
Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors was responsible for breaking the EV market open for widespread adoption, and it’s currently the most popular electric car maker by a healthy margin. While the Tesla Roadster was the first to arrive, it was the more practical Model S sedan that took the automaker to the next level. It established many Tesla hall-marks, from the large infotainment tablet to long battery range to seat-pinning acceleration.
Ford Motor Company
Ford dipped its toes into the EV world with the Ford Focus Electric, but it had a short range. Ford made a bigger splash with the introduction of the Mustang Mach-E for the 2021 model year. The adoption of the Mus-tang name by an electric SUV initially riled up Mustang purists, but once the dust settled, the Mach-E proved to be one of our favorite EVs.
General Motors
General Motors got its start making modern EVs in the late 1990s with the infamous EV1. It was a small electric car that was perhaps ahead of its time given that neither the market nor the charging infrastructure ex-isted. The automaker launched the Chevrolet Bolt EV in 2017. It came onto the market after the success of the low-cost Nissan Leaf and groundbreaking Tesla Model S.
Hyundai Motors
Hyundai and its sister company, Kia, are South Korean automakers that have made big strides in the EV world in recent years. They started with the Hyundai Kona Electric and the Kia Niro EV, which were electric versions of existing gas-powered vehicles. The automakers’ next pair of electric SUVs will make a splash with their retro and futuristic styling.
21. Whose EV has a feature of seat-pinning acceleration
A. Tesla Motors. B. Ford Motor Company.
C. General Motors. D. Hyundai Motors.
22. What is special with Hyundai Motors
A. It’s the pioneer for EV. B. It’s a South Korean company.
C. It’s the most popular EV maker. D. Its gas-powered SUVs look very futuristic.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To promote the sales of EVs.
B. To entertain readers with some popular EVs.
C. To show the author’s preferences for some EVs.
D. To introduce top electric car companies and their EVs.
B
This Christmas, Renate Bello, 56, will spend the holiday taking care of her neighbor’s dogs in Easthampton, Mass. It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving. Without any family or close friends nearby, holidays can be an especially lonely time, she said. For her, pet sitting is a joy, and one way that she copes with solitude.
“I know a number of people,” she said. “But they are not necessarily people I would call up to say, ‘Let’s go hang out.” Ms. Bello owns a medical billing business that often requires long hours at home, which contributes to her isolation. “I don’t have any life, and I need to find that balance”, she said. But taking friendships to the next level can be difficult, Ms. Bello added. Sometimes, she admitted, she feels “inadequate ” — like an out-sider.
It’s concerning, then, that more than half of Americans say they are lonely, according to a 2021 poll. “We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychologist from NYU, said. “There is no reason to be ashamed of being human.” Even those who have plenty of friends can experience loneliness.
Building relationships takes time. Try not to expect too much initially. “Often it takes a series of encounters,” said Charles T. Hill, a professor of social psychology at Whittier College. As you get to know people, ask yourself: Who can I connect with at a deep level Who will be there for me More often than not, we tend to connect with those who share commonalities with us. “If you’re a bookworm, don’t expect your next best buddy at the bar,” said Louise Hawkley, a research scientist who studies loneliness at NORC, a social research organization at the University of Chicago.
Volunteering is also a way to broaden our social networks that can feel less anxiety- provoking than, say, showing up at a party. In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain, about two-thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated.
“Lonely people have more control over the situation than they think they do,” Dr. Hawkley said.
24. What do we know about Ms. Bello
A. She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B She always puts her job before her family and friends.
C. She longs to build deeper connections with people.
D. She prefers dogs to humans on holiday occasions.
25. Which statement might Dr. Murthy agree on
A. Lonely people are more likely to feel starved.
B. Loneliness is a universal human experience.
C. Feeling embarrassed of loneliness is unavoidable.
D. Denying loneliness contributes to better self-esteem.
26. To improve the quality of social connections, one is encouraged to do the following EXCEPT ________.
A. lowering their expectation and being patient B. going to parties as often as possible
C. socializing with people who share common interests D. offering support to someone else
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. How to kill solitude for good B. Loneliness: not the end of the world
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed D. To socialize or not to socialize — that is a question
C
Do you find yourself feeling down in the winter months You’re not alone. As the days grow shorter, the American Psychiatric Association estimates that about 5% of Americans will experience a form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD.
People experiencing SAD tend to have feelings of hopelessness, decreased motivation to take part in activities they generally enjoy, and laziness. Even those who don’t meet the clinical threshold(阈值) for this disorder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; in fact, some estimates suggest more than 40% of Americans experience these symptoms to some degree in the winter months.
Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased exposure to sunlight, which leads to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素). Consistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key role, SAD tends to be more common in more northern regions of the world, like Scandina-via and Alaska, where the days are shortest and the winters longest.
Humans, special as we may be, are not unique in showing some of these seasonally linked changes. For instance, our primate (灵长目动物) relative the Rhesus macaque (恒河猴) shows seasonal declines in mood. Some scientists have noted that SAD shows many similarities to hibernation the long snooze during which brown bears, ground squirrels and many other species turn down their metabolism (新陈代谢) and skip out on the worst of winter. SAD may have its roots in adaptations that conserve energy at a time of year when food was typically in short supply and when lower temperatures pose greater energetic demands on the body.
Like many other animals, we too are seasonal creatures. In the winter, people eat more and move less. You may feel a bit more lifeless, while also being kinder to others and having an easier time paying attention. As psychologists and other scientists research these kinds of seasonal effects, it may turn out that the ones we know about so far are only the tip of the iceberg.
28. Which of the following symptoms is unlikely to be connected with SAD
A. Feeling desperate. B. Lack of motivation.
C. Sleep disorder. D. Loss of habitats.
29. SAD may result from ____.
A. cold climate B. warm sunshine
C. sufficient food D. psychological reaction
30. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The evolution of animals. B. The harsh conditions for animals.
C. The potential cause of SAD. D. The change of seasons.
31. Which of the following methods might relieve people of SAD
A. Decreasing the amount of sleep. B. Receiving light therapies.
C. Staying less focused. D. Showing indifference to others.
D
Caribbean box jellyfish (水母) can learn to spot and avoid obstacles (障碍) despite lacking a central brain, according to a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can do something called associative learning. The nervous systems of Caribbean box jellyfish are fairly simple, including four “rhopalia (视神经束) ”on a jellyfish’s body, each of which has six “eyes ”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrove root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water and make their way round it. In common waters, nearby roots have high contrast. Only distant roots fade into the background. But in murky waters, even near-by roots can blend into their surroundings and have low contrast. The researchers wondered if Caribbean box jellyfish could learn that low-contrast objects-which might at first seem distant-were actually close by.
To find out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank. The tank was surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear to a jellyfish like roots in clear water. A camera filmed the animals for about seven minutes. At first, they seemed to see the gray stripes as distant roots and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But those collisions (碰撞) seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures treated the gray stripes more like close roots in murky water-and avoided them.
This suggests that the rhopalia alone can learn that seemingly distant, low-contrast objects are in fact close enough to avoid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean box jellyfish learning.
“That’s the coolest part of the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a biologist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us one step down into the wiring of how it works.” For Ga lle Botton-Amiot, tracing learning to the rhopalia raises new questions. “They have four of these things in their bodies. So how does that work ” asks this neurobiologist. If a jellyfish loses one of its rhopalia, does it forget everything those eyes saw and the neurons had learned Or do the other rhopalia remember it
32. Jellyfish are able to avoid obstacles because ______.
A. they use brain cells to process information gathered
B. they rely on different levels of visual signal input
C. they have unique organs to measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 1
A. Unusual. B. Cloudy. C. Deep. D. Rapid.
34. What can we infer from paragraphs 2 and 3
A. Jellyfish usually tend to be scared off by the gray color.
B Jellyfish tend to compare stripes with mangrove roots.
C. Stimulation in controlled environment backed the finding.
D. Rhopalia are in control of the jellyfish’s memory system.
35. Which can be the best title for the article
A. No brain, no gain Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes ” help jellyfish survive
C. Evolution of learning: from nerve to brain
D. White or gray Creature’s decision-making
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cities are diverse ecosystems. Some wild animals become regular visitors to our cities, such as coy-otes (丛林狼) in Los Angeles or boars (野猪) in Berlin. ___36___As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
___37___They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife. For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
Our actions sometimes help other species. When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them. ___38___ The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. ___39___Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely. Sometimes, the visitors can encounter a gaggle of geese walking on the bank or swimming in the water leisurely.
While cities pose challenges for wildlife, they are finding ways to adapt and thrive in urban environments. As humans, it is important to take measures to prevent conflicts and appreciate the presence of them. ___40___ And our own future will be endangered.
A. Cities are built for humans.
B. The park is intended to protect birds.
C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.
E. Also, a large number of species share our urban areas.
F. Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors.
G. Soon, the bats are adaptable and can thrive in human-built structures.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m now the chef and owner of a restaurant. Nothing in my early years led me to ___41___ my life would connect to food and cooking deeply. My family did eat together often; we had a ___42___ that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends, but food was hardly the ___43___ of my family’s story. After I entered college, I was still ___44___ about what I wanted to do. Maybe I was supposed to ___45___ the crowd, getting a decent job, like in medicine or something similar.
When accepting the job assisting cooks after finishing college, I just ___46___ to pay my rent. That didn’t ___47___ any big life plans. However, as I worked longer, the food world showed me amazing ___48___ .
Too little salt, and a dish is ___49___ to be “tasteless ”. A bit lemon juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches from turning brown and ___50___ their appealing colors. The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never ___51___ tiny stuff in all parts of life. Also, working with food teaches me to really taste, smell and touch. I learn to observe my ___52___, watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads... and ___53___ wonders in everyday life. ___54___ , I head down my own path, which is ___55___ from going to medical school as my parents did, but gives my life purpose and direction.
41.
A. expect B. wonder C. doubt D. admit
42.
A. suggestion B. tradition C. pleasure D. desire
43.
A. secret B. trouble C. witness D. center
44.
A. unclear B. restless C. unconcerned D. careless
45.
A. leave B. accompany C. follow D. gather
46.
A. happened B. promised C. offered D. intended
47.
A. replace B. affect C. inspire D. prevent
48.
A. opportunity B. wisdom C. memories D. skills
49.
A. easy B. fit C. true D. bound
50.
A. restore B. hide C. preserve D. change
51.
A. overlook B. judge C. keep D. worry
52.
A. surroundings B. improvements C. decisions D. differences
53.
A. keep away B. show up C. come across D. bring about
54.
A. Even so B. Above all C. Instead D. Anyway
55.
A. free B. absent C. separate D. distinct
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What would we observe if we traveled at the speed of light This is a question Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age of 16. Imagining himself ___56___ (pursue) a beam of light, he reasoned that he should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came ___57___ (know) as one of Einstein’s most famous thought experiments, which take place in the imagination.
While the term “thought experiment ” originated in the 19th century the use of thought experiments can be traced much further back, ___58___ ancient philosophers used them to explore difficult questions. About 2,500 years ago, Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi recorded one of the earliest thought experiments: if you cut a long stick in half and then cut the ___59___ (remain) part in two each following day, you will never finish cutting it.
As we explore the world in greater ___60___ (deep), we may reach a point where it is impossible to run an ___61___ (experiment) scenario (设想) in the real world due to various limitations. In such circumstances, we move into the area of thought experiments, which function as ___62___ valuable means to test the limits of our knowledge and advance our understanding of the world.
Throughout history, thought experiments ___63___ (contribute) to the development of scientific theories. Thought experiments are not always about proving something right ___64___ wrong with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, complex ideas more concrete and accessible, thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic ____65____question.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是学校口语兴趣班的学生李华，你的外教Chris正在策划一次户外活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复。内容包括：
1. 你对活动的建议；
2. 建议的理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Snowflake Bentley
In the days when Vermont farmers worked the land and spent time with livestock, there lived a boy Willie Bentley who loved snow more than anything in the world. Vermont is no stranger to snow and Bentley’s happiest days were snowstorm days. He watched snowflakes (雪花) on his glove, on the vast farm fields, and on the dark metal handle of the barn (谷仓) door. He said snow was the blessings of Nature. However, he could not share snowflakes because he could not save them.
Later when his mother gave him an old microscope, he mainly used it to look at snow. While kids of his neighbors chased hens and had snowball fights, Willie was catching snowflakes. Day after stormy day he studied the icy crystals (冰晶).
Their delicate patterns were even more beautiful than he had imagined. Willie decided he must find a way to save snowflakes so others could see their wonderful designs. For three winters he tried drawing snow crystals. They always melted in the black tray (托盘) that he used to catch them before he could finish the drawings.
When he was sixteen, Willie read of a camera with its own microscope. “If I had that camera I could photograph snowflakes, he told his mother.” Willie’s mother knew that he would not be happy until he could share what he had seen.
“Spending time on snow is just foolishness, his mother said. Still, she loved his son. When Willie was seventeen his parents spent their savings and bought the camera. It cost as much as ten cows. Willie was sure it was the best of all cameras. Even so, his first pictures were failures—no better than shadows. Yet he would not quit. Mistake by mistake, snowflake by snowflake, Willie worked through every storm. Winter ended, the snow melted, and he had no good pictures. He waited for another season of snow. One day, in the second winter, he tried a new experiment. And it worked! Willie had figured out how to photograph snowflakes!” Now everyone can see the great beauty in a tiny crystal,” he said.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nevertheless, in those days no one cared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite the new-found fame, Snowflake Bentley simply made up his mind to produce a perfect photo. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(七)
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the speakers most likely do
A. Win the race. B. Take photos. C. Enjoy the travel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Grace, we are planning to attend another event on the Great wall. Would you like to join us again
W: I’d love to. Last time my legs were very sore.
M: That was because last time you wanted to win. Let’s just enjoy the experience this time.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does this conversation probably take place
A. In the hotel. B. At the laundry place. C. At the clothing store.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W : Good afternoon, sir. what can I do for you
M : Yes, and I need this suit by Thursday. It has a wine spot on it, but I’m hoping you can get it out.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman probably do
A. She is a doctor’s assistant. B. She is a hotel clerk. C. She is a police officer.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M : Hello, I have an appointment with Mr. Martin. Can you tell me where his office is
W :Yes, you can take the elevator up to the eighteenth floor and then turn right. His office is next to the X-ray Department.
M :Thanks.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the speakers need to leave for the opera
A. At 5:30 p.m. B. At 6:30 p.m. C. At 7:30 p.m.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: David, are you excited to get to see Peking Opera
M : Yes, I have been looking forward to it all week. What time should we leave
W: The show starts at 6:30 p.m., but it takes one hour to get there.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman mean
A. The computer is out of date.
B. The computer is virus-infected.
C. The computer needs clearing.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: MY Computer is way too slow. I Only bought it a couple of years ago .
W: Maybe it just needs to be cleaned up. The computer repairman can get rid of any files that you don’t need anymore.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does Sophia like to add into her tea most
A. Milk. B. Sugar. C. Fruit.
7. What are the speakers talking about
A. Making tea. B. Eating sugar. C. Buying tea.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
【原文】M: I Can’t believe you make tea like that, Sophia!
W: My mother taught me that.
M: Have you ever tried any other kinds of tea
W: No. It’s the only type of tea I have tried.
M: Well, you are in China now. It is time for you to learn how to make some Chinese tea. How about if we start with different kinds of tea that you can try What do you like
W: I just drink black tea. Then I add sugar and milk. I like to add a lot of sugar. My brothers and sisters make it the same way as I do.
M: Okay, I will get some sweet tea for you to have a taste. Once we find what you like, I will show you how to make it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. How does the man choose classes according to the woman
A. By skill level. B. By age. C. By height.
9. What does the man ask the woman to do
A. Do some training.
B. Introduce some martial arts.
C. Arrange a Tai Chi observation class.
【答案】8. A 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, thank you for calling the Base Gym. How can help you
M : Hi, am interested in signing up for a Tai chi class.
W: Okay. We have four different classes for Tai chi. It depends on your skill level. Have you had any experience before
M: No, I Will be a beginner. I’ve never done any types of martial arts before. I just want to try something dif-ferent. Do you have a class could just watch to see if I Would like it
W: Yes, I can set up a time for You to meet our trainer. His name is Mike. He has a class on Thursday night for beginners.
M: Well, that sounds nice. Thank you .
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why did the zoo build a new monkey park
A. It was too small for the additional monkeys.
B It needed a treehouse to be more interesting.
C. The zoo needed to change its park to get more visitors.
11. What activity does the man seem to be most interested in
A. Watching the turtles. B. Watching the monkeys. C. Feeding the turtles.
12. Where may this conversation take place
A. In the park. B. In a car. C. In the zoo.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M : Anna, what would you like to see when we get to the zoo
W: I Want to see the monkeys. It has 20 new monkeys. The park was too small for all of them, so the Zoo made a bigger one. It’s now called the Lost Forest. You can climb a ladder and watch them from a tree-house.
M: That sounds fun. If there is a new park in the Zoo, the workers may be very busy. If we cannot see the monkeys，what else would you like to see
W: I Want to go to the aquarium and watch the turtles. MY friend told me that there are two kinds of turtles based on what they eat. For example, the plant-based turtles can eat sweet potatoes, cabbage and green beans. we can also watch them swim and play.
M: That sounds wonderful. I Want to feed them, which attracts me mot.
W: Me, too. I can’t wait to get there. I’m so excited! It’s really a pity that we are caught in a traffic jam.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Police and witness.
14. When did Mr. Smith see the robber
A. When he drove on his way to work.
B. When he walked on his way home.
C. When he took a walk in a park.
15. What was the robber wearing
A. Blue jeans. B. A yellow hat. C. Brown shoes.
16 What is the woman’s last question about the robber
A. The weapons he had.
B. The color of his clothes.
C. His figure.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Thank you for coming down today, Mr. smith. would You like a cup of tea
M: No, thank you.
W: Okay, Mr. smith. Please tell us what you experienced on the night of March 15th.
M: Well, I usually drive home. But my car happened to be in a repair shop that day when was walking home from work that night I saw a young lady taking a walk in the park. Suddenly, a guy with a black mask came out of nowhere and grabbed her bag.
W: Did the robber have a knife
M: I didn’t see any weapons. He pushed the lady down to the ground and ran away.
W: Did you see what else he was wearing
M: He had a brown hat on and was wearing blue jeans and yellow shoes.
W: Do you still remember how tall he is What type of build does he have
M: Let me see. He seems to be a little taller and a little heavier than me. I’m five feet tall and I Weigh 180 pounds.
W: That’s very helpful Mr. Smith. Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What do we know about Vikings’ beliefs about teeth
A. They value the teeth a lot.
B. They think teeth are good weapons.
C. They think teeth shouldn’t be buried.
18. Why does the speaker mention old European traditions
A. To show the connection between Vikings and tooth care.
B. To show the connection between teeth and good luck.
C. To show the connection between teeth and animals.
19. How many animals does the speaker mention related to the Tooth Fairy tale
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
20. How can the Tooth Fairy tale help children according to the speaker
A. It can entertain them.
B. It helps them take tooth care seriously.
C. It makes children love the story.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】A Study done in the United States found that the average child receives $ 3. 70 per tooth. often the story goes something like this: children put their lost teeth under a pillow and receive money in exchange. Today we will discuss some different aspects of the Tooth Fairy. In early European traditions a child’s lost tooth was buried. Families believed that this could save their child from a hard life in their next life. Vikings used to take their children’s lost teeth in battle for good luck and some people buried their teeth out of fear of witches. These were some earlier ideas that connected teeth with good luck. The current tale of a Tooth Fairy usually involves an animal. There are many different versions depending on culture and time. The most common theme is associated with a mouse or a rabbit, but others include cats , dogs , and even squirrels. The reasons for the different animals vary. For example, a mouse has been connected to the Tooth Fairy tale because its teeth continue to grow for the entire life. Regardless of the background of the Tooth Fairy, it provides great education for children to take care of their teeth. It also helps people pay attention to tooth care in a positive and fun way.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Experts have gathered and ranked the top 4 electric car companies.
Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors was responsible for breaking the EV market open for widespread adoption, and it’s currently the most popular electric car maker by a healthy margin. While the Tesla Roadster was the first to arrive, it was the more practical Model S sedan that took the automaker to the next level. It established many Tesla hall-marks, from the large infotainment tablet to long battery range to seat-pinning acceleration.
Ford Motor Company
Ford dipped its toes into the EV world with the Ford Focus Electric, but it had a short range. Ford made a bigger splash with the introduction of the Mustang Mach-E for the 2021 model year. The adoption of the Mus-tang name by an electric SUV initially riled up Mustang purists, but once the dust settled, the Mach-E proved to be one of our favorite EVs.
General Motors
General Motors got its start making modern EVs in the late 1990s with the infamous EV1. It was a small electric car that was perhaps ahead of its time given that neither the market nor the charging infrastructure ex-isted. The automaker launched the Chevrolet Bolt EV in 2017. It came onto the market after the success of the low-cost Nissan Leaf and groundbreaking Tesla Model S.
Hyundai Motors
Hyundai and its sister company, Kia, are South Korean automakers that have made big strides in the EV world in recent years. They started with the Hyundai Kona Electric and the Kia Niro EV, which were electric versions of existing gas-powered vehicles. The automakers’ next pair of electric SUVs will make a splash with their retro and futuristic styling.
21. Whose EV has a feature of seat-pinning acceleration
A. Tesla Motors. B. Ford Motor Company.
C. General Motors. D. Hyundai Motors.
22. What is special with Hyundai Motors
A. It’s the pioneer for EV. B. It’s a South Korean company.
C. It’s the most popular EV maker. D. Its gas-powered SUVs look very futuristic.
23. What is the purpose of the text
A. To promote the sales of EVs.
B. To entertain readers with some popular EVs.
C. To show the author’s preferences for some EVs.
D. To introduce top electric car companies and their EVs.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及生产的电动汽车的特征。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tesla Motors中的“It established many Tesla hall-marks, from the large infotainment tablet to long battery range to seat-pinning acceleration.”（ 它奠定了特斯拉的许多标志，从大型信息娱乐平板电脑到长电池续航里程，再到座椅固定加速。）可知，Tesla Motors有座椅固定加速。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hyundai Motors中的“Hyundai and its sister company, Kia, are South Korean automakers that have made big strides in the EV world in recent years.”（现代及其姊妹公司起亚(Kia)是近年来在电动汽车领域取得重大进展的韩国汽车制造商。）可知，Hyundai Motors是一家韩国公司。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts have gathered and ranked the top 4 electric car companies.”（ 专家们聚集在一起，对四大电动汽车公司进行了排名）以及对四家公司车型的介绍可知，短文的目的是介绍了四家顶级电动汽车公司以及其生产的电动汽车的特征。故选D项。
B
This Christmas, Renate Bello, 56, will spend the holiday taking care of her neighbor’s dogs in Easthampton, Mass. It’s the same way she spent Thanksgiving. Without any family or close friends nearby, holidays can be an especially lonely time, she said. For her, pet sitting is a joy, and one way that she copes with solitude.
“I know a number of people,” she said. “But they are not necessarily people I would call up to say, ‘Let’s go hang out.” Ms. Bello owns a medical billing business that often requires long hours at home, which contributes to her isolation. “I don’t have any life, and I need to find that balance”, she said. But taking friendships to the next level can be difficult, Ms. Bello added. Sometimes, she admitted, she feels “inadequate ” — like an out-sider.
It’s concerning, then, that more than half of Americans say they are lonely, according to a 2021 poll. “We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychologist from NYU, said. “There is no reason to be ashamed of being human.” Even those who have plenty of friends can experience loneliness.
Building relationships takes time. Try not to expect too much initially. “Often it takes a series of encounters,” said Charles T. Hill, a professor of social psychology at Whittier College. As you get to know people, ask yourself: Who can I connect with at a deep level Who will be there for me More often than not, we tend to connect with those who share commonalities with us. “If you’re a bookworm, don’t expect your next best buddy at the bar,” said Louise Hawkley, a research scientist who studies loneliness at NORC, a social research organization at the University of Chicago.
Volunteering is also a way to broaden our social networks that can feel less anxiety- provoking than, say, showing up at a party. In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain, about two-thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated.
“Lonely people have more control over the situation than they think they do,” Dr. Hawkley said.
24. What do we know about Ms. Bello
A. She is a successful and independent entrepreneur.
B. She always puts her job before her family and friends.
C. She longs to build deeper connections with people.
D. She prefers dogs to humans on holiday occasions.
25. Which statement might Dr. Murthy agree on
A. Lonely people are more likely to feel starved.
B. Loneliness is a universal human experience.
C. Feeling embarrassed of loneliness is unavoidable.
D. Denying loneliness contributes to better self-esteem.
26. To improve the quality of social connections, one is encouraged to do the following EXCEPT ________.
A. lowering their expectation and being patient B. going to parties as often as possible
C. socializing with people who share common interests D. offering support to someone else
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. How to kill solitude for good B. Loneliness: not the end of the world
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed D. To socialize or not to socialize — that is a question
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“For her, pet sitting is a joy, and one way that she copes with solitude. (对她来说，照看宠物是一种乐趣，也是她应对孤独的一种方式)”以及第二段“Ms. Bello owns a medical billing business that often requires long hours at home, which contributes to her isolation. (Bello女士拥有一家医疗账单公司，她经常需要长时间呆在家里，这导致了她的孤独感)”可知，Ms Bello 感到孤独，并渴望化解这样的孤独，与人建立更深联系。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst,” Dr. Murthy, a psychologist from NYU, said. “There is no reason to be ashamed of being human.” Even those who have plenty of friends can experience loneliness. (“我们都会感到孤独，就像我们都会感到饥饿或口渴一样。没有理由为身为人类而感到羞耻。”纽约大学的心理学家Murthy博士说。即使是那些有很多朋友的人也会感到孤独)”可知，Murthy博士认为大家都会感到孤独，这是很正常的事情。由此可知，他会同意“孤独是一种普遍的人类体验”的观点。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Building relationships takes time. Try not to expect too much initially. (建立关系需要时间。一开始不要期望太多)”和“As you get to know people, ask yourself: Who can I connect with at a deep level Who will be there for me More often than not, we tend to connect with those who share commonalities with us. (当你开始了解别人的时候，问问自己：我能和谁建立深层次的联系？谁会支持我？通常情况下，我们倾向于与那些与我们有共同之处的人联系)”以及第五段“Volunteering is also a way to broaden our social networks that can feel less anxiety- provoking than, say, showing up at a party. (志愿服务也是一种拓宽我们的社交网络的方式，它不会像出现在聚会上那样让人感到那么焦虑)”可知，作者的建议包括尽量不要期望太高，且保持耐心，与那些与我们有共同点的人建立联系，以及做志愿工作，帮助他人，不包括“尽可能多地参加聚会”。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们都会感到孤独的现状，并指出研究者认为孤独是人类常态，还提供了解决孤独的办法。由此可知，文章的中心是孤独并不可怕，有很多在我们能力范围内可以解决的办法。B选项“孤独：不是世界末日”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
C
Do you find yourself feeling down in the winter months You’re not alone. As the days grow shorter, the American Psychiatric Association estimates that about 5% of Americans will experience a form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD.
People experiencing SAD tend to have feelings of hopelessness, decreased motivation to take part in activities they generally enjoy, and laziness. Even those who don’t meet the clinical threshold(阈值) for this disorder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; in fact, some estimates suggest more than 40% of Americans experience these symptoms to some degree in the winter months.
Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased exposure to sunlight, which leads to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素). Consistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key role, SAD tends to be more common in more northern regions of the world, like Scandina-via and Alaska, where the days are shortest and the winters longest.
Humans, special as we may be, are not unique in showing some of these seasonally linked changes. For instance, our primate (灵长目动物) relative the Rhesus macaque (恒河猴) shows seasonal declines in mood. Some scientists have noted that SAD shows many similarities to hibernation the long snooze during which brown bears, ground squirrels and many other species turn down their metabolism (新陈代谢) and skip out on the worst of winter. SAD may have its roots in adaptations that conserve energy at a time of year when food was typically in short supply and when lower temperatures pose greater energetic demands on the body.
Like many other animals, we too are seasonal creatures. In the winter, people eat more and move less. You may feel a bit more lifeless, while also being kinder to others and having an easier time paying attention. As psychologists and other scientists research these kinds of seasonal effects, it may turn out that the ones we know about so far are only the tip of the iceberg.
28. Which of the following symptoms is unlikely to be connected with SAD
A. Feeling desperate. B. Lack of motivation.
C. Sleep disorder. D. Loss of habitats.
29. SAD may result from ____.
A. cold climate B. warm sunshine
C. sufficient food D. psychological reaction
30. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The evolution of animals. B. The harsh conditions for animals.
C. The potential cause of SAD. D. The change of seasons.
31. Which of the following methods might relieve people of SAD
A. Decreasing the amount of sleep. B. Receiving light therapies.
C. Staying less focused. D. Showing indifference to others.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是季节性情感抑郁症（SAD）的部分症状以及形成原因，而且通过对比分析指出季节性抑郁症并非人类独有，有些动物为了适应气候变冷而通过冬眠或新陈代谢来度过寒冷的冬天。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“People experiencing SAD tend to have feelings of hopelessness, decreased motivation to take part in activities they generally enjoy, and laziness. Even those who don’t meet the clinical threshold(阈值) for this disorder may see increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; (患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰。即使那些没有达到临床阈值的人也可能会出现焦虑和抑郁症状的增加；)”可知患有SAD的人往往会感到绝望，缺乏参加他们通常喜欢的活动的动力，并且懒惰，C项Sleep disorder(睡眠紊乱)是人焦虑的明显表现，D项Loss of habitats.(栖息地的丧失)不是情感抑郁症的表现。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased exposure to sunlight, which leads to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素).(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少有关，日照减少会导致神经递质血清素水平降低。)”以及“Consistent with the idea that sunlight plays a key role, SAD tends to be more common in more northern regions of the world(与阳光起关键作用的观点一致，SAD在世界上更北部的地区更常见)”可知SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以SAD可能是由寒冷的气候导致的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段开头“Humans, special as we may be, are not unique in showing some of these seasonally linked changes.(人类虽然很特别，但并不是只有人类表现出这些与季节有关的变化。)”以及最后“SAD may have its roots in adaptations that conserve energy at a time of year when food was typically in short supply and when lower temperatures pose greater energetic demands on the body.( SAD的根源可能是在一年中食物通常短缺的时候，当较低的温度对身体产生更大的能量需求时，身体会适应保存能量。)”可知SAD并不是人类所独有的，动物们也会患有SAD，通过举例作者指出SAD的产生可能是人与动物对于寒冷冬天食物短缺的适应，所以第四段主要谈论的是SAD产生的可能原因。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists link SAD and more general increases in depression in the winter to decreased exposure to sunlight,(科学家将SAD和冬季抑郁症的普遍增加与日照减少联系起来，)”以及文章其他段落内容可知SAD的主要是SAD与日照减少有关，尤其是在阳光缺少的地方更常见，所以减轻SAD的有效的方法应该是尽可能多地晒太阳或尝试光治疗。故选B项。
D
Caribbean box jellyfish (水母) can learn to spot and avoid obstacles (障碍) despite lacking a central brain, according to a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can do something called associative learning. The nervous systems of Caribbean box jellyfish are fairly simple, including four “rhopalia (视神经束) ”on a jellyfish’s body, each of which has six “eyes ”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrove root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water and make their way round it. In common waters, nearby roots have high contrast. Only distant roots fade into the background. But in murky waters, even near-by roots can blend into their surroundings and have low contrast. The researchers wondered if Caribbean box jellyfish could learn that low-contrast objects-which might at first seem distant-were actually close by.
To find out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank. The tank was surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear to a jellyfish like roots in clear water. A camera filmed the animals for about seven minutes. At first, they seemed to see the gray stripes as distant roots and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But those collisions (碰撞) seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures treated the gray stripes more like close roots in murky water-and avoided them.
This suggests that the rhopalia alone can learn that seemingly distant, low-contrast objects are in fact close enough to avoid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean box jellyfish learning.
“That’s the coolest part of the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a biologist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us one step down into the wiring of how it works.” For Ga lle Botton-Amiot, tracing learning to the rhopalia raises new questions. “They have four of these things in their bodies. So how does that work ” asks this neurobiologist. If a jellyfish loses one of its rhopalia, does it forget everything those eyes saw and the neurons had learned Or do the other rhopalia remember it
32. Jellyfish are able to avoid obstacles because ______.
A. they use brain cells to process information gathered
B. they rely on different levels of visual signal input
C. they have unique organs to measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 1
A. Unusual. B. Cloudy. C. Deep. D. Rapid.
34. What can we infer from paragraphs 2 and 3
A. Jellyfish usually tend to be scared off by the gray color.
B. Jellyfish tend to compare stripes with mangrove roots.
C. Stimulation in controlled environment backed the finding.
D. Rhopalia are in control of the jellyfish’s memory system.
35. Which can be the best title for the article
A. No brain, no gain Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes ” help jellyfish survive
C. Evolution of learning: from nerve to brain
D. White or gray Creature’s decision-making
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The nervous systems of Caribbean box jellyfish are fairly simple, including four “rhopalia” on a jellyfish’s body, each of which has six “eyes ”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrove root’s distance based on how dark it looks compared to the water and make their way round it.(加勒比箱形水母的神经系统相当简单，包括水母身上的四个“视神经束”，每个“视神经束”都有六只“眼睛”，水母根据红树林根部与水面相比的黑暗程度来判断红树林根部的距离，并绕过它)”可知，水母能够避开障碍物，因为它们依赖不同水平的视觉信号输入。故选B项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章划线词上句“In common waters, nearby roots have high contrast. Only distant roots fade into the background.(在普通水域，附近的根有很高的对比度。只有遥远的根隐没在背景中。)”及划线词所在句子“even near-by roots can blend into their surroundings and have low contrast.(即使是附近的根部也可能融入周围环境，具有较低的对比度)”可猜测，是在浑浊的水域中，近处的物体也显现出低对比度，故划线词与cloudy“浑浊的，不清澈的”意义相近。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“To find out, the team put 12 jellyfish into a round water tank. The tank was surrounded by low-contrast gray and white stripes (条纹), which might appear to a jellyfish like roots in clear water. A camera filmed the animals for about seven minutes. At first, they seemed to see the gray stripes as distant roots and swam away, ending up bumping the tank wall. But those collisions (碰撞) seemed to lead the jellyfish to reconsider the stripes. Soon, the creatures treated the gray stripes more like close roots in murky water-and avoided them.(为了找到答案，研究小组将12只水母放入一个圆形水箱中。水箱周围是低对比度的灰色和白色条纹，对水母来说，这些条纹可能看起来像清澈水中的根。一台摄像机拍摄了这些动物大约七分钟。起初，它们似乎把灰色条纹视为远处的树根，于是游走了，最后撞到了水箱的墙壁上。但这些碰撞似乎让水母重新考虑这些条纹。很快，这些生物就把这些灰色的条纹更像是在浑浊的水中紧密的根——它们避开了它们。)”及第三段中“This suggests that the rhopalia alone can learn that seemingly distant, low-contrast objects are in fact close enough to avoid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean box jellyfish learning.(这表明，水母仅凭视神经束就能知道看似遥远、对比度低的物体实际上足够近，可以避开。这一点进而暗示，这些神经中枢是加勒比箱水母进行学习的幕后主导)”可知，实验中的受控环境中的刺激支持这一发现。故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Caribbean box jellyfish can learn to spot and avoid obstacles despite lacking a central brain, according to a new study.(一项新的研究表明，尽管加勒比箱形水母缺乏中枢大脑，但它可以学会发现和避开障碍物)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个研究团队通过实验证明水母没有脑子也可以获取信息，学会发现和避开障碍物，故A项“没有头脑，就没有收获？水母否认这一点”适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cities are diverse ecosystems. Some wild animals become regular visitors to our cities, such as coy-otes (丛林狼) in Los Angeles or boars (野猪) in Berlin. ___36___As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
___37___They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife. For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
Our actions sometimes help other species. When a bridge in Austin Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them. ___38___ The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. ___39___Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely. Sometimes, the visitors can encounter a gaggle of geese walking on the bank or swimming in the water leisurely.
While cities pose challenges for wildlife, they are finding ways to adapt and thrive in urban environments. As humans, it is important to take measures to prevent conflicts and appreciate the presence of them. ___40___ And our own future will be endangered.
A. Cities are built for humans.
B. The park is intended to protect birds.
C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.
E. Also, a large number of species share our urban areas.
F. Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors.
G. Soon, the bats are adaptable and can thrive in human-built structures.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了城市是多种多样的生态系统，有很多物种与我们公用城市区域。我们要保护自然栖息地，为野生动物提供合适的生存空间。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Some wild animals become regular visitors to our cities, such as coy-otes (丛林狼) in Los Angeles or boars (野猪) in Berlin. (一些野生动物成为我们城市的常客，例如洛杉矶的丛林狼或柏林的野猪。)”可知，一些野生动物会到城市地区，与E项“Also, a large number of species share our urban areas. (此外，许多物种共享我们的城市地区。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife. (它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。)”可知，城市并不是为野生动物提供栖息地而建的，是为人类而建的，与A项“Cities are built for humans. (城市是为人类而建的。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them. (起初，人们害怕蝙蝠并试图摆脱它们。)”及下文“The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night. (蝙蝠是一个旅游景点，它们每天晚上都吃很多虫子。)”可知，从人们一开始害怕蝙蝠到后来蝙蝠成了旅游景点，所以人们开始重视蝙蝠，与F项“Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. (现在，他们开始重视他们有翅膀的邻居。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. (该公园使用本地植物，为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。其结果是在北京形成了一个拥有160多种鸟类的区域。)”与下文“Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely. (野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)”可知，北京奥林匹克森林公园将野生动物带入城市，并且野生动物不是被关在笼子里的，说明该公园与动物园是不一样的，与D项“In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. (在许多方面，公园与动物园相反。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“As humans, it is important to take measures to prevent conflicts and appreciate the presence of them. (作为人类，重要的是采取措施来预防冲突并珍惜它们的存在。)”及下文“And our own future will be endangered. (我们自己的未来将受到威胁。)”可知，如果我们不采取措施预防冲突就会有更多的物种灭绝，与C项“If we do not, more species will become extinct. (如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m now the chef and owner of a restaurant. Nothing in my early years led me to ___41___ my life would connect to food and cooking deeply. My family did eat together often; we had a ___42___ that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends, but food was hardly the ___43___ of my family’s story. After I entered college, I was still ___44___ about what I wanted to do. Maybe I was supposed to ___45___ the crowd, getting a decent job, like in medicine or something similar.
When accepting the job assisting cooks after finishing college, I just ___46___ to pay my rent. That didn’t ___47___ any big life plans. However, as I worked longer, the food world showed me amazing ___48___ .
Too little salt, and a dish is ___49___ to be “tasteless ”. A bit lemon juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches from turning brown and ___50___ their appealing colors. The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never ___51___ tiny stuff in all parts of life. Also, working with food teaches me to really taste, smell and touch. I learn to observe my ___52___, watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads... and ___53___ wonders in everyday life. ___54___ , I head down my own path, which is ___55___ from going to medical school as my parents did, but gives my life purpose and direction.
41.
A expect B. wonder C. doubt D. admit
42.
A. suggestion B. tradition C. pleasure D. desire
43.
A. secret B. trouble C. witness D. center
44.
A. unclear B. restless C. unconcerned D. careless
45.
A. leave B. accompany C. follow D. gather
46.
A. happened B. promised C. offered D. intended
47.
A. replace B. affect C. inspire D. prevent
48.
A. opportunity B. wisdom C. memories D. skills
49.
A. easy B. fit C. true D. bound
50.
A. restore B. hide C. preserve D. change
51.
A. overlook B. judge C. keep D. worry
52.
A. surroundings B. improvements C. decisions D. differences
53.
A. keep away B. show up C. come across D. bring about
54.
A. Even so B. Above all C. Instead D. Anyway
55.
A. free B. absent C. separate D. distinct
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了食物和烹饪的智慧以及烹饪对作者的影响。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我早年的生活中，没有什么能让我预料我的生活能与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。A. expect预料；B. wonder想知道；C. doubt怀疑；D. admit承认。根据下文“Maybe I was supposed to ___5___ the crowd, getting a decent job, like in medicine or something similar.”可知，作者没有预料自己会与食物和烹饪深深地联系在一起。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. suggestion建议；B. tradition传统；C. pleasure高兴；D. desire欲望。根据下文“that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends,”以及语境可知，祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐是作者家的传统。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人确实经常一起吃饭；我们有一个传统，我祖母在周末做每周一顿的大餐，但食物并不是我家故事的中心。A. secret秘密；B. trouble麻烦；C. witness目击者；D. center中心。根据上文“we had a ___2___ that my grandmother cooked the weekly big meal on weekends”以及空前的“but”可知，前后形成转折关系，祖母会在周末做每周的大餐，但食物并不是作者家的故事的中心。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进入大学后，我仍然不清楚自己想做什么。A. unclear不清楚的；B. restless不安宁的；C. unconcerned不关心的；D. careless粗心的。根据下文“Maybe I was supposed to ___5___ the crowd, getting a decent job, like in medicine or something similar.”可知，此处表示作者仍然不清楚自己想做什么。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该随大流，找到一份体面的工作，比如医学或类似的工作。A. leave离开；B. accompany陪伴；C. follow跟随；D. gather聚集。根据上文“After I entered college, I was still ___4___ about what I wanted to do.”以及下文“the crowd, getting a decent job, like in medicine or something similar.”可知，作者还不清楚自己想做什么，此处表示作者想自己可能应该随大流。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大学毕业后接受助理厨师的工作时，我只是想支付我的房租。A. happened碰巧；B. promised承诺；C. offered提供；D. intended想要。根据下文“to pay my rent. That didn’t ___7___ any big life plans”以及语境可知，此处表示作者接受助理厨师的工作只是想要支付房租。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。A. replace代替；B. affect影响；C. inspire激发；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“However, as I worked longer, the food world showed me amazing ___8___ .”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，所以此处表示作者之前接受的助理厨师工作并没有激发任何重大的人生计划。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我工作时间的延长，食品世界向我展示了惊人的智慧。A. opportunity机会；B. wisdom智慧；C. memories记忆；D. skills技能。根据下文“The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never ___11___ tiny stuff in all parts of life.”可知，此处表示食品向作者展示了惊人的智慧。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：盐太少，一道菜一定会“无味”。A. easy容易的；B. fit健康的；C. true真正的；D. bound肯定的。根据上文“Too little salt, and a dish is”以及常识可知，盐少了，菜一定会是无味的。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点柠檬汁有助于防止切开的苹果和桃子变成棕色，并保持它们诱人的颜色。A. restore恢复；B. hide掩盖；C. preserve保持；D. change改变。根据上文“A bit lemon juice helps prevent cut apples and peaches from turning brown and”可知，一点柠檬汁可以使切开的苹果和桃子保持诱人的颜色。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小事很重要这一教训提醒我，永远不要忽视生活中各个方面的小事。A. overlook忽略，忽视；B. judge判断；C. keep保持；D. worry担心。根据上文“The lesson that small things matter reminds me to never”以及语境可知，小事很重要，此处表示不要忽视小事。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. surroundings环境；B. improvements改善；C. decisions决定；D. differences不同。根据下文“watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads...”可知，此处表示作者学会观察周围的环境。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学会观察周围的环境，观察鸟类降落的方式，道路两旁树木的生长……并在日常生活中遇到奇迹。A. keep away远离；B. show up显现出来；C. come across偶然遇见；D. bring about导致，引起。根据下文“wonders in everyday life”以及语境可知，此处表示遇见生活中的奇迹。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. Even so即使如此；B. Above all最重要的是；C. Instead相反；D. Anyway无论怎样。根据上文“Also, working with food teaches me to really taste, smell and touch. I learn to observe my ___12___ , watching ways birds land, the growth of trees along roads... and ___13___ wonders in everyday life.”以及下文“I head down my own path, which is ___15___ from going to medical school as my parents did, but gives my life purpose and direction.”可知，作者在讲述自己从事厨师职业的两个感悟。Also后接第一个感悟，此处应为第二个感悟，为递进关系。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我走上了自己的道路，这与我父母上医学院不同，但给了我人生的目标和方向。A. free自由的；B. absent缺少的；C. separate分离的；D. distinct明显不同的。根据上文“I’m now the chef and owner of a restaurant.”可知，作者是一家餐馆的厨师兼老板，和父母上医学院明显不同。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What would we observe if we traveled at the speed of light This is a question Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age of 16. Imagining himself ___56___ (pursue) a beam of light, he reasoned that he should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came ___57___ (know) as one of Einstein’s most famous thought experiments, which take place in the imagination.
While the term “thought experiment ” originated in the 19th century, the use of thought experiments can be traced much further back, ___58___ ancient philosophers used them to explore difficult questions. About 2,500 years ago, Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi recorded one of the earliest thought experiments: if you cut a long stick in half and then cut the ___59___ (remain) part in two each following day, you will never finish cutting it.
As we explore the world in greater ___60___ (deep), we may reach a point where it is impossible to run an ___61___ (experiment) scenario (设想) in the real world due to various limitations. In such circumstances, we move into the area of thought experiments, which function as ___62___ valuable means to test the limits of our knowledge and advance our understanding of the world.
Throughout history, thought experiments ___63___ (contribute) to the development of scientific theories. Thought experiments are not always about proving something right ___64___ wrong with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, complex ideas more concrete and accessible, thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic ____65____question.
【答案】56. pursuing
57. to be known
58. when 59. remaining
60. depth 61. experimental
62. a 63. have contributed
64. or 65. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imagine sb doing sth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为be known as，且上文为短语come to do sth.。故填to be known。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词much further back，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语in depth表示“深度”。故填depth。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenario应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thought experiments，助动词用have。故填have contributed。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语in question表示“正在讨论”。故填in。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假设你是学校口语兴趣班的学生李华，你的外教Chris正在策划一次户外活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复。内容包括：
1. 你对活动的建议；
2. 建议的理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】范文：
Dear Chris,
How is everything I am delighted to hear that you are planning an outdoor activity. Here are my suggestions for the event.
I strongly recommend a “Nature Immersion Day”, which will provide us with an opportunity to immerse ourselves in the beauty of nature while practicing English in a real-world context. We can start with a guided nature walk in a nature reserve, observing and discussing the flora and fauna. Following the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts or relay races are a good idea. After lunch, we can gather for a brief discussion on the importance of protecting our environment.
I hope these suggestions are helpful. Let me know if you have any other ideas or questions.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生以李华的身份，给外教Chris回复邮件，对户外活动提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
保护：protect→preserve
机会：opportunity→chance
高兴的：delighted→glad
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Following the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts or relay races are a good idea.
拓展句：After we finish the walk, team-building games such as treasure hunts or relay races are a good idea.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am delighted to hear that you are planning an outdoor activity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I strongly recommend a “Nature Immersion Day”, which will provide us with an opportunity to immerse ourselves in the beauty of nature while practicing English in a real-world context. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Snowflake Bentley
In the days when Vermont farmers worked the land and spent time with livestock, there lived a boy Willie Bentley who loved snow more than anything in the world. Vermont is no stranger to snow and Bentley’s happiest days were snowstorm days. He watched snowflakes (雪花) on his glove, on the vast farm fields, and on the dark metal handle of the barn (谷仓) door. He said snow was the blessings of Nature. However, he could not share snowflakes because he could not save them.
Later, when his mother gave him an old microscope, he mainly used it to look at snow. While kids of his neighbors chased hens and had snowball fights, Willie was catching snowflakes. Day after stormy day he studied the icy crystals (冰晶).
Their delicate patterns were even more beautiful than he had imagined. Willie decided he must find a way to save snowflakes so others could see their wonderful designs. For three winters he tried drawing snow crystals. They always melted in the black tray (托盘) that he used to catch them before he could finish the drawings.
When he was sixteen, Willie read of a camera with its own microscope. “If I had that camera I could photograph snowflakes, he told his mother.” Willie’s mother knew that he would not be happy until he could share what he had seen.
“Spending time on snow is just foolishness, his mother said. Still, she loved his son. When Willie was seventeen his parents spent their savings and bought the camera. It cost as much as ten cows. Willie was sure it was the best of all cameras. Even so, his first pictures were failures—no better than shadows. Yet he would not quit. Mistake by mistake, snowflake by snowflake, Willie worked through every storm. Winter ended, the snow melted, and he had no good pictures. He waited for another season of snow. One day, in the second winter, he tried a new experiment. And it worked! Willie had figured out how to photograph snowflakes!” Now everyone can see the great beauty in a tiny crystal,” he said.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nevertheless, in those days no one cared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Despite the new-found fame, Snowflake Bentley simply made up his mind to produce a perfect photo. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nevertheless, in those days no one cared. Neighbors laughed at the idea of photographing snow. “Snow in Vermont is as common as dirt,” they said. But willie was not disheartened. He firmly believed the photographs would be his gift to the world. He gave copies away to neighbors or sold them for some money to help out his parents. He even wrote about snow and published his pictures in magazines. Soon, Bentley was beginning to make a name for himself. Flocks of journalists reached out to him for interviews and eventually the nickname “snowflake Bentley” was born.
Despite the new-found fame, Snowflake Bentley simply made up his mind to produce a perfect photo. Whenever it snowed, he would wait hours for just the right crystal. While neighbors sat by the fireplace Willie stood at the barn door and held out the black tray to catch snowflakes. Through trial and error, he learned to produce photos of better quality. One day, Bentley worked his magic and eventually developed a perfectly clear photograph. The young man was overjoyed and immediately presented it to his folks. “I was wrong about your work, son. This is marvelous!” said his mother. A smile of pride flickered across snowflake Bentley’s face, for he knew he had forever captured the beauty of Nature.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物和时间为线索，文章讲述了一个叫威利·本特利的男孩，他爱雪胜过爱世界上的一切。后来，当他的母亲给他一个旧显微镜时，他主要用它来观察雪，他日复一日地研究冰晶。本特利决定他必须找到一种方法来拯救雪花，这样其他人就可以看到它们美妙的图案。本特利十七岁时，他的父母花了他们的积蓄买了一架照相机，一次一次地尝试，威利最终拍摄出了美丽的雪花。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然而，在那些日子里，没有人在乎。”可知，第一段描写的是本特利在拍摄雪花过程中，没人理解，但是仍然坚持不懈，最终成名了。
②由第二段首句内容“尽管刚刚成名，雪花·本特利还是下定决心要拍出一张完美的照片。”可知，本段讲述的是通过反复试验，他学会了拍出质量更好的照片。有一天，本特利施展了他的魔法，最终拍出了一张非常清晰的照片。
2.续写线索：不灰心——送照片给邻居——发表关于雪的文章——开始出名——捕捉雪花——拍摄出非常清晰的照片。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①嘲笑：laugh at / make fun of
②赠送：give away / donate
③下定决心：make up one’s mind / determine
④捕捉：capture / seize
情绪类
狂喜的：overjoyed / delightsome / wild with joy
【点睛】[高分句型1] Whenever it snowed, he would wait hours for just the right crystal. While neighbors sat by the fireplace （由whenever引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] A smile of pride flickered across snowflake Bentley’s face, for he knew he had forever captured the beauty of Nature. （由for引导的原因状语从句）

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